An intelligent power supplementing method and system for an electric vehicle, a computer device and a readable storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent charging method, system, computer equipment, and readable storage medium for electric vehicles, belonging to the field of vehicle charging. The method includes: triggering charging when the low-voltage battery voltage is below a preset threshold; activating different combinations of power generation nodes to charge the low-voltage battery according to the vehicle status; real-time acquisition of the low-voltage battery voltage and determining whether the conditions for activating the power battery charging function are met; if met, stopping the charging of the low-voltage battery and simultaneously charging the power battery by discharging the low-voltage battery; during this process, real-time acquisition of the low-voltage battery voltage and determining whether the preset conditions for stopping the power battery charging function are met; if met, stopping the charging of the power battery from the low-voltage battery and returning to the first step. This invention achieves charging of the low-voltage battery through various external power generation devices and the power battery, and also supports charging the power battery through the low-voltage battery, improving the efficiency of the low-voltage battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vehicle charging, specifically, it relates to an intelligent charging method, system, computer equipment, and readable storage medium for electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, vehicles equipped with intelligent charging technology monitor the charge and voltage of the low-voltage battery in real time when the engine is off. When the low-voltage battery voltage is detected to be lower than the threshold voltage, the intelligent charging function will be automatically activated to charge the low-voltage battery through the high-voltage power battery to prevent it from being depleted.

[0003] However, when the SOC of the power battery falls below the charging start threshold, the charging function cannot be activated. Furthermore, charging the low-voltage battery through the power battery will reduce the overall vehicle range, which is particularly noticeable in range-extended motorcycles with smaller power battery capacities.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides an intelligent charging method, system, computer device, and readable storage medium for electric vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and proposes an intelligent charging method, system, computer equipment, and readable storage medium for electric vehicles to achieve the following objectives: to charge low-voltage batteries through various external power generation devices and power batteries, and to support charging power batteries through low-voltage batteries.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: This invention provides an intelligent charging method for electric vehicles, the method comprising: Step S1: When the low-voltage battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold, the power supply is triggered. Different combinations of power generation nodes are activated to supply power to the low-voltage battery according to the vehicle status. Step S2: Collect the low-voltage battery voltage in real time and determine whether the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function are met; if they are met, continue to the next step. Step S3: Stop charging the low-voltage battery and simultaneously charge the power battery by discharging the low-voltage battery. During the process, the voltage of the low-voltage battery is collected in real time. Step S4: Determine whether the preset power battery charging function stop condition is met based on the low-voltage battery voltage; if it is met, stop the low-voltage battery charging the power battery and return to step S1.

[0007] Furthermore, the power generation node includes external power generation equipment and a power battery, and the external power generation equipment includes solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment.

[0008] Furthermore, different combinations of power generation nodes are activated to replenish the low-voltage battery based on the vehicle's status, including: If the vehicle is in motion, the wind power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If ambient light is present, the solar power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If the solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment are all not in use, then the power battery will be used to replenish the low-voltage storage battery.

[0009] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment includes a semiconductor thermoelectric generator.

[0010] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is installed on the vehicle's cooling equipment, including the vehicle's radiator.

[0011] Furthermore, for electric vehicles equipped with range extenders, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is also installed on the vehicle's exhaust pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, when replenishing the low-voltage battery, the replenishment voltage of the low-voltage battery is adjusted according to the ambient temperature.

[0013] Furthermore, the strategy for adjusting the low-voltage battery charging voltage based on ambient temperature includes: obtaining the current ambient temperature and adjusting the low-voltage battery charging voltage in a stepwise manner according to a preset temperature-voltage mapping relationship; wherein, in the temperature-voltage mapping relationship, the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the corresponding charging voltage.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function include: Set the corresponding low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage according to the combination of activated power generation nodes; When the low-voltage battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to the currently set low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage, it is determined that the preset conditions for enabling the power battery charging function are met.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, the preset conditions for stopping the power battery charging function include: The low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage is preset. When the low-voltage battery voltage is less than or equal to the low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage, it is determined that the power battery charging function stops.

[0016] Furthermore, the method also includes: After the vehicle is powered off, check whether the preset pulse internal resistance repair trigger conditions are met; If the conditions are met, then pulse internal resistance repair should be performed on the low-voltage battery.

[0017] Furthermore, the preset pulse internal resistance repair trigger conditions include: The vehicle's total mileage reaches the preset pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage. or; The vehicle's working calendar time reaches the pulse internal resistance repair threshold time.

[0018] Furthermore, the pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage or pulse internal resistance repair threshold time is multiplied by n times after each repair is completed, where n is a preset value greater than or equal to 1.

[0019] Furthermore, the pulse internal resistance repair process includes: First, remove all low-voltage equipment except for the low-voltage battery from the low-voltage circuit; Then, control the pulse discharge circuit to start pulse discharge to repair the internal resistance of the low-voltage battery; Secondly, after the pulse discharge reaches the preset cutoff time, the pulse discharge stops, and the pulse repair is completed. Finally, reconnect all low-voltage equipment except the low-voltage battery to the low-voltage circuit.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, after stopping the low-voltage battery from replenishing the power battery, the current low-voltage battery voltage is obtained, and the corresponding interval time is determined by looking up the table based on the voltage. After the interval time is over, the process returns to step S1. The table used for looking up the low-voltage battery voltage and the interval time is a preset table of correspondence between low-voltage battery voltage and interval time.

[0021] This invention also provides an intelligent charging system for electric vehicles. Using the aforementioned intelligent charging method for electric vehicles, the system includes a low-voltage battery, an external power generation device, a power battery, and a DC / DC converter. The external power generation device is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery for charging it. The power battery is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery via the DC / DC converter for charging the low-voltage battery, or for charging the power battery using the low-voltage battery.

[0022] The present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle.

[0023] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the above-described intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle.

[0024] The technical effects of this invention are as follows: This invention integrates multiple power generation nodes, including solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and power batteries, and intelligently selects the optimal combination of power generation nodes based on the vehicle's real-time status to achieve efficient and intelligent replenishment of low-voltage batteries. Simultaneously, this invention innovatively designs a reverse replenishment mechanism for the power battery based on the voltage state of the low-voltage battery. That is, when the low-voltage battery has sufficient charge, it discharges to replenish the power battery, achieving bidirectional energy flow and optimized configuration. Furthermore, this invention introduces an ambient temperature-adaptive replenishment voltage adjustment strategy, a replenishment timing optimization mechanism based on interval time, and pulse internal resistance repair technology, comprehensively improving the management level and utilization efficiency of low-voltage batteries from multiple dimensions. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart of an intelligent charging method for electric vehicles provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a control flowchart for pulse repair of internal resistance provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent charging system for an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate, and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and to facilitate its implementation. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions and to distinguish components; the corresponding component configurations may be the same or different, and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. To make the technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be explained and illustrated through the following embodiments.

[0027] In the field of electric vehicle technology, particularly in the niche market of electric motorcycles with range extenders, low-voltage batteries, as a core component of the vehicle's electrical system, bear the crucial responsibility of providing stable power to low-voltage electrical equipment such as vehicle controllers, lighting systems, instrument displays, communication modules, and various sensors. However, with the continuous improvement of the intelligence level of electric motorcycles, the types and number of onboard electronic devices have increased significantly, leading to a faster rate of energy consumption in low-voltage batteries. In existing technologies, low-voltage battery charging solutions mainly rely on the power battery being stepped down and charged via a DC / DC converter, or on external charging equipment. This method of solely relying on the power battery for charging has many inherent drawbacks.

[0028] To address this, this invention provides an intelligent charging method for electric vehicles, applied to electric motorcycles with range extenders. This invention constructs a multi-source collaborative intelligent charging system, integrating various power generation nodes such as solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, and power batteries. It intelligently selects the optimal combination of power generation nodes based on the vehicle's real-time status, achieving efficient and intelligent charging of the low-voltage battery. Simultaneously, this invention innovatively designs a reverse charging mechanism for the power battery based on the low-voltage battery's voltage state. That is, when the low-voltage battery has sufficient charge, it discharges to charge the power battery, achieving bidirectional energy flow and optimized configuration. Furthermore, this invention introduces an ambient temperature-adaptive charging voltage adjustment strategy, a charging timing optimization mechanism based on interval time, and pulse internal resistance repair technology, comprehensively improving the management level and utilization efficiency of the low-voltage battery from multiple dimensions.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent power replenishment method proposed in this embodiment includes: Step S1: When the low-voltage battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold, the power supply is triggered. Different combinations of power generation nodes are activated to supply power to the low-voltage battery according to the vehicle status. Step S2: Collect the low-voltage battery voltage in real time and determine whether the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function are met; if they are met, continue to the next step. Step S3: Stop charging the low-voltage battery and simultaneously charge the power battery by discharging the low-voltage battery. During the process, the voltage of the low-voltage battery is collected in real time. Step S4: Determine whether the preset power battery charging function stop condition is met based on the low-voltage battery voltage; if it is met, stop the low-voltage battery charging the power battery and return to step S1.

[0030] Based on this, the technical problems solved by the embodiments of the present invention mainly include the following aspects: First, solving the problem of reduced vehicle range caused by the reliance on the power battery for low-voltage battery charging in the prior art, by realizing diversified charging of low-voltage batteries through multi-source energy recovery, reducing the frequency of power battery charging and energy consumption; Second, solving the problem of waste of various recoverable energy during vehicle driving and parking, by deploying solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment and wind power generation equipment, to achieve effective recovery and utilization of ambient light energy, power system waste heat and driving wind energy; Third, solving the problem of damage to batteries caused by fixed charging voltage in low-temperature environments, by realizing adaptive adjustment of charging voltage through temperature-voltage mapping relationship, protecting batteries from damage caused by low-temperature large voltage difference charging; Fourth, solving the problem of frequent charging and capacity decay caused by increased internal resistance of low-voltage batteries after long-term use, by actively repairing battery internal resistance through pulse internal resistance repair technology, extending battery life; Fifth, solving the problem of energy loss and reduced device life caused by frequent start-stop of charging function, by optimizing charging sequence through interval time mechanism, reducing unnecessary charging operations.

[0031] Through the implementation of the above technical solutions, this invention achieves efficient recovery of various renewable and waste energy sources, such as solar energy, waste heat, and wind energy, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle and reducing dependence on traditional energy sources. Regarding driving range, by reducing the frequency of power battery recharging of the low-voltage battery and, under appropriate conditions, using the low-voltage battery to reverse-charge the power battery, the effective driving range of the vehicle is effectively extended. In terms of battery life, the dual protection of temperature-adaptive recharging voltage control and pulse internal resistance repair technology significantly slows down battery aging, extends battery replacement cycles, and reduces user operating costs. Regarding system reliability, intelligent power generation node selection and timing control ensure stable and safe power replenishment of the low-voltage battery under various operating conditions, guaranteeing the reliable operation of the vehicle's electrical system. In terms of user experience, it reduces the probability of vehicle failures such as starting failure due to low-voltage battery depletion, increasing user satisfaction and trust in the electric motorcycle product.

[0032] Specifically, step S1 is the initial stage of the intelligent charging method. Its core function is to trigger charging when the low-voltage battery voltage is lower than a preset threshold, and to activate different combinations of generator nodes to charge the low-voltage battery according to the vehicle status. This step is set as the starting point of the entire intelligent charging process because the voltage level of the low-voltage battery is the most direct and reliable indicator of its state of charge. When the low-voltage battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the remaining battery charge has dropped to a level requiring replenishment. At this point, the charging process must be initiated to prevent the battery from being damaged due to over-discharge. The setting of the preset threshold needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the type of low-voltage battery, its rated voltage, the minimum operating voltage requirements of the vehicle's low-voltage electrical equipment, and the battery's discharge characteristic curve, ensuring that the battery still retains a certain safety margin when charging is triggered, meeting short-term power needs without damaging the plates due to over-discharge.

[0033] Referring to step S1, this embodiment sets up multiple power generation nodes, using different combinations of these nodes to address different power generation states. Each power generation node includes external power generation equipment and a power battery. The external power generation equipment further includes solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment. As an open-access mode of transportation, electric motorcycles operate in a complex and variable environment. The availability of various energy resources varies significantly under different environmental conditions and operating states. A single energy source cannot guarantee a stable supply of replenishing power to the low-voltage battery under various operating conditions. This embodiment, through a diversified combination of power generation nodes, can dynamically select based on real-time conditions, ensuring the continuity and reliability of power replenishment.

[0034] In this embodiment, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment uses semiconductor thermoelectric generators, based on the Seebeck effect. Simply put, when a temperature difference exists between the two ends of a semiconductor material, charged particles (electrons or holes) inside the material diffuse from the hot end to the cold end, thus creating a voltage difference between the two ends. By connecting many pairs of such P-type (positively charged holes) and N-type (negatively charged electrons) semiconductors in series, usable voltage and current can be obtained, directly converting heat energy into electrical energy. Voltage regulation is achieved by connecting multiple generators end-to-end to form modules, and larger output current is achieved by connecting multiple modules in parallel.

[0035] In terms of placement, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is typically installed on the vehicle's cooling system, utilizing the heat dissipated during vehicle operation to generate electricity. Common vehicle cooling systems include the radiator, where a significant amount of heat accumulates during operation, reaching temperatures significantly higher than ambient temperatures, providing excellent heat source conditions for thermoelectric power generation. Additionally, for electric vehicles with range extenders, which generate large amounts of high-temperature exhaust gases during operation, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is also installed on the exhaust pipe, utilizing the waste heat to generate electricity. Range extenders, as devices that convert the chemical energy of fossil fuels into electrical energy, typically have a thermal efficiency of no more than 50%, meaning that more than half of the energy is released into the environment as heat through the cooling and exhaust systems. By arranging thermoelectric generators on the exhaust pipe, this portion of the previously wasted heat energy can be recovered and converted into electrical energy, achieving cascaded energy utilization.

[0036] In this embodiment, for an electric motorcycle with a range extender, there are two locations for waste heat recovery in the vehicle system. One is located at the radiator outlet. When the coolant flows through the radiator for heat dissipation, the air temperature at the outlet rises significantly. Thermoelectric generators positioned at this location can utilize the heat dissipated by the coolant to generate electricity. The other location is in the exhaust pipe. Thermoelectric generators are evenly distributed on the outside of the exhaust pipe, directly using the high-temperature exhaust to heat the hot end of the generators, while the cold end of the generators is kept at a lower temperature through heat exchange with the ambient air or a dedicated cooling structure. This creates a continuous temperature difference between the two ends of the generators, driving the thermoelectric conversion process continuously. This dual-location strategy fully considers the heat source distribution characteristics under different operating conditions of the range extender. When the range extender is running, both heat sources exist simultaneously, achieving high waste heat recovery power. When the range extender is not running but other equipment in the vehicle generates heat, the radiator location can still serve as a heat source for waste heat recovery.

[0037] Solar power generation equipment uses solar panels, which utilize the photovoltaic effect of silicon wafers. Simply put, it's the process where light energy is directly converted into electrical energy when it shines on a special semiconductor structure. Similar to waste heat recovery systems, flexible solar panels are connected in series and parallel to regulate the output voltage and current. For electric motorcycles with range extenders, the solar panels are arranged on both sides of the fuel tank, and can be partially folded during riding to reduce wind resistance. When parked, they can be fully unfolded to achieve maximum solar energy recovery.

[0038] The wind power generation equipment uses ducted wind turbines. For electric motorcycles with range extenders, the ducted wind turbine is located under the side bag at the rear of the vehicle. Placing the ducted wind turbine under the side bag allows it to generate electricity using the relative airflow created during vehicle movement. The side bag, a common storage device on electric motorcycles, is usually located on either side of the rear seat. Its lower area has relatively ample space and is situated within the airflow channel on the side of the vehicle, ensuring a relatively stable airflow supply. When the vehicle is moving, ambient air flows relative to the vehicle, entering the air intake of the ducted wind turbine, driving the internal wind turbine to rotate, which in turn drives the generator to produce electricity, converting wind energy into electrical energy.

[0039] Referring to step S1, different combinations of power generation nodes are activated to replenish the low-voltage battery based on the vehicle status. Multi-dimensional perception of the vehicle status is the foundation for intelligent power generation node selection. In this embodiment, the vehicle status mainly includes the vehicle's motion status, such as parking and driving states, as well as the vehicle's heat dissipation status, and also the ambient light status of the vehicle's environment. Accordingly, the different combinations of power generation nodes activated based on the vehicle status include: The wind power generation system is activated when the vehicle is in motion; otherwise, it is deactivated. The vehicle's motion is the key factor determining whether the wind power generation system is activated. When the vehicle is in motion, there is significant relative motion between the vehicle and the surrounding air, allowing the ducted wind turbine located under the rear sidebag to effectively convert wind speed into electrical energy. At this time, the airflow speed is relatively high and stable, enabling the wind power generation system to output a considerable amount of electrical power, providing an effective energy source for charging the low-voltage battery. Conversely, when the vehicle is parked, there is no relative motion between the vehicle and the surrounding air (ignoring the influence of natural wind), and the ducted wind turbine cannot obtain sufficient airflow to drive it; therefore, the wind power generation system is not activated.

[0040] If ambient light is present, the solar power generation equipment is activated; otherwise, it is deactivated. Ambient light conditions are the basis for determining whether to activate the solar power generation equipment. The working principle of the solar power generation equipment dictates that its power generation capacity directly depends on sunlight conditions. When ambient light is present, regardless of the light intensity, the solar panels can generate a certain amount of photocurrent, converting solar energy into electrical energy to supplement power. Therefore, the solar power generation equipment is activated as long as ambient light is detected. When there is no ambient light, such as at night, in underground parking lots, or tunnels, the solar panels cannot produce effective output, and therefore the solar power generation equipment is not activated.

[0041] If the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is activated; otherwise, it is not activated. The vehicle's heat dissipation status is the basis for determining whether to activate the waste heat recovery power generation equipment. The working principle of the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is based on thermoelectric power generation; only when there is a sufficient temperature difference between the two ends of the generator can effective electrical energy output be generated. Therefore, this embodiment uses whether the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is higher than the ambient temperature as the activation condition. When the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, it indicates that the vehicle has usable waste heat resources. At this time, activating the waste heat recovery power generation equipment can realize the recovery and conversion of waste heat. For example, when the range extender is started, in the process of converting petrochemical energy into mechanical work and heat, since the thermal efficiency of the range extender is no more than 50%, more than half of the energy is released into the environment as heat energy through the cooling system and exhaust system. At this time, the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is significantly higher than the ambient temperature. Activating the waste heat recovery power generation equipment can effectively convert this part of the waste heat into electrical energy. When the range extender is not started, if the operation of other equipment in the vehicle (such as the motor controller, power converter, etc.) causes the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature to be higher than the ambient temperature, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment can still be activated to realize waste heat recovery. When the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is less than or equal to the ambient temperature, it indicates that there is no usable waste heat resource in the vehicle. The temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generator is insufficient to generate effective electrical energy output, so the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is not activated.

[0042] When the solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment are all not in use, the main battery is used to recharge the low-voltage battery. When the vehicle is parked, if there is no ambient light and the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is less than or equal to the ambient temperature, it indicates that the vehicle may have been parked in an underground parking lot for an extended period, causing the solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment to malfunction. In this situation, the vehicle receives no external wind, solar, or thermal energy converted into electrical energy. If not recharged promptly, the low-voltage battery will continue to deplete due to self-discharge and static power consumption, potentially leading to excessively low voltage and affecting subsequent use. Therefore, in this case, the main battery is used to recharge the low-voltage battery as a last resort to ensure that the low-voltage battery remains within a reasonable operating voltage range.

[0043] In addition, in step S1, when charging the low-voltage battery, this embodiment also adjusts the charging voltage of the low-voltage battery according to the ambient temperature, thereby preventing battery damage caused by a large difference between the charging voltage and the low-voltage battery voltage in low-temperature environments. The specific adjustment strategy includes: obtaining the current ambient temperature and adjusting the charging voltage of the low-voltage battery in a stepwise manner according to a preset temperature-voltage mapping relationship; wherein, in the temperature-voltage mapping relationship, the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the corresponding charging voltage. The temperature-voltage mapping relationship was established through extensive experimental testing and data analysis, reflecting the optimal charging voltage of the low-voltage battery under different ambient temperatures. In this mapping relationship, the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the corresponding charging voltage; the lower the ambient temperature, the lower the corresponding charging voltage. The design basis for this positive correlation is that in high-temperature environments, the battery has higher electrochemical reaction activity and lower internal resistance, allowing it to withstand higher charging voltages without generating excessive charging current; simultaneously, a higher charging voltage helps overcome the self-discharge tendency of the battery at high temperatures, maintaining the battery's state of charge. In low-temperature environments, reducing the supplementary voltage can decrease the difference between the charging voltage and the battery voltage, thereby controlling the charging current within a safe range and avoiding battery damage caused by high-current charging. Stepped adjustment refers to dividing a continuous temperature range into several temperature intervals, each corresponding to a fixed supplementary voltage value. When the ambient temperature changes from one interval to another, the supplementary voltage correspondingly jumps from one step to the next. Compared to continuous linear adjustment, this stepped adjustment method has advantages such as simplicity of implementation, stable control, and strong anti-interference capability, making it particularly suitable for the implementation of vehicle control systems.

[0044] Step S1, through the coordinated operation of multiple power generation nodes, achieves diversified and intelligent replenishment of the low-voltage battery, significantly reducing the frequency of power battery replenishment and energy consumption, thereby effectively extending the vehicle's effective driving range. By prioritizing the use of external power generation equipment for energy recovery, it achieves effective utilization of renewable and waste energy sources such as solar energy, waste heat, and wind energy, improving the vehicle's energy utilization efficiency and reducing dependence on traditional energy sources. By dynamically selecting the combination of power generation nodes according to the vehicle's status, it avoids the operation of power generation equipment under ineffective conditions, reducing unnecessary energy loss and mechanical wear, and improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the system. Through temperature-adaptive replenishment voltage regulation, it protects the charging safety of the low-voltage battery in low-temperature environments, slows down the aging rate of the battery, and extends its service life. Through the design of foldable solar panels, a good balance is achieved between driving performance and solar energy recovery efficiency, reducing wind resistance while driving and maximizing solar energy recovery when parked.

[0045] Referring to step S2, during the low-voltage battery charging process, the low-voltage battery voltage is collected in real time, and it is determined whether the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function are met. If met, the power battery charging function is activated; otherwise, it is not activated. In step S1, the low-voltage battery receives electrical energy through one or more power generation nodes, and its voltage level gradually increases. When the low-voltage battery voltage rises to a certain level, it indicates that the battery's state of charge is relatively sufficient, not only enough to meet the normal power supply needs of the vehicle's low-voltage electrical equipment, but also potentially having a certain energy margin. At this point, if the low-voltage battery continues to be charged at the same intensity, it may lead to overcharging of the battery or waste of power generation resources. Therefore, step S2 of this embodiment designs a reverse power battery charging mechanism, that is, when the low-voltage battery has sufficient charge, the charging of the low-voltage battery is stopped, and the low-voltage battery is used to discharge to charge the power battery, realizing bidirectional energy flow and optimized configuration.

[0046] In step S2, the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function include: Set the corresponding low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage according to the combination of activated power generation nodes; When the low-voltage battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to the currently set low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage, it is determined that the preset conditions for enabling the power battery charging function are met.

[0047] Different combinations of power generation nodes exhibit varying power generation characteristics and output stability. For instance, when only solar power generation equipment is activated, its power generation is significantly affected by sunlight intensity, resulting in noticeable output fluctuations. When only waste heat recovery power generation equipment is activated, its power generation is influenced by temperature differences, exhibiting relatively stable output but limited power levels. When wind power generation equipment is activated, its power generation is closely related to vehicle speed, potentially generating high instantaneous power during operation. When multiple power generation nodes are activated simultaneously, the total power generation is the sum of the power generation from each node, and its variation characteristics become even more complex. Therefore, setting different low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltages for different combinations of power generation nodes allows for assessment conditions that more closely reflect the actual charging process.

[0048] Specifically, for power generation node combinations with high power output or large output fluctuations, a relatively high recharge cutoff voltage can be set. This is because higher power output can quickly raise the low-voltage battery voltage to a higher level, and setting a higher cutoff voltage can fully utilize power generation resources while avoiding premature cessation of recharge and resulting waste of these resources. For power generation node combinations with lower power output or stable output, a relatively low recharge cutoff voltage can be set to ensure that, with limited charging power, the low-voltage battery receives sufficient energy replenishment and reaches a relatively full state of charge before initiating reverse recharge.

[0049] When the real-time collected low-voltage battery voltage is greater than or equal to the currently set low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage, it indicates that the low-voltage battery has received sufficient electrical energy replenishment, and its state of charge has reached or exceeded the preset sufficient level. At this time, it is determined that the conditions for enabling the power battery charging function are met, and the process proceeds to step S3. If the conditions are not met, it indicates that the state of charge of the low-voltage battery has not yet reached a sufficient level, and charging needs to continue. In this case, the power battery charging function is not enabled, and the process continues to execute in step S1.

[0050] Step S2 achieves precise control over the low-voltage battery charging process by real-time monitoring of the low-voltage battery voltage and setting differentiated charging cut-off voltages, avoiding overcharging or undercharging and protecting the chemical performance and physical structure of the low-voltage battery. By establishing activation conditions for the power battery charging function, a clear triggering mechanism is provided for bidirectional energy flow, making vehicle energy management more intelligent and refined. Setting different cut-off voltages based on the characteristics of the generator node combination makes the judgment conditions more closely match actual charging conditions, improving the adaptability and accuracy of control. Timely initiation of reverse charging when the low-voltage battery is sufficiently charged avoids waste of generator resources, optimizes energy allocation, and improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle.

[0051] Referring to step S3, when the power battery charging function is activated, the charging of the low-voltage battery is stopped, and the power battery is charged by discharging the low-voltage battery. During the process, the voltage of the low-voltage battery is also collected in real time.

[0052] When activating the power battery charging function, charging the low-voltage battery should be stopped first. When the low-voltage battery voltage reaches the charging cutoff voltage, it indicates that its state of charge is already sufficient, and continuing to charge may lead to overcharging. At the same time, stopping charging can release power generation resources or control resources to support the reverse charging process.

[0053] Simultaneously, the low-voltage battery discharges to replenish the power battery. This reverse energy flow requires a specialized power conversion device. In this embodiment, the DC / DC converter's operating mode is switched from buck mode to boost mode, thereby enabling energy transfer from the low-voltage battery to the power battery. Such bidirectional DC / DC converters have mature technologies in the electric vehicle field, enabling efficient bidirectional energy flow.

[0054] Step S3, by stopping the charging of the low-voltage battery and initiating reverse charging, achieves an intelligent switch in the energy flow direction of the entire vehicle, upgrading from unidirectional flow to bidirectional flow, making the vehicle's energy management more flexible and efficient. By transferring the excess electrical energy in the low-voltage battery to the power battery, the application scope of recycled electrical energy is expanded, the utilization efficiency of renewable and waste energy is improved, and the effective driving range of the entire vehicle is effectively extended. By monitoring the low-voltage battery voltage in real time during the reverse charging process, real-time data support is provided for the stop judgment in the subsequent step S4, ensuring safe control of the low-voltage battery discharge process and preventing damage to the battery from over-discharge.

[0055] Refer to step S4. Based on the low-voltage battery voltage collected during step S3, determine whether the preset power battery charging function stop condition is met. If it is met, stop the low-voltage battery charging the power battery and return to step S1.

[0056] During the reverse charging process in step S3, the low-voltage battery continuously outputs electrical energy to the power battery, with its internal chemical energy constantly being converted into electrical energy, resulting in a continuous decrease in its state of charge (SOC). When the SOC drops to a certain level, the battery's terminal voltage will decrease significantly. Continued discharge could lead to over-discharge, causing problems such as plate sulfation, abnormal decrease in electrolyte specific gravity, and permanent loss of battery capacity, severely damaging the battery's performance and lifespan. Therefore, a clear stopping condition must be set to terminate the reverse charging process promptly when the low-voltage battery voltage drops to a safe threshold.

[0057] Specifically, the preset conditions for stopping the power battery charging function in this embodiment include: The low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage is preset. When the low-voltage battery voltage is less than or equal to the low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage, it is determined that the power battery charging function stops.

[0058] When the real-time collected low-voltage battery voltage is less than or equal to the discharge cutoff voltage, it indicates that the state of charge of the low-voltage battery has dropped to a level requiring protection, and continued discharge will damage the battery. At this time, it is determined that the conditions for stopping the power battery charging function are met, and the control system issues a command to stop the low-voltage battery from charging the power battery. After charging stops, the process returns to step S1 and restarts the charging process for the low-voltage battery. This cyclical structure ensures that the voltage of the low-voltage battery is always maintained within a reasonable range: charging is initiated when the voltage is lower than the charging threshold, reverse charging is initiated when the voltage is higher than the charging cutoff voltage, and reverse charging stops and charging restarts when the voltage is lower than the discharge cutoff voltage, forming a complete closed-loop control.

[0059] During actual vehicle operation, the voltage of the low-voltage battery may fluctuate slightly due to various factors. This voltage fluctuation can lead to frequent start-stop cycles of the battery charging function: charging may start when the voltage is slightly below a threshold, stop after the voltage recovers slightly, and then start again when the voltage drops again, repeating this cycle. Frequent start-stop cycles not only increase the computational and communication load on the control system but also cause frequent operation of actuators such as relays, reducing their mechanical and electrical lifespan. Furthermore, each time charging is initiated, the generator and control circuits require a certain setup time; frequent start-stop cycles result in a significant waste of time during this setup process, reducing actual energy transfer efficiency.

[0060] To address the aforementioned issues, in step S4, this embodiment, after stopping the low-voltage battery's recharging of the power battery, re-obtains the current low-voltage battery voltage and determines the corresponding interval time based on this voltage using a lookup table. After the interval time expires, it returns to step S1. The lookup table used is a preset table relating low-voltage battery voltage to interval time. The design of this table follows the principle that the lower the low-voltage battery voltage, the shorter the corresponding interval time. This is because when the low-voltage battery voltage is low, it indicates insufficient state of charge, requiring prompt recharging to prevent over-discharge; therefore, the interval time should be short. When the low-voltage battery voltage is high, it indicates relatively sufficient state of charge, and even without recharging in the short term, no immediate safety issues will arise; therefore, a longer interval time can be set to further reduce the frequency of recharging. Through this voltage-related interval time design, refined control of the recharging sequence is achieved, minimizing unnecessary recharging operations while ensuring the safety of the low-voltage battery.

[0061] Step S4 implements closed-loop control of the intelligent charging process, ensuring that the low-voltage battery voltage is always maintained within a reasonable range, thus guaranteeing a stable power supply to the vehicle's low-voltage electrical system. By introducing an interval time mechanism, the frequent start-stop of the charging function is significantly reduced, lowering the operational burden on the control system and the frequency of operation of actuators such as relays, thereby improving system reliability and lifespan. By determining the interval time through a lookup table, refined and differentiated control of the charging sequence is achieved, allowing the interval time to adaptively adjust according to the actual state of the low-voltage battery, optimizing energy consumption while ensuring safety.

[0062] When low-voltage lead-acid batteries are used for a long time, irreversible sulfation occurs inside the battery, causing a gradual increase in internal resistance. Increased internal resistance leads to a decrease in capacity, which in turn causes frequent triggering of intelligent charging, resulting in a reduction in the vehicle's driving range. For this reason, see... Figure 2 The intelligent power replenishment method in this embodiment also includes: After the vehicle is powered off, check whether the preset pulse internal resistance repair trigger conditions are met; If the conditions are met, then pulse internal resistance repair should be performed on the low-voltage battery.

[0063] This involves repairing internal resistance through pulse stimulation, thereby reducing the internal resistance of low-voltage batteries. This extends battery life and reduces the frequency of voltage reduction and recharging of high-voltage batteries.

[0064] The preset pulse internal resistance repair triggering conditions include: The vehicle's total mileage reaches the preset pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage. or; The vehicle's total mileage reflects the actual usage intensity of the vehicle; the higher the mileage, the more charge-discharge cycles the battery undergoes, and the greater the likelihood of increased internal resistance. The vehicle's total mileage reflects the battery's natural aging process; even with low mileage, prolonged storage and use will lead to gradual degradation of battery performance. Therefore, regardless of which condition is met first, the pulse internal resistance repair process is triggered.

[0065] Furthermore, the pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage or pulse internal resistance repair threshold time is increased by a factor of n after each repair, where n is a preset value greater than or equal to 1. In the early stages of battery use, its performance is good, and the internal resistance increases relatively quickly, thus requiring more frequent repairs, and the threshold setting is relatively low. As the number of repairs increases, the battery gradually enters a stable operating period, and the rate of internal resistance increase tends to level off. Excessively frequent repairs not only have limited effectiveness but may also cause unnecessary disturbances to the battery. Therefore, by gradually increasing the threshold, the repair interval is gradually extended, ensuring the effectiveness of the repair while avoiding the negative impacts of over-repair.

[0066] The pulse internal resistance repair process described in this embodiment includes: First, all low-voltage devices except the low-voltage battery are removed from the low-voltage circuit. Pulse signals may contain high instantaneous voltage or current; if other low-voltage devices are connected in the low-voltage circuit, it may cause overvoltage or overcurrent damage to their electronic components. Therefore, before starting repairs, all other devices in the low-voltage circuit must be disconnected, leaving only the low-voltage battery connected. In this embodiment, this operation is achieved by the vehicle controller controlling a relay in the low-voltage circuit. The vehicle controller issues a disconnect command, the relay contacts separate, and all low-voltage devices except the low-voltage battery are removed from the low-voltage circuit.

[0067] Then, the pulse discharge circuit is controlled to initiate pulse discharge for low-voltage battery internal resistance repair. The working principle of pulse discharge is based on multiple effects of electrochemistry and physics: high-frequency pulse current can generate periodic current density changes on the electrode surface. The mechanical vibration and electroosmotic effect generated by this change help to destroy the structure of coarse lead sulfate crystals; the intermittent nature of the pulse current allows the electrolyte sufficient time to diffuse into the electrode during the pulse interval, renewing the ion concentration on the electrode surface, promoting the dissolution of lead sulfate and the regeneration of active materials; pulses of a specific frequency may also resonate with the lattice vibration of lead sulfate crystals, further promoting crystal decomposition.

[0068] Secondly, after the pulse discharge reaches the preset cutoff time, the pulse discharge stops, completing the pulse repair. The cutoff time needs to be set by comprehensively considering the repair effect and the impact on the battery. If the time is too short, the repair effect will be insufficient; if the time is too long, it may cause excessive electrochemical shock to the battery plates, or even trigger side reactions.

[0069] Finally, all low-voltage devices except the low-voltage battery are reconnected to the low-voltage circuit. After the repair is complete, the vehicle controller activates the relays to reconnect the previously disconnected low-voltage devices to the low-voltage circuit, restoring the vehicle's normal low-voltage power supply. At this point, the low-voltage battery has completed its internal resistance repair, its internal resistance value has been reduced, and its capacity has been restored to some extent.

[0070] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the vehicle controller detects that the total mileage of the vehicle has reached a preset pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage, or that the vehicle's working calendar time has reached a pulse internal resistance repair threshold time, the vehicle controller disconnects the relay in the low-voltage circuit. At this time, all low-voltage devices except the low-voltage battery are removed from the low-voltage circuit to prevent high-voltage pulses from damaging low-voltage electrical equipment. Subsequently, the vehicle controller issues a pulse internal resistance repair request. After receiving the pulse internal resistance repair request, the DC / DC converter controls the pulse discharge circuit to start pulse discharge to repair the low-voltage battery's internal resistance. During the pulse discharge process, the pulse discharge time is recorded in real time. After the pulse discharge time reaches a preset cutoff time, the pulse discharge stops, completing the pulse repair. The vehicle controller then reconnects the relay, reconnecting all low-voltage devices except the low-voltage battery back to the low-voltage circuit. Finally, the vehicle controller updates the pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage or pulse internal resistance repair threshold time and saves it in local memory.

[0071] This embodiment effectively reduces the problem of increased internal resistance in low-voltage batteries after long-term use by periodically performing pulse internal resistance repair, thus restoring some of the battery's capacity.

[0072] This embodiment also provides an intelligent charging system for electric vehicles, using the aforementioned intelligent charging method for electric vehicles, such as... Figure 3As shown, the system includes a low-voltage battery, an external power generation device, a power battery, and a DC / DC converter. The external power generation device is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery to replenish its power. The power battery is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery through the DC / DC converter to replenish its power, or to replenish its power with the help of the low-voltage battery.

[0073] This embodiment also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle.

[0074] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that the computer program is executed by a processor to perform the above-described intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle.

[0075] The present invention has been described above by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-described manner. Any non-substantial improvements made using the inventive concept and technical solution; or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent power replenishment of an electric vehicle, the method comprising: The method includes: ​ Step S1: When the low-voltage battery voltage is lower than the preset threshold, the power replenishment is triggered. At this time, different combinations of power generation nodes are activated to replenish the low-voltage battery according to the vehicle status. Step S2: Collect the low-voltage battery voltage in real time and determine whether the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function are met; if they are met, continue to the next step. Step S3: Stop charging the low-voltage battery and simultaneously charge the power battery by discharging the low-voltage battery. During the process, the voltage of the low-voltage battery is collected in real time. Step S4: Determine whether the preset power battery charging function stop condition is met based on the low-voltage battery voltage; if it is met, stop the low-voltage battery charging the power battery and return to step S1.

2. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation node includes external power generation equipment and power batteries. The external power generation equipment includes solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment.

3. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: Different combinations of generator nodes are activated to replenish the low-voltage battery based on the vehicle's status, including: If the vehicle is in motion, the wind power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If ambient light is present, the solar power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If the vehicle's heat dissipation temperature is higher than the ambient temperature, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment will be activated; otherwise, it will not be activated. If the solar power generation equipment, waste heat recovery power generation equipment, and wind power generation equipment are all not in use, then the power battery will be used to replenish the low-voltage storage battery.

4. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery power generation equipment includes a semiconductor thermoelectric generator.

5. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery power generation equipment is installed on the vehicle's cooling system, including the vehicle's radiator.

6. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that: For electric vehicles equipped with range extenders, the waste heat recovery power generation equipment is also installed on the vehicle's exhaust pipe.

7. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, when replenishing the low-voltage battery, the replenishment voltage of the low-voltage battery is adjusted according to the ambient temperature.

8. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: The strategy for adjusting the low-voltage battery charging voltage based on ambient temperature includes: obtaining the current ambient temperature and adjusting the low-voltage battery charging voltage in a stepwise manner according to a preset temperature-voltage mapping relationship; wherein, in the temperature-voltage mapping relationship, the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the corresponding charging voltage.

9. The intelligent power supplementing method of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the preset conditions for activating the power battery charging function include: Set the corresponding low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage according to the combination of activated power generation nodes; When the low-voltage battery voltage is detected to be greater than or equal to the currently set low-voltage battery charging cutoff voltage, it is determined that the preset conditions for enabling the power battery charging function are met.

10. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the preset conditions for stopping the power battery charging function include: The low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage is preset. When the low-voltage battery voltage is less than or equal to the low-voltage battery discharge cutoff voltage, it is determined that the power battery charging function stops.

11. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further includes: After the vehicle is powered off, check whether the preset pulse internal resistance repair trigger conditions are met; If the conditions are met, then pulse internal resistance repair should be performed on the low-voltage battery.

12. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The preset pulse internal resistance repair trigger conditions include: The vehicle's total mileage reaches the preset pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage. or; The vehicle's working calendar time reaches the pulse internal resistance repair threshold time.

13. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 12, characterized in that: The pulse internal resistance repair threshold mileage or pulse internal resistance repair threshold time is increased by n times after each repair is completed, where n is a preset value greater than or equal to 1.

14. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 11, characterized in that: The pulse internal resistance repair process includes: First, remove all low-voltage equipment except for the low-voltage battery from the low-voltage circuit; Then, control the pulse discharge circuit to start pulse discharge to repair the internal resistance of the low-voltage battery; Secondly, after the pulse discharge reaches the preset cutoff time, the pulse discharge stops, and the pulse repair is completed. Finally, reconnect all low-voltage equipment except the low-voltage battery to the low-voltage circuit.

15. The intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, after stopping the low-voltage battery from replenishing the power battery, the current low-voltage battery voltage is obtained, and the corresponding interval time is determined by looking up the table based on the voltage. After the interval time is over, the process returns to step S1. The table used for looking up the low-voltage battery voltage and interval time is a preset table of correspondence between low-voltage battery voltage and interval time.

16. An intelligent charging system for an electric vehicle, using an intelligent charging method for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that: The system includes a low-voltage battery, an external power generation device, a power battery, and a DC / DC converter. The external power generation device is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery to replenish its power. The power battery is electrically connected to the low-voltage battery via the DC / DC converter to replenish its power, or to replenish its power with the help of the low-voltage battery.

17. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the intelligent power replenishment method for an electric vehicle as described in any one of claims 1-15.

18. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is run by the processor, it executes the intelligent power replenishment method for an electric vehicle as described in any one of claims 1-15.

Images