Electrostatic protection device, method and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses an electrostatic protection device, method and vehicle. The electrostatic protection device comprises a radio frequency antenna front end module and a first protection module, and the output end of the radio frequency antenna front end module is connected with the input end of the first protection module. The radio frequency antenna front end module is configured to access external radio frequency antenna signals. The first protection module is configured to be in a conduction state when the radio frequency antenna signals carry electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses within a preset safety threshold, and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses. The application can effectively inhibit the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses by performing the first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses through the first protection module, thereby avoiding the failure of radio frequency devices and improving the stability and reliability of vehicle-mounted radio frequency communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection technology, specifically to an ESD protection device, method, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, automotive RF antenna ports generally employ single-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection, which is a limited protection layer. Single-level ESD protection can only cope with conventional electrostatic interference. In the face of complex automotive operating conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and electromagnetic interference, it is difficult to effectively suppress high-voltage pulses and residual electrostatic currents caused by electrostatic discharge (ESD), which can lead to RF device failure and result in low stability and reliability of automotive RF communication. Summary of the Invention

[0003] An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device, method, and vehicle are provided. The first protection module performs a first discharge operation on the ESD current generated by the high voltage pulse of ESD, which can effectively suppress the ESD current generated by the high voltage pulse of ESD, thereby avoiding the failure of radio frequency devices and improving the stability and reliability of vehicle-mounted radio frequency communication.

[0004] In a first aspect, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device is provided, comprising: a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module, wherein the output terminal of the RF antenna front-end module is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module; wherein, The radio frequency antenna front-end module is configured to receive external radio frequency antenna signals; The first protection module is configured to: be in a conducting state when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse.

[0005] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a second protection module; the input terminal of the second protection module is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module, and the output terminal of the second protection module is connected to the device to be protected; wherein, the second protection module is configured to: after performing a second discharge operation on an electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold, transmit the radio frequency antenna signal to the device to be protected.

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a discharge module; the input terminal of the discharge module is connected to the first protection module and the second protection module respectively, and the output terminal of the discharge module is grounded; wherein, the discharge module is configured to: perform a first discharge operation corresponding to the first protection module and / or a second discharge operation corresponding to the second protection module.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a detection module; the input terminal of the detection module is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module, and the output terminal of the detection module is connected to the first protection module; wherein, the detection module is configured to: generate a detection signal when the radio frequency antenna signal input to the radio frequency antenna front-end module carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; the detection signal is used to indicate that the first protection module is in a conducting state; the first protection module is configured to: be in a conducting state in response to the detection signal.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a display module; the display module is connected to the detection module; wherein the display module is configured to display an alarm prompt when the detection module outputs a detection signal.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: an isolation module; one end of the isolation module is connected to the first protection module, and the other end is connected to the second protection module; wherein, the isolation module is configured to: isolate the first protection module and the second protection module when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, until the first protection module completes the first discharge operation; the isolation module is further configured to: release the isolation between the first protection module and the second protection module after the first protection module completes the first discharge operation.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the first protection module includes: a delay control unit, a control unit, and an adjustable resonant unit; one end of the delay control unit is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module, and the other end is connected to the control unit; the other end of the control unit is connected to the adjustable resonant unit, and the adjustable resonant unit is connected to the second protection module; wherein, the delay control unit is configured to: lock the level state of the control unit according to a preset time constant; the control unit is configured to: control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold when a detection signal is detected, and perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; the adjustable resonant unit is configured to: match the impedance of the first protection module to filter out high-frequency electrostatic interference.

[0011] Secondly, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection method is also provided, applied to an ESD protection device. The ESD protection device includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The output terminal of the RF antenna front-end module is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module. The method includes: accessing an external RF antenna signal through the RF antenna front-end module; ensuring the first protection module is in a conducting state when the RF antenna signal carries an ESD high-voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and performing a first discharge operation on the ESD current generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes a second protection module; the input terminal of the second protection module is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module, and the output terminal of the second protection module is connected to the device to be protected. The method further includes: after performing a second discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold through the second protection module, transmitting the radio frequency antenna signal to the device to be protected.

[0013] Thirdly, a vehicle is also provided, including an on-board radio frequency antenna port, the on-board radio frequency antenna port including an electrostatic protection device as described in the first aspect.

[0014] In summary, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in this application includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The RF antenna front-end module is used to access external RF antenna signals, and the first protection module can be turned on when the RF antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulse, clamping the transient voltage within a preset safety threshold range and completing the first stage of electrostatic discharge current discharge. Based on the ESD protection device provided in this application, the ESD current caused by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulse can be effectively suppressed, significantly reducing the impact of electrostatic interference on RF devices and preventing RF devices from malfunctioning due to electrostatic shock. Simultaneously, this protection structure is adaptable to complex automotive operating conditions and can stably cope with ESD problems in scenarios such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference, significantly improving the overall stability and reliability of automotive RF communication. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of ESD test level voltage parameters provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of electrostatic discharge protection with increased shunt inductance provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a contact-type electrostatic detection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic protection device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7This is a circuit diagram of an electrostatic protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of an electrostatic protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of another electrostatic discharge protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of an electrostatic protection method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart of another electrostatic protection method provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In the following description, specific embodiments of this application will be illustrated with reference to steps and symbols performed by one or more computers, unless otherwise stated. Therefore, these steps and operations will be referred to several times as being performed by a computer. Computer performance as referred to in this application includes operations performed by a computer processing unit on electronic signals represented by data in a structured format. This operation transforms the data or maintains it at a location in the computer's memory system, which can be reconfigured or otherwise alter the operation of the computer in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The data structure maintained by the data is the physical location of the memory, which has specific characteristics defined by the data format. However, the principles of this application are illustrated with specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will understand that many of the steps and operations described below can also be implemented in hardware.

[0019] The terms "module" or "unit" as used in this application can be considered as software objects executing on the computing system. The different components, modules, engines, and services described in this application can be considered as implementation objects on the computing system. While the apparatus and methods described in this application are preferably implemented in software, they can also be implemented in hardware, both of which are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in the specification of this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. It should be understood that when an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0021] In related technologies, with the widespread application of communication technologies, the automotive communication industry has rapidly developed multi-functional applications, and the Internet of Things has become an extremely important part of life. Static electricity generated during switching operations or contact use of automotive multi-functional application interfaces (Universal Serial Bus (USB), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot, headphone / microphone audio, power, function buttons, network interface, and antenna terminal, etc.) can affect the actual user experience. Under the influence of high load, high temperature, high humidity, over-electrical stress, and electromagnetic interference, ESD-induced damage to electronic components and signal distortion will lead to a decline or even interruption of communication performance, thereby causing vehicle uncontrollable states. ESD-affected automotive communication will seriously endanger driving safety.

[0022] First, let's introduce and explain ESD.

[0023] ESD refers to electrostatic charge transfer that occurs when there is a difference in electrostatic potential between two objects. Instantaneous discharges can be caused by direct contact or the formation of an electrostatic field. ESD can cause serious damage to sensitive electronic devices. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of ESD test level voltage parameters provided in an embodiment of this application. The device accumulates static electricity internally due to friction or other factors, but no damage occurs during the accumulation process; the internal static electricity is released to ground through the pins. In ESD design, circuit stability is affected by ESD protection circuitry. Analysis using a Smith chart helps to understand the design of RF source stability and ESD sensitivity. Various metrics are available for evaluating RF circuit stability, which can be verified by implementing the stability characteristics of a two-port network.

[0024] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of electrostatic discharge protection by adding a shunt inductor according to an embodiment of this application. The ESD characteristics of a certain device to be protected do not meet the requirements. Adding a shunt inductor near the pin actually puts it in a secondary ESD protection state, but the effect is not significant. If it responds quickly to a large voltage and an overcurrent occurs, it will still cause the chip device to fail.

[0025] To at least partially address one or more of the aforementioned problems and other potential issues, this application proposes an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection scheme. This scheme includes: a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module, with the output terminal of the RF antenna front-end module connected to the input terminal of the first protection module. The RF antenna front-end module is configured to receive an external RF antenna signal. The first protection module is configured to be in a conducting state when the RF antenna signal carries an ESD high-voltage pulse, thereby controlling the transient voltage generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the ESD current generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse. Based on this, this application, through the first protection module performing a first discharge operation on the ESD current generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse, can effectively suppress the ESD current generated by the ESD high-voltage pulse, thereby preventing RF device failure and improving the stability and reliability of vehicle-mounted RF communication.

[0026] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in an embodiment of this application. This ESD protection device can be deployed in the port of an automotive RF antenna to provide ESD protection for automotive RF devices. Figure 3 As shown, the electrostatic discharge protection device includes: a radio frequency antenna front-end module 100 and a first protection module 200, wherein the output terminal of the radio frequency antenna front-end module 100 is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module 200.

[0027] The radio frequency antenna front-end module 100 is configured to receive external radio frequency antenna signals; The first protection module 200 is configured to: be in a conducting state when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse.

[0028] The RF antenna front-end module 100 is used to access external RF antenna signals (including audio / video, RF, charging / discharging power, SIM card, etc.) for various functional scenarios. External RF antenna signals refer to communication signals input from external RF antennas in the vehicle. These signals are transmitted through the RF antenna front-end module 100 to subsequent protection and processing circuits. In daily use, static electricity accumulated in the external environment may enter the vehicle's internal circuitry along with the RF antenna signals, potentially damaging sensitive RF processing devices.

[0029] The first protection module 200 can employ an ESD transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS), or other transient voltage suppression devices such as a semiconductor discharge tube or a gas discharge tube. This allows for a rapid response to high-voltage pulses generated by electrostatic discharge, clamping the transient voltage within a preset safety threshold range after conduction. Simultaneously, it discharges most of the electrostatic discharge current through a grounding loop, significantly reducing the impact intensity of the electrostatic pulse on subsequent circuits. The first protection module 200 is the main protection module in the electrostatic protection device, undertaking the task of discharging most of the high-intensity electrostatic discharge impacts. It can suppress electrostatic discharge pulses in their early stages, reducing the threat of electrostatic discharge to the protected devices from the source.

[0030] Electrostatic discharge (ESD) high-voltage pulses refer to the instantaneous high-voltage pulses formed by the rapid transfer of charge during ESD. They are characterized by a steep rise time, high peak voltage, and short duration. If an ESD high-voltage pulse directly enters a sensitive downstream circuit, it can break down the insulating layer of semiconductor devices, interfere with logic levels, and even cause irreversible hardware damage.

[0031] The first protection module 200 being in the conducting state means that when the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse voltage carried in the external radio frequency antenna signal reaches the trigger threshold of the detection unit in the first protection module 200, the first protection module 200 quickly switches from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conducting state, so that the large current generated by electrostatic discharge can be discharged through the first protection module 200, while clamping the transient voltage within a preset safe range.

[0032] The transient voltage generated by an electrostatic discharge (ESD) high-voltage pulse refers to the instantaneous peak voltage formed at circuit nodes during ESD due to rapid charge transfer. This transient voltage acts on the downstream radio frequency (RF) devices to be protected. If it exceeds the device's withstand voltage range, it can cause device breakdown or erroneous logic triggering. Through the clamping action of the first protection module 200, the peak value of this transient voltage can be firmly limited to the safe voltage range of the protected device, preventing damage caused by the transient voltage exceeding the preset safety threshold.

[0033] The preset safety threshold refers to the maximum safe peak voltage that the protected RF device can withstand. The preset safety threshold can be preset according to the rated withstand voltage parameters of the protected device to ensure that the transient voltage after being clamped by the first protection module 200 does not exceed the device's tolerance range, thus completing the first layer of electrostatic protection at the voltage level.

[0034] The first discharge operation is performed by the first protection module 200 and the discharge module 400. The first discharge operation involves discharging most of the electrostatic discharge current through the pre-set grounded discharge module 400. After the first protection module 200 completes the first discharge operation, a small amount of residual static electricity with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold may remain in the circuit. After the first protection module 200 completes the first discharge operation, the isolation between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 is released, and the second protection module 300 performs a second discharge operation to dissipate the small amount of residual static electricity with an amplitude lower than the preset amplitude threshold. In this way, the first discharge operation handles most of the high-intensity electrostatic discharge impact, completing the first layer of electrostatic protection at the current level, significantly reducing the electrostatic impact intensity that the second protection module 300 needs to withstand during the second discharge operation.

[0035] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in this application embodiment. The ESD protection device, along the radio frequency (RF) signal transmission path, sequentially includes an RF antenna front-end module 100, a first protection module 200, an isolation module 600, and a second protection module 300. The output terminal of the second protection module 300 is connected to the device to be protected. The second protection module 300 outputs control signals to the first protection module 200 and the isolation module 600 respectively, achieving closed-loop linkage. The RF antenna front-end module 100 receives external RF signals, the first protection module 200 completes the first-stage discharge of high-voltage ESD, the isolation module 600 can cut off the path between the preceding and following stages, the discharge module 400 provides an ESD grounding loop, the detection module 500 identifies ESD pulses in real time, and the second protection module 300 filters out residual ESD.

[0036] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a contact-type electrostatic discharge (ESD) test provided in an embodiment of this application. The device under test (DUT) equipped with a multi-level ESD protection device is placed on the platform. The ESD device connects to the RF port of the DUT via a discharge probe. The entire setup, along with a grounding cable, forms a complete ESD test circuit. This configuration is used to conduct ESD tests on module interfaces and antenna pins. By applying ESD pulses through the ESD device, the voltage and current signals at the DUT's ports are collected to determine whether the RF link or sensitive chip devices have experienced functional failure. Combined with transmission line pulse (TLP) tests and simulation data, circuit protection performance verification and device selection optimization are completed.

[0037] In summary, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in this application includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The RF antenna front-end module is used to access external RF antenna signals, and the first protection module can be turned on when the RF antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulse, clamping the transient voltage within a preset safety threshold range and completing the first stage of electrostatic discharge current discharge. Based on the ESD protection device provided in this application, the ESD current caused by the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulse can be effectively suppressed, significantly reducing the impact of electrostatic interference on RF devices and preventing RF devices from malfunctioning due to electrostatic shock. Simultaneously, this protection structure is adaptable to complex automotive operating conditions and can stably cope with ESD problems in scenarios such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference, significantly improving the overall stability and reliability of automotive RF communication.

[0038] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a second protection module 300; the input terminal of the second protection module 300 is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module 200, and the output terminal of the second protection module 300 is connected to the device to be protected; wherein, the second protection module 300 is configured to: after performing a second discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold, transmit the radio frequency antenna signal to the device to be protected.

[0039] The second protection module 300 can adopt a structure primarily composed of inductors, supplemented by resistors and capacitors, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOS), diodes, and other components. For the small-amplitude electrostatic discharge current remaining after the first protection module 200 discharges, the second protection module 300 can utilize the DC-passing, AC-blocking characteristic of inductors to block the residual electrostatic transient pulses. Furthermore, the residual static electricity is further discharged to ground through the discharge module 400, completely eliminating the threat of residual static electricity to downstream devices. Through the synergistic effect of the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300, both the rapid discharge of high-intensity electrostatic shocks by the first protection module 200, preventing its failure due to excessive instantaneous load, and the elimination of the effects of residual static electricity by the second protection module 300, achieving multi-layered interception of electrostatic hazards and improving the overall protection effect.

[0040] Devices under protection refer to sensitive radio frequency chips or other functional circuits inside a vehicle that receive and process radio frequency antenna signals. Devices under protection have low tolerance to electrostatic discharge pulses. Even a small amount of residual static electricity may cause signal distortion or performance damage. They need to undergo two levels of protection before they can be connected to safe operating signals.

[0041] Electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than the preset amplitude threshold refers to the low-intensity electrostatic discharge current remaining in the circuit after the first protection module 200 has discharged most of the high-intensity electrostatic discharge current. This current's peak current does not meet the preset current amplitude requirement. Because of its low amplitude, the first protection module 200 cannot completely discharge electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than the preset amplitude threshold. If directly input to the downstream device to be protected, it will still interfere with the normal operation of the device and may even cause cumulative damage. Therefore, the second protection module 300 is needed to further discharge electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than the preset amplitude threshold. The preset amplitude threshold refers to the maximum electrostatic discharge current amplitude that the first protection module 200 can completely discharge, which can be set based on the discharge capability of the first protection module 200 and the maximum current that the device to be protected can withstand.

[0042] The second discharge operation refers to the second discharge operation performed by the second protection module 300 and the discharge module 400. The second discharge operation further discharges the small-amplitude electrostatic discharge current remaining after the first discharge operation. Specifically, utilizing the inductor's blocking characteristic of high-frequency transient electrostatic current in the second protection module 300, the residual electrostatic discharge current is guided to the discharge module 400, discharging all residual static electricity to ground. This prevents residual static electricity from entering the downstream protected devices, completing a second layer of electrostatic protection at the current level and completely eliminating the threat of electrostatic discharge to sensitive devices. This second discharge operation serves to supplement the protective effect of the first discharge operation. While reducing the current surge intensity experienced by the second protection module 300, it fills in the small-amplitude electrostatic protection blind spot not covered by the first discharge operation, achieving synergistic cooperation between the two levels of protection and maximizing the overall electrostatic protection effect.

[0043] Transmitting RF antenna signals to the device under protection means transmitting the RF antenna signals, which have undergone two stages of electrostatic discharge processing and retain only the normal communication range, to the device under protection. This ensures that the device under protection only receives operating signals that meet safety standards and is not affected by electrostatic pulses, thus maintaining normal RF signal processing.

[0044] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a discharge module 400; the input terminal of the discharge module 400 is connected to the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 respectively, and the output terminal of the discharge module 400 is grounded; wherein, the discharge module 400 is configured to: perform a first discharge operation corresponding to the first protection module 200 and / or a second discharge operation corresponding to the second protection module 300.

[0045] The discharge module 400 is a unit that provides a low-resistance grounding path for electrostatic discharge current. It can use printed circuit board (PCB) grounding copper foil or a dedicated grounding terminal, and is connected to the main power supply through a metal ring to ensure low impedance. It is used to connect the metal ring contact point, which includes a voltage ground loop to provide a smooth discharge path for the electrostatic discharge current discharged by the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300, ensuring that the electrostatic charge can be quickly released to ground and avoiding the accumulation of charge in the circuit to form a secondary impact.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: a detection module 500; the input terminal of the detection module 500 is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module 100, and the output terminal of the detection module 500 is connected to the first protection module 200; wherein, the detection module 500 is configured to generate a detection signal when the radio frequency antenna signal input to the radio frequency antenna front-end module 100 carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; the detection signal is used to indicate that the first protection module is in a conducting state; the first protection module 200 is configured to be in a conducting state in response to the detection signal.

[0047] The detection module 500 is a monitoring unit used to monitor the amplitude of the input RF antenna signal voltage in real time. The detection module 500 employs a high-speed voltage comparison circuit to compare the input signal voltage with a preset trigger threshold in real time. Once a high-voltage electrostatic discharge pulse exceeding the trigger threshold appears in the input signal, a detection signal is immediately generated, transmitting a conduction trigger command to the first protection module 200. This ensures that the first protection module 200 can respond quickly to the electrostatic pulse, preventing response delays that could lead to protection failure. Thus, through the active triggering of the detection module 500, the response speed of the first protection module 200 can be further improved, optimizing the timeliness of the electrostatic protection device's suppression of electrostatic pulses and avoiding situations where the high-voltage pulse has already entered the subsequent circuitry before protection is activated due to device lag.

[0048] The detection signal refers to the detection signal generated by the detection module 500 after it detects that the electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulse exceeds the trigger threshold. This detection signal can directly act on the control terminal of the first protection module 200, triggering the first protection module 200 to switch from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conduction state. This ensures that the first protection module 200 completes its conduction action before the electrostatic high-voltage pulse enters the subsequent circuit, providing a discharge path for the electrostatic discharge current and achieving early triggering and early suppression of the electrostatic pulse.

[0049] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of another electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in this application embodiment. The power supply terminal supplies power to both the device to be protected and the discharge module 400. The signal terminal of the device to be protected is connected to the detection module 500. The device to be protected and the detection module 500 are both connected to ground. The discharge module 400 is reconnected to the power supply terminal to form a dedicated large power discharge channel. The detection module 500 collects the current-voltage (IV) characteristics and leakage current changes of the device to be protected in real time to determine whether the device to be protected has experienced functional failure. The discharge module 400 can discharge instantaneous large ESD current to the main ground terminal through the dedicated power channel to achieve ESD protection for the device to be protected and the circuit.

[0050] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic protection device further includes: a display module 700; the display module 700 is connected to the detection module 500; wherein, the display module 700 is configured to display an alarm prompt when the detection module 500 outputs a detection signal.

[0051] The display module 700 can be installed in the alarm notification unit of the vehicle dashboard or the in-vehicle central control area. When the detection module 500 detects a high-voltage electrostatic discharge pulse and triggers the protection action, the display module 700 can issue an alarm notification to the driver and passengers through text prompts, icon flashing, or voice broadcast, reminding them that the vehicle's radio frequency front end has detected an electrostatic shock. If the electrostatic protection device frequently triggers this alarm, it can prompt the user to promptly go to the station to check the insulation structure of the vehicle's radio frequency antenna, and check for faults that can easily induce electrostatic accumulation, such as insulation wear or antenna sealing failure. This facilitates timely maintenance of the vehicle's electrostatic protection-related components and further improves the long-term stability of the vehicle's radio frequency system.

[0052] If a single electrostatic shock is small and has been completely discharged, only an event log can be recorded and a low-priority alert can be displayed. If multiple electrostatic shocks are detected consecutively or the amplitude of a single shock approaches the maximum withstand threshold of the protective device, a high-priority alarm will be triggered. This will be combined with the flashing of the vehicle's malfunction indicator light to remind the user to have the device repaired in a timely manner. This approach meets the alert requirements for electrostatic events of different severity levels without interfering with the user's normal driving, balancing alarm effectiveness and user experience.

[0053] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes: an isolation module 600; one end of the isolation module 600 is connected to the first protection module 200, and the other end is connected to the second protection module 300; wherein, the isolation module 600 is configured to: isolate the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, until the first protection module 200 completes the first discharge operation; the isolation module 600 is also configured to: release the isolation between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 after the first protection module 200 completes the first discharge operation.

[0054] The isolation module 600 is an isolation unit located between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300, and its on / off state can be switched using high-speed switching devices. During the first discharge operation of the first protection module 200, the isolation module 600 maintains an open-circuit isolation state between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300, preventing high-intensity electrostatic discharge from directly entering the second protection module 300, completely avoiding the impact of large current on the second protection module 300 and subsequent protected devices, further reducing the load on the second protection module 300, extending its service life, and improving protection reliability. After the first protection module 200 has completed most of the electrostatic discharge, the isolation module 600 switches to the conducting state, transmitting the signal of residual small-amplitude electrostatic discharge to the second protection module 300 for further processing. This two-stage protection process achieves layered interception, maximizing the protection capabilities of each module.

[0055] Isolating the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 means cutting off the signal path between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 during the discharge of high-intensity electrostatic discharge current by the first protection module 200. This prevents high-intensity electrostatic discharge high-voltage pulses from being directly transmitted to the second-level protection circuit and the downstream devices to be protected. It intercepts high-intensity electrostatic shocks at the path level, allowing the first protection module 200 to complete most of the high-current discharge work alone. This not only avoids damage to the components of the second protection module 300 due to high-current overload, but also further reduces the risk of downstream sensitive devices being directly subjected to electrostatic shocks.

[0056] Releasing the isolation between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 means that after the first protection module 200 completes the discharge of the high-intensity electrostatic discharge current, the signal path between the first protection module 200 and the second protection module 300 is reconnected. This allows the radio frequency antenna signal, which only has a small amplitude of static electricity remaining after the first discharge operation, to be normally input into the second protection module 300. The second protection module 300 then completes the subsequent discharge of residual static electricity, ensuring that the two-stage protection process proceeds in an orderly manner according to the order of "discharging the large impact first, and then processing the small residue". This fully leverages the performance advantages of each of the two protection modules, avoids module overload failure, and ensures the stability and reliability of the overall protection process.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first protection module 200 includes: a delay control unit 2001, a control unit 2002, and an adjustable resonant unit 2003; one end of the delay control unit 2001 is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module 100, and the other end is connected to the control unit 2002; the other end of the control unit 2002 is connected to the adjustable resonant unit 2003; and the adjustable resonant unit 2003 is connected to the second protection module 300. The delay control unit 2001 is configured to lock the level state of the control unit 2002 according to a preset time constant; The control unit 2002 is configured to: when a detection signal is detected, control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold, and perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; The adjustable resonant unit 2003 is configured to match the impedance of the first protection module 200 to filter out high-frequency electrostatic interference.

[0058] The preset time constant refers to the discharge time parameter preset by combining the capacitance and resistance parameters of the delay control unit 2001 itself. It is used to control the state holding duration of the control unit 2002. It can be calibrated according to the response speed of the first protection module 200 and the duration of the electrostatic discharge pulse to ensure that the control unit 2002 can maintain a stable conduction and discharge state throughout the entire high-intensity electrostatic discharge pulse discharge process, and avoid premature shutdown leading to incomplete electrostatic discharge.

[0059] Locking the level state of control unit 2002 according to the preset time constant means that delay control unit 2001 maintains the conduction trigger level of control unit 2002 through resistor-capacitor charge and discharge process (RC), ensuring that control unit 2002 always maintains a low resistance conduction state throughout the entire duration of the high-intensity electrostatic discharge pulse, and will not experience level jumps due to electrostatic pulse voltage fluctuations. This ensures that the first discharge operation can be completed continuously and completely, and avoids the situation where the residual electrostatic current enters the subsequent circuit due to midway shutdown.

[0060] Matching the impedance of the first protection module 200 to filter out high-frequency electrostatic interference means that the adjustable resonant unit 2003 can adjust its own resonant parameters according to the current operating radio frequency band, so that the first protection module 200 maintains impedance matching in the target communication frequency band, and will not cause amplitude attenuation or phase distortion to the normally operating radio frequency signal. At the same time, it can filter out the high-frequency electrostatic interference components remaining after the first discharge operation, further reducing the impact of residual high-frequency interference on subsequent signal processing and ensuring the transmission quality of normal radio frequency signals.

[0061] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7This is a circuit diagram of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna input is connected in parallel with a main-stage TVS ESD protection device D1 and grounded, achieving primary discharge of high-voltage ESD. The signal link consists of a DC blocking capacitor X1, a grounding discharge inductor X2, a series inductor X3, and a DC blocking capacitor X4 connected in series. A grounding shunt inductor X5 is positioned near the device to be protected. D1 is the main-stage ESD device that performs front-end high-voltage clamping and discharge. X2 acts as a source-end grounding inductor to conduct electrostatic charge. X5 achieves secondary ESD shunt at the chip level. The overall RC resonant matching link ensures normal RF signal transmission while discharging ESD pulses.

[0062] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device provided in an embodiment of this application. The signal input end is a radio frequency antenna front-end module 100. A first protection module 200 and a second protection module 300 are arranged sequentially along the signal flow direction. The rear end is connected in sequence to a discharge module 400, a display module 700, and the device to be protected. The ESD protection device is powered by a high-potential power rail (VDD) for the drain power supply and a low-potential ground rail (VSS) for the source ground. It is equipped with clamping diodes to form a basic clamping discharge circuit. The first protection module 200 includes a delay control unit 2001, a control unit 2002, and an adjustable resonant unit 2003. The delay control unit 2001 sets a preset time constant adapted to the duration of the ESD pulse based on the RC charging and discharging characteristics, and outputs a voltage signal to the control unit 2002. The control unit 2002 has a built-in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter. After receiving the voltage signal at node A, it flips the level and outputs a trigger signal at node B. The adjustable resonant unit 2003 realizes radio frequency impedance matching. The clamping diode uses the reverse breakdown characteristics of the positive and negative semiconductor junctions (P-type and N-type junction, PN) to complete the initial clamping and discharge of positive and negative high voltages. The second protection module 300 uses a PMOS positive switch and an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) negative switch as its core, receiving trigger enable signals from the control unit. The PMOS positive discharge trigger node connects to the VDD power rail to achieve positive electrostatic discharge, and the NMOS negative discharge trigger node connects to the discharge module 400 to shunt and discharge voltage for positive and negative ESD pulses respectively. The discharge module 400 constructs a low-impedance grounding path to guide electrostatic charge into the VSS ground rail. The discharge module 400 synchronously links with the display module 700 to monitor the line voltage status in real time. When an ESD transient high voltage exceeding the normal threshold is detected, the display module 700 dynamically illuminates to indicate the electrostatic shock event.

[0063] It should be noted that this electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device relies on a CMOS transistor switch, an RC delay network, diode clamping, and a multi-stage MOS shunt architecture to form a complete ESD protection link. It can collect port voltage-current signal characteristics, quickly respond to electrostatic pulses and isolate high-voltage surges. Through multiple means of current conduction, shunting, and isolation, it can discharge transient overvoltages and overcurrents, identify coupling interference paths and potential failures of sensitive devices, and is suitable for ESD contact and air discharge tests in multiple scenarios, reducing the risk of hardware design trial and error. At the same time, the adjustable resonant unit ensures distortion-free transmission of RF signals, meeting the long-term stable ESD protection requirements of automotive RF ports.

[0064] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of another electrostatic discharge protection device provided in the embodiment of this application. The radio frequency antenna front-end module 100 is connected to the unit to be protected through node A and resistor R1. The RC delay network is composed of resistor R1 and capacitor C1, and the level delay control is achieved by relying on the RC charging and discharging characteristics. D1 and D2 are clamping diodes, which use the reverse breakdown characteristics of PN junction to complete the first-stage clamping and discharge of positive and negative transient high voltages.

[0065] It should be noted that the circuit of the electrostatic discharge protection device is a CMOS inverter, which is composed of a P-MOS transistor Q1 and an N-MOS transistor Q2 connected in series. The source of Q1 is connected to the VDD high-potential power rail, and the drain of Q2 is connected to node B and ground. The switching state is controlled by the gate voltage change. The CMOS output terminal is connected to the I / O Pad and node C. Node C is equipped with a pull-down resistor R2, which is connected to the monitoring transistor Q3 after passing through the current limiting resistor R3 and the clamping diode D3. R4 and D3 form the upper bias branch of Q3, which can dynamically monitor the line voltage status.

[0066] It should be noted that when an ESD pulse occurs, the clamping diode first suppresses the transient high voltage, and the CMOS transistor receives the trigger signal to complete the positive and negative electrostatic shunting respectively, guiding the impact charge to VDD or ground rail; the back-end Q3 is linked to realize voltage status monitoring, which can capture overvoltage and overcurrent signal characteristics, making it easier to determine potential failure of sensitive devices. At the same time, the circuit reserves I / O test nodes to adapt to TLP and contact / air discharge ESD tests. Through clamping, shunting and isolation, multiple paths reduce electrostatic interference and reduce the risk of hardware design trial and error.

[0067] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection method provided in an embodiment of this application. The ESD protection method is applied to an ESD protection device, which includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The output terminal of the RF antenna front-end module is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module. The process may include: S1001: Accesses external radio frequency antenna signals via the radio frequency antenna front-end module; S1002: The first protection module is in a conducting state when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse.

[0068] In summary, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection method provided in this application is applied to an ESD protection device, which includes a radio frequency (RF) antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The output terminal of the RF antenna front-end module is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module. The RF antenna front-end module is used to receive external RF antenna signals. The first protection module can be turned on when the RF antenna signal carries an ESD high-voltage pulse, clamping the transient voltage within a preset safety threshold range and completing the first stage of ESD current discharge. Based on the ESD protection method provided in this application, the ESD current caused by the ESD high-voltage pulse can be effectively suppressed, significantly reducing the impact of ESD interference on RF devices and preventing RF devices from malfunctioning due to ESD shocks.

[0069] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating another electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection method provided in an embodiment of this application. The process may include: S1101: The radio frequency antenna signal carries positive and negative high voltage pulses; then S1102 is executed; S1102: The first protection module has detected overvoltage; if yes, proceed to S1103; otherwise, proceed to S1107. S1103: Generate a detection signal; then execute S1104; S1104: Control the local potential according to the detection signal; then execute S1105; S1105: The internal switch enters a low-impedance conduction state; then S1106 is executed. S1106: Perform the first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current; then execute S1107; S1107: The RF antenna signal level is normal; if yes, proceed to S1108; otherwise, proceed to S1110. S1108: Current shunt protection for the pin of the device to be protected; then execute S1109; S1109: The device to be protected is working normally; S1110: Output a visual alarm signal; then execute S1102.

[0070] Here, the visual alarm signal can be a light prompt signal output by the display module, or the alarm data can be transmitted to the vehicle fault diagnosis system simultaneously to generate corresponding prompt information on the vehicle-machine interface, helping maintenance personnel to quickly locate the radio frequency port where electrostatic discharge occurred, which facilitates subsequent circuit reliability investigation and fault repair.

[0071] In this embodiment of the application, the electrostatic discharge protection device further includes a second protection module; the input terminal of the second protection module is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module, and the output terminal of the second protection module is connected to the device to be protected. The method further includes: after performing a second discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold through the second protection module, transmitting the radio frequency antenna signal to the device to be protected.

[0072] This application also provides a vehicle including an on-board radio frequency antenna port, the on-board radio frequency antenna port including an electrostatic protection device as described in the first aspect.

[0073] In some embodiments, the vehicle includes, but is not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and gasoline vehicles. The electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device is integrated into the port circuit of the vehicle-mounted radio frequency (RF) antenna and can be used in conjunction with various RF antennas such as vehicle-mounted Bluetooth antennas, vehicle-mounted Global Positioning System (GPS) antennas, and vehicle-mounted 5G communication technology (5G) antennas to provide reliable ESD protection for the corresponding RF receiving devices. The antenna port may also include ESD protection for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) antenna signals. This application does not limit the specific type of vehicle.

[0074] The electrostatic protection device, method, and vehicle provided in the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic protection device, characterized in that, include: The radio frequency antenna front-end module (100) and the first protection module (200) are provided, wherein the output terminal of the radio frequency antenna front-end module (100) is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module (200); wherein, The radio frequency antenna front-end module (100) is configured to: receive external radio frequency antenna signals; The first protection module (200) is configured to: be in an on state when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: a second protection module (300); the input terminal of the second protection module (300) is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module (200), and the output terminal of the second protection module (300) is connected to the device to be protected; wherein, The second protection module (300) is configured to: after performing a second discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold, transmit the radio frequency antenna signal to the device to be protected.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The device further includes: a discharge module (400); the input terminal of the discharge module (400) is connected to the first protection module (200) and the second protection module (300) respectively, and the output terminal of the discharge module (400) is grounded; wherein, The discharge module (400) is configured to perform a first discharge operation corresponding to the first protection module (200) and / or a second discharge operation corresponding to the second protection module (300).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: a detection module (500); the input terminal of the detection module (500) is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module (100), and the output terminal of the detection module (500) is connected to the first protection module (200); wherein, The detection module (500) is configured to generate a detection signal when the radio frequency antenna signal input to the radio frequency antenna front-end module (100) carries the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; the detection signal is used to indicate that the first protection module is in a conducting state. The first protection module (200) is configured to be in an on state in response to the detection signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The device further includes: a display module (700); the display module (700) is connected to the detection module (500); wherein, The display module (700) is configured to display an alarm prompt when the detection module (500) outputs the detection signal.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The device further includes: an isolation module (600); one end of the isolation module (600) is connected to the first protection module (200), and the other end is connected to the second protection module (300); wherein, The isolation module (600) is configured to isolate the first protection module (200) and the second protection module (300) when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, until the first protection module (200) completes the first discharge operation; The isolation module (600) is further configured to release the isolation between the first protection module (200) and the second protection module (300) after the first protection module (200) completes the first discharge operation.

7. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first protection module (200) includes: a delay control unit (2001), a control unit (2002), and a tunable resonant unit (2003); one end of the delay control unit (2001) is connected to the radio frequency antenna front-end module (100), and the other end is connected to the control unit (2002); the other end of the control unit (2002) is connected to the tunable resonant unit (2003), and the tunable resonant unit (2003) is connected to the second protection module (300); wherein, The delay control unit (2001) is configured to lock the level state of the control unit (2002) according to a preset time constant; The control unit (2002) is configured to: when a detection signal is detected, control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within the preset safety threshold, and perform the first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse; The adjustable resonant unit (2003) is configured to match the impedance of the first protection module (200) to filter out high-frequency electrostatic interference.

8. A method for electrostatic protection, characterized in that, The electrostatic discharge protection device includes a radio frequency antenna front-end module and a first protection module. The output terminal of the radio frequency antenna front-end module is connected to the input terminal of the first protection module, and the method includes: The external radio frequency antenna signal is accessed through the radio frequency antenna front-end module; The first protection module is in a conducting state when the radio frequency antenna signal carries an electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse, so as to control the transient voltage generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse within a preset safety threshold; and to perform a first discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current generated by the electrostatic discharge high voltage pulse.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electrostatic discharge protection device further includes a second protection module; the input terminal of the second protection module is connected to the output terminal of the first protection module, and the output terminal of the second protection module is connected to the device to be protected. The method further includes: After the second protection module performs a second discharge operation on the electrostatic discharge current with an amplitude lower than a preset amplitude threshold, the radio frequency antenna signal is transmitted to the device to be protected.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It includes an on-board radio frequency antenna port, wherein the on-board radio frequency antenna port includes an electrostatic protection device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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