A three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste by using hermetia illucens

Abstract

This invention relates to solid waste resource utilization equipment, specifically a three-dimensional device and method for treating food waste using black soldier fly larvae. It includes a vertical cabinet, the interior of which is divided into a storage chamber and a cultivation chamber by vertically fixed partitions. The storage chamber has vertically stacked trays at the top, and a tray support assembly for supporting and placing the bottom trays is located on the upper inner side of the storage chamber. Below the trays are support brackets for receiving falling trays, and below the support brackets are pushing components that push the trays on the support brackets into the cultivation chamber. By integrating the storage chamber and cultivation chamber in the vertical cabinet, and through the coordinated operation of the pushing component, the tray support assembly, and the belt tray support assembly, the entire process of automatic tray feeding, uniform distribution of food waste, black soldier fly larvae placement, and layered three-dimensional cultivation is fully automated, significantly reducing manual intervention, lowering labor intensity, and significantly improving the efficiency of food waste resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to equipment for the resource utilization of solid waste, specifically to a three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies. Background Technology

[0002] Food waste is generated in large quantities and has a high organic content. If not disposed of in a timely manner, it is prone to decay, breeds bacteria, and releases foul odors. Conventional landfill and incineration methods have low resource utilization rates and are prone to secondary pollution. The bioconversion process that uses black soldier flies to feed on and degrade food waste, while simultaneously producing insect protein and organic fertilizer, has both environmental protection and resource value. It has now become one of the mainstream technical routes for reducing the volume of food waste, and supporting three-dimensional aquaculture and treatment equipment is also widely used. Currently, the mainstream black soldier fly larvae-based three-dimensional processing equipment for kitchen waste still relies mainly on manual labor for material preparation and insect feeding. Workers first take an empty tray, manually spread the kitchen waste on the tray, then manually sprinkle black soldier fly larvae. After the tray is filled, it is moved to the breeding chamber for static degradation. The whole operation is highly dependent on manual labor, the process is complicated, the labor intensity is high, and the overall processing efficiency is low. Meanwhile, manual material spreading makes it difficult to accurately control the thickness of the material layer, which can easily lead to excessively thick material. This results in poor ventilation inside the pallet, making it prone to anaerobic fermentation, continuously emitting foul odors, polluting the working environment, and worsening the larval survival environment, causing a decrease in larval survival rate and a deterioration in the degradation effect of food waste. Therefore, a three-dimensional device and method for treating food waste using black soldier flies is proposed to simplify the operation process, reduce the degree of manual intervention, and improve the level of automation in food waste treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies, which simplifies the operation process, reduces the degree of manual intervention, and improves the level of automation in kitchen waste treatment.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is a three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies. It includes a vertical cabinet. The inside of the cabinet is divided into a storage chamber and a cultivation chamber by vertically fixed partitions. The top of the storage chamber is provided with vertically stacked trays. The upper part of the inner side of the storage chamber is provided with a tray support pin assembly for supporting and placing the bottom trays. Below the trays is a support bracket for receiving the falling trays. Below the support bracket is a pushing component for pushing the trays on the support bracket into the cultivation chamber. The cultivation chamber is vertically equipped with a feeding pipe for feeding kitchen waste and a feeding pipe for feeding black soldier fly larvae. The top of the cabinet is equipped with a feeding funnel connected to the feeding pipe. Belt tray support components are installed on both sides of the cultivation chamber. The belt tray support components descend intermittently, driving the trays after feeding and insect feeding to move down layer by layer.

[0005] Specifically, the belt tray support assembly includes mounting shells fixedly installed on both sides of the cabinet and a conveyor belt vertically installed inside the mounting shells. The mounting shells are connected to the incubation chamber, and the upper and lower ends of the inner side of the conveyor belt are equipped with drive rollers that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting shell. Several sets of horizontal support plates are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the conveyor belt and are fixedly connected to the conveyor belt; when the pallet moves horizontally towards the cultivation chamber, the edge of the pallet overlaps the support plate to complete the bearing.

[0006] Specifically, the pushing component includes guide shells fixed to the front and rear sides of the cabinet respectively. The guide shells have horizontal guide grooves that communicate with the storage cavity. A sliding seat is slidably connected in the guide grooves, and a threaded hole is opened in the middle of the sliding seat. A reciprocating screw is horizontally arranged in the guide shells. The reciprocating screw is threadedly engaged with the sliding seat. One end of the reciprocating screw passes through the guide shell and is fixedly connected to a drive motor. The drive motor is fixedly connected to the end of the guide shell. An L-shaped pusher plate is hinged to the outside of the sliding seat through a hinge shaft. The initial position of the L-shaped pusher plate is located below the side of the tray away from the incubation cavity. A limiting post is fixedly connected to the sliding seat on the side of the L-shaped pusher plate away from the incubation cavity.

[0007] Specifically, a fixed shaft is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the reciprocating screw. One end of the fixed shaft passes through the guide shell and the mounting shell in sequence and is fixedly connected to the first drive gear. A reducer is fixedly connected to the outside of the cabinet. The input shaft of the reducer is fixedly connected to the input gear that meshes with the first drive gear. A sector tooth is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the reducer. The roller shaft of the upper drive roller passes through the mounting shell and is fixedly installed with a worm gear. A worm gear meshes with the worm gear. The end of the worm gear is fixedly connected to the second drive gear that meshes with the sector tooth. The end of the worm gear is rotatably connected to a bracket, and the bracket is fixedly connected to the reducer.

[0008] Specifically, the pallet support assembly includes two sets of first hydraulic telescopic cylinders and two sets of second hydraulic telescopic cylinders symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the upper part of the storage cavity, with the second hydraulic telescopic cylinders positioned above the first hydraulic telescopic cylinders. A horizontal support block is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder, and a pressing block is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder. A guide slope is provided on the upper surface of the pressing block. Both the first and second hydraulic telescopic cylinders are connected to the pressure supply assembly through pipelines. The starting pressure of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is greater than that of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder. The pressure supply assembly and the laterally moved pallet press against the pallet support assembly to supply pressure. The first hydraulic telescopic cylinder extends in its initial state and retracts after pressure is supplied, while the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder is initially in a retracted state and extends after pressure is supplied, inserting the pressing block between the bottommost pallet and the second-bottommost pallet.

[0009] Specifically, the pressure supply assembly includes multiple sets of pressure supply cylinders installed on the outer wall of the cabinet. The piston rod end of the pressure supply cylinder passes through the cabinet and is fixed to a horizontally arranged extrusion plate. The extrusion plate corresponds to the conveying path of the pallet. The pressure supply cylinder is connected to the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder through hydraulic pipelines.

[0010] Specifically, a feeding roller is provided at the bottom of the inner side of the feeding tube, and multiple sets of arc-shaped material collection grooves are opened on the outer wall of the feeding roller along the circumference; roller shafts are fixedly connected to both ends of the feeding roller, the roller shafts pass through the outer side of the feeding tube and are fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel, and the synchronous wheel corresponds to the pallet conveying path; during the process of the pallet moving towards the cultivation chamber, the top edge of the pallet rolls into contact with the synchronous wheel.

[0011] Specifically, multiple through holes are opened on the partition board, and several through holes are opened on the side wall of the cabinet; a plate filter is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cabinet at the position corresponding to the second through holes, and an exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the side of the plate filter away from the cabinet.

[0012] Specifically, the front of the cabinet is equipped with a first cabinet door and a second cabinet door. The first cabinet door is connected to the lower part of the storage cavity; the second cabinet door is connected to the upper part of the storage cavity; and a third cabinet door connected to the incubation cavity is hinged to the side of the cabinet.

[0013] A three-dimensional treatment method for kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, employing the aforementioned three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, specifically includes the following steps; S1: Pour the kitchen waste into the feed funnel at the top of the cabinet; S2: Place a set of pallets on the support bracket and stack the pallets on the pallet support pin assembly; S3: Start the pushing component to move the tray horizontally into the cultivation chamber; the spreading component operates to evenly spread the kitchen waste in the feed funnel into the inside of the tray through the spreading pipe; S4: When the tray containing the kitchen waste is moved to the bottom of the feeding pipe, black soldier fly larvae are added to the tray in a measured amount; S5: After the trays containing the feed and larvae are transported to the top of the belt tray support assembly, the belt tray support assembly moves down to move the trays down one layer for storage and cultivation. S6: The belt pallet support assembly descends, and the pallet pin assembly places the bottom pallet onto the support bracket; S7: Repeat steps S3 to S6; after the food waste in the tray has been completely degraded by the black soldier fly, remove the tray and separate the black soldier fly bodies from the residue.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen waste using black soldier fly larvae described in this invention integrates storage and cultivation chambers in a vertical cabinet, and coordinates with push components, pallet support components and belt pallet support components to realize the fully automated operation of automatic pallet feeding, uniform distribution of kitchen waste, black soldier fly larvae release and layered three-dimensional cultivation, greatly reducing manual intervention, reducing labor intensity, and significantly improving the efficiency of kitchen waste resource utilization.

[0015] (2) The three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies described in this invention, by setting up belt tray support components on both sides of the cultivation chamber, and using horizontal support plates evenly distributed on the outer wall of the conveyor belt to support the trays layer by layer, and intermittently moving the trays down layer by layer, multi-layer three-dimensional cultivation and storage is realized, which effectively saves the space occupied and expands the single batch processing capacity. At the same time, each layer of trays is stored independently, which is conducive to the air circulation and the consistent control of the larval growth environment.

[0016] (3) The three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies described in this invention is to set a feeding roller with an arc-shaped material collection groove at the bottom of the inner side of the feeding pipe. The two ends of the feeding roller are connected to the synchronous wheel via roller shaft. When the pallet moves horizontally, the synchronous wheel and the feeding roller are driven to rotate by the pallet itself to complete the uniform spreading of material. When the pallet stops, the feeding roller stops rotating synchronously and automatically stops the material falling. This realizes the linkage between the spreading of material and the movement of the pallet. It can ensure that the thickness of the material layer is uniform without the need for an additional driving source, effectively prevents the problem of anaerobic fermentation and odor caused by excessive local accumulation of material, and optimizes the living environment of larvae.

[0017] (4) The three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies described in this invention uses a pressure supply component in which the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder in the pallet support pin assembly cooperate. Taking advantage of the characteristic that the starting pressure of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder is greater than that of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder, the automatic sequential action of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder first extending into the squeezing block between the bottom pallet and the second bottom pallet, and the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder retracting to release the support is achieved. The bottom pallet can be released without the intervention of electrical control signals, simplifying the control logic and ensuring continuous and stable operation of the loading and unloading cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is an isometric schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an isometric schematic diagram from another perspective of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the cabinet and the mounting shell portion of the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of region A; Figure 5 This is a schematic side sectional view of the cabinet of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the conveyor belt and the pushing component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the cabinet structure of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of region B; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric roller structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Cabinet; 2. Divider; 3. Storage cavity; 4. Incubation cavity; 5. Tray; 6. Support bracket; 7. Feeding pipe; 8. Feeding pipe; 9. Feeding hopper; 10. Mounting shell; 11. Conveyor belt; 12. Drive roller; 13. Support plate; 14. Guide shell; 15. Guide groove; 16. Sliding seat; 17. Reciprocating screw; 18. Drive motor; 19. L-shaped pusher plate; 20. Limiting post; 21. Fixed shaft; 22. First drive gear; 23. Reducer; 24. Input gear; 25. 26. Sector gear; 27. Second drive gear; 28. First hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 29. ​​Second hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 30. Horizontal support block; 31. Extrusion block; 32. Guide inclined surface; 33. Pressure supply cylinder; 34. Extrusion plate; 35. Fabric roller; 36. Arc-shaped material collection trough; 37. Synchronous pulley; 38. First through hole; 39. Second through hole; 40. Plate filter; 41. Exhaust fan; 42. First cabinet door; 43. Second cabinet door; 44. Third cabinet door; 45. Worm gear; 46. Worm; 47. Bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0021] To simplify the workflow, reduce manual intervention, and improve the level of automation in food waste treatment, as one embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention discloses a three-dimensional device and method for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, comprising a vertical cabinet 1. The cabinet 1 is divided into a storage chamber 3 and a cultivation chamber 4 by vertically fixed partition plates 2. The top of the storage chamber 3 is provided with vertically stacked trays 5. The upper inner side of the storage chamber 3 is provided with a tray support pin assembly for supporting and placing the bottom trays 5. Below the trays 5 is a support bracket 6 for receiving the falling trays 5. Below the support bracket 6 is a pushing component for pushing the trays 5 on the support bracket 6 towards the cultivation chamber 4. The cultivation chamber 4 is vertically equipped with a feeding pipe 7 for feeding kitchen waste and a feeding pipe 8 for feeding black soldier fly larvae. The top of the cabinet 1 is equipped with a feeding funnel 9 that is connected to the feeding pipe 7. The cultivation chamber 4 is equipped with a belt tray 5 support assembly on both sides. The belt tray 5 support assembly descends intermittently, driving the tray 5 to move down layer by layer after the feeding and insect feeding are completed.

[0022] In use, kitchen waste is first fed into the feeding pipe 7 through the feeding funnel 9. The pushing component is then activated, horizontally pushing the tray 5 supported by the support bracket 6 towards the cultivation chamber 4. As the tray 5 moves past the feeding pipe 7, the feeding pipe 7 evenly distributes the kitchen waste inside the tray 5. After the material is laid, the tray 5 moves to a position below the feeding pipe 8, where black soldier fly larvae are quantitatively added to the tray 5. After the material laying and insect addition processes are completed, the tray 5 continues to move horizontally into the cultivation chamber 4. The edge of the tray 5 overlaps with the support component of the belt tray 5 to complete the support. The belt tray 5 support component intermittently descends, causing the trays 5 to move down layer by layer, achieving three-dimensional, layered cultivation and storage. The tray support pin component releases the bottom tray 5 of the stacked trays, allowing it to descend... After the tray 5 is placed on the support bracket 6 and the pushing component is reset to the initial position, a new empty tray 5 is pushed into the cultivation chamber 4. The process of pushing tray 5, spreading kitchen waste, feeding black soldier fly larvae, and moving tray 5 in layers is repeated. This greatly reduces manual intervention and avoids the defects of manual spreading, manual feeding, high labor intensity, and low processing efficiency. The spreading pipe 7 spreads the material evenly with the movement of tray 5, which can control the thickness of the kitchen waste layer in tray 5 and avoid the problem of anaerobic fermentation and odor caused by excessive material thickness. This optimizes the survival environment of black soldier fly larvae to improve the survival rate of larvae and the degradation effect of kitchen waste. The automatic cycle of loading and unloading tray 5 and insect cultivation operation is continuously completed, which effectively improves the efficiency of automated treatment and resource conversion of kitchen waste. It should be noted that the feeding tube 8 of the present invention can be used to intermittently pour black soldier fly larvae into the feeding tube 8 by manual feeding according to the usage requirements; when processing large batches continuously, a quantitative conveying device can be connected to the inlet end of the feeding tube 8 to accurately and continuously convey the larvae.

[0023] For example, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also includes a belt tray 5 support assembly comprising a mounting shell 10 fixedly installed on both sides of the cabinet 1 and a conveyor belt 11 vertically arranged inside the mounting shell 10. The mounting shell 10 is connected to the cultivation chamber 4, and the upper and lower ends of the inner side of the conveyor belt 11 are provided with drive rollers 12 that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting shell 10. Several sets of horizontal support plates 13 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the conveyor belt 11 and are fixedly connected to the conveyor belt 11; when the tray 5 moves horizontally to the cultivation chamber 4, the edge of the tray 5 overlaps above the support plate 13 to complete the bearing.

[0024] During use, the pushing component horizontally pushes the tray 5 on the support bracket 6 towards the cultivation chamber 4. After the material laying and insect feeding processes are completed, the tray 5 is fully inserted into the cultivation chamber 4. The two sides of the tray 5 overlap with the horizontal support plate 13 of the conveyor belt 11. The conveyor belt 11 rotates intermittently and moves down one grid, so that the horizontal support plate 13 carrying the tray 5 moves down synchronously to complete the layered three-dimensional cultivation and storage of the tray 5. The tray pin component releases the stacked tray 5, and the bottom tray 5 falls to the support bracket 6. After the pushing component returns to the initial position, it pushes the empty tray 5 again to enter the next round of operation, further reducing the frequency of manual intervention.

[0025] To facilitate the translation and transport of the tray 5 towards the incubation chamber 4, for example, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also includes a pushing component comprising guide shells 14 fixed to the front and rear sides of the cabinet 1 respectively. The guide shells 14 have a horizontal guide groove 15 communicating with the storage cavity 3 inside. A sliding seat 16 is slidably connected in the guide groove 15. A threaded hole is opened in the middle of the sliding seat 16. A reciprocating screw 17 is horizontally arranged inside the guide shells 14. The reciprocating screw 17 is threadedly engaged with the sliding seat 16. One end of the reciprocating screw 17 passes through the guide shells 14 and is fixedly connected to a drive motor 18. The drive motor 18 is fixedly connected to the end of the guide shells 14. An L-shaped pusher plate 19 is hinged to the outside of the sliding seat 16 through a hinge shaft. The initial position of the L-shaped pusher plate 19 is located below the side of the tray 5 away from the cultivation cavity 4. A limiting post 20 fixedly connected to the sliding seat 16 is provided on the side of the L-shaped pusher plate 19 away from the cultivation cavity 4.

[0026] In use, the drive motor 18 drives the reciprocating screw 17 to rotate, and the reciprocating screw 17 drives the sliding seat 16 to slide horizontally along the guide groove 15 inside the guide shell 14. During the forward movement of the sliding seat 16, the L-shaped pusher plate 19 pushes the tray 5 on the support bracket 6 to move and transport it to the cultivation chamber 4. The limiting post 20 set on the rear side of the L-shaped pusher plate 19 can limit the L-shaped pusher plate 19 from swinging away from the cultivation chamber 4, so as to avoid bending backward after the pusher is subjected to force and ensure that the pusher force is stable and reliable. After the tray 5 is pushed into the incubation chamber 4, the tray support pin assembly places the bottom tray 5 onto the support bracket 6. The reciprocating screw 17 rotates, causing the sliding seat 16 to retract and reset. During the reset process, the L-shaped pusher plate 19 contacts and presses against the edge of the newly dropped tray 5. The L-shaped pusher plate 19 swings downward around the hinge axis, passes over the bottom of the tray 5 and returns to the initial position, waiting to perform the next round of tray 5 pushing operation. No manual assistance is required to avoid the tray 5, further reducing manual intervention and ensuring the continuous and uninterrupted operation of the tray 5 pushing process, thus improving the smoothness of the automated cycle operation of the entire equipment.

[0027] To facilitate the layered load-bearing of pallet 5, for example, as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also includes a fixed shaft 21 coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the reciprocating screw 17. One end of the fixed shaft 21 passes through the guide shell 14 and the mounting shell 10 in sequence and is fixedly connected to the first drive gear 22. A reducer 23 is fixedly connected to the outside of the cabinet 1. The input shaft of the reducer 23 is fixedly connected to the input gear 24 that meshes with the first drive gear 22. The output shaft of the reducer 23 is fixedly mounted with a sector tooth 25. The roller shaft of the upper drive roller 12 passes through the mounting shell 10 and is fixedly mounted with a worm gear 44. A worm 45 meshes with the worm gear 44. The end of the worm 45 is fixedly connected to a second drive gear 26 that meshes with the sector tooth 25. The end of the worm 45 is rotatably connected to a bracket 46. The bracket 46 is fixedly connected to the reducer 23.

[0028] In use, when the drive motor 18 rotates and drives the reciprocating screw 17 to rotate, it drives the fixed shaft 21 to rotate synchronously. The fixed shaft 21 drives the first drive gear 22 to rotate synchronously. The first drive gear 22 meshes with the input gear 24 on the input shaft of the reducer 23 to drive the reducer 23 to rotate. The output shaft of the reducer 23 drives the sector gear 25 to rotate synchronously. When the tray 5 is conveyed to the cultivation chamber 4 by the push assembly and stably rests on the horizontal support plate 13, the sector gear 25 rotates to the position of meshing with the second drive gear 26. The intermittent meshing of the sector tooth 25 and the second drive gear 26 drives the worm 45 to rotate. The worm 45 and the worm wheel 44 drive the drive roller 12 to rotate intermittently. The drive roller 12 synchronously drives the conveyor belt 11 and the horizontal support plate 13 to move down one grid to complete the layered support of the pallet 5. The torque is increased by the reducer 23 to ensure the stability of the drive of the conveyor belt 11. At the same time, the stability of the drive roller 12 is ensured by the transmission of the worm wheel 44 and the worm 45, so as to prevent the conveyor belt 11 from rotating when the sector tooth 25 disengages from the second drive gear 26.

[0029] Meanwhile, the intermittent meshing structure of the sector teeth 25 can achieve action timing isolation, triggering the downward movement of the conveyor belt 11 only after the pallet 5 is fully in place and overlapped. There is no need to configure an additional independent drive source to control the conveyor belt 11, realizing the synchronous operation of the pallet 5 pushing and layered downward movement process, and improving the reliability of automated collaborative operation of the equipment.

[0030] To improve the stability of continuous automated loading and unloading operations, for example, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the present invention also includes a pallet support assembly comprising two sets of first hydraulic telescopic cylinders 27 and two sets of second hydraulic telescopic cylinders 28 symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the upper part of the storage cavity 3, with the second hydraulic telescopic cylinders 28 positioned above the first hydraulic telescopic cylinders 27; a horizontal support block 29 is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27, and a pressing block 30 is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28, with a guide slope 31 provided on the upper surface of the pressing block 30; both the first hydraulic telescopic cylinders 27 and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinders 28 are connected to a pressure supply assembly via pipelines, with the starting pressure of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 being greater than the starting pressure of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28, and the pressure supply assembly pressing against the laterally moved pallet 5 to supply pressure to the pallet support assembly; the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 initially extends and retracts after pressure supply, while the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 initially retracts and extends after pressure supply, inserting the pressing block 30 between the bottommost pallet 5 and the second-bottommost pallet 5.

[0031] In use, the L-shaped pusher plate 19 pushes the tray 5 to the cultivation chamber 4 and moves it to a certain position. The tray 5 then squeezes the pressure supply component, which supplies hydraulic oil to the tray support pin component to achieve pressure supply. Because the starting pressure of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 is lower than that of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27, the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 extends first after pressure is supplied, driving the extrusion block 30 to insert into the gap between the bottom tray 5 and the second bottom tray 5. The guide slope 31 on the surface of the extrusion block 30 can be embedded in the gap between the two layers of trays 5 to avoid jamming. After the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 reaches its limit of extension stroke, it triggers the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 to retract. The first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 drives the horizontal support block 29 to retract backward to release the support constraint of the bottom tray 5. The extrusion block 30 continues to support the stacked trays 5 above. After the bottom tray 5 loses support, it falls to the support bracket 6. No additional electrical control timing control is required, simplifying the equipment control logic and effectively improving the stability of continuous automated loading and unloading operations.

[0032] To facilitate the operation of the drive pallet support assembly, for example, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also includes a pressure supply assembly comprising multiple pressure supply cylinders 32 installed on the outer wall of the cabinet 1. The piston rod end of the pressure supply cylinder 32 passes through the cabinet 1 and is fixedly connected to a horizontally arranged extrusion plate 33. The extrusion plate 33 corresponds to the conveying path of the tray 5. The pressure supply cylinder 32 is connected to the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 through hydraulic pipelines.

[0033] When in use, when the pallet 5 is pushed to the designated work station, it squeezes the extrusion plate 33 at the end of the pressure supply cylinder 32. After the extrusion plate 33 is pressed, it drives the pressure supply cylinder 32 to output hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic oil is transported through pipelines to the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 of the pallet support pin assembly to supply the action pressure. This provides stable hydraulic power for the pallet support pin assembly, which facilitates the rapid release of the next set of pallets 5 to fall onto the support bracket 6, ensuring the orderly progress of the pallet 5 loading and unloading cycle.

[0034] To facilitate the filling of materials inside tray 5, for example, as shown... Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also includes a feeding roller 34 provided at the bottom of the inner side of the feeding tube 7, and multiple sets of arc-shaped material collection grooves 35 opened circumferentially on the outer wall of the feeding roller 34; roller shafts are fixedly connected to both ends of the feeding roller 34, the roller shafts pass through the outer side of the feeding tube 7 and are fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel 36, the synchronous wheel 36 corresponds to the conveying path of the tray 5; during the process of the tray 5 moving towards the cultivation chamber 4, the top edge of the tray 5 rolls in contact with the synchronous wheel 36.

[0035] During use, food waste is stored inside the feeding pipe 7, forming a sealed storage space. As the L-shaped pusher plate 19 pushes the tray 5 towards the cultivation chamber 4, the top edge of the tray 5 rolls into contact with the synchronous wheel 36, causing the synchronous wheel 36 to rotate. The synchronous wheel 36 drives the feeding roller 34 to rotate synchronously via a roller shaft. The arc-shaped collection groove 35 on the outer periphery of the feeding roller 34 receives the material inside the feeding pipe 7 and rotates slowly with the roller. The food waste carried in the arc-shaped collection groove 35 is gradually and evenly scattered into the tray 5 as it rotates, completing the material spreading process. After being fully connected to the horizontal support plate 13 and descending with the conveyor belt 11, disengaging from the synchronous wheel 36, the synchronous wheel 36 and the material roller 34 stop rotating synchronously. The material in the arc-shaped collection trough 35 no longer falls outward. The material roller 34 starts and stops by relying on the moving power of the pallet 5, without the need for an additional motor to drive the material feeding mechanism. The material feeding in the arc-shaped collection trough 35 can ensure a uniform material layer and avoid the problem of anaerobic odor caused by excessive accumulation of material in some areas. The horizontal movement of the pallet 5 controls the start and stop of the material feeding, which can avoid continuous leakage of material and waste of material when there is no pallet 5.

[0036] To improve air circulation inside cabinet 1, for example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also includes multiple sets of through first through holes 37 on the partition plate 2, and a number of through second through holes 38 on the side wall of the cabinet 1; a plate filter 39 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cabinet 1 at the position corresponding to the second through holes 38, and an exhaust fan 40 is fixedly connected to the side of the plate filter 39 away from the cabinet 1.

[0037] During use, the exhaust fan 40 continuously draws out the gas inside the cabinet. The odorous airflow generated by the cultivation chamber 4 and the storage chamber 3 passes through the first through hole 37 of the partition plate 2 and the second through hole 38 on the side wall of the cabinet 1 in sequence. The airflow first passes through the plate filter 39 to intercept impurities and odor pollutants before being discharged outward. Continuous ventilation can improve the air circulation inside the cabinet 1, effectively reduce the accumulation of malodorous substances generated by anaerobic fermentation of garbage, and ensure the ventilation environment required for the growth of black soldier fly larvae.

[0038] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also includes a first cabinet door 41 and a second cabinet door 42 provided on the front side of the cabinet body 1. The first cabinet door 41 is connected to the lower part of the storage cavity 3; the second cabinet door 42 is connected to the upper part of the storage cavity 3; and a third cabinet door 43 connected to the cultivation cavity 4 is hinged to the side of the cabinet body 1.

[0039] When in use, opening the first cabinet door 41 allows for the inspection and maintenance of ventilation components such as the plate filter 39 and exhaust fan 40 inside the cabinet; opening the second cabinet door 42 enables the stacking and filling of trays 5 onto the upper part of the storage chamber 3; opening the third cabinet door 43 facilitates the removal and placement of the degraded trays 5 from the cultivation chamber 4.

[0040] A three-dimensional treatment method for kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, employing the aforementioned three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, specifically includes the following steps; S1: Pour the kitchen waste into the feed funnel 9 at the top of cabinet 1; S2: Place a set of pallets 5 on the support bracket 6, and stack the pallets 5 on the pallet support pin assembly; S3: Start the push component to move the tray 5 to the cultivation chamber 4 for horizontal transport; the cloth component operates to spread the kitchen waste in the feed funnel 9 evenly into the tray 5 through the cloth pipe 7; S4: When the tray 5 containing the kitchen waste is moved to the bottom of the feeding pipe 8, black soldier fly larvae are quantitatively added into the tray 5. S5: After the tray 5, which has completed the feeding and larval release, is transported to the support component of the belt tray 5, the support component of the belt tray 5 moves down, moving the tray 5 down one layer for storage and cultivation. S6: The belt pallet 5 support assembly moves downward, and the pallet pin assembly puts the bottom pallet 5 onto the support bracket 6; S7: Repeat steps S3 to S6; after the food waste in tray 5 has been completely degraded by the black soldier fly, remove tray 5 and separate the black soldier fly body from the residue.

[0041] When using this invention, the kitchen waste is first poured into the feeding funnel 9 at the top of the cabinet 1, and the kitchen waste will be temporarily stored in the cloth pipe 7; The drive motor 18 is started to operate the pushing component. The drive motor 18 drives the reciprocating screw 17 to rotate. The reciprocating screw 17 drives the sliding seat 16 to move horizontally forward along the guide groove 15 inside the guide shell 14. The L-shaped pusher plate 19 hinged to the sliding seat 16 pushes the tray 5 forward and moves it into the cultivation chamber 4. A limiting post 20 is provided on one side of the L-shaped pusher plate 19, which can limit the L-shaped pusher plate 19 from bending backward under force and ensure the stability of the pushing force. When the sliding seat 16 completes the pushing and retracts to reset, the L-shaped pusher plate 19 can contact the edge of the falling tray 5 and automatically swing downward to avoid it. There is no need for manual assistance to move the pusher plate. The tray 5 pushing process can run continuously and cyclically, improving the automation smoothness of the whole set of equipment. During the translation of tray 5 towards the cultivation stage, the top edge of tray 5 rolls into contact with the synchronous wheels 36 at both ends of the feeding roller 34. The friction of the moving tray 5 drives the synchronous wheels 36 and the feeding roller 34 to rotate synchronously. The arc-shaped material collection groove 35 on the outer periphery of the feeding roller 34 receives the material and spreads it evenly into the interior of tray 5. The feeding is driven by the tray 5 without the need for an additional feeding motor. The arc-shaped material collection groove 35 can control the thickness of the material layer, preventing the material from accumulating too thickly and causing anaerobic fermentation and emitting foul odors. After tray 5 is separated from the synchronous wheel 36, the feeding roller 34 stops rotating synchronously, avoiding continuous material leakage and waste when tray 5 is not in use. This optimizes the survival environment of black soldier fly larvae and improves the survival rate of larvae and the degradation effect of kitchen waste. The tray 5 is moved to a position below the feeding pipe 8 to release black soldier fly larvae. The two sides of the tray 5 overlap the horizontal support plate 13 of the conveyor belt 11. After the tray 5 is fully in place, the fixed shaft 21 coaxial with the reciprocating screw 17 drives the first drive gear 22 to transmit power through the input gear 24 and the reducer 23. The output shaft of the reducer 23 drives the sector gear 25 to rotate. When the sector gear 25 meshes with the second drive gear 26, it drives the worm gear 45 to rotate. The worm gear 45 meshes with the worm wheel 44 to drive the upper drive roller 12, which in turn drives the conveyor belt 11. The conveyor belt descends intermittently by one notch. The worm gear 45 and worm wheel 44 have reverse self-locking capability. After the sector tooth 25 disengages and loses power, the weight of the fully loaded pallet 5 cannot drive the conveyor belt 11 to slide down in the reverse direction. The spacing between each layer of pallets 5 remains uniform, and the ventilation environment of each layer of material is uniform. At the same time, the intermittent engagement of the sector tooth 25 only triggers the conveyor belt 11 to move down after the pallet 5 is in place. The timing of pushing and layered movement is completed by a purely mechanical structure. There is no need for position sensors and multiple independent drives, which simplifies the electrical control structure of the equipment and reduces production costs and failure probability. When pallet 5 is pushed to the designated workstation, it will squeeze the pressure plate 33 of the pressure cylinder 32 outside the cabinet 1. After the pressure plate 33 is compressed, the pressure cylinder 32 outputs hydraulic oil to two sets of hydraulic telescopic cylinders. The second hydraulic telescopic cylinder 28 starts with a lower pressure and will extend first, driving the pressure block 30 to insert into the gap between the bottom pallet 5 and the second bottom pallet 5. The guide slope 31 of the pressure block 30 can be smoothly embedded into the interlayer without jamming. After the pipeline pressure increases, the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder 27 retracts and retracts the horizontal support block 29. The bottom pallet 5 loses support and falls smoothly to the support bracket 6. The entire operation cycle of continuous tray 5 pushing, uniform material distribution, larvae release, layered downward movement of conveyor belt 11, and automatic tray replenishment is carried out. During operation, the exhaust fan 40 on the side wall of cabinet 1 continuously draws out odorous gases from the storage chamber 3 and the cultivation chamber 4. The airflow passes through the first through hole 37 of the partition plate 2 and the second through hole 38 of the cabinet 1 in sequence. After passing through the plate filter 39 to intercept odors and impurities, it is discharged outward. Continuous ventilation can reduce the accumulation of anaerobic odors in garbage, eliminate secondary pollution caused by the disposal of kitchen waste, and improve the on-site working environment. After the kitchen waste in tray 5 is completely degraded by the black soldier fly, the corresponding cabinet doors can be opened to carry out operations: opening the first cabinet door 41 allows for the inspection and maintenance of ventilation components such as the exhaust fan 40 and the plate filter 39; opening the second cabinet door 42 allows for the stacking and filling of empty trays 5 on the upper part of the storage chamber 3; opening the third cabinet door 43 facilitates the removal of the cultivated trays 5 and the separation of the black soldier fly bodies from the organic fertilizer residue; the three groups of independent cabinet doors correspond to the inspection, tray replenishment, and material retrieval processes respectively, and the various operations do not interfere with each other, making the daily operation and maintenance of the equipment and the loading and unloading operations convenient.

[0042] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, characterized in that, It includes a vertical cabinet (1), the interior of which is divided into a storage chamber (3) and a cultivation chamber (4) by a vertically fixed partition plate (2). The top of the storage chamber (3) is provided with vertically stacked trays (5). The upper inner side of the storage chamber (3) is provided with a tray (5) support pin assembly for supporting and placing the bottom tray (5). Below the tray (5) is a support bracket (6) for receiving the falling tray (5). Below the support bracket (6) is a pushing component for pushing the tray (5) on the support bracket (6) towards the cultivation chamber (4). The cultivation chamber (4) is vertically equipped with a feeding pipe (7) for feeding kitchen waste and a feeding pipe (8) for feeding black soldier fly larvae. The top of the cabinet (1) is equipped with a feeding funnel (9) that is connected to the feeding pipe (7). The cultivation chamber (4) is equipped with a belt tray (5) support component on both sides. The belt tray (5) support component descends intermittently, driving the tray (5) after feeding and insect feeding to move down layer by layer.

2. The three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The belt tray (5) support assembly includes a mounting shell (10) fixedly installed on both sides of the cabinet (1) and a conveyor belt (11) vertically installed inside the mounting shell (10). The mounting shell (10) is connected to the incubation chamber (4). The upper and lower ends of the inner side of the conveyor belt (11) are provided with drive rollers (12) that are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the mounting shell (10). Several sets of horizontal support plates (13) are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the conveyor belt (11) and are fixedly connected to the conveyor belt (11); when the tray (5) moves horizontally to the incubation chamber (4), the edge of the tray (5) overlaps above the support plate (13) to complete the bearing.

3. The three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pushing component includes guide shells (14) fixed to the front and rear sides of the cabinet (1), and a horizontal guide groove (15) communicating with the storage cavity (3) is provided inside the guide shell (14). A sliding seat (16) is slidably connected inside the guide groove (15). A threaded hole is opened in the middle of the sliding seat (16). A reciprocating screw (17) is horizontally arranged inside the guide shell (14). The reciprocating screw (17) is threadedly engaged with the sliding seat (16). One end of the reciprocating screw (17) passes through the guide shell (14) and is fixedly connected to the drive motor (18). The drive motor (18) is fixedly connected to the end of the guide shell (14). An L-shaped pusher plate (19) is hinged to the outside of the sliding seat (16) through a hinge shaft. The initial position of the L-shaped pusher plate (19) is located below the side of the tray (5) away from the cultivation cavity (4). A limiting post (20) fixedly connected to the sliding seat (16) is provided on the side of the L-shaped pusher plate (19) away from the cultivation cavity (4).

4. The three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end of the reciprocating screw (17) is coaxially fixedly connected to the fixed shaft (21). One end of the fixed shaft (21) passes through the guide shell (14) and the mounting shell (10) in sequence and is fixedly connected to the first drive gear (22). The cabinet (1) is fixedly connected to the outside of the reducer (23). The input shaft of the reducer (23) is fixedly connected to the input gear (24) that meshes with the first drive gear (22). The output shaft of the reducer (23) is fixedly installed with the sector tooth (25). The roller shaft of the upper drive roller (12) passes through the mounting shell (10) and is fixedly installed with the worm gear (44). The worm gear (44) meshes with the worm (45) above it. The end of the worm gear (45) is fixedly connected to the second drive gear (26) that meshes with the sector tooth (25). The end of the worm gear (45) is rotatably connected to the bracket (46). The bracket (46) is fixedly connected to the reducer (23).

5. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pallet (5) support pin assembly includes two sets of first hydraulic telescopic cylinders (27) and two sets of second hydraulic telescopic cylinders (28) symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the upper part of the storage cavity (3). The second hydraulic telescopic cylinders (28) are located above the first hydraulic telescopic cylinders (27). A horizontal support block (29) is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder (27), and a pressing block (30) is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder (28). A guide slope (31) is provided on the upper surface of the pressing block (30). Both the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder (27) and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder (28) are connected to the pressure supply component through pipelines. The starting pressure of the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder (27) is greater than that of the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder (28). The pressure supply component and the transversely moved tray (5) press against the tray (5) support pin component to supply pressure. The first hydraulic telescopic cylinder (27) extends in the initial state and retracts after pressure supply. The second hydraulic telescopic cylinder (28) is initially in the retracted state and extends after pressure supply, inserting the extrusion block (30) between the bottom tray (5) and the second bottom tray (5).

6. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies according to claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure supply assembly includes multiple pressure supply cylinders (32) installed on the outer wall of the cabinet (1). The piston rod end of the pressure supply cylinder (32) passes through the cabinet (1) and is fixed to a horizontally arranged extrusion plate (33). The extrusion plate (33) corresponds to the conveying path of the tray (5). The pressure supply cylinder (32) is connected to the first hydraulic telescopic cylinder (27) and the second hydraulic telescopic cylinder (28) through hydraulic pipelines.

7. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner bottom of the feeding tube (7) is provided with a feeding roller (34), and multiple sets of arc-shaped material collection grooves (35) are opened on the outer wall of the feeding roller (34) along the circumference. The two ends of the feeding roller (34) are fixedly connected to the roller shaft, which passes through the outer side of the feeding tube (7) and is fixedly connected to the synchronous wheel (36). The synchronous wheel (36) corresponds to the conveying path of the tray (5). During the process of the tray (5) moving towards the cultivation chamber (4), the top edge of the tray (5) rolls in contact with the synchronous wheel (36).

8. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies according to claim 7, characterized in that, Multiple through holes (37) are opened on the partition plate (2), and several through holes (38) are opened on the side wall of the cabinet (1). A plate filter (39) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cabinet (1) at the position corresponding to the second through hole (38). An exhaust fan (40) is fixedly connected to the side of the plate filter (39) away from the cabinet (1).

9. A three-dimensional device for treating kitchen waste using black soldier flies according to claim 8, characterized in that, The front side of the cabinet (1) is provided with a first cabinet door (41) and a second cabinet door (42). The first cabinet door (41) is connected to the lower part of the storage cavity (3); the second cabinet door (42) is connected to the upper part of the storage cavity (3); the side of the cabinet (1) is hinged to a third cabinet door (43) that is connected to the cultivation cavity (4).

10. A three-dimensional treatment method for kitchen food waste using black soldier flies, characterized in that, The three-dimensional device for treating kitchen food waste using black soldier flies as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 specifically includes the following steps; S1: Pour the kitchen waste into the feed funnel (9) at the top of the cabinet (1); S2: Place a set of pallets (5) on the support bracket (6) and stack the pallets (5) on the pallet (5) support pin assembly. S3: Start the push component to push the tray (5) to move and transport it to the cultivation chamber (4); the cloth component operates to spread the kitchen waste in the feed funnel (9) evenly into the tray (5) through the cloth pipe (7); S4: When the tray (5) containing the kitchen waste is moved to the bottom of the feeding pipe (8), black soldier fly larvae are quantitatively added into the tray (5); S5: After the tray (5) containing the larvae has been laid and placed, it is transported to the top of the support component of the belt tray (5). The support component of the belt tray (5) moves down and the tray (5) is moved down one layer for storage and cultivation. S6: The belt pallet (5) support assembly moves downward, and the pallet (5) support pin assembly puts the bottom pallet (5) onto the support bracket (6); S7: Repeat steps S3 to S6; after the kitchen waste in the tray (5) has been completely degraded by the black soldier fly, remove the tray (5) and separate the black soldier fly body from the residue.

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