Steel structure butt welding adjusting device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of steel structure butt welding adjusting device, including base and first bearing seat and second bearing seat being set on base along longitudinal direction. Three-way adjusting mechanism is arranged between each bearing seat and base, for driving bearing seat to independently displace along vertical, horizontal and longitudinal direction;Each bearing seat is provided with clamping assembly, and clamping assembly includes two oppositely arranged clamping arms and the bidirectional screw rod for driving synchronous movement thereof;Each clamping arm end is connected with self-adapting clamping head by ball hinge, and self-adapting clamping head can deflect around ball hinge to fit the outer surface of steel member;Locking mechanism is arranged on three-way adjusting mechanism. The application realizes three-way orthogonal decoupling adjustment and self-adapting fitting clamping, reduces contact stress, and effectively prevents welding thermal deviation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel structure construction and welding fixture technology, specifically to a steel structure butt welding adjustment device for precise positioning, adaptive clamping and attitude locking of steel components such as large steel beams, steel columns and steel pipe piles before on-site butt welding. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of large-scale steel structure projects such as super high-rise buildings, large-span stadiums, cross-sea bridges, and offshore oil platforms, the on-site butt welding of components such as steel beams, steel columns, box columns, and steel pipe piles is a core process that determines the overall load-bearing capacity, seismic performance, and safe service life of the structure. Butt welds typically require meeting the Class I full penetration weld quality standard in the national standard "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Steel Structures" (GB 50205-2020) (e.g., the misalignment must meet the acceptance limit requirement of Δ≤0.1t and ≤2.0 mm, where t is the thickness of the thinner base material). In high-standard welding procedure specifications (WPS) and practical engineering of major projects, the requirements for pre-weld butt alignment accuracy are even more stringent, typically requiring the misalignment to be controlled within 1.0 mm, and the root butt gap to be uniformly maintained within the set process range of 2.0 mm to 6.0 mm.

[0003] In existing technologies, on-site connection and adjustment of large steel components mainly rely on simple tools such as jacks, hand-operated hoists, crowbars, wedges, and temporary support plates, combined with manual string lines or magnetic plumb bobs. The aforementioned traditional connection methods have the following extremely significant technical drawbacks: First, the coupling between multiple degrees of freedom makes it difficult to maintain stable control over centering accuracy. Large steel components typically weigh between 5 and 30 tons, and traditional simple tools lack independent, precise translational and rotational adjustment mechanisms across multiple axes. According to kinematic constraints, when adjusting vertical height differences, the presence of gravity and guiding friction easily leads to undesirable lateral coupling displacements in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. This mechanical coupling between degrees of freedom necessitates repeated multi-axial prying and iterative corrections during on-site operations, making the centering process cumbersome and the misalignment difficult to consistently control within 1.0 mm.

[0004] Secondly, rigid clamps make point / line contact with irregularly shaped surfaces, resulting in excessive local Hertzian stress. Steel components in building construction have diverse cross-sectional shapes, including I-shaped flanges, curved circular tube surfaces, and box-shaped angles. Traditional welding clamps are mostly rigid structures, lacking adaptive deflection capabilities. According to the Hertzian Contact Stress theory, when a rigid planar clamp contacts a curved surface or inclined flange, the contact area is only theoretically line contact or point contact, with a very small contact surface. Under clamping forces of several tons, the local contact compressive stress can easily exceed the yield strength limit (345MPa) of the steel (such as Q345B), leading to permanent local indentations on the surface of the component's base material. Simultaneously, the frictional constraint of point / line contact is insufficient, making relative slippage highly likely under heavy welding loads.

[0005] Third, the lack of a locking mechanism makes it easy for welding thermal stress and vibration to cause secondary posture deviation. During the butt welding and full seam welding of steel components, the uneven heat input generated by the electric arc will produce huge local thermal expansion and cooling contraction stress in the weld area. Combined with the mechanical vibration during the welding process, it is very easy for the already calibrated locking mechanism to loosen, causing the posture that has been adjusted before welding to shift again.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a steel structure butt welding adjustment device that can achieve independent decoupling adjustment in multiple spatial directions, automatically fit various complex cross-sectional shapes to reduce contact stress, and has rigid anti-loosening locking capability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a steel structure butt welding adjustment device to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as multi-axis coupling in steel component butt welding adjustment, excessive contact stress of rigid clamps that easily damages the base material, and easy loosening and displacement of the locking mechanism during welding.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A steel structure butt welding adjustment device includes a base, on which a first bearing seat and a second bearing seat are longitudinally spaced, each bearing seat supporting two steel components to be butt welded. A three-way adjustment mechanism is provided between each bearing seat and the base, driving the corresponding bearing seat to move independently vertically, laterally, and longitudinally. Each bearing seat is equipped with a clamping assembly, including two opposing clamping arms and a bidirectional lead screw that drives the two clamping arms to move synchronously towards or away from each other. The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw have a first threaded section and a second threaded section with opposite directions of rotation. Each clamping arm is connected to an adaptive clamping head via a ball joint, the adaptive clamping head being able to freely deflect around the center of the ball joint to conform to the outer surface of the steel component to be clamped. A locking mechanism is provided in each adjustment direction of the three-way adjustment mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, the three-way adjustment mechanism includes a vertical adjustment component, a horizontal adjustment component, and a longitudinal adjustment component arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the vertical adjustment component is disposed on the base, the horizontal adjustment component is disposed at the lifting output end of the vertical adjustment component, the longitudinal adjustment component is disposed at the translation output end of the horizontal adjustment component, and the corresponding support seat is fixed on the translation output end of the longitudinal adjustment component.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical adjustment assembly includes at least two guide columns fixed to the base, a lifting platform slidably sleeved on the guide columns, and a vertical screw pair for driving the lifting platform to move up and down along the guide columns; the horizontal adjustment assembly is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting platform; the horizontal adjustment assembly includes a horizontal slide block, a horizontal guide rail disposed within the horizontal slide block, a horizontal slide block slidably disposed on the horizontal guide rail, and a horizontal screw for driving the horizontal slide block to translate; the longitudinal adjustment assembly is disposed on the horizontal slide block, and the longitudinal adjustment assembly includes a longitudinal slide block, a longitudinal guide rail disposed within the longitudinal slide block, a longitudinal slide block slidably disposed on the longitudinal guide rail, and a longitudinal screw for driving the longitudinal slide block to translate.

[0011] Furthermore, the ball joint includes a ball head fixed to the end of the clamping arm and a ball head that spherically engages with the ball head. The ball head is fixedly connected to the adaptive clamping head. The opening edge of the ball head is provided with an annular conical limiting lip, which limits the deflection angle of the adaptive clamping head around the ball joint to a range of -15° to +15°.

[0012] Furthermore, a T-shaped quick-change groove is provided on the side of the adaptive clamping head near the steel component to be clamped. A clamping pad is detachably installed in the T-shaped quick-change groove. The clamping surface of the clamping pad is one of a plane, a V-shaped surface, or an L-shaped surface, and is fixed in the T-shaped quick-change groove by a positioning bolt.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes locking nuts respectively disposed at the ends of the vertical lead screw pair, the horizontal lead screw and the longitudinal lead screw, and an anti-loosening ratchet that cooperates with the locking nuts; the anti-loosening ratchet includes a pawl hinged to the side of the locking nut and a torsion spring sleeved on the hinge shaft to apply a preload, and the pawl is engaged in a coaxial ratchet disc fixedly connected to the corresponding fixing component under the action of the torsion spring.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the base is provided with retractable wheels and adjustable leveling legs. When the leveling legs are extended to the working position, the wheels are lifted off the ground.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: First, the three-dimensional motion is orthogonally decoupled, eliminating parasitic displacement. This invention uses a bottom-up, orthogonally connected series layout of vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal adjustment components to map the Z-axis height adjustment, Y-axis lateral misalignment adjustment, and X-axis longitudinal alignment gap control into three independent one-dimensional linear motions. In terms of force derivation, the sliders in each axis are rigidly constrained by high-precision linear guides, eliminating parasitic displacements in other axes during unidirectional adjustment, thus achieving decoupled control of the alignment process.

[0016] Secondly, the ball joint's adaptive three-dimensional deflection effectively reduces contact compressive stress. The end of the clamping arm is connected to an adaptive clamping head via a ball joint, giving the clamping head a spatial angular displacement adaptive capability of ±15°. When the bidirectional lead screw applies clamping force, the clamping head automatically deflects around the center of the ball joint under the action of surface contact torque, ensuring its contact surface completely matches the irregular outer surface of the component to be clamped (such as the inclined surface of an H-beam flange, the arc surface of a circular tube, etc.). This surface contact mechanism significantly increases the effective force-bearing area, reducing contact compressive stress by more than an order of magnitude under the same clamping force, preventing local stress concentration from exceeding the material's yield limit, and preventing damage to the base material from indentation.

[0017] Third, the bidirectional synchronous clamping and ratchet mechanical locking ensure the stability of the welding posture. The bidirectional lead screw uses opposite threads to achieve equidistant, opposite-direction movement of the clamping arms on both sides with a symmetrical center line as the reference, automatically aligning with the geometric center of the component. The tail end of the three-way adjusting lead screw is equipped with a mechanical self-locking mechanism consisting of a locking nut and an anti-loosening ratchet. Under the hard interference of the torsion spring preloaded pawl and ratchet disc, it can effectively prevent the reverse rotation of the threads caused by welding thermal expansion stress and high-frequency vibration, ensuring the stability of the posture throughout the welding process.

[0018] Fourth, the three-way decoupling adjustment, ball joint adaptive clamping, and ratchet anti-loosening locking form a powerful technical synergy: the decoupling adjustment ensures fast and accurate centering, the adaptive clamping ensures stable surface contact of the centering reference and no damage to the base material, and the ratchet locking ensures zero deviation of the precise posture under welding thermal shock. The three work together to achieve the overall technical effect of high precision, no damage, and high stability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the AA half-section structure of the three-way adjustment mechanism; Figure 3 This is a top view of the clamping assembly. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the principle of adaptive clamping head deflection and fitting to steel components with different cross-sections. (a) shows the fitting to a flat surface, (b) shows the fitting to the arc surface of a circular tube, and (c) shows the fitting to an inclined surface.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Base; 11-Walking wheel; 12-Leveling support leg; 2-First bearing seat; 3-Second bearing seat; 4-Three-way adjustment mechanism; 41-Vertical adjustment component; 411-Guide column; 412-Lifting platform; 413-Vertical lead screw pair; 42-Horizontal adjustment component; 421-Horizontal slide; 422-Horizontal lead screw; 423-Horizontal slide; 43-Longitudinal adjustment component; 431-Longitudinal slide; 432-Longitudinal lead screw; 433-Longitudinal slide; 5-Clamping component; 51-Clamping arm; 52-Two-way lead screw; 53-Spherical hinge; 54-Adaptive clamping head; 55-Clamping pad; 6-Locking mechanism; 61-Locking nut; 62-Anti-loosening ratchet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this application by those skilled in the art, the directional terms used in this application are uniformly defined and defined as follows: Define the longitudinal direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) as the direction of the extension of the axis of the steel components to be connected; The horizontal direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction) is defined as the direction perpendicular to the vertical direction on a horizontal plane; The vertical direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction) is defined as a vertical direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane; The orientations or positional relationships such as "front, back, left, right, up, down, longitudinal, lateral, and vertical" mentioned in this application specification and claims are all determined based on the aforementioned three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system.

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, engineering mechanical parameters, and test data.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] Combination Figures 1 to 4 This embodiment provides a steel structure butt welding adjustment device, which is mainly used for the precise butt welding of large steel components with a tonnage ranging from 5 tons to 30 tons on site.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 The device includes a base 1, a first bearing seat 2, a second bearing seat 3, a three-way adjustment mechanism 4, a clamping assembly 5, and a locking mechanism 6. An angle fine-tuning mechanism can also be selectively added between the bearing seats and the longitudinal slide 433 to correct the torsional and pitch deviations of the steel component. The angle fine-tuning mechanism includes a horizontal turntable rotatably connected to the bearing seats (for fine-tuning the deflection angle ±3° around the vertical axis) and a pitch adjustment seat mounted on the horizontal turntable (for fine-tuning the pitch angle ±3° around the transverse axis).

[0026] The base 1 is a rectangular frame welded from Q345B steel, measuring 3500mm in length, 1500mm in width, and 350mm in height. Four wheels 11 and hydraulically driven leveling legs 12 are located at the bottom corners of the base 1. The bottom of each leveling leg 12 is connected to a spherical universal foot via ball pins. During relocation, the leveling legs 12 retract, and the wheels 11 touch the ground; after positioning, the leveling legs 12 extend to lift the wheels 11 off the ground, and the overall levelness of the base 1 is adjusted to within 0.1mm / m using an electronic level on the base 1.

[0027] The upper surface of the base 1 is provided with a first support seat 2 and a second support seat 3 spaced apart along the longitudinal direction (X-axis). Each of the first support seat 2 and the second support seat 3 is independently provided with a three-way adjustment mechanism 4 between itself and the base 1.

[0028] Combination Figure 2 The three-way adjustment mechanism 4 includes a vertical adjustment component 41, a horizontal adjustment component 42, and a longitudinal adjustment component 43, which are stacked and connected in series from bottom to top.

[0029] The vertical adjustment assembly 41 includes four parallel guide columns 411 (40Cr quenched and chrome-plated, outer diameter Φ70mm) vertically fixed to the upper surface of the base 1, a lifting platform 412 slidably sleeved on the guide columns 411, and a vertical lead screw pair 413 (Tr45×8 trapezoidal lead screw). Rotating the vertical lead screw pair 413 drives the lifting platform 412 to rise and fall along the guide columns 411, with a stroke of 0-200mm. The ratchet disc corresponding to the vertical lead screw pair 413 is coaxially fixed to the outer wall of the central bearing seat of the base 1, forming a unified unidirectional locking logic of "stationary ratchet disc + rotating nut with pawl" with the transverse and longitudinal locking mechanisms.

[0030] Lateral adjustment assembly 42: A lateral slide block 421 is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting platform 412, and a lateral guide rail is provided inside the lateral slide block 421. A lateral slide table 423 is slidably mounted on the lateral guide rail. A lateral lead screw 422 (Tr30×6) drives the lateral slide table 423 to translate along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the steel component (Y-axis), with a stroke of ±60mm.

[0031] Longitudinal adjustment component 43: Longitudinal slide 431 is fixed to the upper surface of transverse slide 423, and longitudinal guide rail is provided inside longitudinal slide 431. Longitudinal slide 433 is slidably mounted on longitudinal guide rail, and longitudinal lead screw 432 drives longitudinal slide 433 to translate along the axial direction (X-axis) of the steel component, with a stroke of 0-50mm. First bearing seat 2 is fixed to the top of longitudinal slide 433.

[0032] Combination Figure 3 Both the first support 2 and the second support 3 are equipped with clamping assemblies 5 on their tops. Each clamping assembly 5 includes two opposing clamping arms 51 and a bidirectional lead screw 52 (40Cr quenched and tempered steel) that horizontally passes through the bottom of the two clamping arms 51. The left half of the bidirectional lead screw 52 has a left-hand thread, and the right half has a right-hand thread, both with a pitch of 6mm. A guide rod to prevent rotation of the optical axis is positioned parallel to the bidirectional lead screw 52. Rotating the bidirectional lead screw 52 drives the two clamping arms 51 to move synchronously in opposite directions or in opposite directions, with a clamping range of 200mm to 1000mm.

[0033] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 Each clamping arm 51 has an adaptive clamping head 54 connected to its top end via a ball joint 53. The ball joint 53 includes a ball head seat and a GCr15 bearing steel ball head embedded therein. The opening edge of the ball head seat is machined with an annular conical limiting lip, which mechanically restricts the adaptive clamping head 54 from freely deflecting within a range of -15° to +15° around the center of the ball joint 53. A T-shaped quick-change groove is provided on the side of the adaptive clamping head 54 near the steel component. A clamping pad 55 is detachably installed in the T-shaped quick-change groove by being locked with a countersunk positioning bolt.

[0034] Reference Figure 4 (a) When clamping the H-shaped steel flange, the flat clamping pad 55 is completely in contact with the flange plane (deflection angle 0°). Reference Figure 4 (b) When clamping a Φ600mm round steel column, replace the V-shaped clamping pad 55 with the self-adaptive clamping head 54, which deflects upward by 12.5° around the ball joint 53 to fit the tangent of the outer wall of the round tube. Reference Figure 4 (c) When clamping the corner of the box beam with the inclined surface, the adaptive clamping head 54 deflects downward by 10° around the ball joint 53 to fit the inclined surface.

[0035] Combination Figure 2The locking mechanism 6 includes a locking nut 61 respectively fitted onto the threads of the vertical lead screw pair 413, the horizontal lead screw 422, and the longitudinal lead screw 432, and an anti-loosening ratchet 62 hinged to the side of the locking nut 61. The anti-loosening ratchet 62 includes a pawl and a torsion spring fitted onto the hinge shaft. The torsion spring constantly applies a preload force to the pawl in the direction of the lead screw axis, causing the pawl to automatically engage in the coaxial ratchet disc fixed to the side wall of the corresponding fixing component, forming a one-way mechanical hard interference locking; the pawl can be unlocked by manually moving the pawl handle to overcome the torsion spring force.

[0036] Actual measurement comparison experiment example To verify the technical effect of the present invention, the device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention (experimental group) and the traditional "hand-operated hoist + jack + rigid plate clamp" (comparison group) were used to conduct comparative tests on the connection and adjustment of steel components under the same experimental site conditions.

[0037] Test conditions: Specifications of the steel components to be connected: Q345B steel pipe columns with an outer diameter of Φ610mm, a wall thickness of 20mm, a single length of 6000mm, and a single weight of approximately 17.5 tons.

[0038] Initial preset deviations: vertical height difference 15.0mm, horizontal misalignment 20.0mm to the left, and butt joint gap deviation 8.0mm (target process gap set at 4.0mm).

[0039] Measurement tools: 3D laser scanner (measurement accuracy ±0.05mm) and piezoresistive thin film stress sensor array.

[0040] The following table compares the test items with the measured data:

[0041] Analysis of the above measured data shows that: Regarding centering accuracy and efficiency: The experimental group of this invention utilizes the orthogonally decoupled three-axis adjustment mechanism 4 to eliminate the coupling interference of one-axis adjustment on other axes, reducing the centering adjustment time from 185 minutes in the control group to 22 minutes; the residual misalignment is precisely controlled from 1.45mm to 0.18mm (far superior to the national standard GB 50205-2020 upper limit of 2.0mm and the on-site WPS process requirement of 1.0mm).

[0042] Regarding contact stress and base material protection: For Φ610mm circular pipe components, the rigid clamps in the comparison group showed near-line contact (contact area only 4.2). The local compressive stress reached as high as 382.5 MPa, exceeding the yield strength of Q345B steel, resulting in local indentations and depressions on the pipe wall. In contrast, the clamping head 54 of this invention adaptively deflects 12.5° around the ball joint 53, and, in conjunction with the V-shaped clamping pad 55, achieves a large-area fit (with a force-bearing area of ​​185.0 mm). This drastically reduced the maximum compressive stress to 28.4 MPa (only 8.2% of the yield strength), completely eliminating the risk of damage to the base material.

[0043] Regarding the stability of the welding process: Under the thermal stress of the electric arc and mechanical vibration, the locking preload torque of the comparison group decreased to 62.5%, resulting in a welding thermal offset of 1.12mm; while the present invention achieves a torque retention rate of 99.2% through the mechanical hard interference self-locking of the locking nut 61 and the anti-loosening ratchet 62 preloaded by the torsion spring, and the thermal offset of the entire welding process is only 0.03mm, ensuring the stability of the posture.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment combines Figures 1 to 4 The specific operation and workflow of the above-mentioned steel structure butt welding adjustment device are explained below: First, perform on-site relocation and automatic leveling: tow the device to the steel structure docking construction position. Activate the hydraulic system, extend the leveling legs 12, and lift the traveling wheels 11 off the ground. Observe the electronic level and fine-tune the height of the four leveling legs 12 to ensure the base 1 is level.

[0046] Next, the components are hoisted and self-adaptive clamped: Using a tower crane, the first steel component (e.g., an H-beam) and the second steel component to be connected are hoisted into the clamping areas of the first bearing seat 2 and the second bearing seat 3, respectively. Planar clamping pads 55 are selected according to the component cross-section. A socket wrench is used to manually rotate the double-acting screw 52, ​​causing the two clamping arms 51 to move towards each other synchronously. When the self-adaptive clamping head 54 contacts the outer wall of the steel component flange, the clamping head automatically deflects around the ball joint 53 to finely adjust the angle, ensuring that the clamping pads 55 fit tightly against the flange over a large area. The double-acting screw 52 is then tightened to the predetermined torque (150 N·m), completing the self-adaptive centering clamping of the component ends.

[0047] Then, a three-dimensional high-precision alignment adjustment is performed: a laser alignment instrument is used to measure the vertical height difference, lateral misalignment, and longitudinal gap at the joint of the two steel components. First, the vertical lead screw pair 413 is rotated to drive the lifting platform 412 to rise or fall, eliminating the Z-axis height difference; then, the lateral lead screw 422 is rotated to drive the lateral slide 423 to translate, eliminating the Y-axis misalignment; finally, the longitudinal lead screw 432 is rotated to drive the longitudinal slide 433 to move slightly, precisely controlling the X-axis joint gap to 4.0mm. The entire three-dimensional adjustment process is independent of each other, takes only 15 minutes, and reduces the alignment misalignment to within 0.2mm.

[0048] Subsequently, multi-axis locking and tack welding are performed: After alignment, the locking nuts 61 at the ends of the vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal lead screws are tightened, and the anti-loosening ratchet 62 is engaged to lock them in place, allowing the locking device to move freely in all directions. Welders then perform symmetrical spot welding around the butt joint of the two steel components for positioning.

[0049] Finally, full-seam welding and unloading are performed: After the tack welding is completed, the welder performs full-penetration weld according to standard welding procedures. During the full-seam welding process, the locking mechanism 6 and the ball joint adaptive clamping head 54 strongly maintain the component's posture, effectively offsetting the thermal expansion stress and contraction force caused by the local high temperature of the electric arc. After welding, the measured misalignment did not show any secondary shift. After welding is completed and the weld has cooled, the anti-loosening ratchet 62 and locking nut 61 are loosened, the bidirectional screw 52 is rotated in the opposite direction to release the clamping arm 51, and the leveling support leg 12 is retracted, completing one docking adjustment operation.

[0050] The above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel structure butt welding adjustment device, comprising a base (1), wherein a first bearing seat (2) and a second bearing seat (3) are longitudinally spaced on the base (1), the first bearing seat (2) and the second bearing seat (3) being respectively used to support two steel components to be butt welded; characterized in that: Each of the bearing seats is provided with a three-way adjustment mechanism (4) between it and the base (1). The three-way adjustment mechanism (4) is used to drive the corresponding bearing seat to move independently in the vertical, horizontal and longitudinal directions. Each of the bearing seats is provided with a clamping assembly (5), the clamping assembly (5) includes two clamping arms (51) arranged opposite to each other and a bidirectional lead screw (52) that drives the two clamping arms (51) to move synchronously towards each other or away from each other. The two ends of the bidirectional lead screw (52) have a first thread section and a second thread section with opposite directions of rotation. Each of the clamping arms (51) is connected at its end to an adaptive clamping head (54) via a ball joint (53). The adaptive clamping head (54) is able to freely deflect around the center of the ball joint (53) to fit the outer surface of the steel component to be clamped. The three-way adjustment mechanism (4) is equipped with a locking mechanism (6) in each adjustment direction.

2. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-way adjustment mechanism (4) includes a vertical adjustment component (41), a horizontal adjustment component (42), and a longitudinal adjustment component (43) arranged sequentially from bottom to top; the vertical adjustment component (41) is disposed on the base (1), the horizontal adjustment component (42) is disposed at the lifting output end of the vertical adjustment component (41), the longitudinal adjustment component (43) is disposed at the translation output end of the horizontal adjustment component (42), and the corresponding support seat is fixed on the translation output end of the longitudinal adjustment component (43).

3. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical adjustment assembly (41) includes at least two guide columns (411) fixed to the base (1), a lifting platform (412) slidably sleeved on the guide columns (411), and a vertical lead screw pair (413) for driving the lifting platform (412) to rise and fall along the guide columns (411); the horizontal adjustment assembly (42) is fixed to the upper surface of the lifting platform (412); the horizontal adjustment assembly (42) includes a horizontal slide (421) and a horizontal crossbar disposed within the horizontal slide (421). The transverse guide rail, the transverse slide (423) slidably disposed on the transverse guide rail, and the transverse lead screw (422) driving the transverse slide (423) to translate; the longitudinal adjustment component (43) is disposed on the transverse slide (423), and the longitudinal adjustment component (43) includes a longitudinal slide (431), a longitudinal guide rail disposed in the longitudinal slide (431), a longitudinal slide (433) slidably disposed on the longitudinal guide rail, and a longitudinal lead screw (432) driving the longitudinal slide (433) to translate.

4. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball joint (53) includes a ball head seat fixed to the end of the clamping arm (51) and a ball head that mates with the spherical surface of the ball head seat. The ball head is fixedly connected to the adaptive clamping head (54). The opening edge of the ball head seat is provided with an annular conical limiting lip, which limits the deflection angle of the adaptive clamping head (54) around the ball joint (53) to a range of -15° to +15°.

5. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive clamping head (54) has a T-shaped quick-change groove on one side of the steel component to be clamped. A clamping pad (55) is detachably installed in the T-shaped quick-change groove. The clamping surface of the clamping pad (55) is one of a plane, a V-shaped surface or an L-shaped surface, and is fixed in the T-shaped quick-change groove by a positioning bolt.

6. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The locking mechanism (6) includes a locking nut (61) respectively disposed at the ends of the vertical lead screw pair (413), the horizontal lead screw (422) and the longitudinal lead screw (432), and an anti-loosening ratchet (62) cooperating with the locking nut (61); the anti-loosening ratchet (62) includes a pawl hinged to the side of the locking nut (61) and a torsion spring sleeved on the hinge shaft to apply preload, and the pawl is engaged in the coaxial ratchet disc fixedly connected to the corresponding fixing component under the action of the torsion spring.

7. The steel structure butt welding adjustment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is provided with retractable walking wheels (11) and adjustable leveling legs (12) at the bottom. When the leveling legs (12) are extended to the working position, the walking wheels (11) are off the ground.

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