Modularized hoisting and positioning method for ultrahigh-altitude photovoltaic construction

Abstract

The present application relates to photovoltaic construction method field, especially in a kind of super high altitude photovoltaic hoisting positioning method suitable for super high altitude photovoltaic construction modularization hoisting positioning, comprising the following steps: S1. preliminary preparation stage: S2, rough positioning stage: S3, fine positioning stage: S4, fixed installation stage: according to the preset moment fastening photovoltaic support module's base anchorage, review position and levelness are correct after unlocking adjustment mechanism, remove hoisting equipment and deploy next group of hoisting operation;S5, high-altitude environment adaptation implementation: for low temperature, strong wind and signal interference executes adaptation guarantee, maintains device stable operation in whole process.The present application is applicable to super high altitude photovoltaic construction modularization hoisting positioning process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic construction methods, and in particular to a modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction. Background Technology

[0002] Modular hoisting and positioning for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction refers to the integrated construction process in high-altitude, cold, oxygen-deficient, windy, and complex terrain areas at altitudes of 4,100 to 4,700 meters. The photovoltaic support is prefabricated in a modular form and hoisted to the designed installation location using hoisting equipment. This process involves precise coordinate positioning, horizontal leveling, and fixed positioning, and is the core construction step for the installation of photovoltaic power station support.

[0003] Existing methods for high-altitude photovoltaic (PV) installation and positioning rely on traditional methods involving manual measurement, conventional hoisting, and on-site manual adjustments. This involves manual layout using total stations and levels, with cranes relying on experience to lift modules. Manual on-site correction and leveling are provided, supplemented only by standard GPS for auxiliary positioning. There is no dedicated modular support platform or automatic positioning and leveling device. This method suffers from severely insufficient positioning accuracy, with errors ranging from 20 mm to 50 mm, failing to meet the ±5 mm installation accuracy requirement for PV brackets. Furthermore, it cannot adapt to complex terrain slopes of 15° or less, making the outriggers prone to slippage and overturning due to the lack of anti-slip anchoring structures. Additionally, controlling the levelness of the brackets is difficult. Moreover, the lack of integrated communication control and automatic leveling functions results in low efficiency and large errors in manual operation. The absence of an integrated solution for positioning, guidance, and leveling further compromises construction safety and efficiency in high-altitude environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction that is applicable to ultra-high altitude photovoltaic hoisting and positioning.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction, comprising the following steps: S1. Preliminary Preparation Stage: The X, Y, and Z axis installation coordinates of the photovoltaic support module are extracted based on the BIM model, and a positioning task list is generated after verification. Establish a millimeter-level control network by deploying BeiDou reference stations; Deploy the hosting platform and level it to the allowable deviation range; The positioning system is activated and a stable communication connection is established with the BeiDou reference station. S2, Coarse Positioning Stage: The photovoltaic support module is hoisted to a position 50-100cm above the support platform. The position coordinates are collected in real time using the Beidou system or GNSS dual-mode positioning system, and the deviation from the target coordinates is calculated. The horizontal position of the support module is adjusted by using a laser guide, and the support module is placed in the coarse positioning area. S3, Precision Positioning Stage: The bracket module is embedded into the mechanical guide groove to complete the limiting and initial fixation; The tilt sensor monitors the levelness and automatically calibrates the posture of the support module. The positioning deviation of the bracket module is controlled within ±5mm by three-axis fine adjustment through electric push rod and hydraulic fine adjustment mechanism and the adjustment mechanism is locked. S4. Fixed Installation Stage: Tighten the foundation anchors of the photovoltaic support module with the preset torque, and after verifying that the position and level are correct, unlock the adjustment mechanism, remove the hoisting equipment and deploy the next set of hoisting operations; S5. Implementation adapted to high-altitude environments: Adaptive safeguards are implemented to address low temperatures, strong winds, and signal interference, ensuring stable operation of the entire device process.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, after the X, Y, and Z axis installation coordinates of the photovoltaic support module are verified, the installation coordinates, installation sequence number, and corresponding foundation position of each support module are compiled and summarized according to the photovoltaic support hoisting construction sequence to generate a standardized positioning task list.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the steps for deploying the BeiDou reference station to establish a millimeter-level control network are as follows: First, based on the topography of the construction site and the distribution of photovoltaic bracket installation areas, select an area with a wide field of view, no obstructions, and stable geological conditions as the deployment point for the BeiDou reference station to ensure that the reference station can receive stable BeiDou satellite signals and that the signal covers the entire hoisting operation area; during the deployment process, in accordance with the BeiDou reference station installation specifications, fix the reference station equipment, adjust the antenna height and angle, and ensure that the equipment is firmly installed and the signal reception is stable; after the reference station is deployed, start the equipment for debugging, complete satellite signal acquisition, data calibration, establish a reference coordinate system, and transmit the reference data to the positioning system to provide accurate reference for the subsequent positioning of the bracket module, ensuring that the positioning accuracy of the control network reaches the millimeter level.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S1, the steps of deploying the support platform and leveling it to the allowable deviation range are as follows: First, based on the location distribution and terrain conditions of the hoisting operation points, the support platform is transported to the designated hoisting operation points; after transportation, the outriggers of the support platform are deployed according to the operating procedures to ensure that the outriggers are firmly supported, in close contact with the ground, and without shaking or settling; then, the leveling system of the support platform is activated, and the horizontal status of the platform is monitored in real time through the horizontal sensor, and the height of the outriggers is adjusted to ensure that the support platform is in a horizontal state, and the horizontal deviation is controlled within the allowable range, providing a stable support foundation for the precise positioning of the support module; after leveling is completed, the mechanical structure, hydraulic system, and electrical system of the support platform are inspected to ensure that all components are operating normally and without potential faults.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, when the support module is 10-20cm away from the surface of the bearing platform, the lowering is paused, and the position deviation of the support module is checked again through the positioning system to confirm that the deviation is still within the allowable range of coarse positioning. After confirming that there is no error, the support module is lowered until the support module contacts the surface of the bearing platform, completing the placement of the coarse positioning stage.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S3, after the support module is initially fixed, the attitude adjustment module is activated. The attitude adjustment module collects the levelness data of the support module in real time. After the levelness data is transmitted to the positioning system terminal, the positioning system terminal analyzes the current levelness deviation of the support module, generates an attitude adjustment command, and then controls the operation of the attitude adjustment module. According to the command, the attitude adjustment module automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the support module, gradually calibrates the levelness of the support, and ensures that the support module is in a level state.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S3, the locking adjustment mechanism includes locking the electric push rod, the hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, and the attitude adjustment module.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S5, the low-temperature protection and adaptation include: the electronic components use industrial-grade wide-temperature devices with an operating temperature range covering -40°C to 85°C; the hydraulic system uses low-temperature resistant hydraulic oil; the hydraulic system, electronic control module, and battery pack are equipped with electric heating modules, which automatically start when the ambient temperature is below -30°C to preheat key components; and the battery pack uses low-temperature lithium batteries.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S5, the protection and adaptation for strong wind environments includes: before hoisting operations, connecting one end of the windproof cable to the anchor point of the bearing platform, and firmly connecting the other end of the windproof cable to the ground anchor at the construction site to enhance the stability of the bearing platform; installing a wind speed sensor on the bearing platform to monitor the on-site wind speed in real time, and transmitting the wind speed data to the positioning system terminal in real time. When the wind speed reaches 20 meters per second, the positioning system automatically issues an alarm and suspends the hoisting operation. Construction personnel immediately take protective measures to securely fix the support module; and setting a windproof fixing device on the support module. Before the support module is lowered into place, the support module is fixed by the windproof device to prevent the support module from being blown off course by the wind during hoisting and adjustment.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S5, the protection and adaptation for high-altitude signals includes: using low-frequency communication for self-organizing network communication; and reasonably deploying signal relay equipment at the construction site.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction follows the core logic of "preliminary preparation, combination of rough and fine positioning, precise fixing, and environmental adaptation," and is clearly divided into four core stages: preliminary preparation, rough positioning, fine positioning, and fixed installation. Based on this, during actual construction, electronic components are designed with industrial-grade wide-temperature specifications to ensure stable operation from -40℃ to 85℃, and wind speed sensors monitor the on-site wind speed in real time, automatically triggering an alarm and suspending work when the wind speed is ≥20m / s. Through the coordinated closed-loop operation of four modules—load-bearing, positioning, attitude, and control—precise, efficient, and safe modular hoisting of photovoltaic support structures in ultra-high altitude environments is achieved.

[0016] This invention is applicable to the modular hoisting and positioning process in ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction follows the core logic of "preliminary preparation, rough and fine positioning combined, precise fixing, and environmental adaptation," and is clearly divided into four core stages: preliminary preparation, rough positioning, fine positioning, and fixed installation. It is also equipped with multiple high-altitude environment adaptation designs, ultimately achieving efficient, accurate, and safe modular hoisting and positioning of photovoltaic supports. Its implementation steps include: S1. Preliminary Preparation Stage: The preliminary preparation phase is the foundation of the entire modular hoisting and positioning construction, directly determining the subsequent positioning accuracy, construction efficiency, and operational safety. Its core objectives are to establish positioning benchmarks, deploy and debug equipment, and clarify the task list, providing comprehensive support for subsequent hoisting and positioning operations. Specifically: Positioning coordinate extraction and task list generation. First, based on the overall design scheme of the ultra-high altitude photovoltaic power station, the project's BIM (Building Information Modeling) was retrieved. Using BIM modeling software, the photovoltaic support installation area was precisely modeled, clarifying the design installation coordinates (including the X and Y axes of the plane and the Z axis of elevation) for each set of photovoltaic supports. This ensured that the coordinate data perfectly matched the actual on-site construction conditions and the pre-embedded foundation locations. Subsequently, the extracted coordinate data was reviewed and verified, eliminating abnormal data to avoid subsequent positioning errors due to coordinate deviations. After verification, according to the photovoltaic support hoisting construction sequence, the installation coordinates, installation sequence number, and corresponding foundation location of each support module were compiled and summarized to generate a standardized positioning task list. The list must clearly define the specific requirements, completion standards, and responsible persons for each task, ensuring the construction process is traceable and controllable. Simultaneously, the positioning task list was entered into the positioning system terminal to achieve real-time linkage with subsequent BeiDou positioning data.

[0019] High-precision control network deployment. Considering the susceptibility of signal transmission in ultra-high altitude areas to terrain and weather conditions, a BeiDou reference station needs to be deployed at the construction site to establish a high-precision control network to ensure positioning accuracy. First, based on the terrain and distribution of photovoltaic support installation areas at the construction site, areas with open views, no obstructions, and stable geological conditions were selected as deployment points for the BeiDou reference stations. This ensures that the reference stations can receive stable BeiDou satellite signals, and that the signal covers the entire hoisting operation area. During deployment, the BeiDou reference station installation specifications were strictly followed. The reference station equipment was fixed, and the antenna height and angle were adjusted to ensure secure installation and stable signal reception. After the reference station deployment was completed, the equipment was started for debugging, satellite signal acquisition and data calibration were performed, a reference coordinate system was established, and the reference data was transmitted to the positioning system. This provides a precise reference for the subsequent positioning of the support modules, ensuring that the control network positioning accuracy reaches the millimeter level, meeting the high-precision requirements of ultra-high altitude photovoltaic support installation.

[0020] Deployment and Commissioning of the Support Platform. As the core support carrier for the hoisting and positioning of photovoltaic support modules, the deployment and commissioning of the support platform directly affects positioning stability. First, based on the location distribution and terrain conditions of the hoisting operation points, the support platform is transported to the designated hoisting operation points. During transportation, equipment protection must be ensured to prevent damage due to complex road conditions at high altitudes. After transportation, the outriggers of the support platform are deployed according to operating procedures, ensuring that the outriggers are firmly supported, in close contact with the ground, and free from shaking or settlement. Subsequently, the leveling system of the support platform is activated. The horizontal status of the platform is monitored in real time by level sensors, and the height of the outriggers is adjusted to ensure that the support platform is level, with horizontal deviation controlled within the allowable range, providing a stable support foundation for the accurate positioning of the support modules. After leveling, a comprehensive inspection of the mechanical structure, hydraulic system, and electrical system of the support platform is conducted to ensure that all components are operating normally and free from potential faults.

[0021] Positioning System Startup and Communication Connection. The final step in the preliminary preparation is to start the positioning system and establish a stable communication connection with the BeiDou reference station. First, start the positioning system terminal, BeiDou positioning module, laser guide, and other related equipment, performing a self-test to check the power supply, signal transmission, and data acquisition functions. After the self-test passes, operate the positioning system to establish a communication connection with the BeiDou reference station, ensuring that the positioning system can receive reference data transmitted from the reference station in real time, and simultaneously feed back the location data collected by the positioning system to the terminal in real time. After the communication connection is established, conduct data transmission tests to verify the stability and real-time performance of data transmission, avoiding data loss or delays caused by signal interference at ultra-high altitudes. This ensures smooth communication between the positioning system, the reference station, and all equipment, providing reliable technical support for subsequent coarse and fine positioning operations.

[0022] S2, Coarse Positioning Stage: The coarse positioning stage is a preliminary step before the precise positioning of the support module. Its core objective is to lift the photovoltaic support module from its transport state to the coarse positioning area above the support platform, initially adjusting the module's position to reduce the deviation from the target coordinates, thus laying the foundation for subsequent precise positioning operations. This stage requires the integration of the BeiDou positioning system and a laser guide to achieve precise guidance and adjustment. The specific implementation steps are as follows: The support module is hoisted to the work area. First, according to the positioning task list, the photovoltaic support module to be hoisted is transported to the vicinity of the hoisting work point. The appearance and structural integrity of the support module are checked to confirm that there are no deformations or damages, ensuring that the support module meets the installation requirements. Then, the crane operator, following the hoisting operation procedures, precisely connects the crane hook to the hoisting point of the support module. After the connection is completed, the slings are checked for security to prevent the support module from falling off during hoisting. After confirming that everything is in order, the crane is started, and the support module is slowly lifted. The crane operating speed is adjusted to avoid the support module swaying due to excessive lifting speed. At the same time, a dedicated person is assigned to the site to direct and observe the hoisting status of the support module, and to remind the operator to adjust the angle and speed in a timely manner. The support module is hoisted above the support platform, maintaining an appropriate height (usually 50-100cm above the surface of the support platform) to allow space for subsequent position adjustments.

[0023] Real-time position monitoring and deviation calculation. After the support module is hoisted above the support platform, the BeiDou positioning system is activated to collect the current position coordinates (X, Y, Z axes) of the support module in real time and transmit the collected coordinate data to the positioning system terminal. Based on the previously entered target installation coordinates, the positioning system terminal automatically calculates the deviation between the current position of the support module and the target coordinates, including planar deviation (X-axis and Y-axis deviations) and elevation deviation (Z-axis deviation), and displays the deviation data on the terminal screen in real time for the operator to view. Simultaneously, the positioning system updates the deviation data in real time to ensure that the operator can promptly grasp the positional changes of the support module, providing accurate data support for subsequent adjustment operations. During this process, close attention must be paid to the stability of the BeiDou positioning signal. If signal interruption or data anomalies occur, the hoisting operation must be immediately suspended to investigate signal interference and ensure the accuracy of the deviation calculation.

[0024] Horizontal Guidance and Adjustment. To accurately adjust the horizontal position of the support module, a laser guide is activated. Based on the horizontal deviation data calculated by the positioning system terminal, the laser guide emits a laser beam, clearly indicating the adjustment amount and direction of the support module in the horizontal direction (X-axis, Y-axis). Following the guidance of the laser guide, the crane operator slowly adjusts the crane boom angle and position, gradually adjusting the horizontal position of the support module to reduce the horizontal deviation from the target coordinates. During the adjustment process, the operator must maintain stable operation to avoid shaking of the support module due to excessively rapid adjustments. Simultaneously, the positioning system monitors the positional deviation after adjustment in real time, providing timely feedback on the adjustment effect and guiding the operator to make precise adjustments. Throughout this process, the on-site command personnel must observe the positional changes of the support module and cooperate with the operator to complete the adjustment, ensuring that the support module gradually approaches the coarse positioning area.

[0025] Coarse positioning confirmation. When the horizontal and vertical deviations of the support module are reduced to within the allowable range (preset deviation value) of coarse positioning, the support module is considered to have reached the coarse positioning area. At this point, the crane operator slowly lowers the support module, gradually bringing it closer to the surface of the support platform, maintaining its horizontal position and avoiding tilting during the lowering process. When the support module is 10-20cm away from the surface of the support platform, the lowering is paused, and the positional deviation of the support module is checked again through the positioning system to confirm that the deviation is still within the allowable range of coarse positioning. After confirmation, the support module is slowly lowered until it gently touches the surface of the support platform, completing the coarse positioning stage. After positioning, the stability of the support module is checked to confirm that there are no issues such as shaking or offset, and then the fine positioning stage begins.

[0026] S3, Precision Positioning Stage: The fine positioning stage is the core of the entire hoisting and positioning construction. The core objective is to precisely adjust the support module from the coarse positioning area to the target installation coordinates, ensuring that the positioning accuracy meets the installation requirements of ultra-high altitude photovoltaic power stations. This stage requires the use of guide slot limiting, attitude adjustment, and mechanical fine-tuning to achieve precise positioning of the support module. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Guide slot limiting and initial fixing: After the coarse positioning stage, the support module is placed on the surface of the support platform. At this time, the guide slot mechanism of the support platform is activated, allowing the support module to fall into the guide slot of the support platform. The size of the guide slot precisely matches the bottom size of the support module, effectively limiting the horizontal displacement of the support module and preventing lateral and longitudinal offset during subsequent adjustments, providing a stable foundation for attitude adjustment and precise positioning. After the support module falls into the guide slot, the fit between the support module and the guide slot is checked to ensure a tight fit without gaps. At the same time, a temporary limiting device is used to initially fix the support module to prevent it from shaking during adjustment, which would affect the positioning accuracy.

[0027] Support Frame Attitude Adjustment and Levelness Calibration. After the support frame module is initially fixed, the attitude adjustment module is activated. Equipped with a tilt sensor, this module collects real-time levelness data (tilt angle values) and transmits the data to the positioning system terminal. The positioning system terminal automatically analyzes the current levelness deviation of the support frame module based on a preset levelness standard (allowable deviation for levelness of ultra-high altitude photovoltaic support frame), generates attitude adjustment commands, and controls the operation of the attitude adjustment module. The attitude adjustment module automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the support frame module according to the commands, gradually calibrating the levelness to ensure the support frame module is level. During the adjustment process, the tilt sensor provides real-time feedback of levelness data, and the positioning system adjusts the adjustment commands in real-time until the levelness of the support frame module reaches the preset standard and the levelness deviation is controlled within the allowable range.

[0028] Precise Positioning and Mechanism Locking. After the support module's levelness is calibrated, the electric push rod and hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism are activated to enter the precise positioning phase. The electric push rod and hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism work in tandem, performing precise fine-tuning based on the remaining deviation between the support module's current position and the target coordinates calculated by the positioning system terminal, gradually adjusting the support module to the target installation coordinates. During fine-tuning, the BeiDou positioning system monitors the positional changes of the support module in real time. After each adjustment, the positional deviation is checked to ensure adjustment accuracy until the positional deviation of the support module is controlled within ±5 mm, meeting the positioning accuracy requirements for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic support installation. After positioning is completed, the locking device of the adjustment mechanism is immediately activated to lock the electric push rod, hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, and attitude adjustment module, maintaining the stability of the support module's position and preventing displacement during subsequent fixing and installation, ensuring that the positioning accuracy is not compromised.

[0029] S4. Fixed Installation Stage: The fixed installation phase is the final stage of the modular hoisting and positioning construction. Its core objective is to firmly connect the precisely positioned support modules to the foundation, completing the installation and fixing process. Simultaneously, related equipment is removed to prepare for the hoisting and positioning of the next support module. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Foundation anchor bolt tightening. After the support module is precisely positioned and locked, the foundation anchor bolt tightening process begins. Construction personnel, following construction specifications, use specialized tightening tools to tighten the foundation anchor bolts at the bottom of the support module. During tightening, the tightening torque must be strictly controlled. A reasonable tightening torque standard is set based on the geological conditions and load-bearing requirements of the ultra-high altitude area to ensure the bolts are securely tightened without loosening. During the tightening process, a designated person supervises and checks the tightening of each bolt to avoid any issues such as missed tightening or inadequate tightening. After tightening, the position coordinates and levelness of the support module are checked again using the positioning system to confirm there is no offset or loosening, ensuring a firm connection between the support module and the foundation, capable of withstanding the harsh environmental conditions such as strong winds and low temperatures at ultra-high altitudes.

[0030] Adjustment mechanism unlocking. After the foundation anchor bolts are tightened and the position and level of the support module are verified to be correct, activate the unlocking device of the adjustment mechanism to release the locked state of the attitude adjustment module, electric push rod, and hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, restoring these mechanisms to their initial positions. This prepares for subsequent equipment removal and the positioning of the next support module. During the unlocking process, operation must be slow to avoid slight displacement of the support module due to excessively rapid unlocking. Simultaneously, check the operating status of each adjustment mechanism to ensure that it can retract and reset normally after unlocking, without any jamming or malfunctions. After unlocking, perform a simple cleaning and inspection of the adjustment mechanism, promptly removing dust and debris from its surface to avoid affecting subsequent use.

[0031] Equipment removal and preparation for the next module. After the adjustment mechanism is unlocked, the crane is started, and the sling connection between the crane hook and the support module is slowly dismantled. During the dismantling process, the crane boom must be kept stable to avoid collision between the sling and the support module, which could damage the support module or the tightened bolts. After the sling is removed, the position of the crane boom is adjusted, and the crane is moved to the designated area and parked neatly. At the same time, the load-bearing platform is operated, the outriggers are retracted, and the load-bearing platform is transported to the hoisting point of the next support module. According to the requirements of the previous preparation stage, the outriggers are re-deployed, the platform is leveled, and the positioning system is activated to establish a communication connection with the Beidou reference station, preparing for the hoisting and positioning of the next support module. During this process, the construction personnel re-inspect the installed support modules to confirm that the installation quality meets the requirements, and at the same time, they compile a positioning task list, marking completed tasks to ensure the orderly progress of the construction process.

[0032] S5. High-altitude environment adaptation design and implementation: To ensure the stable operation of the modular hoisting and positioning method in harsh environments at ultra-high altitudes, several high-altitude environment adaptation designs were implemented to address issues such as low temperatures, strong winds, and unstable signal transmission. These designs were applied throughout the entire hoisting and positioning construction process, and the specific implementation requirements are as follows: Low-temperature environment adaptation is implemented. Winter temperatures in ultra-high altitude areas are extremely low, reaching as low as -35 degrees Celsius. To ensure normal equipment operation, all key electronic components use industrial-grade wide-temperature devices with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃, adapting to the working requirements of low-temperature environments and preventing damage or performance degradation due to low temperatures. The hydraulic system uses low-temperature resistant hydraulic oil with excellent low-temperature fluidity, maintaining normal hydraulic transmission performance even at -35 degrees Celsius, preventing the hydraulic system from failing due to oil solidification. Simultaneously, electric heating modules are installed on key equipment (such as the hydraulic system, electronic control module, and battery pack). When the ambient temperature drops below -30 degrees Celsius, the electric heating modules automatically activate to preheat key components, ensuring normal equipment startup and operation. The battery pack uses low-temperature lithium batteries. At -35 degrees Celsius, the battery pack retains at least 80% of its capacity, providing stable power support for positioning systems, attitude adjustment modules, and other equipment, preventing battery capacity degradation and power outages due to low temperatures.

[0033] Implementation adapted to strong wind environments. High-altitude areas experience strong winds, with instantaneous wind speeds reaching 30 meters per second. To ensure the safety of hoisting and positioning operations, the support platform is equipped with dedicated windproof cable anchor points. Before hoisting, one end of the windproof cable is connected to the anchor point on the support platform, and the other end is securely connected to the ground anchor at the construction site, enhancing the stability of the support platform and preventing it from swaying or overturning due to strong winds. Wind speed sensors are installed on the support platform to monitor the wind speed in real time. The wind speed data is transmitted to the positioning system terminal in real time. When the wind speed reaches 20 meters per second, the positioning system automatically issues an alarm and suspends hoisting operations. Construction personnel immediately take protective measures, firmly securing the support modules to prevent them from being blown off course or falling off. In addition, temporary windproof fixing devices are installed on the support modules. Before the support modules are lowered into position, these temporary windproof devices secure them to prevent them from being blown off course during hoisting and adjustment, ensuring positioning accuracy and operational safety.

[0034] High-altitude signal adaptation is implemented. In ultra-high altitude areas, the thin air and complex terrain can easily lead to unstable transmission of BeiDou satellite and communication signals. To ensure the normal operation of the positioning and communication systems, the BeiDou positioning system is equipped with high-gain antennas to enhance satellite signal reception capabilities, improve signal reception stability and sensitivity, and avoid increased positioning deviations due to weak signals. The self-organizing network communication uses low-frequency communication technology. Low-frequency signals have stronger diffraction capabilities, effectively penetrating complex terrain and obstacles, reducing the impact of signal blockage, and ensuring smooth communication between the positioning system and BeiDou reference stations and other equipment. Simultaneously, signal relay equipment is strategically deployed at the construction site. In areas with complex terrain and severe signal blockage, signal relay equipment amplifies the signal, resolving issues such as signal transmission interruptions and delays, ensuring real-time and accurate transmission of positioning data and control commands.

[0035] In actual construction, the modular hoisting and positioning device used for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction includes a positioning and guidance module, an attitude adjustment module, a communication control module, and a high-strength aluminum alloy frame structure as the load-bearing platform. The overall weight of the device is controlled within 500 kg. The load-bearing platform is compatible with the size specifications of standard photovoltaic support modules and has a load-bearing capacity of no less than 2 tons.

[0036] The modular hoisting and positioning device for ultra-high-altitude photovoltaic construction features an adjustable outrigger at the bottom of its support platform, adaptable to complex terrain with slopes up to 15 degrees. The adjustable outriggers are equipped with anti-slip pads and anchoring devices to prevent slippage and overturning. The positioning and guidance module integrates a BeiDou and GNSS dual-mode positioning system, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy. It also features a laser guide that emits a visible laser beam to indicate the hoisting target position. A mechanical guide groove guides the support module along a predetermined trajectory, with built-in cushioning pads to reduce impact during landing. The attitude adjustment module is equipped with an electric push rod and a hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, enabling three-axis fine-tuning. This fine-tuning accuracy is ±1 mm, meeting the installation accuracy requirements of photovoltaic supports. An tilt sensor monitors the support's levelness in real time. The communication control module integrates a wireless communication unit for remote data transmission. It also features an industrial-grade controller that receives positioning data and drives the attitude adjustment mechanism. The communication control module features a human-machine interface that displays positioning deviations and adjustment suggestions. It also includes a one-button automatic leveling function. The modular hoisting and positioning device for ultra-high-altitude photovoltaic construction further includes high-precision hydrostatic displacement and settlement sensors located at the base of the four outriggers of the support platform. These sensors have a range of 0-50mm, a detection accuracy of ±0.1mm, and collect real-time data on the settlement of the reference station, the settlement of each support point on the platform, and three-axis tilt data. The industrial-grade controller of the communication control module incorporates a dynamic settlement error correction strategy based on pure logic operations. This strategy integrates real-time settlement data with the original BeiDou / GNSS dual-mode positioning data to automatically generate coordinate compensation values ​​and platform attitude fine-tuning commands. The communication control module, in conjunction with a three-axis electric actuator and hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, corrects the target installation coordinates of the photovoltaic support module in real-time. Simultaneously, it drives the outrigger micro-stroke automatic extension mechanism, adjusting the outrigger length synchronously with the settlement to maintain the platform's levelness error ≤1mm. In addition, all compensation data will be transmitted back to the BIM model in real time, enabling automatic updates of the positioning task list. The entire operation process requires no manual intervention and can ensure that the positioning accuracy is stably controlled within ±5mm under long-term operation, effectively solving the problems of insufficient accuracy, low efficiency and high safety risks of the original solution.

[0037] To address the dynamic and continuous ground settlement caused by the seasonal thawing of permafrost, a real-time monitoring and closed-loop compensation mechanism effectively avoids the drift problem of BeiDou reference station coordinates due to settlement. This enables real-time and precise correction of the bearing platform's attitude, fundamentally preventing the amplification of positioning cumulative errors over time and ensuring stable accuracy for long-term continuous hoisting. Furthermore, the entire process eliminates the need for manual recalibration, significantly improving operational efficiency while substantially reducing worker workload and construction safety risks in high-altitude, oxygen-deficient environments. All compensation data is also transmitted back to the BIM model in real time, enabling automatic updates to the positioning task list. The entire operation requires no manual intervention, ensuring stable positioning accuracy within ±5mm even during long-term operations, comprehensively resolving various shortcomings of the original solution.

[0038] The operation mode of the modular hoisting and positioning device for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction is as follows: First, before construction, the equipment deployment and system initialization are completed. The high-strength aluminum alloy load-bearing platform is transported to the designated work point, the bottom adjustable outriggers are unfolded, and the height of the outriggers is precisely adjusted according to the terrain slope of ≤15°. The platform is fixed with anti-slip pads and anchoring devices to prevent the platform from sliding or overturning and to build a stable load-bearing foundation.

[0039] Then, the positioning and guidance module is activated, and a millimeter-level high-precision control network is established by deploying Beidou reference stations at the construction site. The Beidou / GNSS dual-mode positioning system receives satellite signals through a high-gain antenna to complete centimeter-level positioning calibration. The laser guide calibrates the indicator laser beam for the hoisting target position, and the mechanical guide groove is adjusted to adapt to the photovoltaic bracket module. At the same time, the communication control module activates the wireless communication unit to establish a stable connection with the Beidou reference station. The industrial-grade controller completes the self-test of the entire system, and the human-machine interface displays the equipment readiness and positioning reference information.

[0040] Subsequently, the coarse positioning stage of hoisting begins. The crane smoothly lifts the photovoltaic support module to a position 50-100cm above the support platform. The BeiDou / GNSS system collects the module's three-dimensional coordinates in real time and automatically calculates the deviation from the target coordinates. The laser guide emits an indicator beam based on the deviation data to guide the crane to fine-tune the module's horizontal position, accurately placing the module into the coarse positioning area and completing the initial position calibration.

[0041] Next, the precision positioning and attitude adjustment process is initiated. The bracket module is embedded into the mechanical guide groove with built-in buffer pad to complete the limit and buffer protection. The tilt sensor collects the module's levelness data in real time and transmits it to the industrial-grade controller. The controller drives the electric push rod and hydraulic fine adjustment mechanism to carry out precise fine adjustment in three-axis directions. The position deviation is gradually corrected with a fine adjustment accuracy of ±1 mm until the module positioning error is controlled within ±5 mm. Then, all adjustment mechanisms are locked to ensure position stability.

[0042] Next, the installation process begins. Construction workers tighten the foundation anchor bolts of the photovoltaic support module to the preset torque. The communication control module, in conjunction with the positioning system, performs a secondary check on the module's position and level. Once confirmed, the attitude adjustment mechanism is unlocked, and the crane removes the slings, completing the hoisting and positioning of a single module. Simultaneously, the device is adapted to harsh high-altitude environments throughout the process. Key electronic components are designed with industrial-grade wide-temperature specifications to ensure stable operation from -40℃ to 85℃. Wind speed sensors monitor the on-site wind speed in real time, automatically triggering an alarm and suspending operation when the wind speed is ≥20m / s. The entire system operates in a closed-loop coordinated manner through four modules: load-bearing, positioning, attitude control, and control, achieving precise, efficient, and safe modular hoisting of photovoltaic support modules in ultra-high altitude environments.

Claims

1. A method of modular hoisting and positioning of photovoltaic construction at ultra-high altitudes, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Preliminary Preparation Stage: The X, Y, and Z axis installation coordinates of the photovoltaic support module are extracted based on the BIM model, and a positioning task list is generated after verification. Establish a millimeter-level control network by deploying BeiDou reference stations; Deploy the hosting platform and level it to the allowable deviation range; The positioning system is activated and a stable communication connection is established with the BeiDou reference station. S2, Coarse Positioning Stage: The photovoltaic support module is hoisted to a position 50-100cm above the support platform. The position coordinates are collected in real time using the Beidou system or GNSS dual-mode positioning system, and the deviation from the target coordinates is calculated. The horizontal position of the support module is adjusted by using a laser guide, and the support module is placed in the coarse positioning area. S3, Precision Positioning Stage: The bracket module is embedded into the mechanical guide groove to complete the limiting and initial fixation; The tilt sensor monitors the levelness and automatically calibrates the posture of the support module. The positioning deviation of the bracket module is controlled within ±5mm by three-axis fine adjustment through electric push rod and hydraulic fine adjustment mechanism and the adjustment mechanism is locked. S4. Fixed Installation Stage: Tighten the foundation anchors of the photovoltaic support module with the preset torque, and after verifying that the position and level are correct, unlock the adjustment mechanism, remove the hoisting equipment and deploy the next set of hoisting operations; S5. Implementation adapted to high-altitude environments: Adaptive safeguards are implemented to address low temperatures, strong winds, and signal interference, ensuring stable operation of the entire device process.

2. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, after the X, Y, and Z axis installation coordinates of the photovoltaic support module are verified, the installation coordinates, installation sequence number, and corresponding foundation position of each support module are compiled and summarized according to the photovoltaic support hoisting construction sequence to generate a standardized positioning task list.

3. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the steps for setting up a millimeter-level control network by deploying BeiDou reference stations are as follows: First, based on the topography of the construction site and the distribution of photovoltaic bracket installation areas, select areas with open views, no obstructions, and stable geological conditions as the deployment points for Beidou reference stations to ensure that the reference stations can receive stable Beidou satellite signals and that the signals cover the entire hoisting operation area. During the deployment process, the base station equipment was fixed and the antenna height and angle were adjusted in accordance with the BeiDou base station installation specifications to ensure that the equipment was installed firmly and the signal reception was stable. After the base station is deployed, the equipment is started for debugging, satellite signal acquisition and data calibration are completed, a reference coordinate system is established, and the reference data is transmitted to the positioning system to provide a precise reference for the subsequent positioning of the support module, ensuring that the positioning accuracy of the control network reaches the millimeter level.

4. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, the steps of deploying the support platform and leveling it to the allowable deviation range are as follows: First, based on the location distribution and terrain conditions of the hoisting operation points, the carrying platform is transported to the designated hoisting operation points; After the transport is completed, deploy the outriggers of the carrying platform according to the operating procedures to ensure that the outriggers are firmly supported, in close contact with the ground, and without shaking or settling. Subsequently, the leveling system of the support platform is activated. The horizontal sensor monitors the horizontal status of the platform in real time and adjusts the height of the outriggers to ensure that the support platform is in a horizontal state. The horizontal deviation is controlled within the allowable range, providing a stable support foundation for the precise positioning of the support module. After leveling is completed, the mechanical structure, hydraulic system, and electrical system of the support platform are inspected to ensure that all components are operating normally and there are no potential faults.

5. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step S2, when the support module is 10-20cm away from the surface of the bearing platform, the lowering is paused, and the position deviation of the support module is checked again through the positioning system to confirm that the deviation is still within the allowable range of coarse positioning. After confirming that everything is correct, continue lowering the support module until it contacts the surface of the support platform, completing the initial positioning stage.

6. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step S3, after the support module is initially fixed, the attitude adjustment module is started. The attitude adjustment module collects the horizontality data of the support module in real time. After the horizontality data is transmitted to the positioning system terminal, the positioning system terminal analyzes the current horizontality deviation of the support module, generates an attitude adjustment command, and then controls the operation of the attitude adjustment module. The attitude adjustment module automatically adjusts the tilt angle of the support module according to the instructions, gradually calibrating the levelness of the support module to ensure that the support module is in a horizontal state.

7. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, the locking adjustment mechanism includes locking the electric push rod, the hydraulic fine-tuning mechanism, and the attitude adjustment module.

8. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step S5, the low-temperature protection adaptation includes: The electronic components use industrial-grade wide-temperature devices, with an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃; The hydraulic system uses low-temperature resistant hydraulic oil; The hydraulic system, electronic control module, and battery pack are equipped with electric heating modules. When the ambient temperature is below -30 degrees Celsius, the electric heating modules will automatically start to preheat the key components. The battery pack uses low-temperature lithium batteries.

9. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the protection and adaptation for strong wind environments includes: Before hoisting operations, one end of the windproof cable is connected to the anchor point of the bearing platform, and the other end of the windproof cable is firmly connected to the ground anchor at the construction site to enhance the stability of the bearing platform. Wind speed sensors are installed on the support platform to monitor the wind speed on site in real time. The wind speed data is transmitted to the positioning system terminal in real time. When the wind speed reaches 20 meters per second, the positioning system automatically issues an alarm and stops the hoisting operation. The construction personnel immediately take protective measures to fix the support module firmly. A windproof fixing device is installed on the support module. Before the support module is placed in position, the windproof device will fix the support module to prevent it from being blown off course by the wind during hoisting and adjustment.

10. The modular hoisting and positioning method for ultra-high altitude photovoltaic construction as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Step S5 includes the following adaptation measures to ensure high-altitude signal coverage: Self-organizing network communication uses low-frequency band communication; Signal relay equipment was deployed at the construction site.

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