Ore sorting experimental apparatus and method for determining parameters for sorting radioactive ores

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of hard rock uranium ore sorting equipment, proposing an ore sorting experimental device and a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters. The ore sorting experimental device includes: a frame; an adjustable-speed ore transport system mounted on the frame, the adjustable-speed ore transport system having at least two parallel conveying channels, namely a first conveying channel and a second conveying channel; detection units, namely a first detection unit, a second detection unit, and a third detection unit; a horizontal drive displacement system, including a worm gear lift, a linear guide rail, and guide rail brake blocks; a physical partition wall; a shielding curtain wall configured to translate vertically along the conveying channels; an adjustable-angle feeding mechanism; and an adjustable-angle discharging mechanism. This ore sorting experimental device is adapted to the design requirements of industrial sorting machines with multiple parallel channels and multi-probe relay detection, and can provide efficient and reliable experimental support for the production and manufacturing of industrial-grade radioactive ore sorting machines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hard rock uranium ore sorting equipment technology, and more specifically, to an ore sorting experimental device and a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Radioactive ore separators are specialized equipment that utilizes the natural radioactivity differences in uranium ore to separate ore from waste rock. They can directly discard low-grade waste rock, achieving initial resource enrichment and providing high-grade raw materials for subsequent smelting processes. Equipped with high-speed belts, radioactive detection devices, and linear array cameras, the radioactive separator can accurately capture information from each piece of ore, working in conjunction with the separation system to separate individual pieces and achieve piece-by-piece selection. To improve processing efficiency and detection signal-to-noise ratio, a multi-channel parallel conveying and multi-probe relay detection mode is commonly used. However, the superposition of radiation signals from adjacent ores, radiation cross-interference between channels, and the impact of probe spacing on signal accumulation are core issues limiting separation accuracy, requiring precise determination of relevant parameters through a series of experiments.

[0003] Important parameters such as the number of channels, channel spacing, ore spacing, and the number and spacing of detectors need to be determined based on on-site indicators such as ore particle size, grade distribution, and target throughput. For large-scale equipment integrating multi-dimensional sensing detection with complex mechanical feeding and sorting functions, once put into production, modifying even a single parameter will lead to numerous repetitive tasks in interlocking design and manufacturing. Currently, commonly used detection units integrate sodium iodide detectors, preamplifiers, and lead shields, weighing over 200 kg. Manually operating these heavy-duty modules is not only labor-intensive and inefficient but also poses safety hazards, making it difficult to achieve precise and continuous position adjustment and rigid locking, resulting in uncontrollable and poor repeatability of the experimental process. Existing conditions only allow for static testing of a single channel and a single probe, and cannot simulate online industrial scenarios involving multiple channels in parallel, multiple probes accumulating detection, and ore movement along conveyor belts.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dynamic experimental system that can simulate industrial sorting scenarios, has precisely adjustable detection unit positions, and integrates feeding, unloading, and ore collection functions to provide accurate support for determining the core parameters of industrial sorting machines. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the first aspect of this application proposes an ore sorting experimental apparatus.

[0006] The second aspect of this application proposes a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters.

[0007] In view of this, the first aspect of this application proposes an ore sorting experimental apparatus for use with industrial radioactive separators, comprising: a frame; an adjustable-speed ore transport system mounted on the frame, the adjustable-speed ore transport system having at least two parallel transport channels, namely a first transport channel and a second transport channel parallel to the first transport channel; and at least three detection units, namely a first detection unit, a second detection unit, and a third detection unit, the first and second detection units being disposed in the first transport channel, the second detection unit being movable relative to the first detection unit along the channel direction; and the third detection unit being disposed in the second transport channel and being movable relative to the first detection unit. The system includes a vertical movement along the conveyor channel; a horizontal drive displacement system comprising a worm gear jack, a linear guide rail, and a guide rail brake block; the worm gear jack connecting the frame to the corresponding detection unit to drive the detection unit to move along the linear guide rail; and the guide rail brake block locking the detection unit to the linear guide rail after it reaches the target position; a physical partition wall positioned between adjacent conveyor channels; a shielding curtain wall positioned above the radioactive detection area in the conveyor channel, configured to be able to translate vertically along the conveyor channel; an adjustable angle feeding mechanism positioned at the head end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; and an adjustable angle discharging mechanism positioned at the tail end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the detection unit includes: a metal casing; a lead shield, disposed inside the metal casing, for shielding against external radioactive interference; a detector, disposed inside the lead shield, the detector including a probe and a preamplifier, the probe and preamplifier being integrated into one unit; a probe base, connected to the detector, for mounting the detector inside the lead shield; and a limiting groove provided in the metal casing, through which the probe base and detector extend into the lead shield, and after rotating at a predetermined angle, sink and fix.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the horizontal drive displacement system further includes: a pulley block, where the linear guide rail and the pulley block form a linear motion pair to guide the movement of the detection unit; wherein, the lead screw of the worm gear jack is connected to the detection unit, and the worm gear jack is equipped with a drive handwheel or drive motor to drive the detection unit to move along the linear guide rail.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the adjustable-speed ore conveying system includes: a motor mounted on a frame; a drive drum connected to the output of the motor for operation under the drive of the motor; a conveyor belt fitted onto the drive drum for carrying and transporting ore; a deflector drum located at the turning point of the conveyor belt for changing the direction of travel of the conveyor belt and adjusting the tension of the conveyor belt; and idlers for supporting the non-load-bearing section of the conveyor belt.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the adjustable speed ore conveying system also includes an encoder, located at the drive roller or conveyor belt, for monitoring the operating speed of the conveyor belt.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes: a feeding support, located at the head end of the adjustable-speed ore transport system; a feeding platform, located on the feeding support, for carrying the ore sample to be tested; an acceleration slide, located below the feeding platform and corresponding to the conveying channel, the acceleration slide having an acceleration channel equal in number to the conveying channel, for guiding the ore sample from the feeding platform and accelerating it into the corresponding conveying channel; and an angle adjustment mechanism connected between the feeding platform and the acceleration slide, including an adjusting screw, an adjusting plate with an arc-shaped groove, and a fastening nut, the adjusting screw cooperating with the adjusting plate to adjust the tilt angle of the acceleration slide.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the adjustable angle ore feeding device includes: a discharge support, which is set at the tail end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; and a discharge slide plate, which is set on the discharge support and arranged correspondingly to the conveying channel. The discharge slide plate has a U-shaped structure, and arc-shaped grooves are provided on both sides of the discharge slide plate. The discharge slide plate is connected to the discharge support through the arc-shaped grooves to adjust the tilt angle of the discharge slide plate.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the ore sorting experimental apparatus further includes: an ore collection box, located below the discharge slide plate, the ore collection box having an open box structure for receiving ore samples falling from the discharge mechanism.

[0015] The second aspect of this application proposes a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters, employing the ore sorting experimental apparatus as described in any of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps: The steps for determining the minimum spacing between adjacent ores are as follows: Static measurements are performed on high-grade and low-grade standard ores using the second detection unit, and a static radiation pattern is plotted to show the change in count rate with distance. The two static radiation patterns are then translated and superimposed along the distance axis. The first predetermined threshold of the count rate of the low-grade standard ores at the detection center is used as the interference judgment threshold. When the non-peak area of ​​the translated and superimposed curve does not exceed the first predetermined threshold, the center distance between the two ores at this time is determined as the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores. The steps for determining the minimum channel spacing are as follows: First, determine the background count rate of the third detection unit under no-load conditions. Second, place the high-grade standard ore directly above the first detection unit in the first conveying channel. Third, move the third detection unit in the second conveying channel by a predetermined step size, and simultaneously move the shielding wall. Third, measure the count rate of the third detection unit point by point and calculate the count rate increment. Use the second predetermined threshold of the count rate at the center of the low-grade standard ore as the cross-interference threshold. When the count rate increment does not exceed the second predetermined threshold, determine the center distance between the two detection units at this time as the minimum channel spacing. Verify the minimum spacing based on the maximum particle size of the ore and ensure that the net channel spacing is greater than a predetermined multiple of the maximum particle size of the ore. The steps for determining the optimal spacing of probes in the same channel are as follows: Calculate the belt conveyor speed based on the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores and the minimum spacing of the channel, combined with the target processing volume; sequentially feed high-grade and low-grade standard ores into the same conveying channel at a longitudinal distance greater than the minimum spacing between ores; adjust the spacing between two adjacent detection units within the channel; collect the dynamic count rate-time curves of the two detection units; use the first predetermined threshold of the center count rate of the low-grade standard ore as the superposition judgment threshold; when the non-peak area of ​​the dynamic count rate-time curve does not exceed the superposition judgment threshold, determine the optimal spacing of probes in the same channel based on the installation structure requirements of the detectors.

[0016] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible methods, after determining the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel, a step of optimizing the accumulated detection parameters of multiple probes is also included: At least one detection unit is moved from other conveying channels to the same conveying channel, and different numbers of detection units are sequentially configured to conduct cumulative detection experiments. The total count rate and background count of ore radiation are measured under different numbers of probes, and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is calculated. The optimal number of probes is determined based on the change law of signal-to-noise ratio with the number of probes. When the number of probes required by the industrial machine exceeds the maximum number of detection units that can be arranged in a single channel of the experimental device, data extrapolation is performed based on the change law of signal-to-noise ratio to determine the total number of detectors in the relay detection mode in the industrial equipment.

[0017] Compared with related technologies, this application has the following technical advantages: The ore sorting experimental apparatus provided in this application is designed for industrial radioactive separators. It includes a frame, an adjustable-speed ore transport system, detection units, a horizontal drive displacement system, physical partitions, a shielding curtain wall, an adjustable-angle feeding mechanism, and an adjustable-angle discharging mechanism. Through a multi-channel parallel layout and flexible configuration of multiple detection units, a high-fidelity simulation of industrial sorting scenarios is achieved. The adjustable-speed ore transport system, combined with the adjustable-angle feeding and discharging mechanisms, ensures stable and controllable ore transport, preventing ore tumbling, deviation, and spillage, providing a stable and reliable operating foundation for a series of experiments. The second detection unit can move relative to the first detection unit along the channel direction, and the third detection unit can move relative to the first detection unit along the channel perpendicularly. Combined with the movable shielding curtain wall, it is possible to simultaneously study the superposition effect of ore radiation signals within the same channel and the radiation cross-interference between adjacent channels. This allows for collaborative testing of multi-dimensional parameters on a single experimental platform, significantly improving experimental efficiency and reducing the cost of repeatedly building equipment.

[0018] High scenario matching: The multi-channel parallel experimental system can simulate the sorting scenario of industrial machines to a large extent, providing experimental data that is highly matched with reality for determining the core parameters of industrial machines.

[0019] Comprehensive parameter coverage: It can determine key parameters such as the spacing between adjacent ores, the spacing between channels, and the spacing between probes, providing a comprehensive quantitative basis for the efficient production and manufacturing of industrial machines.

[0020] Functional integration: The adjustable angle feeding and discharging mechanism and ore collection box realize the integration of ore conveying, detection and collection, avoid ore spillage and deviation, and improve the convenience of operation.

[0021] Precise adjustment: Through a mechanical system combining worm gear self-locking drive, linear guide rail guidance, and pulley block transmission, stepless and precise horizontal position adjustment of a single detection unit weighing up to 200kg is achieved safely and smoothly within a limited stroke. Equipped with brake blocks, the detection unit can be reliably fixed in the target position even under dynamic conditions, reducing measurement errors caused by vibration and ensuring the repeatability and stability of data in a series of experiments.

[0022] Experimental efficiency is enhanced by the parallel design of multiple channels, which allows for the study of key issues such as the superposition of ore and detection units within the same channel, as well as the parallel study of cross-influences of ore between multiple channels, all on the same experimental platform. The detection units are independent and their number can be increased or decreased as needed, allowing for combined layouts that improve experimental efficiency and reduce costs.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent in the following description or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an ore sorting experimental apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B; Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the ore sorting experimental apparatus according to one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the adjustment of the detector unit spacing in one embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 F-direction view; Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters in one embodiment of this application is shown.

[0025] in, Figures 1 to 6 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows: 1. Feeding platform, 2. Acceleration slide plate, 3. Adjusting plate, 4. Adjusting screw, 5. Physical partition wall, 6. Shielding curtain wall, 7. Worm gear lift, 8. Guide rail brake block, 9. Linear guide rail, 10. Pulley block, 11. Detection unit, 12. Partition wall support, 13. Ore conveyor belt, 14. Drive roller, 15. Motor, 16. Redirecting roller, 17. Discharge support, 18. Discharge slide plate, 19. Ore collection box, 20. Foot, 21. Frame, 22. Idler roller, 23. Encoder, 24. Second detection unit, 25. First detection unit, 26. Third detection unit, 27. Probe, 28. Lead shield, 29. Metal shell, 30. Probe base, 31. First conveying channel, 32. Second conveying channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0027] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0028] The following reference Figures 1 to 7 This application describes an experimental apparatus for ore sorting and a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters according to some embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the first aspect of this application proposes an ore sorting experimental apparatus for use with industrial radioactive separators, comprising: a frame 21; an adjustable-speed ore transport system mounted on the frame 21, the adjustable-speed ore transport system having at least two parallel transport channels, namely a first transport channel 31 and a second transport channel 32 parallel to the first transport channel 31; and at least three detection units 11, namely a first detection unit 25, a second detection unit 24, and a third detection unit 26, the first detection unit 25 and the second detection unit 24 being disposed in the first transport channel 31, the second detection unit 24 being movable relative to the first detection unit 25 along the channel direction; and the third detection unit 26 being disposed in the second transport channel 32 and being movable relative to the first detection unit 25. A detection unit 25 moves vertically along the channel; a horizontal drive displacement system includes a worm gear jack 7, a linear guide rail 9, and a guide rail brake block 8. The worm gear jack 7 is connected between the frame 21 and the corresponding detection unit 11, and is used to drive the detection unit 11 to move along the linear guide rail 9. The guide rail brake block 8 is used to lock the detection unit 11 to the linear guide rail 9 after it moves to the target position; a physical partition wall 5 is set between adjacent conveying channels; a shielding curtain wall 6 is set above the radioactive detection area in the conveying channel, and the shielding curtain wall 6 is configured to be able to translate vertically along the conveying channel; an adjustable angle feeding mechanism is set at the head end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; and an adjustable angle discharging mechanism is set at the tail end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system.

[0030] The ore sorting experimental apparatus provided in this application is designed for industrial radioactive separators. It includes a frame 21, an adjustable-speed ore transport system, detection units 11, a horizontal drive displacement system, a physical partition wall 5, a shielding curtain wall 6, an adjustable-angle feeding mechanism, and an adjustable-angle discharging mechanism. Through the parallel layout of multiple channels and the flexible configuration of multiple detection units 11, a high-fidelity simulation of industrial sorting scenarios is achieved. The adjustable-speed ore transport system, combined with the adjustable-angle feeding and discharging mechanisms, ensures stable and controllable ore transport, preventing ore tumbling, deviation, and spillage, providing a stable and reliable operating foundation for a series of experiments. The second detection unit 24 can move relative to the first detection unit 25 along the channel direction, and the third detection unit 26 can move relative to the first detection unit 25 along the vertical direction of the channel. Combined with the movable shielding curtain wall 6, it is possible to simultaneously study the superposition effect of ore radiation signals within the same channel and the radiation cross-interference between adjacent channels. This allows for the collaborative testing of multi-dimensional parameters on the same experimental platform, significantly improving experimental efficiency and reducing the cost of repeatedly building equipment.

[0031] The horizontal drive displacement system employs a worm gear jack 7, a linear guide rail 9, and a guide rail brake block 8, enabling stepless and precise horizontal displacement adjustment of the detection unit 11 within a limited stroke. The self-locking characteristics of the worm gear and the rigid locking function of the guide rail brake block 8 effectively prevent vibration transmission caused by belt operation, ensuring that the detection unit 11 remains reliably fixed in the target position under dynamic conditions. This provides a reliable guarantee for the fine-tuning of the spacing between the detection units 11, fundamentally reducing measurement errors introduced by vibration, ensuring the repeatability and stability of serialized experimental data, and providing precise hardware support for the parameter calibration of industrial sorting machines.

[0032] By integrating feeding, conveying, detection, and discharging functions into one unit, a complete experimental closed loop is formed, offering convenient operation and a high degree of automation. The multi-channel parallel design, combined with the independent layout of the movable detection unit 11, can simulate industrial scenarios of multi-channel parallel conveying and flexibly adjust the combination and spatial position of the detection units 11 to meet different experimental needs. Through precise mechanical adjustments and an effective radiation shielding structure, this device significantly reduces interference factors during the experiment, improves the reliability and comparability of experimental data, and provides a highly efficient, accurate, and repeatable hardware experimental platform for the development of industrial-grade radioactive sorting machines.

[0033] The ore sorting experimental device provided in this application has a high degree of scene matching, comprehensive parameter coverage, and precise and convenient adjustment, which can provide efficient and reliable experimental support for the production and manufacturing of industrial-grade radioactive ore sorting machines.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in practical applications, the physical partition 5 is supported by the partition bracket 12.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the detection unit 11 includes: a metal casing 29; a lead shield 28 disposed inside the metal casing 29 for shielding against external radioactive interference; a detector disposed inside the lead shield 28, the detector including a probe 27 and a preamplifier, the probe 27 and the preamplifier being integrated into one unit; a probe base 30 connected to the detector for mounting the detector inside the lead shield 28; the metal casing 29 has a limiting groove, the probe base 30 and the detector extending into the lead shield 28 through the limiting groove, and after rotating at a predetermined angle, sinking and fixing. The probe 27 is a gamma probe.

[0036] In this embodiment, the detection unit 11 includes a metal casing 29, a lead shield 28, a detector, and a probe base 30. The metal casing 29 and the lead shield 28 form a double-layer shielding structure. The detector is located inside the lead shield 28, effectively reducing interference from external radioactive radiation on the detection signal and significantly improving the detection signal-to-noise ratio. The probe 27 is integrated with the preamplifier, shortening the signal transmission path, reducing signal attenuation, and minimizing noise introduction. This enables the detector to have higher detection sensitivity and response speed in radioactive ore sorting scenarios, providing a reliable signal acquisition basis for accurate ore grade identification.

[0037] The metal casing 29 has a limiting groove. The probe base 30 and the detector extend into the lead shield 28 through the limiting groove and are then rotated at a predetermined angle before being lowered and fixed. This allows for quick and convenient detector replacement without disassembling the lead shield 28, reducing the difficulty of detector maintenance and replacement, and significantly reducing equipment maintenance time and labor costs. Simultaneously, the probe base 30 is fixedly connected to the detector, and the positioning and locking function of the limiting groove ensures the positional stability and repeatability of the detector after installation, further guaranteeing the reliability and consistency of experimental data.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the horizontal drive displacement system further includes: a pulley block 10, and a linear guide rail 9 and the pulley block 10 forming a linear motion pair, used to provide guidance for the movement of the detection unit 11; wherein, the lead screw of the worm gear jack 7 is connected to the detection unit 11, and the worm gear jack 7 is equipped with a drive handwheel or drive motor for driving the detection unit 11 to move along the linear guide rail 9.

[0039] In this embodiment, the linear guide rail 9 and the pulley block 10 form a linear motion pair, providing the detection unit 11 with a high-rigidity, low-friction movement guide. This significantly reduces the running resistance and friction loss of the detection unit 11 during horizontal displacement, enabling the detection unit 11 to move smoothly and steadily along the guide rail under the drive of the worm gear jack 7. This effectively avoids displacement deviation caused by uneven sliding friction, ensuring the stability and reliability of the positioning process of the detection unit 11.

[0040] The lead screw of the worm gear jack 7 is directly connected to the detection unit 11. Combined with a drive handwheel or drive motor, this achieves a precise correspondence between the number of rotations of the drive handwheel and the linear displacement of the detection unit 11. The high reduction ratio of the worm gear significantly reduces the operating torque, making the adjustment of the heavy-duty detection unit 11 more effortless and controllable. The small-pitch lead screw design enables sub-millimeter level displacement adjustment accuracy, achieving fine control over the position of the detection unit 11. Simultaneously, the self-locking characteristics of the worm gear and the rigid locking function of the guide rail brake block 8 work together to effectively prevent vibrations generated by the belt from interfering with the position of the detection unit 11, ensuring that the detection unit 11 remains reliably fixed in the target position even under dynamic conditions, further improving the repeatability and stability of experimental data.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the adjustable speed ore conveying system includes: a motor 15, mounted on a frame 21; a drive drum 14, connected to the output end of the motor 15, for operation under the drive of the motor 15; a conveyor belt 13, fitted onto the drive drum 14, for carrying and transporting ore; a deflector drum 16, located at the turning point of the conveyor belt 13, for changing the running direction of the conveyor belt 13 and adjusting the tension of the conveyor belt 13; and idler rollers 22 for supporting the non-load-bearing section of the conveyor belt 13.

[0042] In this embodiment, the adjustable-speed ore conveying system includes a motor 15, a drive drum 14, a conveyor belt 13, a redirecting drum 16, and idlers 22. The motor 15 drives the drive drum 14, and the friction between the drive drum 14 and the conveyor belt 13 drives the conveyor belt 13 to circulate, achieving stable ore conveying within the radioactive detection area. The drive drum 14 provides driving power, while the redirecting drum 16 adjusts the tension of the conveyor belt 13 while changing its running direction. The two work together to effectively avoid problems such as belt slack and deviation, ensuring the stability of the conveyor belt 13 during long-term operation. The idlers 22 support the non-load-bearing section of the conveyor belt 13, reducing direct friction between the conveyor belt 13 and the frame 21, lowering running resistance, and maintaining the flatness of the conveyor belt 13, preventing sagging and deviation. This ensures the positional stability of the ore during conveying, providing reliable conveying conditions for the detection unit 11 to accurately detect the ore.

[0043] The aforementioned transport system, through a reasonable layout of rollers and idlers 22, forms a closed belt circulation loop, ensuring that the ore moves at the same speed as the conveyor belt 13 when entering the radioactive detection area, thus avoiding measurement errors caused by the ore sliding or rolling relative to the belt. The motor 15, in conjunction with the speed feedback from the encoder 23, flexibly adjusts the running speed of the conveyor belt 13 according to experimental requirements, adapting to different ore throughput and other experimental conditions. This further enhances the applicability and flexibility of the experimental device, providing a stable and controllable transport platform for multi-condition testing of ore sorting parameters.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the adjustable speed ore conveying system further includes an encoder 23, which is installed at the drive drum 14 or the ore conveying belt 13, for monitoring the running speed of the ore conveying belt 13.

[0045] In this embodiment, the adjustable-speed ore conveying system also includes an encoder 23. The encoder 23 monitors the operating speed of the conveyor belt 13 in real time and feeds the speed data back to the control system, achieving precise closed-loop control of the conveyor belt 13's speed. The encoder 23 is located at the drive roller 14 or the conveyor belt 13, enabling real-time acquisition of precise speed signals from the belt, avoiding the impact of speed fluctuations caused by belt slippage, load changes, etc., on experimental data. The control system dynamically adjusts the motor 15 based on the speed data fed back by the encoder 23, ensuring that the conveyor belt 13 maintains a stable set speed under various operating conditions. This ensures that the ore always passes through the detection unit 11 at a constant speed within the radioactive detection area, effectively eliminating measurement errors introduced by speed variations. This provides a reliable guarantee for the precise correspondence between the count rate of the detection unit 11 and the spatial position of the ore, further improving the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental data.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown in some embodiments provided in this application, the adjustable angle ore feeding device includes: a feeding support, disposed at the head end of the adjustable speed ore transport system; a feeding platform 1, disposed on the feeding support, for carrying the ore sample to be tested; an acceleration slide plate 2, disposed below the feeding platform 1 and arranged corresponding to the conveying channel, the acceleration slide plate 2 having an acceleration channel equal in number to the conveying channel, for guiding the ore sample to fall from the feeding platform 1 and accelerate into the corresponding conveying channel; and an angle adjustment mechanism, connected between the feeding platform 1 and the acceleration slide plate 2, including an adjusting screw 4, an adjusting plate 3 with an arc-shaped groove, and a fastening nut, the adjusting screw 4 cooperating with the adjusting plate 3 for adjusting the tilt angle of the acceleration slide plate 2.

[0047] In this embodiment, the adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes a feeding support, a feeding platform 1, an accelerating slide plate 2, and an angle adjustment mechanism. The feeding support and feeding platform 1 form a stable load-bearing structure, placing the ore sample to be tested on the feeding platform 1, providing a reliable starting point for subsequent conveying. The accelerating slide plate 2 is located below the feeding platform 1 and is arranged correspondingly to the conveying channels. The accelerating slide plate 2 has an acceleration channel equal in number to the conveying channels, allowing the ore sample to be accurately diverted to the corresponding conveying channel when falling from the feeding platform 1, avoiding deviation and spillage of the ore during the feeding process, and ensuring that each piece of ore enters the predetermined channel in an orderly manner. The angle adjustment mechanism is connected between the feeding platform 1 and the accelerating slide plate 2. Through the cooperation of the adjusting screw 4, the adjusting plate 3 with an arc-shaped groove, and the fastening nut, the tilt angle of the accelerating slide plate 2 can be precisely adjusted, thereby changing the acceleration of the ore sample on the slide plate, allowing the ore sample to slide smoothly onto the conveyor belt 13 at an appropriate speed according to its particle size and gravity characteristics.

[0048] The aforementioned structure allows the ore sample to complete speed adjustment before entering the conveyor trough, enabling it to quickly match the running speed of the conveyor belt 13. This effectively reduces the tumbling and sliding of the ore on the belt within the radioactivity detection area, avoiding measurement errors caused by the unstable movement of the ore. The angle adjustment mechanism uses an arc-shaped slide groove and a fastening nut, making the adjustment process simple and reliable. It can be flexibly adjusted according to ore samples of different particle sizes, ensuring that the ore enters the conveyor trough in a stable posture. This provides consistent and repeatable feeding conditions for the subsequent detection unit 11 to accurately measure the radioactivity signal of the ore, significantly improving the reliability and comparability of experimental data.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the adjustable angle ore feeding device includes: a discharge support 17, which is disposed at the tail end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; and a discharge slide plate 18, which is disposed on the discharge support 17 and is arranged corresponding to the conveying channel. The discharge slide plate 18 has a U-shaped structure, and arc-shaped grooves are provided on both sides of the discharge slide plate 18. The discharge slide plate 18 is connected to the discharge support 17 through the arc-shaped grooves to adjust the tilt angle of the discharge slide plate 18.

[0050] In this embodiment, the adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes a fixed bracket for the discharge slide plate 18 and the discharge slide plate 18 itself. The fixed bracket for the discharge slide plate 18 is located at the tail end of the adjustable-speed ore conveying system, providing a stable support structure for the discharge slide plate 18. The discharge slide plate 18 is arranged correspondingly to the conveying channels, allowing the ore samples that have completed testing to be discharged in an orderly manner from each conveying channel, avoiding mutual collisions and accumulation of ore during the discharge process. The discharge slide plate 18 has a U-shaped structure, and the side walls on both sides effectively constrain the movement trajectory of the ore, preventing the ore from overflowing or scattering from the sides of the slide plate during the sliding process, ensuring that the ore samples can fall completely and accurately into the subsequent collection device, providing reliable discharge conditions for the recovery and subsequent analysis of the ore samples.

[0051] The discharge slide plate 18 has arc-shaped grooves on both sides, which connect to the fixed bracket of the discharge slide plate 18, allowing for flexible adjustment of the tilt angle of the discharge slide plate 18. Operators can adjust the tilt angle of the discharge slide plate 18 according to the particle size of the ore, the conveying speed, and the falling posture, ensuring that the ore leaves the conveyor belt with a suitable falling trajectory. This reduces the impact of the falling ore and ensures that the ore falls smoothly into the collection device. This adjustable angle structure adapts to the feeding requirements of ores of different particle sizes, effectively reducing the risk of ore breakage during the discharge process, while improving the integrity and convenience of ore collection, providing a guarantee for subsequent weighing, screening, and radioactivity intensity analysis of ore samples.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments provided in this application, the ore sorting experimental device further includes: an ore collection box 19, which is disposed below the discharge slide plate 18. The ore collection box 19 is an open box structure used to receive ore samples falling from the discharge mechanism.

[0053] In this embodiment, the ore collection box 19 is located below the discharge slide plate 18 and adopts an open-top box structure, which can effectively receive the ore samples falling from the discharge slide plate 18, preventing the ore from scattering and being lost. The ore collection box 19 is arranged correspondingly to the discharge slide plate 18, so that the ore samples that have been tested fall into the box in an orderly manner, facilitating subsequent processing such as weighing, sieving, and radioactivity intensity analysis of the ore samples. The open-top box structure allows operators to quickly remove the ore samples, improving the convenience and efficiency of experimental operations, while avoiding cross-contamination of ore during the collection process, ensuring the integrity and traceability of the experimental samples.

[0054] The bottom of the ore collection box 19 is provided with feet 20, which are used to support and adjust the height of the ore collection box 19.

[0055] like Figure 7As shown, the second aspect of this application proposes a method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters, employing the ore sorting experimental apparatus as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: S202: Steps for determining the minimum spacing between adjacent ores: Static measurements are performed on high-grade and low-grade standard ores using the second detection unit, and a static radiation pattern is plotted to show the change in count rate with distance. The two static radiation patterns are then superimposed along the distance axis. The first predetermined threshold of the count rate of the low-grade standard ores at the detection center is used as the interference judgment threshold. When the non-peak area of ​​the superimposed curve does not exceed the first predetermined threshold, the center distance between the two ores at this time is determined as the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores. S204: Determination steps for minimum channel spacing: Measure the background count rate of the third detection unit under no-load conditions; place the high-grade standard ore directly above the first detection unit of the first conveying channel; move the third detection unit of the second conveying channel by a predetermined step size, and simultaneously move the shielding wall; measure the count rate of the third detection unit point by point and calculate the count rate increment; use the second predetermined threshold of the count rate at the center of the low-grade standard ore as the cross-interference threshold; when the count rate increment does not exceed the second predetermined threshold, determine the center distance between the two detection units at this time as the minimum channel spacing; verify according to the maximum particle size of the ore and ensure that the net channel spacing is greater than a predetermined multiple of the maximum particle size of the ore. S206: Steps for determining the optimal spacing of probes in the same channel: Calculate the belt conveyor speed based on the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores and the minimum spacing of the channel, combined with the target processing volume; sequentially feed high-grade and low-grade standard ores into the same conveying channel at a longitudinal distance greater than the minimum spacing between ores; adjust the spacing between two adjacent detection units in the channel; collect the dynamic count rate-time curves of the two detection units; use the first predetermined threshold of the center count rate of the low-grade standard ore as the superposition judgment threshold; when the non-peak area of ​​the dynamic count rate-time curve does not exceed the superposition judgment threshold, determine the optimal spacing of probes in the same channel based on the installation structure requirements of the detectors.

[0056] The method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters provided in this application forms a complete and systematic parameter calibration process through three steps: determining the minimum spacing between adjacent ores, determining the minimum spacing between channels, and determining the optimal spacing between probes within the same channel. This method utilizes high-grade and low-grade standard ores for static and dynamic measurements. Based on a threshold judgment method using radiation count rate, it calibrates the ore spacing, channel spacing, and probe spacing one by one, eliminating crosstalk between ore sections, channel crosstalk interference, and probe signal overlap. This provides accurate quantitative basis for the parameter configuration of industrial sorting machines and effectively ensures sorting accuracy.

[0057] This method accurately determines the minimum critical distance between adjacent ores to prevent signal crosstalk by superimposing two static radiation patterns along the distance axis and using a predetermined threshold of the center count rate of low-grade standard ore as the criterion. In determining the minimum channel spacing, the minimum spacing between channels is precisely calibrated by synchronously shifting the third detection unit and the shielding wall of the second conveying channel, combined with incremental monitoring of the background count rate. The maximum particle size of the ore is also incorporated for verification, balancing sorting accuracy and equipment operational reliability. In determining the optimal probe spacing, the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel is determined based on the dynamic count rate-time curve and the installation structure requirements of industrial detectors, ensuring optimal signal accumulation from multi-probe relay detection.

[0058] The aforementioned parameter determination method calibrates all core parameters using the same experimental setup. The steps are tightly integrated, and the data is highly repeatable. A complete parameter set can be obtained without switching between different devices, significantly reducing experimental costs and time investment. Parameters determined using this method can be directly applied to the design and manufacture of industrial-grade radioactive separators, avoiding the need for chain-redesign modifications due to unreasonable parameters after industrial equipment is put into production, fundamentally reducing R&D risks and production costs. This method is highly applicable and can be flexibly adjusted according to the grade, particle size distribution, and target throughput of different ores, providing a standardized and reproducible technical path for the customized design of radioactive separation equipment.

[0059] In some embodiments provided in this application, after the step of determining the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel, a step of optimizing the multi-probe cumulative detection parameters is also included: at least one detection unit is moved from other conveying channels to the same conveying channel, and different numbers of detection units are configured sequentially to conduct cumulative detection experiments. The total count rate and background count of ore radiation under different numbers of probes are measured, and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is calculated. The optimal number of probes is determined according to the variation law of signal-to-noise ratio with the number of probes. When the number of probes required by the industrial machine exceeds the maximum number of detection units allowed to be arranged in a single channel of the experimental device, data deduction is performed based on the variation law of signal-to-noise ratio to determine the total number of detectors in the relay detection mode in the industrial equipment.

[0060] In this embodiment, during the multi-probe cumulative detection parameter optimization step, at least one detection unit is moved from other conveying channels to the same conveying channel, and different numbers of detection units are sequentially configured for cumulative detection experiments. This achieves systematic optimization of the number of detectors configured in the multi-probe relay detection mode. By measuring the total count rate and background count of ore radiation under different numbers of probes, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under each number of probes is calculated, accurately reflecting the improvement effect of increasing the number of probes on the detection signal quality. Based on the variation law of SNR with the number of probes, the optimal number of probes with the optimal SNR can be determined within the allowable range of the experimental device. This avoids resource waste due to excessive probe configuration or insufficient probe configuration leading to the detection SNR failing to meet the sorting accuracy requirements, providing direct and reliable data support for the design of multi-probe cumulative detection in industrial machines.

[0061] When the number of probes required by the industrial machine exceeds the maximum number of detection units allowed in a single channel of the experimental setup, this method extrapolates the total number and arrangement of detectors in the relay detection mode of the industrial equipment based on experimentally measured signal-to-noise ratio variation patterns. This overcomes the physical space limitations of the experimental setup, extending the parameter optimization range from the experimental setup to the entire scale of the industrial equipment. This extrapolation process, based on measured data, has high reliability and repeatability, providing an effective theoretical basis for the large-scale design of industrial sorting machines. It also avoids the high costs and long cycles associated with blindly conducting experiments on industrial equipment, significantly improving the efficiency of parameter determination and engineering applicability.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the specific embodiments, the ore sorting experimental device provided in this application features multi-channel parallel and multi-probe relay-type radioactivity intensity detection, as well as a method for determining core parameters of industrial sorting machines based on this experimental device. Key parameters such as the distance between adjacent ore blocks, channel distance, detector distance, and number of detectors can be obtained through simple experiments, providing a quantitative basis for the efficient production and high-precision operation of industrial equipment.

[0063] Specifically, it includes: a detection unit 11 and a horizontal drive displacement system, an adjustable speed ore transport system, an adjustable angle ore feeding mechanism, an adjustable angle ore discharging mechanism, and an ore collection box 19.

[0064] Channel Layout: The system comprises at least two parallel conveying channels, each equipped with an independent detection unit 11, a horizontal adjustment drive system, and feed and discharge channels, simulating the multi-channel parallel sorting scenario of an industrial sorting machine. Physical partitions 5 are installed between adjacent channels, and a lead-shielded curtain wall 6 is installed in the radioactive detection area. The first conveying channel 31 is the main test channel: it contains two detection units 11 arranged in a straight line, namely a first detection unit 25 that can be fixed in position, and a second detection unit 24 that can move within a certain range in the channel direction (X-axis direction). By adjusting the spacing between adjacent detection units 11, a series of measurements are performed to quantitatively analyze and determine the superposition effect of radiation signals from adjacent ores in the same channel and the minimum interference-free spacing. The second conveying channel 32 is a cross-influence reference channel: it contains a third detection unit 26 that can move within a certain range in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) of the channel. This third detection unit 26 is used to study the cross-influence of ore radiation signals between channels and provides a comparison and correction benchmark for the experimental data of the main channel. The number of detection units 11 can be increased according to the needs of the experiment. The maximum number of detection units that can be arranged in a single channel of this device is four.

[0065] The second detection unit 24 and the third detection unit 26 are both combined units of detectors and lead shielding bodies 28, with lead used to shield against external interference. The metal casing 29 serves two purposes: firstly, to enclose and support the internal lead; secondly, its shape is designed to facilitate the installation and connection of the mechanical structure, with a single unit weighing approximately 200 kg. The bottom connects to the pulley block 10, and the side is fixed to the screw head bolt of the worm gear jack 7, allowing for smooth movement along the linear guide rail 9 under the action of the jack. The probe 27 and the preamplifier are integrated into one unit and fixed to the probe base 30. The metal casing 29 of the detector is designed with a limiting groove, allowing the base and probe 27 to extend, rotate, and then sink and fix themselves after a predetermined angle, enabling convenient replacement of the probe 27 without disassembling the lead shielding body 28.

[0066] The horizontal drive displacement system includes a linear guide rail 9 assembly and a horizontal drive and positioning assembly, wherein the horizontal drive and positioning assembly includes a worm gear lift 7 and a guide rail brake block 8.

[0067] The linear guide rail 9 assembly is fixedly installed on the frame 21. The parallel square linear guide rail 9 and the pulley block 10 form a high-rigidity, low-friction linear motion pair, which provides stable guidance for the movement of the detection unit 11.

[0068] The horizontal drive and positioning assembly connects the frame 21 and the detection unit 11, and includes a worm gear jack 7, a drive handwheel or drive motor, and a guide rail brake block 8. The worm gear jack 7 converts rotary motion into linear feed of the screw, driving the detection unit 11 to move along the linear guide rail 9. The worm gear jack 7 achieves a large reduction ratio transmission through one or more gear sets, reducing operating torque. The trapezoidal screw of the worm gear jack 7 has a self-locking function, but in this device, to avoid the vibration of the conveyor belt 13 affecting the displacement of the detection unit 11, a guide rail brake block 8 is added, which can lock the detection unit 11 to the guide rail after it moves to the target position. By selecting a screw with a high reduction ratio and small pitch, the adjustment accuracy can reach the sub-millimeter level, realizing precise control of the displacement of the detection unit 11.

[0069] The adjustable speed ore conveying system includes a conveyor belt 13, a motor 15, a drive drum 14, a redirecting drum 16, idlers 22, and an encoder 23.

[0070] The conveyor belt 13 is used to simulate the conveying speed and ore conveying status of an industrial sorting machine. The ore required for the experiment maintains the same speed as the belt in the radioactive detection area.

[0071] The motor 15 provides power to the adjustable-speed ore conveying system, driving the drive drum 14 to rotate, which in turn moves the belt and the ore. Combined with speed control technology, the belt speed can be flexibly adjusted to meet experimental needs such as different ore throughput.

[0072] The drive drum 14 is connected to the output end of the motor 15 via a coupling. It relies on the friction between the drum and the belt to drive the belt to circulate and realize the conveying of ore.

[0073] The redirecting roller 16 is used to change the running direction of the belt and adjust the belt tension to avoid problems such as belt slackness and deviation, thus ensuring stable system operation.

[0074] The idler roller 22 is used to support the non-load-bearing section of the belt, reduce the direct friction between the belt and the support, reduce the running resistance, maintain the flatness of the belt, prevent the belt from sagging or shifting, and ensure the smooth transport of ore on the belt.

[0075] The encoder 23 is used to monitor the running speed of the ore conveyor belt 13 in real time, and feeds the data back to the control system to achieve precise control of the belt speed and improve the overall operation accuracy.

[0076] Physical partition 5 is used to create a separation between parallel conveying channels, defining the path of the ore.

[0077] The shielding curtain wall 6 is used to place above the radioactive detection area to prevent highly radioactive minerals from interfering with the detectors in adjacent channels.

[0078] The adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes a feeding platform 1 and a feeding support, an accelerating slide plate 2, and an angle adjustment mechanism. The accelerating slide plate 2 has an adjusting screw 4, an adjusting plate 3 with an arc-shaped groove, and a fastening nut, forming the angle adjustment mechanism. The accelerating slide plate 2 has the same number of accelerating channels as the conveying channel, which can guide the ore test sample into the channel to be tested. The tilt angle of the accelerating slide plate 2 is adjustable, thereby changing the running acceleration of the ore. The height of the feeding platform 1 and the feeding support is also adjustable. After the ore sample falls from the feeding platform 1 and is accelerated by the accelerating slide plate 2, it falls onto the conveyor belt 13, allowing the ore sample to quickly match the belt speed and reducing the ore's tumbling on the belt in the radioactive detection area. This provides stable and repeatable experimental conditions for testing ore samples of different particle sizes. Preferably, the angle adjustment range is 15° to 45° to adapt to the feeding requirements of ores of different particle sizes and to avoid ore deviation and spillage. A small vibrating feeder can also be mounted on the feeding platform 1 and the feeding support to conduct continuous operation tests on the experimental device in order to examine its long-term stability.

[0079] The adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes a discharge support 17 and a discharge slide plate 18. The discharge slide plate 18 has a U-shaped structure and arc-shaped chutes on both sides. Preferably, the tilt angle adjustment range is 10° to 35°. Corresponding to the setting of the conveying channel, the falling position of the ore is adjusted according to the conveying speed and particle size of the ore, which facilitates the collection of ore test samples.

[0080] The ore collection box 19 is located at the end of the adjustable angle discharge mechanism. It is an open box structure and can also be equipped with partitions inside to collect ore from different channels separately. The bottom of the ore collection box 19 is equipped with height-adjustable feet 20, which connect with the adjustable angle discharge mechanism to prevent ore from scattering and being lost.

[0081] The steps for determining parameters are as follows: Determining the spacing between adjacent ores: First, standard ore samples are prepared based on the ore grade, particle size, and quality characteristics at the user's site. These samples should include at least one high-grade and one low-grade ore within the specified grade range. Using the second detection unit, measurements are taken on both the high-grade and low-grade standard ores, and static radiation patterns are plotted. The horizontal axis represents the distance between the center of the ore block and the center of the detection unit, and the vertical axis represents the gamma-ray intensity. In the sorting radiometer, gamma-ray intensity is expressed as the pulse count rate. The strongest radiation occurs at the belt point above the detector's center point. Then, the handwheel of the worm gear lift is rotated n times, with a movement distance of d per unit rotation. The distance between the detector and the center of the ore is d × n each time, and the step size can be set to 10 mm. The furthest movement distance is when the radiation intensity is close to the background. The static radiation patterns of the two ore grades are recorded sequentially.

[0082] By superimposing two directional patterns, if the superimposed curve shows an abnormal peak value higher than 80% of the center count rate of the low-grade ore, in addition to the main peak corresponding to the two ore pieces, then the spacing is deemed unreasonable. Using a value less than this as the criterion, the center distance between the two ore pieces is the critical distance at which they just do not interfere with each other, thus determining the minimum spacing between adjacent ores.

[0083] Determining the channel spacing: First, record the background radiation intensity count rate of the detector in the third detection unit, repeat the measurement 6 times or more, and obtain the average value C. 本底 Next, fix the detector of the first detection unit and place it on a high-grade standard ore block on the first conveyor belt. Rotate the handwheel of the worm gear lift for n turns, with a movement distance of d per unit turn. The distance between the detector and the center of the ore block is d × n each time, and the movement distance can be set to 10 mm each time. Simultaneously, move the shielding wall above the belt by half the detector's movement distance to center it between the two conveyor belts. As the detector of the third detection unit approaches the detector of the first detection unit, the standard ore block on the first conveyor belt will have a radiation effect on the detector of the third detection unit. The count rate increment (C) generated when the detector of the third detection unit approaches the high-grade ore block is recorded, with the criterion being that the count rate of the lower-grade standard ore at the center of the detector does not exceed 10% (this percentage can be adjusted as needed). 测得 -C 本底 The measurement was repeated six times, and the average value was compared with the judgment condition. At this point, the center distance between the detectors of the first and third detection units was the minimum critical distance between the channels. That is, there would be no radiation cross-interference between the two channels. In addition, the center distance between the channels must also take into account the measured ore particle size range of the industrial machine. If it is too small, it will increase the probability of the ore block running unsmoothly, affecting the operation and measurement of the equipment.

[0084] Determining the spacing between probes in the same channel: After determining the center distance between adjacent ores and the number of channels, the belt running speed V of the concentrator can be calculated in conjunction with the target throughput.

[0085] First, a dynamic direction diagram of the low-grade standard ore block needs to be obtained. The equipment is restored to its initial state, the belt conveyor is started, and the running speed is set to V. After the speed stabilizes, the standard ore block is placed on the acceleration slide and passes sequentially through the detectors of the first and second detection units in the first conveying channel. The count rate-time diagram of the standard ore block by the detectors of the first and second detection units can then be obtained. The horizontal axis represents the time it takes for the ore block to pass through the detectors, and the vertical axis represents the pulse count rate within the time interval.

[0086] One high-grade and one low-grade standard ore block are arranged longitudinally, with a spacing greater than the minimum spacing between adjacent ore blocks. The conveyor belt is started and its operating speed is set to V. After the speed stabilizes, the standard ore block is placed on the acceleration slide and passes sequentially through the detectors of the first and second detection units in the first conveying channel. Two pulse signals are acquired through an analog-to-digital conversion system and a high-speed acquisition system. A dynamic direction diagram is plotted using software, and the count rate-time dynamic curves of the two detection units are summarized with time as the axis. The horizontal axis represents the time axis of the ore block passing through the detector, and the vertical axis represents the detection count rate.

[0087] Release the brake block, turn the drive handwheel to move the detection unit via the worm gear lift, changing the center distance between the two detectors. Repeat the above steps. The count rate of each detector will show a clear count peak when two standard ore blocks pass through their effective detection area. Record and summarize the dynamic directional patterns of the two detectors at different distances. Judgment criterion: If, in addition to the main peak corresponding to the two ore blocks, the dynamic curve shows an abnormal peak value higher than 80% of the center count rate of the low-grade ore, then the probe spacing is deemed unreasonable. Taking into account the detector installation design in industrial machines, determine the final probe spacing.

[0088] Multi-probe cumulative detection parameter optimization: Based on the determined probe spacing, the third detection unit can be moved to the first conveying channel to conduct a multi-probe cumulative detection experiment. The ore radiation count rate and background count under different numbers of probes can be measured, the signal-to-noise ratio change can be analyzed, and the optimal number of probes can be determined, providing a basis for the design of multi-probe cumulative detection in industrial machines. However, the experimental setup has limited space, with a maximum of four detection units placed on a single channel. If the number of probes exceeds the upper limit, calculations can be performed based on the experimental conditions to obtain the number of detectors for relay detection in the industrial machine.

[0089] This implementation method is based on a multi-channel radioactive ore sorting experimental device. This device has at least two channels and at least three detection units. The detection units are adjusted in position via a worm gear lift. A movable shielding wall is installed between the channels. It is equipped with an adjustable-speed ore conveying system, an adjustable-angle ore feeding mechanism, an adjustable-angle ore discharging mechanism, and an ore collection box. The implementation steps for determining the important parameters of the industrial sorting machine are as follows: The minimum spacing between adjacent ores is determined as follows: First, based on the grade, particle size, and quality characteristics of the ore at the site, at least one high-grade and one low-grade standard ore sample covering the grade range of the site were prepared. A second detection unit was selected, and a single standard ore sample was placed at the center of the belt directly above the detection unit. At this point, the count rate representing the ore's gamma-ray intensity reached its peak. The worm gear jack handwheel was rotated in 10mm increments. The change in center distance d×n was calculated each time using the number of rotations n and the single-rotation distance d (the screw pitch of the worm gear jack × the reduction ratio). The gamma-ray pulse count rate at different center distances was recorded point by point, and static radiation pattern diagrams for the two ore grades were plotted. The distance L from the center of the first detection unit to the center point of the second detection unit, which can be moved along the channel direction, was taken as the reference point. X The experimental setup can provide a movement distance L X The range is 190mm to 400mm.

[0090] Two static radiation patterns are superimposed along the distance axis. The interference threshold is set at 80% of the count rate of low-grade ore at the detector center. When the combined radiation contribution of two standard ores does not exceed this threshold, the center-to-center distance between the two ores is the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores, ensuring no crosstalk between signals when ores pass continuously. This threshold percentage can be flexibly adjusted according to the required sorting accuracy.

[0091] Minimum channel spacing determined: First, under no-load conditions, the background count rate of the third detection unit is measured repeatedly at least 6 times, and the average value is recorded as C. 本底 High-grade standard ore is placed on the conveyor belt directly above the center of the first detection unit in the first conveyor channel. The third detection unit is then moved horizontally in 10mm increments. The partition wall support has elongated mounting holes. The shielding wall is adjusted synchronously between the channels at half the moving distance, ensuring it remains on the centerline of the two channels. The distance L from the center of the first detection unit to the center of the third detection unit, which can move vertically along the channel, is taken as the reference point. y The experimental setup can provide a movement distance L y The range is 200mm to 500mm, which is the adjustable range of the channel center distance.

[0092] Record the measured count rate of the third detection unit point by point, and calculate the count rate increment (C). 实测 -C 本底Using 20% ​​of the center count rate of low-grade standard ore as the cross-interference threshold, the center distance between the first and third detection units is the minimum channel spacing when the increment does not exceed this threshold. Simultaneously, considering the maximum particle size of the ore in the industrial setting, the net channel spacing (channel center distance - width of the shielding wall) is set to at least twice the maximum particle size to reduce the risk of cross-channel radiation interference and lower the failure rate of equipment operation caused by ore transportation.

[0093] Determining the spacing between probes in the same channel: Based on the determined minimum spacing between the front and rear ore sections and the number of channels, the belt conveyor speed V is calculated in conjunction with the target throughput. The equipment is restored to its initial state, and the tilt angle of the feed and discharge slides is adjusted. A ore block is used for a drop test; the ore block, after being accelerated by the tilted slide, smoothly enters the belt conveyor channel and quickly matches the belt speed. The position of the ore collection box is adjusted to collect the ore blocks that have detached from the belt, which is the basic experimental condition. After starting the belt conveyor and adjusting its speed to V and ensuring stable operation, low-grade standard ore is fed into the first conveyor channel via the acceleration slide, passing sequentially through the first and second detection units. Two pulse signals are acquired through an analog-to-digital conversion system and a high-speed acquisition system. A dynamic direction diagram is plotted using software, summarizing the count rate-time dynamic curves of the two detection units with time as the axis. The horizontal axis represents the time axis of the ore block passing through the detector, and the vertical axis represents the detection count rate.

[0094] Release the brake block of the detection unit, and adjust the center distance between the two detection units by driving the handwheel and the worm gear lift, with an adjustment step of 10mm each time. Then, feed two standard ore pieces of high and low grade into the channel in sequence with a longitudinal spacing greater than the minimum ore spacing. Repeat the dynamic test and record and summarize the dynamic direction patterns of the two detectors at different spacings. The judgment rule is: if the dynamic curve, except for the main peak corresponding to the two ore pieces, shows an abnormal peak value higher than 80% of the center count rate of the low-grade ore, then the probe spacing is judged to be unreasonable. In order to save detection shielding space in industrial machines, the probe spacing should be as small as possible. Combining the volume of the detector itself and the detector installation structure requirements of the industrial ore beneficiation machine, the final optimal probe spacing is determined.

[0095] Multi-probe cumulative detection parameter optimization: Based on the determined probe spacing, the third detection unit was moved into the first conveying channel to conduct a multi-probe cumulative detection experiment. Two to four detection units were sequentially arranged in the first conveying channel, and the total count rate and background count of ore radiation were measured under different numbers of probes. The corresponding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated, and the variation of SNR with the number of probes was analyzed to select the probe configuration with the optimal SNR within the experimental range.

[0096] If the number of probes required for an industrial ore dressing machine exceeds the four upper limits of this experimental setup, calculations and deductions will be performed based on the signal-to-noise ratio variation law obtained from the experiment to obtain the total number and arrangement scheme of detectors in the relay detection mode of industrial equipment, providing data support for the multi-probe relay detection design of industrial machines.

[0097] The parameters determined through the above steps can be specifically matched to ore sorting scenarios of different grades and particle sizes, quantitatively eliminating crosstalk between ore layers, channel crosstalk interference, and probe signal overlap. This maximizes the equipment's processing capacity while ensuring sorting accuracy, providing a standardized and reproducible parameter determination method for the production and development of industrial-grade radioactive ore sorting machines.

[0098] In this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined. The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linking" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0100] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for ore sorting, intended for use in industrial radioactive sorting machines, characterized in that, include: frame; An adjustable-speed ore conveying system is installed on the frame. The adjustable-speed ore conveying system is provided with at least two parallel conveying channels, namely a first conveying channel and a second conveying channel parallel to the first conveying channel. The detection unit includes at least three units: a first detection unit, a second detection unit, and a third detection unit. The first and second detection units are disposed in the first conveying channel, and the second detection unit is movable relative to the first detection unit along the channel direction. The third detection unit is disposed in the second conveying channel and is movable relative to the first detection unit along the channel perpendicular direction. A horizontal drive displacement system includes a worm gear jack, a linear guide rail, and a guide rail brake block. The worm gear jack is connected between the frame and the corresponding detection unit and is used to drive the detection unit to move along the linear guide rail. The guide rail brake block is used to lock the detection unit to the linear guide rail after it moves to the target position. Physical partitions are installed between adjacent conveying channels; A shielding curtain wall is disposed above the radioactive detection area in the conveying channel, and the shielding curtain wall is configured to be able to translate vertically along the conveying channel. An adjustable angle feeding mechanism is located at the head end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; An adjustable-angle discharge mechanism is located at the tail end of the adjustable-speed ore transport system.

2. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit includes: Metal casing; A lead shield is installed inside the metal casing to shield against external radioactive interference. The detector is disposed inside the lead shield and includes a probe and a preamplifier, which are integrated into one unit. The probe base is connected to the detector and is used to install the detector inside the lead shield. The metal casing has a limiting groove, and the probe base and the detector extend into the lead shield through the limiting groove, and are fixed down after being rotated at a predetermined angle.

3. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal drive displacement system also includes: The pulley block, wherein the linear guide rail and the pulley block form a linear motion pair, is used to guide the movement of the detection unit; The lead screw of the worm gear jack is connected to the detection unit, and the worm gear jack is equipped with a drive handwheel or drive motor to drive the detection unit to move along the linear guide rail.

4. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable-speed ore transport system includes: The motor is mounted on the frame; The drive roller is connected to the output end of the motor and is used to operate under the drive of the motor; The ore conveyor belt, fitted onto the drive drum, is used to carry and transport ore; A deflector roller is installed at the turning point of the ore conveyor belt to change the running direction of the ore conveyor belt and adjust the tension of the ore conveyor belt. Idler rollers are used to support the non-load-bearing section of the ore conveyor belt.

5. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjustable-speed ore transport system also includes: An encoder is installed at the drive roller or the ore conveyor belt to monitor the operating speed of the ore conveyor belt.

6. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes: A feeding support is installed at the head end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; A feeding platform, set on the feeding support, is used to carry the ore sample to be tested; An acceleration slide is located below the feeding platform and is arranged corresponding to the conveying channel. The acceleration slide has an acceleration channel with the same number as the conveying channel, which is used to guide the ore sample to fall from the feeding platform and accelerate it into the corresponding conveying channel. An angle adjustment mechanism is connected between the loading platform and the acceleration slide plate, and includes an adjustment screw, an adjustment plate with an arc-shaped groove, and a fastening nut. The adjustment screw cooperates with the adjustment plate to adjust the tilt angle of the acceleration slide plate.

7. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable-angle ore feeding device includes: The discharge support is installed at the tail end of the adjustable speed ore conveying system; The discharge slide plate is mounted on the discharge bracket and is arranged corresponding to the conveying channel. The discharge slide plate has a U-shaped structure and arc-shaped grooves on both sides. The discharge slide plate is connected to the discharge bracket through the arc-shaped grooves to adjust the tilt angle of the discharge slide plate.

8. The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: An ore collection box is located below the discharge slide plate. The ore collection box has an open box structure and is used to receive ore samples falling from the discharge mechanism.

9. A method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters, characterized in that, The ore sorting experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 includes the following steps: The steps for determining the minimum spacing between adjacent ores are as follows: Static measurements are performed on high-grade and low-grade standard ores using the second detection unit, and a static radiation pattern is plotted to show the change in count rate with distance. The two static radiation patterns are then translated and superimposed along the distance axis. A first predetermined threshold for the count rate of the low-grade standard ores at the detection center is used as the interference judgment threshold. When the non-peak area of ​​the translated and superimposed curve does not exceed the first predetermined threshold, the center distance between the two ores at this time is determined as the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores. The steps for determining the minimum channel spacing are as follows: Measure the background count rate of the third detection unit under no-load conditions; place the high-grade standard ore directly above the first detection unit in the first conveying channel; move the third detection unit in the second conveying channel by a predetermined step size, and simultaneously move the shielding wall; measure the count rate of the third detection unit point by point and calculate the count rate increment; use the second predetermined threshold of the count rate at the center of the low-grade standard ore as the cross-interference threshold; when the count rate increment does not exceed the second predetermined threshold, determine the center distance between the two detection units at this time as the minimum channel spacing; verify this based on the maximum particle size of the ore and ensure that the net channel spacing is greater than a predetermined multiple of the maximum particle size of the ore. The steps for determining the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel are as follows: Based on the minimum critical spacing between adjacent ores and the minimum spacing of the channel, the belt conveyor speed is calculated in conjunction with the target processing volume; high-grade and low-grade standard ores are sequentially fed into the same conveying channel at a longitudinal distance greater than the minimum spacing between ores; the spacing between two adjacent detection units in the channel is adjusted, and the dynamic count rate-time curves of the two detection units are collected; the first predetermined threshold of the center count rate of the low-grade standard ore is used as the superposition judgment threshold; when the non-peak area of ​​the dynamic count rate-time curve does not exceed the superposition judgment threshold, the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel is determined in conjunction with the installation structure requirements of the detectors.

10. The method for determining radioactive ore sorting parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that, Following the step of determining the optimal spacing between probes in the same channel, a step of optimizing the accumulated detection parameters of multiple probes is also included: At least one detection unit is moved from other conveying channels to the same conveying channel, and different numbers of detection units are sequentially configured to conduct cumulative detection experiments. The total count rate and background count of ore radiation are measured under different numbers of probes, and the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio is calculated. The optimal number of probes is determined based on the change law of signal-to-noise ratio with the number of probes. When the number of probes required by the industrial machine exceeds the maximum number of detection units that can be arranged in a single channel of the experimental device, data deduction is performed based on the change law of signal-to-noise ratio to determine the total number of detectors in the relay detection mode in the industrial equipment.

Images