An engine cylinder head and cylinder block automatic assembly device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of engine cylinder head and cylinder block assembly, in particular to an automatic engine cylinder head and cylinder block assembly equipment, comprising a machine base; an assembly seat is fixedly connected to the machine base; first, the cylinder block is placed on the top of the assembly seat of the machine base, the servo motor drives two single gears to mesh and rotate, the double-threaded rod rotates, the two first clamping blocks are close to each other, and the cylinder block is fixed in the center of the top of the assembly seat according to the clamping of different cylinder block specifications, then the hoisting assembly hoists the engine cylinder head to the top of the cylinder block, completes the alignment and case combination, and then performs bolt locking; for different specifications of the cylinder head, the hoisting assembly can also be adjusted and matched in size to complete the grabbing and hoisting, solving the problem that the traditional fixed clamp is difficult to adapt to different size workpieces, compatible with the cylinder head and cylinder block assembly of multiple specifications of engines, improving the flexibility and adaptation range of the equipment, and at the same time, the central clamping ensures the accurate positioning of the cylinder block and reduces the alignment deviation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engine cylinder head and cylinder block assembly technology, specifically an automated engine cylinder head and cylinder block assembly device. Background Technology

[0002] An engine is a power device that converts the heat energy generated by fuel combustion into mechanical energy. The combustion and expansion of the combustible mixture in the cylinder drives the piston to reciprocate, and then the combustion is converted into rotational torque output through the connecting rod and crankshaft. Whether it is a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, its core working cycle cannot be separated from the four strokes of intake, compression, combustion and expansion and exhaust. It is the heart of many fields such as automobiles, ships and construction machinery.

[0003] When assembling a traditional engine cylinder head and cylinder block, the assembly process typically consists of core units such as an automated conveyor line, lifting fixtures, bolt tightening machines, and a leak testing platform. The assembly equipment first identifies the positions of the locating pins and oil holes on the cylinder block. Then, a robotic arm picks up the cylinder head, which already has the valves, camshafts, and other valve train components installed, and places it on top of the cylinder block. The assembly is then completed according to the process requirements of multi-layer metal gaskets. Next, a multi-axis linkage tightening machine applies the specified torque and angle to dozens of cylinder head bolts in a strict step-by-step and circle-by-circle sequence. Finally, a leak tester fills the oil passages and water jackets with helium to quickly determine the sealing quality of the mating surfaces.

[0004] In the assembly process of engine cylinder heads and cylinder blocks, traditional assembly equipment uses clamps to lift the cylinder head onto the cylinder block for assembly. The cylinder head is the component located above the cylinder in the engine, used to seal the cylinder and protect the cylinder port; the cylinder block is the main part of the engine containing the cylinder and crankcase. Traditional clamps are designed with a single specification. These clamps are used for assembling cylinder heads and cylinder blocks of specific specifications. However, because the specifications of the clamps are fixed, they are difficult to apply to the assembly of cylinder heads and cylinder blocks of different specifications. This limits the flexibility and adaptability of the assembly equipment, making it difficult for traditional assembly equipment to achieve universal and accurate assembly operations when facing the assembly of cylinder heads and cylinder blocks of various specifications.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides an automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: An automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder heads and blocks, comprising a base; an assembly seat fixedly connected to the base for supporting the engine cylinder block; a transmission assembly on the base, comprising a servo motor, a double-threaded rod, and single gears; the servo motor fixedly connected to the base to provide power for the clamping action; the double-threaded rod rotatably connected to the assembly seat, with the two threads on the double-threaded rod being arranged in opposite directions; two single gears respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor and the center of the double-threaded rod, and the two single gears being able to mesh and rotate; two first-order clamping blocks slidably connected to the base, and the two first-order clamping blocks are respectively threadedly connected to the two ends of the double-threaded rod, and when the double-threaded rod rotates, it drives the two first-order clamping blocks to move synchronously towards each other; a lifting assembly on the base, used to grip and lift the engine cylinder head and complete the alignment and assembly with the cylinder block.

[0008] Preferably, the lifting assembly includes a frame, an electric slide, an electric cylinder, a lifting plate, and a second clamping block; the frame is fixedly connected to the base and serves as the main support for the lifting assembly; the electric slide is slidably connected to the frame and can reciprocate along the longitudinal guide rail of the frame; the electric cylinder is fixedly connected to the electric slide with its output end facing downward; the lifting plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric cylinder and rises and falls with the extension and retraction of the electric cylinder; two second clamping blocks are slidably connected to the bottom of the lifting plate, and the two second clamping blocks are installed at the bottom of the lifting plate through a transmission assembly; a lifting platform is fixedly connected to the side of the base away from the assembly seat for temporarily storing the engine cylinder head to be assembled.

[0009] Preferably, a rack plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of one of the first clamping blocks; a double gear is rotatably connected to the assembly base, the double gear consists of two gears arranged coaxially, and the rack plate can mesh and rotate with the bottom gear of the double gear; two second rack plates are slidably connected to the assembly base, and both second rack plates can mesh and rotate with the top gear of the double gear; one end of each of the two second rack plates has a short side plate and a long side plate, and the short side plate and the long side plate are arranged opposite each other, and the top of the short side plate and the long side plate are provided with an inclined surface for centering and correcting the two ends of the cylinder.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of sliding rods are slidably connected to the first clamping block; a first elastic element is sleeved on the sliding rod, and the two ends of the first elastic element are respectively fixed to the outer wall of the sliding rod and the inner wall of the first clamping block; a clamping disc is fixed to the end of the sliding rod away from the first elastic element, and the clamping disc can adapt to the contour of the outer wall of the cylinder and flexibly fit and clamp.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of second elastic elements are fixedly connected to the internal cavity of the clamping disk; a first protrusion is slidably connected to the clamping disk near the center, and the first protrusion is fixedly connected to one end of the second elastic element; a plurality of second protrusions are slidably connected around the first protrusion on the inner side of the clamping disk, and each second protrusion is fixedly connected to the corresponding second elastic element, and the first and second protrusions can adapt to the uneven contour of the cylinder sidewall.

[0012] Preferably, the sliding rod has multiple limiting grooves evenly distributed along its axial direction. Two connecting plates are slidably connected inside the first clamping block, and the bottom cross-section of each connecting plate is trapezoidal, allowing the trapezoidal bottom to be inserted into the limiting grooves for locking. A straight connecting plate is fixedly connected between the two connecting plates. A third elastic element is fixedly connected between the connecting plate and the inner wall of the first clamping block. An electric slider is fixedly connected to the straight connecting plate, and the electric slider is slidably connected inside the first clamping block, enabling the straight connecting plate and the connecting plate to slide up and down to lock and unlock the sliding rod.

[0013] Preferably, a hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second clamping block; an anti-detachment plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder, and the anti-detachment plate is configured as an arc-shaped plate structure; two material picking racks are fixedly connected to the hoisting platform, and the top of the material picking racks is provided with an arc-shaped support groove to adapt to the bottom contour of the cylinder head; a hydraulic component is provided on the electric slide, and the hydraulic component is connected to the first hydraulic cylinder to drive the anti-detachment plate to extend and retract horizontally, so as to realize bottom protection and anti-detachment during the cylinder head hoisting process.

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic assembly includes a fixed plate, a second hydraulic cylinder, and a guide pipe; the two fixed plates are respectively fixed to both sides of the electric slide; the two second hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the lifting plate, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate; the guide pipe is fixed between the second hydraulic cylinder and the first hydraulic cylinder, and its two ends are respectively sealed and connected to the oil chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder and the oil chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder, so as to realize the delivery and return of hydraulic oil through the lifting and lowering linkage of the lifting plate.

[0015] Preferably, threaded seats are fixedly connected to both sides of the second clamping block, and multiple threaded holes are opened at the bottom of the threaded seats; a single threaded rod is threadedly connected to the bottom of the threaded seat, and the single threaded rod can match different threaded holes to adjust the installation position; an alignment cylinder is fixedly connected to the first clamping block, and the alignment cylinder is a hollow cylindrical structure; a horn cylinder is fixedly connected to the alignment cylinder, and the horn cylinder is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which is used to guide the single threaded rod to be inserted into the alignment cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, a fixing box is fixedly connected to one of the alignment cylinders; a sensor is fixedly connected inside the fixing box; an arc block is slidably connected inside the fixing box, with the arc-shaped end of the arc block facing the inside of the alignment cylinder; a No. 4 elastic element is fixedly connected between one side of the arc block and the inner wall of the fixing box. When the single threaded rod is inserted into the alignment cylinder, it squeezes the arc block to trigger the sensor, thereby realizing the automatic switching of the cylinder head lowering speed.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder heads and blocks described in this invention first places the cylinder block on top of the assembly base. The transmission component is activated, and a servo motor drives two single gears to mesh and rotate, causing a double-threaded rod to rotate. Since the threads of the double-threaded rod are opposite, the rotation causes two clamping blocks to move closer together, clamping them according to different cylinder block specifications. The cylinder block is then centered and fixed at the top center of the assembly base. Subsequently, a lifting component lifts the engine cylinder head above the cylinder block, completing the alignment and assembly. Bolts are then tightened, and the double-threaded rod is reversed to release the clamps. For cylinder heads of different specifications, the lifting component can be adjusted to match the dimensions to complete the gripping and lifting. This method solves the problem that traditional fixing fixtures are difficult to adapt to workpieces of different sizes, enabling the assembly of cylinder heads and blocks of multiple engine specifications on the same assembly line without the need to change special fixtures or production lines. This improves the equipment's flexibility and adaptability. Simultaneously, the centered clamping ensures accurate cylinder block positioning, reduces alignment deviations, and ensures high assembly yield and stability.

[0018] 2. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block of the present invention uses multiple sliding rods slidably mounted on a first clamping block, and relies on a first elastic element to pull, so that multiple clamping discs first fit against both sides of the cylinder block. As two first clamping blocks approach each other, the clamping pressure is more evenly distributed, reducing the possibility of damage and deformation of the cylinder block surface due to excessive local force. The second clamping block is also equipped with sliding rods and a first elastic element. At the same time, multiple independently sliding clamping discs can better adapt to the uneven contour of the cylinder block sidewall, enhance clamping friction and fit, prevent the cylinder block from sliding and misaligning during clamping, and ensure stable positioning. Overall, this design reduces the risk of clamping damage while improving the reliability of clamping and positioning. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial front view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the No. 2 rack plate structure in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding rod in this invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the No. 1 clamping block in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-detachment plate in this invention; Figure 7This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the fixing box in this invention. Figure 8 This is a front view of the hoisting plate in this invention; Figure 9 This is a front view of the long side plate in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the No. 2 clamping block in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide tube in this invention; Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the anti-detachment plate in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the double-threaded rod in this invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first rack plate in this invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the alignment cylinder in this invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the short side plate in this invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing box in this invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the double gear structure in this invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Base; 11. Assembly base; 12. Servo motor; 13. Double threaded rod; 14. Single gear; 15. No. 1 clamping block; 2. Frame; 21. Electric slide; 22. Electric cylinder; 23. Lifting plate; 24. No. 2 clamping block; 25. Lifting platform; 3. No. 1 rack plate; 31. Double gear; 32. No. 2 rack plate; 33. Short side plate; 34. Long side plate; 4. Sliding rod; 41. No. 1 elastic element; 42. Clamping 5. Disc; 6. No. 1 protrusion; 7. No. 2 protrusion; 8. Connecting plate; 9. Straight connecting plate; 10. No. 3 elastic element; 11. Electric slider; 12. No. 1 hydraulic cylinder; 13. Anti-detachment plate; 14. Material picking rack; 15. Fixing plate; 16. No. 2 hydraulic cylinder; 17. Guide tube; 18. Threaded seat; 19. Single threaded rod; 10. Alignment cylinder; 11. Horn cylinder; 12. Fixing box; 13. Sensor; 14. Arc block; 15. No. 4 elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, an automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block includes a base 1; an assembly seat 11 is fixedly connected to the base 1; a transmission assembly is provided on the base 1, the transmission assembly including a servo motor 12, a double-threaded rod 13, and a single gear 14; the servo motor 12 is fixedly connected to the base 1; the double-threaded rod 13 is rotatably connected to the assembly seat 11, and the two threads on the double-threaded rod 13 are arranged in opposite directions; the two single gears 14 are respectively fixedly connected to the output end of the servo motor 12 and the center of the double-threaded rod 13, and the two single gears 14 can mesh and rotate with each other; two clamping blocks 15 are slidably connected to the base 1, and the two clamping blocks 15 are respectively threadedly connected. At both ends of the double threaded rod 13; a lifting assembly is provided on the machine base 1, which is used to lift the engine cylinder head onto the cylinder block for assembly; when assembling the engine cylinder head and cylinder block, the cylinder block is first placed on the top of the assembly seat 11 on the machine base 1. The assembly seat 11 is made of high-rigidity cast iron and is integrally formed. The upper surface is ground to form a flat support reference, which can ensure the flatness and levelness of the cylinder block when it is placed, and reduce the subsequent alignment deviation caused by the error of the foundation plane; when placing the cylinder block, manual assistance can be used to load the material. The transmission assembly starts to operate, and then the output end of the servo motor 12 drives the two single gears 14 to mesh and rotate. The servo motor 12 is a high-precision AC servo motor with a position closed-loop control function, which can accurately control the output. The rotation angle and torque ensure the synchronization and positioning accuracy of the clamping action; the two single gears 14 are spur gears with matching modules and hardened tooth surfaces, ensuring smooth and uninterrupted transmission, so that the double threaded rod 13 connected to one of the single gears 14 rotates accordingly. The double threaded rod 13 is made of heat-treated material, with opposite thread directions and consistent pitch at both ends, ensuring that the moving distance of the first clamping blocks 15 on both sides is strictly equal and the movement is synchronized; because the double threads on the double threaded rod 13 are set in opposite directions, the rotation of the double threaded rod 13 can drive the two first clamping blocks 15 to move closer to each other. The bottom of the first clamping block 15 is slidably connected to the machine base 1 using a linear guide pair, which has low frictional resistance, high guiding accuracy, and no deviation or jamming during movement, according to the specifications of the engine cylinder block. The assembly can accommodate cylinder blocks of varying numbers, displacements, lengths, and widths. Two clamping blocks 15 can clamp the cylinder block from both sides to accommodate different specifications. The clamping stroke is infinitely adjustable within a preset range based on the cylinder block width, allowing for adaptation to multiple cylinder block sizes without replacing any structural components. The cylinder block is centered on the top center of the assembly base 11, with equal and opposite clamping forces on both sides, ensuring the cylinder block center always coincides with the assembly reference center. The engine cylinder head is then lifted onto the cylinder block using the lifting assembly, achieving accurate alignment and assembly. Subsequent bolt tightening can then proceed. The bolt tightening system can be integrated with a multi-axis automatic tightening system, tightening the bolts step-by-step according to a preset sequence, torque, and angle, ensuring uniform preload on the cylinder head bolts.The reverse rotation of the double threaded rod 13 can release the clamping of the two clamping blocks 15. When rotating in the reverse direction, the clamping blocks retract synchronously and the cylinder is released. The action is smooth and without impact, which makes it easy to unload the assembled workpiece or transfer it to the next station. When assembling and hoisting engine cylinder heads of different specifications, including cylinder heads with different numbers of cylinders, different profile dimensions, and different weight classes, the hoisting components can be adapted and adjusted. The clamping stroke, clamping spacing, and bottom anti-detachment position of the hoisting components can all be automatically adjusted according to the cylinder head specifications, eliminating the need to change the lifting fixtures. The equipment matches the size of the corresponding cylinder head for grabbing and hoisting. The hoisting process uses servo drive and electric cylinder lifting control, ensuring smooth start and stop, precise positioning, and reducing cylinder head impact damage. This solves the problem that traditional fixed-specification fixtures are difficult to adapt to the assembly of workpieces of different sizes. Traditional assembly lines typically use dedicated fixtures, with one set of fixtures for each specification. Changing specifications requires machine downtime for disassembly, assembly, and debugging, taking up to several hours, resulting in poor versatility and high changeover costs. This equipment can complete the assembly of multiple specifications of engine cylinder heads and cylinder blocks on the same assembly line. The equipment's compatibility range covers mainstream passenger car and light commercial vehicle engine specifications, enabling flexible multi-variety co-line production. It does not require different specifications for different... The replacement of dedicated fixtures and production lines eliminates the costs associated with designing, manufacturing, storing, and maintaining dedicated fixtures, reduces production line downtime during model changes, and significantly improves overall equipment utilization. It enhances equipment flexibility and adaptability, enabling rapid response to small-batch, multi-variety order production needs and shortening product delivery cycles. It lowers equipment costs for assembling multi-specification engines, with a single machine replacing multiple sets of dedicated tooling, reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the centered clamping positioning method ensures accurate cylinder block positioning during each assembly, eliminating issues like uneven loading and skewing caused by unilateral or non-centered clamping, resulting in high positioning consistency. It reduces alignment deviations, controlling cylinder head and cylinder block alignment errors to minimize defects such as poor sealing, misaligned bolts, and assembly stress caused by misalignment. It ensures high yield and stability in assembly, reduces rework and scrap rates, improves product consistency and reliability, and meets the requirements for high-volume, high-quality engine production.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 6As shown, the lifting assembly includes a frame 2, an electric slide 21, an electric cylinder 22, a lifting plate 23, and a second clamping block 24. The frame 2 is fixedly connected to the base 1. The electric slide 21 is slidably connected to the frame 2. The electric cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to the electric slide 21. The lifting plate 23 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric cylinder 22. Two second clamping blocks 24 are slidably connected to the bottom of the lifting plate 23, and the two second clamping blocks 24 are installed at the bottom of the lifting plate 23 through a transmission assembly. A lifting platform 25 is fixedly connected to the side of the base 1 away from the assembly seat 11. When lifting engine cylinder heads of different specifications, including cylinder heads for inline three-cylinder, four-cylinder, six-cylinder, and V-type cylinder blocks, cylinder heads of different lengths, widths, thicknesses, weights, and bottom contour structures, the following applies. The electric slide 21 slides on the frame 2, near the top of the lifting platform 25. The frame 2 is made of high-strength profile welded and aged, resulting in high overall rigidity and minimal deformation. High-precision linear guides are laid longitudinally on the frame 2, which, in conjunction with servo drive, drive the electric slide 21 to move smoothly back and forth, with no impact during start-up and stop and no jamming during operation. The cylinder head is placed on the lifting platform 25, which is made of high-strength steel plate welded and surface hardened. The cylinder head is manually placed at the preset position on the lifting platform 25 to achieve coarse positioning. The output end of the electric cylinder 22 drives the lifting plate 23, transmission components, and two second-order clamping blocks 24 to extend downwards. The electric cylinder 22 is a high-precision servo electric cylinder with closed-loop position control and overload protection functions, allowing for precise control of the lifting stroke and stable output thrust. The lifting plate 23 is designed to ensure smooth, stable, and impact-free lifting and lowering. The lifting plate 23 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which is lightweight and rigid. Under the action of the transmission components, the output of the servo motor 12 at the lifting plate 23 drives two single gears 14 to mesh and rotate. An independent servo motor 12 is configured on the lifting plate 23, with the same model and control precision as the servo motor at the machine base 1, enabling independent closed-loop control of the clamping action. The two single gears 14 are spur gears with high-frequency quenching of the tooth surface, high hardness, and good wear resistance. The meshing gap is extremely small, resulting in high transmission efficiency and low operating noise. This causes the double threaded rod 13 connected to one of the single gears 14 to rotate accordingly. The double threaded rod 13 at the bottom of the lifting plate 23 and the double threaded rod at the machine base 1 are connected in series. Made of the same material and with the same processing technology, the threads at both ends have opposite directions and the same pitch, ensuring that the movement stroke of the second clamping blocks 24 on both sides is strictly synchronized and the displacement is equal; because the double threads on the double threaded rod 13 are set in opposite directions, the double threaded rod 13 at the bottom of the lifting plate 23 rotates, which can drive the two second clamping blocks 24 to move closer to each other and clamp the two sides of the cylinder head in the center. During the clamping process, the clamping force on both sides is balanced and symmetrical, so that the center of the cylinder head is precisely aligned with the lifting reference center; the clamping stroke can be steplessly adjusted within a preset range to adapt to changes in the width of the cylinder head without manual adjustment or replacement of parts. Then the output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, and the retraction speed of the electric cylinder 22 can be automatically matched according to the weight of the cylinder head, fast for light loads and slow for heavy loads, ensuring that the cylinder head is lifted smoothly without shaking or deviation;The electric slide 21 moves the clamped cylinder head to the cylinder block for accurate alignment and assembly. The movement of the electric slide 21 is synchronized with the lifting action of the electric cylinder 22, resulting in a smooth trajectory and precise positioning. This allows for the rapid transfer of the cylinder head to the preset assembly position directly above the cylinder block. Before assembly, visual aids or a pre-guided alignment cylinder can be used to further correct the cylinder head's posture, ensuring that the cylinder head is parallel to the cylinder block end face and aligned with its center. Compared to traditional lifting devices that can only accommodate cylinder heads of fixed sizes, traditional lifting devices are often specialized structures that are welded or bolted, with non-adjustable clamping dimensions, and only one cylinder head size corresponds to one cylinder head size. A single lifting tool requires downtime for disassembly, assembly, and adjustment when changing models, which is time-consuming, inefficient, lacks versatility, and incurs high storage and maintenance costs. However, by using two synchronously moving and centered No. 2 clamping blocks 24, the system can automatically adapt to the clamping and lifting needs of cylinder heads of different sizes and specifications. Its compatibility covers mainstream passenger car and light commercial vehicle engine cylinder heads, enabling multi-variety and multi-specification cylinder head lifting operations on the same production line. It can handle different cylinder head specifications without changing the corresponding lifting tool, saving the design, manufacturing, procurement, storage, and maintenance costs of dedicated lifting tools, reducing production line downtime for model changes, and ensuring equipment utilization. Utilization rate and production efficiency are improved; the adaptability of assembly equipment to multi-specification workpieces is enhanced, enabling rapid response to small-batch, multi-variety, and personalized order production needs, shortening product changeover and delivery cycles, and enhancing the flexible manufacturing capabilities of the production line; moreover, the center-clamping positioning method ensures that the cylinder head always remains centered and aligned, eliminating problems such as cylinder head skewing, offset, and posture deviation caused by unilateral clamping, offset clamping, or non-centering clamping, resulting in high clamping stability and good consistency; reducing alignment deviations and minimizing issues such as poor sealing of mating surfaces and misaligned cylinder head bolts caused by inaccurate alignment. Quality defects such as stress concentration during assembly and damage to sealing gaskets are eliminated; the precision of assembly is ensured, and after assembly, the cylinder head and cylinder body end faces fit tightly and have high parallelism, with reliable sealing performance, providing a precise foundation for subsequent bolt tightening and airtightness testing; the double threaded rod 13 at the lifting plate 23 rotates in the reverse direction, which can drive the two No. 2 clamping blocks 24 to release their clamps. When rotating in the reverse direction, the two No. 2 clamping blocks 24 move backward synchronously and smoothly release the cylinder head without impact or jamming, ensuring the stability of the cylinder head's posture and position after assembly, facilitating the smooth progress of subsequent bolt tightening operations;

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a first rack plate 3 is fixedly connected to one side of the first clamping block 15; a double gear 31 is rotatably connected to the assembly base 11, and the first rack plate 3 can mesh and rotate with the bottom gear of the double gear 31; two second rack plates 32 are slidably connected to the assembly base 11, and both second rack plates 32 can mesh and rotate with the top gear of the double gear 31; one end of each of the two second rack plates 32 has a short side plate 33 and a long side plate 34, and the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 are arranged opposite each other, and the top of the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 are both provided with a slope; when the cylinder body is placed on the assembly base 11, the cylinder body is mostly a large cast aluminum or cast iron part, with large size and heavy weight, and is prone to visual errors and placement angles during loading. Factors such as deviation and inertial impact during transport can easily cause cylinder placement to become misaligned or skewed, including offsets in the front-to-back, left-to-right, longitudinal tilt, and horizontal torsion. These deviations can typically reach several millimeters or even larger, directly affecting subsequent assembly accuracy. The double-threaded rod 13 at the assembly base 11 rotates forward, powered precisely by the servo motor 12, providing stable torque and controllable speed. This drives the two clamping blocks 15 to move closer together. The clamping blocks 15 move synchronously along a high-precision linear guide, exhibiting high parallelism and no lateral movement, with symmetrical travel on both sides. One clamping block 15 drives the rack plate 3 to engage with the gear at the bottom of the double gear 31. The rack plate 3 is made of high-hardness alloy steel with milled teeth, offering high tooth profile accuracy and good wear resistance. Wheel 31 has a coaxial, integrated structure with extremely high transmission synchronization. This allows the gear at the top of the double gear 31 to synchronously drive the two No. 2 rack plates 32 to mesh and slide. The two No. 2 rack plates 32 are symmetrically arranged with consistent tooth profile parameters. After meshing with the gear at the top of the double gear 31, they achieve mirror-image synchronous motion. The two No. 2 rack plates 32 respectively drive the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 to move closer to each other and center the two ends of the cylinder body for correction. The short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel plates, and the inner working surfaces are polished to reduce frictional resistance and reduce scratches on the cylinder body end face. The length difference between the short side plate and the long side plate is adapted to the different structures at both ends of the cylinder body to ensure balanced correction force at both ends. As the two No. 1 clamping blocks 15 continue to move closer, the two No. 1 clamping blocks 15 can clamp the cylinder body. On both sides, the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 simultaneously center and correct the cylinder body at both ends, constraining the cylinder body's degrees of freedom from both lateral and longitudinal dimensions to form a four-point positioning closed-loop correction. This completely eliminates attitude deviations such as translation, torsion, and tilting, reducing the possibility of cylinder body misalignment. After correction, the cylinder body center coincides with the assembly reference center, ensuring the accuracy of the cylinder body placement and providing an absolute reference for subsequent cylinder head hoisting, alignment, and assembly, reducing chain errors caused by inaccurate foundation positioning. This makes the subsequent alignment and assembly of the cylinder head and cylinder body more precise, improving the coaxiality and parallelism of the assembly. It also reduces assembly quality problems caused by initial cylinder body positioning deviations, eliminating defects such as poor sealing of mating surfaces, misaligned bolts, assembly stress, gasket damage, and cylinder body deformation.To ensure a high yield rate in assembly, reduce rework costs and scrap rates, and improve product consistency, both the tops of the short side plates 33 and long side plates 34 are equipped with inclined surfaces. The angle of these inclined surfaces is optimized, and the surfaces are smooth and burr-free, forming a guide funnel structure. This facilitates the cylinder's placement by allowing it to slide smoothly between the two short side plates 33 and long side plates 34. Even if there is a slight initial deviation in the cylinder's placement, the inclined surfaces will guide it to automatically return to its correct position, reducing the difficulty of manual placement and minimizing the pressure on material handling. This also reduces the probability of the cylinder getting stuck and unable to smoothly enter the calibration position, reducing the risk of jamming, scratches, and deformation caused by sharp edges and interference. It is particularly suitable for cast cylinder blanks or semi-finished products. Furthermore, it improves the smoothness of the positioning and calibration process, ensuring a smooth, uninterrupted, and noiseless calibration operation. The entire process is stable and smooth, adapting to the high-speed production cycle of automated systems and improving production efficiency.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 As shown, multiple sliding rods 4 are slidably connected to the first clamping block 15; a first elastic element 41 is sleeved on the sliding rod 4, and the first elastic element 41 is fixed between the sliding rod 4 and the first clamping block 15; a clamping disc 42 is fixedly connected to the end of the sliding rod 4 away from the first elastic element 41; when clamping the two sides of cylinders of different specifications, the multiple sliding rods 4 slide on the first clamping block 15, and the first elastic element 41 pulls on the sliding rods 4, so that the multiple clamping discs 42 first fit against the two sides of the cylinders of different specifications, and then the two first elastic elements 41 pull on the sliding rods 4. As the clamping blocks 15 slide closer together, the clamping pressure is distributed more evenly, reducing the risk of damage and deformation to the cylinder surface due to excessive local stress. The second clamping block 24 is also equipped with multiple sliding rods 4 and elastic element 41, while multiple independently sliding clamping discs 42 can better conform to the uneven contours of the cylinder sidewall, improving the friction and fit of the clamping, reducing the possibility of cylinder slippage during clamping, ensuring the stability of cylinder positioning, reducing the risk of clamping damage, and improving the reliability of clamping positioning.

[0027] The clamping disc 42 has multiple second-order elastic elements fixedly connected inside; a first-order protrusion 5 is slidably connected to the clamping disc 42 near its center; multiple second-order protrusions 51 are slidably connected to the clamping disc 42, and the multiple second-order protrusions 51 surround the first-order protrusion 5; when clamping the uneven contours on both sides of the cylinder body, each first-order protrusion 5 and each second-order protrusion 51 in the clamping disc 42 is connected to a second-order elastic element, and the first-order protrusion 5 and the surrounding multiple second-order protrusions 51 first conform to the uneven contours on both sides of the cylinder body. By adapting and adjusting the extension length of each first protrusion 5 and second protrusion 51 using the corresponding second elastic element, each contact point can be evenly abutted against the side wall of the cylinder, improving the fitting effect on irregular contours. This not only increases the overall clamping contact area and improves the clamping friction, reducing cylinder displacement, but also allows the clamping pressure to be evenly distributed across the side wall of the cylinder, reducing the possibility of local pressure concentration causing the side wall of the cylinder to dent and deform. This better protects the cylinder structure and ensures the safety and stability of clamping and positioning.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the sliding rod 4 has multiple limiting grooves. Two connecting plates 6 are slidably connected inside the first clamping block 15, and the bottom cross-section of the connecting plate 6 is trapezoidal, with the trapezoidal bottom of the connecting plate 6 able to insert into the limiting grooves. A straight connecting plate 61 is fixedly connected between the two connecting plates 6. A third elastic element 62 is fixedly connected between the connecting plate 6 and the inner wall of the first clamping block 15. An electric slider 63 is fixedly connected to the straight connecting plate 61, and the electric slider 63 is slidably connected inside the first clamping block 15. When clamping cylinders of different specifications on both sides, as the two first clamping blocks 15 approach each other, multiple sliding rods 4 slide on the first clamping block 15, and the sliding rods 4 are pressed against the bottom trapezoidal cross-section connecting plate 6, causing the third elastic element 62 to be intermittently compressed. Subsequently, the spring returns to its original position, and the multiple limiting grooves of the sliding rod 4 can pass through the connecting plate 6 in sequence until they clamp tightly on both sides of the cylinder. The bottom of the two connecting plates 6 is engaged in the limiting grooves of the multiple sliding rods 4, locking and positioning the multiple sliding rods 4. This reduces the problem of the sliding rods 4 sliding and shifting on the first clamping block 15 after clamping is completed, ensuring the stability of the multiple sliding rods 4 clamping the side wall of the cylinder and reducing the possibility of cylinder positioning deviation due to clamping looseness. When it is necessary to release the clamping of the cylinder and the two first clamping blocks 15 move away from each other, the electric slider 63 drives the two straight connecting plates 61 and the two connecting plates 6 to slide upward, so that the bottom of the connecting plate 6 can disengage from the limiting groove, releasing the locking of the multiple sliding rods 4, making it convenient for the sliding rods 4 to reset and wait for the next limiting clamping operation.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, a hydraulic cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the second clamping block 24; an anti-slip plate 71 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 7; two material pickers 72 are fixedly connected to the lifting platform 25; a hydraulic assembly is provided on the electric slide 21, which is used to drive the two anti-slip plates 71 to slide; when lifting cylinder heads of different specifications, including cylinder heads for inline three-cylinder, four-cylinder, six-cylinder and V-type engines, the center of gravity distribution and bottom contour structure are different, and the weight of different cylinder heads is different. Some cylinder heads, especially large displacement, multi-cylinder heavy cylinder heads, are prone to slippage during lifting. Traditional lifting tools only rely on side clamping and fixing without bottom protection. Once the clamping force fluctuates, the center of gravity shifts, or there is an impact from starting or stopping, it is very easy for the cylinder head to slip, bump, deform, or even fall. The cylinder heads, once scrapped, pose serious safety and quality risks. Two material handling racks 72 are fixed to the hoisting platform 25 as supports for cylinder heads of different specifications. The material handling racks 72 are welded from high-strength rectangular steel pipes, with a rust-proof and wear-resistant surface treatment, resulting in a stable structure and strong load-bearing capacity. The two material handling racks 72 are symmetrically arranged, with the spacing adjustable according to the cylinder head length, accommodating stable placement of cylinder heads of different specifications. Two No. 1 hydraulic cylinders 7 are respectively fixed to two No. 2 clamping blocks 24. The No. 1 hydraulic cylinders 7 are small double-acting hydraulic cylinders, suitable for confined installation spaces, and can operate stably for extended periods. Each No. 1 hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected to an anti-detachment plate 71, which is made of high-strength steel plate, integrally bent, providing good overall rigidity and resistance to deformation. As the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downwards, the electric... Cylinder 22 descends at a uniform speed and smoothly, driving the lifting plate 23 and the second clamping block 24 to precisely approach the cylinder head on the lifting platform 25. The descent is smooth and without swaying or impact. The hydraulic components begin pumping oil to the two first hydraulic cylinders 7. Then, the two anti-detachment plates 71 slide away from each other. Next, the two second clamping blocks 24 approach each other and, in conjunction with multiple sliding rods 4, clamp and lift the cylinder head. The second clamping blocks 24 are precisely closed via servo drive, forming a flexible clamping structure with the sliding rods 4 and the first elastic element 41. This structure adapts to the uneven contours of the cylinder head's sidewalls, distributing the clamping force evenly. This ensures a secure clamping while reducing excessive local pressure that could damage the cylinder head. After clamping, the cylinder head remains stable, without deviation or swaying. The output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, and the electric cylinder 22 rises smoothly and at a controlled speed. Controlled to reduce the inertial impact caused by rapid start and stop, at this time, the two anti-detachment plates 71 approach each other, and the first hydraulic cylinder 7 retracts synchronously, driving the anti-detachment plates 71 to quickly and smoothly retract inward. The action is synchronized and without jamming. The two anti-detachment plates 71 are located at the bottom of the cylinder head. After the anti-detachment plates 71 retract, they form an arc-shaped bottom support structure, covering most of the bottom area of ​​the cylinder head. Together with the side clamps, they form a double protection system of side clamps and bottom supports. The two anti-detachment plates 71 provide bottom support for the cylinder head from the bottom. No matter how the center of gravity of the cylinder head shifts, the anti-detachment plates 71 can support the cylinder head and completely block the slippage path, fundamentally eliminating the risk of slippage and reducing the risk of the cylinder head slipping and falling due to excessive weight. Especially for heavy cylinder heads, the bottom support can withstand the full load weight of the cylinder head and prevent falling accidents.This system enhances safety during cylinder head lifting, eliminates potential hazards, protects operator safety, and reduces significant losses such as equipment damage and workpiece scrap. It also minimizes the impact of cylinder head drops and impacts on assembly precision, reducing deformation, scratches, or damage to critical areas like the cylinder head bottom, sealing surfaces, and positioning holes. This ensures cylinder head machining accuracy and sealing performance, reducing subsequent assembly precision degradation and poor sealing. Furthermore, it is compatible with lifting operations for cylinder heads of different specifications. It eliminates the need for specialized lifting tools, saving on design, manufacturing, storage, and maintenance costs, reducing production line downtime for model changes, and ensuring production efficiency and equipment utilization. Finally, it improves the adaptability of assembly equipment, enabling the co-line lifting of multiple types and specifications of cylinder heads, and enhancing the production line's flexible manufacturing capabilities.

[0030] The hydraulic assembly includes a fixed plate 8, a second hydraulic cylinder 81, and a guide pipe 82. The two fixed plates 8 are respectively fixed to both sides of the electric slide 21. The two second hydraulic cylinders 81 are fixed to the lifting plate 23, and the output ends of the second hydraulic cylinders 81 are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate 8. The guide pipe 82 is fixed between the second hydraulic cylinder 81 and the first hydraulic cylinder 7. When the cylinder head is being jacked up, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downwards, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 81 is pulled by the fixed plate 8 fixed to the electric slide 21, and the oil in the connected first hydraulic cylinder 7 is drawn out through the guide pipe 82, thus achieving... The two anti-detachment plates 71 are spaced apart to facilitate the lifting of the cylinder head. Then, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, driving the lifting plate 23 and the second hydraulic cylinder 81 to slide upward. The fixed plate 8 squeezes the output end of the electric slide 21, forcing the hydraulic oil inside the second hydraulic cylinder 81 into the first hydraulic cylinder 7 through the guide pipe 82. This causes the output ends of the two first hydraulic cylinders 7 to extend and simultaneously drive the two anti-detachment plates 71 to provide bottom protection against detachment of cylinder heads of different specifications. No additional electronic control unit is needed to trigger the bottom protection action. The action can be completed automatically by the squeezing cooperation between the fixed plate 8 and the electric slide 21 during the lifting and lowering of the lifting plate 23.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, threaded seats 9 are fixed to both sides of the second clamping block 24, and multiple threaded holes are opened at the bottom of the threaded seats 9; a single threaded rod 91 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the threaded seat 9; an alignment cylinder 92 is fixed to the first clamping block 15; a horn cylinder 93 is fixed to the alignment cylinder 92; when the cylinder head and cylinder block are assembled, multiple threaded seats 9 are fixed on the second clamping block 24, and the single threaded rod 91 is threadedly connected to a threaded hole on the threaded seat 9 according to the different specifications of the current cylinder head. The bottom of the single threaded rod 91 needs to correspond to the position of the alignment cylinder 92, and the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downward. At the same time, the cylinder head is brought close to the top of the cylinder block, and multiple single-threaded rods 91 are inserted into multiple horn tubes 93 respectively. With the guidance of the horn tubes 93, the single-threaded rods 91 are inserted into the corresponding alignment tubes 92. This allows the pre-positioning guidance to be completed in advance during the cylinder head hoisting and descent, reducing the probability of positional deviation when the cylinder head and cylinder block are aligned and assembled. This ensures the alignment accuracy of the cylinder head and cylinder block assembly and reduces assembly quality problems such as misalignment and poor sealing of the mating surface caused by alignment deviation when tightening bolts later. At the same time, the installation position of the single-threaded rods 91 can be adjusted according to different cylinder head specifications to adapt to the pre-positioning requirements of different cylinder heads.

[0032] A fixing box 94 is fixedly connected to one of the alignment cylinders 92; a sensor 95 is fixedly connected inside the fixing box 94; an arc block 96 is slidably connected inside the fixing box 94; a fourth elastic element 97 is fixedly connected between one side of the arc block 96 and the inner wall of the fixing box 94; when the cylinder head and cylinder body are assembled by pre-positioning and guiding the alignment cylinder 92 with the single threaded rod 91, after the cylinder head is hoisted above the cylinder body, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 first quickly lowers the cylinder head close to the cylinder body, and then the single threaded rod 91 is inserted into the alignment cylinder 92, and the single threaded rod 91 presses the arc block 96 inside the fixing box 94. After block 96, the arc block 96 simultaneously compresses the fourth elastic element 97 to contract and bear force. The arc block 96 also presses against the output end of sensor 95, triggering it. Sensor 95 quickly sends a signal to the main controller and controls the lowering speed of electric cylinder 22. At this time, the output end of electric cylinder 22 then slowly lowers the cylinder head, realizing the automatic switching of cylinder head from rapid lowering to slow docking. This not only improves the efficiency of the overall cylinder head docking assembly, but also reduces the impact of the cylinder head on the cylinder body at the docking end due to excessive speed, which could cause collision damage to the cylinder head or cylinder body mating surface. At the same time, the trigger-type speed control is adapted to the lowering and positioning of cylinder heads of different specifications.

[0033] Working process: When assembling the engine cylinder head and cylinder block, the cylinder block is first placed on top of the assembly base 11 on the engine base 1. The transmission component starts to operate, and then the output end of the servo motor 12 drives two single gears 14 to mesh and rotate, causing the double threaded rod 13 connected to one of the single gears 14 to rotate accordingly. Because the double threads on the double threaded rod 13 are arranged in opposite directions, the rotation of the double threaded rod 13 can drive the two No. 1 clamping blocks 15 to move closer to each other. Depending on the specifications of the engine cylinder block, the two No. 1 clamping blocks 15 can adapt to the specifications of the cylinder block being assembled and clamp from both sides, centering the cylinder block at the top center of the assembly base 11. With the help of the lifting component, the engine cylinder head is lifted above the cylinder block, completing the accurate alignment. Once the positioning box is engaged, subsequent bolt tightening and other processes can be carried out. The reverse rotation of the double threaded rod 13 releases the clamps of the two clamping blocks 15. When assembling and hoisting engine cylinder heads of different specifications, the hoisting components can be adjusted to match the dimensions of the corresponding cylinder head for gripping and hoisting. This solves the problem that traditional fixed-specification fixtures are difficult to adapt to the assembly of workpieces of different sizes. It enables the assembly of multiple specifications of engine cylinder heads and cylinder blocks on the same assembly line without the need for additional special fixtures and production lines for different specifications. This improves the flexibility and adaptability of the equipment, reduces the equipment cost for assembling multi-specification engines, and the centered clamping positioning method ensures that the cylinder block is properly positioned during each assembly. Accurate positioning reduces alignment deviations, ensuring high yield and stability in assembly. When lifting engine cylinder heads of different specifications, the electric slide 21 slides on the frame 2 towards the upper position of the lifting platform 25. The cylinder head is placed on the lifting platform 25. The output end of the electric cylinder 22 drives the lifting plate 23, transmission assembly, and two second-order clamping blocks 24 to extend downwards. Under the action of the transmission assembly, the output end of the servo motor 12 at the lifting plate 23 drives two single gears 14 to mesh and rotate, causing the double-threaded rod 13 connected to one of the single gears 14 to rotate accordingly. Because the double threads on the double-threaded rod 13 are arranged in opposite directions, the rotation of the double-threaded rod 13 at the bottom of the lifting plate 23 can drive the two second-order clamping blocks 24 to move closer together. The cylinder head is clamped on both sides near the center. Then the output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, and the electric slide 21 drives the clamped cylinder head to the cylinder body for accurate alignment and assembly. Compared with traditional lifting devices that can only adapt to cylinder heads of fixed specifications, the two second clamping blocks 24 that can move synchronously and center can automatically adapt to the clamping and lifting needs of cylinder heads of different sizes and specifications. Different sizes of cylinder heads can be gripped without changing the corresponding lifting device, which improves the adaptability of the assembly equipment to multiple specifications of workpieces. Moreover, the positioning method of center clamping can ensure that the cylinder head always stays in the center alignment, reducing the situation of alignment deviation and ensuring the accuracy of assembly. The double threaded rod 13 at the lifting plate 23 rotates in the opposite direction, which can drive the two second clamping blocks 24 to release the clamp.When the cylinder body is placed on the assembly base 11, it is prone to misalignment or tilting. The double-threaded rod 13 at the assembly base 11 rotates in the forward direction, causing the two first-order clamping blocks 15 to move closer together. One first-order clamping block 15 drives the first-order rack plate 3 to engage with the gear at the bottom of the double gear 31, so that the gear at the top of the double gear 31 synchronously drives the two second-order rack plates 32 to mesh and slide. The two second-order rack plates 32 respectively drive the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 to move closer together to center and correct the two ends of the cylinder body. As the two first-order clamping blocks 15 continue to move closer, they can clamp the cylinder. On both sides of the cylinder body, the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 also simultaneously center and correct the two ends of the cylinder body, reducing the possibility of cylinder body tilting and offset, ensuring the accuracy of cylinder body placement, making the subsequent alignment and assembly of the cylinder head and cylinder body more accurate, reducing assembly quality problems caused by initial cylinder body positioning deviation, and ensuring assembly yield. The top of the short side plate 33 and the long side plate 34 are both provided with slopes, which makes it easy for the cylinder body to slide into the space between the two short side plates 33 and the long side plate 34 when it is placed, reducing the probability of the cylinder body getting stuck and unable to enter the correction position smoothly, and improving the smoothness of the positioning and correction process. When clamping cylinders of different specifications on both sides, multiple sliding rods 4 slide on the first clamping block 15, and the first elastic element 41 pulls on the sliding rods 4, so that multiple clamping discs 42 first fit against the sides of the cylinders of different specifications. As the two first clamping blocks 15 slide closer to each other, the clamping pressure can be distributed more evenly, reducing the possibility of damage and deformation of the cylinder surface due to excessive local pressure. The second clamping block 24 is also equipped with multiple sliding rods 4 and the first elastic element 41, etc. At the same time, multiple independently sliding clamping discs 42 can better fit the uneven contour of the cylinder side wall, improving the clamping friction. To improve the fit and reduce the possibility of cylinder slippage during clamping, ensuring the stability of cylinder positioning, reducing the risk of clamping damage, and improving the reliability of clamping positioning; when clamping uneven contours on both sides of the cylinder, each first protrusion 5 and second protrusion 51 in the clamping disc 42 is connected to a second elastic element. The first protrusion 5 and the surrounding multiple second protrusions 51 first fit against the uneven contours on both sides of the cylinder, and the corresponding second elastic elements adapt to adjust the extension length of each first protrusion 5 and second protrusion 51, so that each contact point can evenly abut against the side wall of the cylinder, improving the fit and conformity effect for irregular contours, which can... Increasing the overall clamping contact area enhances clamping friction, reduces cylinder displacement, and allows clamping pressure to be evenly distributed across the cylinder sidewalls, minimizing localized pressure concentration that could cause sidewall deformation and better protecting the cylinder structure. This ensures the safety and stability of clamping positioning. When clamping cylinders of different sizes on both sides, as the two clamping blocks 15 approach each other, multiple sliding rods 4 slide on the clamping blocks 15. The sliding rods 4 are pressed against the bottom trapezoidal cross-section connecting plate 6, causing the elastic element 62 to be intermittently compressed and then spring back to its original position. The multiple limiting grooves of the sliding rods 4 can sequentially pass over the connecting plate 6 until they reach both sides of the cylinder. The clamping is tight, with the bottoms of the two connecting plates 6 engaging in the limiting grooves of multiple sliding rods 4, locking and positioning the multiple sliding rods 4. This reduces the problem of sliding displacement of the sliding rods 4 on the first clamping block 15 after clamping is completed, ensuring the stability of the multiple sliding rods 4 clamping the cylinder sidewall and reducing the possibility of cylinder positioning deviation due to clamping looseness. When it is necessary to release the clamping of the cylinder and the two first clamping blocks 15 move away from each other, the electric slider 63 drives the two straight connecting plates 61 and the two connecting plates 6 to slide upward, allowing the bottom of the connecting plates 6 to disengage from the limiting grooves, releasing the locking of the multiple sliding rods 4, and facilitating the reset of the sliding rods 4 to wait for the next limiting clamping operation. When hoisting cylinder heads of different specifications, their weights vary, and some cylinder heads are prone to slipping during hoisting. Two material handling racks 72 are fixed on the hoisting platform 25 to support the cylinder heads of different specifications. Two No. 1 hydraulic cylinders 7 are respectively fixed on two No. 2 clamping blocks 24, and each No. 1 hydraulic cylinder 7 is connected to an anti-slip plate 71. As the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downward, the hydraulic assembly begins to pump oil to the two No. 1 hydraulic cylinders 7. Then, the two anti-slip plates 71 slide away from each other. Next, the two No. 2 clamping blocks 24 move closer together and, in conjunction with multiple sliding rods 4, clamp and lift the cylinder head. The output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, at which point the two anti-slip plates 71 move closer together. The two anti-slip plates 71 are located at the bottom of the cylinder head, and they provide bottom support to prevent the cylinder head from slipping due to excessive weight, reducing the risk of slipping and falling, improving the safety during the hoisting process, and reducing the possibility of the cylinder head falling and being damaged, affecting the assembly accuracy. It is compatible with the lifting of cylinder heads of different specifications without the need to change special lifting tools, thus improving the adaptability of the assembly equipment. When the cylinder head is being lifted, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downward, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 81 is pulled by the fixed plate 8 fixed on the electric slide 21. The oil in the connected first hydraulic cylinder 7 is extracted through the guide pipe 82, so that the two anti-detachment plates 71 are separated from each other, which facilitates the lifting of the cylinder head. Then the output end of the electric cylinder 22 retracts, which drives the lifting plate 23 and the second hydraulic cylinder 81 to slide upward. The fixed plate 8 squeezes the output end of the electric slide 21, which squeezes the hydraulic oil inside the second hydraulic cylinder 81 into the first hydraulic cylinder 7 through the guide pipe 82, so that the output ends of the two first hydraulic cylinders 7 extend and simultaneously drive the two anti-detachment plates 71 to lift and prevent cylinder heads of different specifications from detachment. No additional electric control unit is needed to trigger the lifting action. It can be completed automatically by the squeezing cooperation between the fixed plate 8 and the electric slide 21 during the lifting and lowering of the lifting plate 23. When assembling the cylinder head and cylinder block, multiple threaded seats 9 are fixed on the second clamping block 24, and, in conjunction with single threaded rods 91, are threaded into a threaded hole on the threaded seat 9 according to the different specifications of the current cylinder head. The bottom of the single threaded rod 91 needs to correspond to the position of the alignment cylinder 92. When the output end of the electric cylinder 22 extends downward, it drives the cylinder head closer to the top of the cylinder block. Multiple single threaded rods 91 are inserted into multiple horn cylinders 93 respectively. Relying on the guidance of the horn cylinders 93, the single threaded rods 91 are inserted into the alignment cylinders 92 accordingly. This allows the pre-positioning guidance to be completed in advance during the cylinder head hoisting and descent, reducing the probability of positional deviation when the cylinder head and cylinder block are aligned and assembled. This ensures the alignment accuracy of the cylinder head and cylinder block assembly and reduces assembly quality problems such as misalignment and poor sealing of the mating surface caused by alignment deviation during subsequent bolt tightening. At the same time, the single threaded rod 91 can be adjusted in installation position according to different specifications of cylinder heads to adapt to different cylinder head pre-positioning. Positioning requirements; When the cylinder head and cylinder body are assembled by pre-positioning and guiding the alignment cylinder 92 with the single threaded rod 91, after the cylinder head is hoisted above the cylinder body, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 first quickly lowers the cylinder head close to the cylinder body. Then, the single threaded rod 91 is inserted into the alignment cylinder 92. After the single threaded rod 91 presses the arc block 96 in the fixing box 94, the arc block 96 simultaneously presses the fourth elastic element 97 to contract and bear force. The arc block 96 presses against the output end of the sensor 95 and triggers it. The sensor 95 quickly sends a signal to the main controller and controls the lowering speed of the electric cylinder 22. At this time, the output end of the electric cylinder 22 then slowly lowers the cylinder head, realizing the automatic switching of the cylinder head from rapid lowering to slow docking. This not only improves the efficiency of the overall docking assembly of the cylinder head, but also reduces the impact of the cylinder head on the cylinder body at the docking end due to excessive speed, which may cause damage to the cylinder head or cylinder body mating surface. At the same time, the trigger-type speed control is adapted to the lowering and positioning of cylinder heads of different specifications.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An engine head-block automated assembly apparatus, characterized by: The system includes a base; an assembly seat is fixedly connected to the base for supporting the engine cylinder block; a transmission assembly is provided on the base, including a servo motor, a double-threaded rod, and single gears; the servo motor is fixed to the base and provides power for the clamping action; the double-threaded rod is rotatably connected to the assembly seat, and the two threads on the double-threaded rod are arranged in opposite directions; two single gears are respectively fixed to the output end of the servo motor and the center of the double-threaded rod, and the two single gears can mesh and rotate with each other; two No. 1 clamping blocks are slidably connected to the base, and the two No. 1 clamping blocks are respectively threaded to the two ends of the double-threaded rod, and when the double-threaded rod rotates, it drives the two No. 1 clamping blocks to move synchronously towards each other; a lifting assembly is provided on the base, which is used to grab and lift the engine cylinder head and complete the alignment and assembly with the cylinder block.

2. An engine head-block automated assembly apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The hoisting assembly includes a frame, an electric slide, an electric cylinder, a hoisting plate, and a second clamping block. The frame is fixed to the base and serves as the main support for the hoisting assembly. The electric slide is slidably connected to the frame and can reciprocate along the longitudinal guide rail of the frame. The electric cylinder is fixed to the electric slide with its output end facing downwards. The hoisting plate is fixed to the output end of the electric cylinder and rises and falls with the extension and retraction of the electric cylinder. Two second clamping blocks are slidably connected to the bottom of the hoisting plate, and the two second clamping blocks are installed at the bottom of the hoisting plate through a transmission assembly. A hoisting platform is fixed to the side of the base away from the assembly seat for temporarily storing the engine cylinder head to be assembled.

3. An engine head-block automated assembly apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein: One of the clamping blocks has a rack plate fixed to its outer side; a double gear is rotatably connected to the assembly base, the double gear consists of two gears arranged coaxially, and the rack plate can mesh and rotate with the bottom gear of the double gear; two rack plates are slidably connected to the assembly base, and both rack plates can mesh and rotate with the top gear of the double gear; one end of each rack plate has a short side plate and a long side plate, which are arranged opposite to each other, and the top of both the short side plate and the long side plate has an inclined surface for centering and correcting the two ends of the cylinder.

4. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sliding rods are slidably connected to the first clamping block; a first elastic element is sleeved on the sliding rod, and the two ends of the first elastic element are respectively fixed to the outer wall of the sliding rod and the inner wall of the first clamping block; a clamping disc is fixed to the end of the sliding rod away from the first elastic element, and the clamping disc can adapt to the contour of the outer wall of the cylinder and flexibly fit and clamp.

5. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 4, characterized in that: The internal cavity of the clamping disc is fixedly connected with multiple second elastic elements; a first protrusion is slidably connected near the center of the clamping disc, and the first protrusion is fixedly connected to one end of the second elastic element; multiple second protrusions are slidably connected around the first protrusion on the inner side of the clamping disc, and each second protrusion is fixedly connected to the corresponding second elastic element. The first and second protrusions can adapt to the uneven contour of the cylinder sidewall.

6. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sliding rod has multiple limiting grooves evenly distributed along its axial direction. The first clamping block has two connecting plates slidably connected inside, and the bottom cross-section of the connecting plates is trapezoidal. The trapezoidal bottom of the connecting plates can be inserted into the limiting grooves to achieve locking. A straight connecting plate is fixed between the two connecting plates. A third elastic element is fixed between the connecting plate and the inner wall of the first clamping block. An electric slider is fixed to the straight connecting plate and is slidably connected inside the first clamping block. The electric slider can drive the straight connecting plate and the connecting plate to slide up and down to lock and unlock the sliding rod.

7. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 2, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second clamping block; an anti-detachment plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder, and the anti-detachment plate is configured as an arc-shaped plate structure; two material picking racks are fixedly connected to the hoisting platform, and the top of the material picking racks is provided with an arc-shaped support groove to fit the bottom contour of the cylinder head; a hydraulic component is provided on the electric slide, and the hydraulic component is connected to the first hydraulic cylinder to drive the anti-detachment plate to extend and retract horizontally, so as to realize bottom protection and anti-detachment during the cylinder head hoisting process.

8. The automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydraulic assembly includes a fixed plate, a second hydraulic cylinder, and a guide pipe; the two fixed plates are respectively fixed to both sides of the electric slide; the two second hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the lifting plate, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate; the guide pipe is fixed between the second hydraulic cylinder and the first hydraulic cylinder, and its two ends are respectively sealed and connected to the oil chamber of the second hydraulic cylinder and the oil chamber of the first hydraulic cylinder, so as to realize the delivery and return of hydraulic oil through the lifting and lowering linkage of the lifting plate.

9. An automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both sides of the second clamping block are fixedly connected to threaded seats, and the bottom of the threaded seats has multiple threaded holes; the bottom of the threaded seat is threadedly connected to a single threaded rod, which can match different threaded holes to adjust the installation position; an alignment cylinder is fixedly connected to the first clamping block, and the alignment cylinder is a hollow cylindrical structure; a horn cylinder is fixedly connected to the alignment cylinder, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and is used to guide the single threaded rod to be inserted into the alignment cylinder.

10. An automated assembly equipment for engine cylinder head and cylinder block according to claim 9, characterized in that: A fixed box is fixedly connected to one of the alignment cylinders; a sensor is fixedly connected inside the fixed box; an arc block is slidably connected inside the fixed box, with the arc-shaped end of the arc block facing the inside of the alignment cylinder; a No. 4 elastic element is fixedly connected between one side of the arc block and the inner wall of the fixed box. When the single threaded rod is inserted into the alignment cylinder, it squeezes the arc block and triggers the sensor, thereby realizing the automatic switching of the cylinder head lowering speed.

Images