Vehicle-mounted household garbage pyrolysis resource processing and waste heat recycling system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a vehicle-mounted system and method for the pyrolysis and resource recovery of municipal solid waste, along with waste heat recycling. The system includes: a vehicle-mounted platform; and a double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace mounted on the platform. The furnace has an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner cavity contains municipal solid waste and is equipped with a stirring mechanism. The outer cavity serves as a hot air channel for introducing hot air to heat, dehydrate, and soften the waste in the inner cavity. This invention integrates pretreatment, pyrolysis, energy recycling, and flue gas purification modules onto a vehicle platform, enabling mobile deployment and rapid on-site processing of municipal solid waste. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis process converts municipal solid waste into resource-based products such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, and pyrolysis coke, achieving waste reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization, while reducing long-distance transportation costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mobile environmental protection equipment and municipal solid waste resource utilization technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization system and waste heat recycling system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the amount of domestic waste generated continues to increase, and domestic waste treatment technologies are gradually developing towards reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery. In the early days, domestic waste was mainly treated by landfill and stockpiling. Subsequently, various technologies such as incineration, biological treatment, and pyrolysis resource utilization have been developed. Among them, pyrolysis technology can convert domestic waste into resources such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil, and pyrolysis char under anaerobic or low-oxygen conditions, realizing the resource utilization of waste and becoming an important technological direction for the comprehensive treatment of domestic waste.

[0003] With the development of environmental protection equipment manufacturing technology, waste treatment equipment is gradually evolving from traditional fixed treatment equipment to modular, integrated, and mobile equipment. In recent years, mobile environmental protection equipment has integrated waste treatment functions into vehicle platforms by combining pyrolysis treatment, energy recycling, and flue gas purification technologies, enabling flexible deployment and on-site treatment of municipal solid waste and providing a new technological development direction for the resource-based treatment of municipal solid waste.

[0004] However, the existing technology still has the following defects and shortcomings: (i) The mobility of equipment is low. Existing mobile waste treatment equipment has a single function and insufficient resource utilization capacity. Existing municipal solid waste pyrolysis and incineration equipment mostly adopts fixed installation method. The equipment is large in scale and has a long construction period, making it difficult to deploy flexibly. For remote areas, rural areas and sudden concentrated waste generation scenarios, long-distance transportation is required for treatment. Even if some vehicles have waste treatment functions, they are mainly used for waste collection, compression and transfer. They cannot realize on-site resource utilization treatment and it is difficult to convert waste into economically valuable resource products. The level of comprehensive resource utilization is low.

[0005] (ii) Traditional pyrolysis equipment is heavily reliant on external energy sources and has insufficient waste heat utilization, resulting in low energy efficiency. Existing pyrolysis equipment typically relies on external fuel or electricity to maintain operation. The utilization rate of combustible gases generated by pyrolysis is low, and a large amount of pyrolysis gas is not effectively recovered and utilized, resulting in energy waste. At the same time, the waste heat utilization rate of high-temperature flue gas generated by waste heat treatment is low, and a large amount of heat energy is directly emitted. There is a lack of systematic waste heat recovery and cascade utilization schemes, resulting in low overall energy efficiency, high operating costs, and limiting the independent operation capability of the equipment in remote areas.

[0006] (iii) High moisture content of waste affects pyrolysis efficiency; the moisture content of domestic waste is relatively high, usually reaching 40% to 60%. Direct pyrolysis will consume a lot of heat for water evaporation, reducing the treatment efficiency; existing technologies lack effective pretreatment dehydration methods, resulting in high energy consumption and low efficiency in the pyrolysis process.

[0007] (iv) The flue gas purification system is large in size and difficult to integrate on the vehicle. Most of the existing flue gas treatment equipment are fixed large-scale devices, which include multiple independent units such as acid removal, dust removal and dioxin removal. They occupy a lot of space and are not suitable for mobile devices with limited space. How to achieve efficient and compliant flue gas purification in the limited vehicle space is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently for vehicle-mounted waste treatment equipment.

[0008] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, this invention proposes a vehicle-mounted system and method for the pyrolysis and resource utilization of municipal solid waste and the recycling of waste heat. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted system and method for pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste, aiming to realize the mobile deployment of municipal solid waste treatment equipment, resource utilization of waste, self-circulating energy supply of the system, and compliance of flue gas emissions under vehicle conditions.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vehicle-mounted system for the pyrolysis and resource recovery of municipal solid waste and the recycling of waste heat, comprising: In-vehicle platform; The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is installed on the vehicle platform. The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace has an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner cavity is used to contain domestic waste and is equipped with a stirring mechanism. The outer cavity is a hot air channel for introducing hot air to heat, dehydrate and soften the domestic waste in the inner cavity. The pyrolysis reaction device is installed on the vehicle platform. The feed inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device is connected to the discharge outlet of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. It is used to perform anaerobic pyrolysis on the pretreated municipal solid waste to produce pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke. A product collection device is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device for collecting and storing the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke; The combustion device installed on the vehicle platform is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device and the oil outlet of the product collection device. It is used to burn pyrolysis gas and part of pyrolysis oil to generate high-temperature flue gas and provide heat to the pyrolysis reaction device. The waste heat recovery heat exchange device has its flue gas inlet connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and its air outlet connected to the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. It is used to recover the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and convert it into hot air for use by the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. A flue gas purification device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device and is used to purify the flue gas after heat exchange; and an automatic control module is connected to the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, the pyrolysis reaction device, the combustion device, the waste heat recovery heat exchange device and the flue gas purification device for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the system's operating parameters.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace includes a rotatable inner cylinder and an outer cylinder sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder, a hot air channel is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the agitation mechanism is an agitator blade or a lifting plate arranged axially inside the inner cylinder, and the operating temperature of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is 200~250℃.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the product collection device includes a pyrolysis oil collection chamber, a pyrolysis coke collection chamber, and a sealing structure. The product collection device is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device through a solid-liquid pipeline. The product collection device separates the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke and stores them in the pyrolysis oil collection chamber and the pyrolysis coke collection chamber, respectively. The sealing structure is set at the inlet and outlet of the pyrolysis oil collection chamber and the pyrolysis coke collection chamber to prevent the pyrolysis products from leaking and coming into contact with air.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis reaction device is a rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace, and the heating jacket of the rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion device, so that the pyrolysis reaction is carried out by indirect heating through high-temperature flue gas. The combustion device includes a combustion furnace and a flue gas output pipe. The combustion furnace is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device through a gas pipe, and the combustion furnace is connected to the oil outlet of the product collection device through an oil pipe. It is used to burn the pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil. The combustion temperature is not lower than 850°C. The combustion furnace is provided with an air inlet for supplying combustion air to the combustion furnace. The flue gas output pipe connects the flue gas outlet of the combustion furnace to the heating inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device and the flue gas inlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste heat recovery heat exchange device is a gas-to-gas heat exchanger. High-temperature flue gas from the combustion device is introduced into the primary side of the gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and ambient air is introduced into the secondary side. The ambient air is heated to 250°C through heat exchange and then introduced into the outer cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace for its use through a hot air supply pipe. The ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchange device at a temperature of 20~30°C.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas purification device is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchange device through a flue gas purification pipeline, and the flue gas purification device includes a dry desulfurization adsorption reactor, a cyclone dust collector and a bag filter arranged sequentially along the flue gas flow direction of the flue gas purification pipeline. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor is used to remove acidic gases from the flue gas. The cyclone dust collector is connected to the outlet of the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor and is used to remove coarse particulate matter and fly ash from the flue gas. The bag filter is connected to the outlet of the cyclone dust collector and is used to remove fine particulate matter from the flue gas. The inlet flue gas temperature of the flue gas purification device is 180°C.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic control module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a control module. The temperature sensors are respectively installed in the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, the pyrolysis reaction device, and the combustion device to collect temperature signals. The pressure sensors are installed on the flue gas ducts of the pyrolysis reaction device and the flue gas purification device to collect pressure signals. The flow sensors are installed on the air supply duct of the combustion device and the air duct of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device to collect flow signals. The control module is connected to the signals of each of the sensors and automatically adjusts the valve opening, fan speed, and operating status of the conveying device according to the collected signals.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Send ambient air into the waste heat recovery heat exchanger for heat exchange to obtain hot air; S2. The hot air is introduced into the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, and the domestic waste is sent into the inner cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace to heat, dehydrate and soften the domestic waste. S3. The pre-treated domestic waste is sent into the pyrolysis reactor and pyrolyzed under oxygen-deficient and high-temperature conditions to generate pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke. S4. The pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil are fed into a combustion device for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is used to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction device. S5. Send another part of the high-temperature flue gas into the waste heat recovery heat exchange device for heat exchange, and transport the hot air generated after heat exchange to the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace for preheating and dehydration of domestic waste. S6. The pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke are separated and stored using a product collection device; S7. The flue gas after waste heat recovery is sequentially sent to the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor, cyclone dust collector and bag dust collector of the flue gas purification device for purification treatment. S8. The automatic control module monitors temperature, pressure and flow parameters in real time and automatically adjusts the system operating status.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchange device at 20~30°C and obtains hot air at 250°C after heat exchange. The operating temperature of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is 200~250℃, and the moisture content of the domestic waste is reduced to below 20% after pretreatment. The pyrolysis reaction temperature is 400℃~800℃, and the pyrolysis time is 30~120min; The combustion temperature of the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil in the combustion device is not lower than 850°C.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the flue gas purification step, the flue gas temperature entering the flue gas purification device after waste heat recovery is 180°C, the dioxin content in the purified flue gas is ≤0.1ngTEQ / Nm³, and the particulate matter emission concentration is ≤30mg / Nm³.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention integrates pretreatment, pyrolysis, energy recycling and flue gas purification and other functional modules into a vehicle platform to realize the mobile deployment and rapid on-site processing of municipal solid waste treatment equipment. At the same time, through pyrolysis, municipal solid waste is converted into resource-based products such as pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke, thereby achieving waste reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization, and reducing long-distance transportation costs. 2. This invention utilizes the pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil generated by pyrolysis for combustion to provide heat for the pyrolysis process. At the same time, it recovers the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas through a waste heat recovery heat exchange device for waste pretreatment, realizing the cascade recycling of thermal energy, reducing external energy input, and improving overall energy utilization efficiency. 3. This invention adopts a double-layer rotary pretreatment structure, which uses hot air to dehydrate and soften the waste, reduce the water content of the waste, reduce energy consumption in the pyrolysis process, and improve the efficiency of subsequent pyrolysis reactions. 4. This invention integrates purification units such as dry desulfurization adsorption, cyclone dust removal and bag dust removal to perform multi-stage treatment on pollutants generated by heat treatment, achieving compliant flue gas emissions within a limited space, and controlling dioxin emission concentration to below 0.1 ngTEQ / Nm³. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is an overall flow chart of the pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle-mounted structure of the pyrolysis resource recovery and waste heat recycling system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram, 1. Vehicle-mounted platform; 2. Double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace; 21. Stirring mechanism; 22. Inner cylinder; 23. Outer cylinder; 3. Pyrolysis reaction device; 4. Product collection device; 41. Solid-liquid pipeline; 5. Combustion device; 51. Combustion furnace; 52. Flue gas output pipeline; 53. Gas pipeline; 6. Waste heat recovery heat exchange device; 61. Hot air supply pipeline; 7. Flue gas purification device; 71. Flue gas purification pipeline; 72. Dry desulfurization adsorption reactor; 73. Cyclone dust collector; 74. Bag filter dust collector; 8. Automatic control module. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system, including a vehicle-mounted platform 1, a double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2, a pyrolysis reaction device 3, a combustion device 5, a waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6, a product collection device 4, a flue gas purification device 7, and an automatic control module 8.

[0026] The vehicle-mounted platform 1 is a heavy-duty truck chassis or a trailer platform. All functional modules are integrated and installed within the cargo compartment or container of the vehicle-mounted platform 1, enabling the overall movement of the equipment. The container adopts a standard-sized design, such as a 20-foot or 40-foot container, facilitating road, rail, or waterway transportation. The modules are connected via quick-connect flanges and flexible pipes, allowing for rapid on-site assembly and disassembly. Through this integrated vehicle-mounted design, the system can flexibly transfer waste according to the different waste generation situations in different areas, achieving on-site processing without the need for long-distance waste transportation. This is particularly suitable for remote areas, rural areas, and scenarios involving sudden concentrations of waste generation.

[0027] The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 is installed on the vehicle platform 1. The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 has an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner cavity is used to contain domestic waste and is equipped with a stirring mechanism 21. The outer cavity is a hot air channel for introducing hot air to heat, dehydrate and soften the domestic waste in the inner cavity.

[0028] The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 includes a rotatable inner cylinder 22 and an outer cylinder 23 sleeved outside the inner cylinder 22. A hot air channel is formed between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23. The stirring mechanism 21 consists of stirring blades or lifting plates arranged axially inside the inner cylinder 22. Specifically, the inner cylinder 22 of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 is connected to a drive device, which drives the inner cylinder 22 to rotate and cooperate with the stirring mechanism 21 to stir the domestic waste inside the inner cylinder 22. The operating temperature of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 is 200~250℃. Through the rotation of the inner cylinder 22 and the combined action of the internal stirring blades or lifting plates, the domestic waste is continuously turned over and lifted inside the furnace, making full contact with the heat transferred by the hot air channel, achieving uniform heating and efficient dehydration of the domestic waste, effectively reducing the moisture content of the waste and reducing energy consumption in the subsequent pyrolysis process.

[0029] In specific implementation, the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 has a total length of 3.0m, an inner cylinder 22 with a diameter of 1m, and an annular hot air channel between the inner cylinder 22 and the outer cylinder 23 with a thickness of 0.1m. The outer cylinder 23 is covered with a 0.8m layer of aluminum silicate cotton insulation. The rotation speed of the inner cylinder 22 is 5r / min. Lifting plates are evenly arranged along the axial direction on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 22. The lifting plates are of the type with straight plates and 35° folded edges. The folding edge direction is consistent with the rotation direction of the cylinder. They are used to lift and scatter the material to form a uniform material curtain. The material is pushed along the axial direction inside the cylinder. The entire process relies on a 3° tilt angle of the cylinder, without the need for blade shape guidance. There are 8 lifting plates circumferentially distributed at a 45° angle along the inner circumference of the cylinder, with an axial spacing of 300mm. The lifting plate height is 120mm and the thickness is 8mm. The cylinder tilt angle is set at 3°. The effective residence time of the waste with an initial moisture content of about 50wt% in the cylinder is about 25-30 minutes. After indirect heating and dehydration with 250℃ hot air, the moisture content of the discharged material can be stably reduced to 20-30wt%. The processing capacity of a single unit is set at 300kg / h.

[0030] The pyrolysis reaction device 3 is installed on the vehicle platform 1. The feed inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 is connected to the discharge outlet of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2. It is used to perform anaerobic pyrolysis on the pretreated municipal solid waste to produce pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke.

[0031] In specific implementation, the pyrolysis reaction device 3 is a rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace. The heating jacket of the rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion device 5, and the pyrolysis reaction is carried out by indirect heating through high-temperature flue gas. Specifically, the pyrolysis device is placed horizontally, and the pyrolysis device uses inner continuous spiral blades to propel the material forward. The material filling rate is 18-20%, the rotation speed is 0.5 r / min, and the heating area is 6 m². 2 The material residence time is 30 minutes. The rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace is highly adaptable to pre-treated waste, has low requirements for feed particle size, and the indirect heating method can effectively avoid direct contact between flue gas and materials, reducing the risk of dioxin and other pollutants being generated during the pyrolysis stage.

[0032] The product collection device 4 is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 and is used to collect and store pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke.

[0033] In practice, the product collection device 4 includes a pyrolysis oil collection chamber, a pyrolysis coke collection chamber, and a sealing structure. The product collection device 4 is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 through the solid-liquid pipeline 41. The pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke are separated by the product collection device 4 and stored in the pyrolysis oil collection bin and the pyrolysis coke collection bin respectively. The sealing structure is set at the inlet and outlet of the pyrolysis oil collection bin and the pyrolysis coke collection bin to prevent the pyrolysis products from leaking and coming into contact with air.

[0034] The combustion device 5 is installed on the vehicle platform 1. The combustion device 5 is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 and the oil outlet of the product collection device 4. It is used to burn pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil to generate high-temperature flue gas. Specifically, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is 750-850℃, and it provides heat to the pyrolysis reaction device 3.

[0035] In specific implementation, the combustion device 5 includes a combustion furnace 51 and a flue gas output pipe 52. The combustion furnace 51 is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 via a gas pipe 53, and to the oil outlet of the product collection device 4 via an oil pipe. It is used to burn pyrolysis gas and a portion of the pyrolysis oil, which accounts for 25-35% of the total. The combustion temperature is not lower than 850℃. Specifically, the pyrolysis chamber is under a slight negative pressure. The pyrolysis gas is blown into the pyrolysis chamber by an induced draft fan, and the pyrolysis oil is pumped to the atomizing nozzle and sprayed into the combustion chamber. Inside the pyrolysis chamber, the combustion furnace 51 is equipped with an air inlet for supplying combustion air. A flue gas outlet pipe 52 connects the flue gas outlet of the combustion furnace 51 to the heating inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 and the flue gas inlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6. Specifically, the distribution ratio of the high-temperature flue gas flow in the flue gas outlet pipe 52 is as follows: approximately 60% of the high-temperature flue gas is delivered to the pyrolysis reaction device 3 to maintain pyrolysis at 650°C, and approximately 40% of the high-temperature flue gas is delivered to the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 to generate 250°C hot air. By directly introducing the pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil generated by the pyrolysis reaction into the combustion furnace 51 for combustion, on-site utilization of the pyrolysis products is achieved, reducing external energy input. Simultaneously, a combustion temperature of not less than 850°C effectively ensures the complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, reducing the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins. Furthermore, the high-temperature flue gas is delivered to the pyrolysis reaction device 3 and the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 via the outlet pipe, achieving rational distribution and tiered utilization of the high-temperature flue gas.

[0036] Waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 has its flue gas inlet connected to the flue gas outlet of combustion device 5, and its air outlet connected to the hot air channel of double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2. It is used to recover the heat of high-temperature flue gas and convert it into hot air for use in double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2.

[0037] In specific implementation, the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 6 is a gas-to-gas heat exchanger. High-temperature flue gas from the combustion device 5 is introduced to the primary side of the gas-to-gas heat exchanger, while ambient air is introduced to the secondary side. The ambient air is heated to 250°C through heat exchange and then supplied to the outer cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 via the hot air supply pipe 61. The ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 6 at a temperature of 20-30°C. Specifically, the inlet temperature of the high-temperature flue gas side of the gas-to-gas heat exchanger is 850°C, and the outlet temperature is 200°C. The inlet temperature of the air side of the gas-to-gas heat exchanger is 25°C, and the outlet temperature is 250°C. Through this waste heat recovery structure, the heat energy contained in the high-temperature flue gas is effectively captured and converted into a direct heat source required for pretreatment, realizing the recovery and cascade utilization of flue gas waste heat and significantly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0038] The flue gas purification device 7 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 and is used to purify the flue gas after heat exchange.

[0039] In specific implementation, the flue gas purification device 7 is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 through the flue gas purification pipe 71. The flue gas purification device 7 includes a dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72, a cyclone dust collector 73 and a bag dust collector 74 arranged sequentially along the flue gas flow direction of the flue gas purification pipe 71. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72 is used to remove acidic gases from the flue gas. The cyclone dust collector 73 is connected to the outlet of the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72 and is used to remove coarse particulate matter and fly ash from the flue gas. Specifically, the front end of the dry desulfurization reactor is slaked lime, about 6 kg / h, with a storage capacity of 150-200 kg, replenished every four days. The middle part is activated carbon, about 0.6 kg / h. Both are powder sprayed. The bag filter 74 is connected to the outlet of the cyclone dust collector 73 and is used to remove fine particulate matter from the flue gas. Specifically, the filter bag material of the bag filter 74 is PTFE-coated needle-punched felt, the filter bag specification is φ130×2000mm, the number of filter bags is 160, and the filtration area is about 125m². The bag filter 74 is cleaned by pulse jet cleaning. The inlet flue gas temperature of the flue gas purification device 7 is 180℃.

[0040] The three purification units are arranged in series along the flue gas flow direction. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72 first removes acidic gases such as SO2 and HCl, reducing the risk of acid corrosion in subsequent dust removal units. The cyclone dust collector 73 uses centrifugal force to separate coarse particles and fly ash, reducing the dust load of the bag filter 74. The bag filter 74 performs fine filtration of fine particles.

[0041] The three-stage purification units work together to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants from flue gas within a limited vehicle space. The inlet temperature of 180°C not only meets the optimal operating temperature range of the bag filter 74, but also avoids condensation of flue gas and equipment corrosion caused by excessively low temperatures. At the same time, this temperature range is conducive to the physical adsorption of dioxins on activated carbon.

[0042] The automatic control module 8 is connected to the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2, the pyrolysis reaction device 3, the combustion device 5, the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6, and the flue gas purification device 7 for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the system's operating parameters.

[0043] In practice, the automatic control module 8 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a control module. Temperature sensors are installed in the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2, pyrolysis reaction device 3, and combustion device 5 to collect temperature signals. Pressure sensors are installed on the flue gas ducts of pyrolysis reaction device 3 and flue gas purification device 7 to collect pressure signals. Flow sensors are installed on the air supply duct of combustion device 5 and the air duct of waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 to collect flow signals. The control module is connected to each sensor signal and automatically adjusts the valve opening, fan speed, and conveyor operation status according to the collected signals. Through the above-mentioned multi-sensor fusion automatic control structure, the system can perceive the operating status of each key link in real time and automatically adjust when the operating conditions fluctuate, ensuring the stability of pyrolysis temperature, combustion temperature, and flue gas treatment efficiency, and improving the safety and reliability of the vehicle-mounted equipment for long-term unattended operation in the field or remote areas.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste, including the following steps: S1. Ambient air is sent into the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 for heat exchange to obtain hot air.

[0046] In this process, ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6 at a temperature of 20~30℃, and after heat exchange, it obtains hot air at a temperature of 250℃.

[0047] S2. Hot air is introduced into the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2. Specifically, 250°C hot air enters the outer hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 at a flow rate of approximately 3000 m³ / h, with an average flow velocity of approximately 1.3 m / s within the channel. This feeds the municipal solid waste into the inner cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2, where it is heated, dehydrated, and softened. Specifically, the inner cavity rotates continuously under the drive of the rotary drive mechanism, and the internal stirring blades or lifting plates continuously agitate the municipal solid waste, ensuring that the waste comes into full contact with the heat transferred from the hot air channel, achieving uniform heating. After pretreatment, the moisture content of the municipal solid waste is reduced to below 20%.

[0048] The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 operates at a temperature of 200~250℃. After pretreatment, the moisture content of domestic waste is reduced to below 20%. A large amount of free water and some bound water in the waste evaporate rapidly under the action of high-temperature hot air. At the same time, the waste is constantly turned over by rotation and stirring, avoiding heating dead zones and local overheating, achieving uniform softening, and creating favorable conditions for subsequent pyrolysis reaction.

[0049] S3. The pretreated domestic waste is sent into the pyrolysis reactor 3, where it undergoes pyrolysis under anaerobic and high-temperature conditions to generate pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke.

[0050] The pyrolysis reaction temperature is 400℃~800℃, preferably 650~750℃, and the pyrolysis time is 30~120 min, preferably 45~60 min. The material channel inside the pyrolysis device is sealed to maintain a slightly negative pressure state inside the furnace for oxygen-deficient pyrolysis. Under oxygen-deficient conditions, the organic matter in municipal solid waste undergoes thermochemical decomposition, and the macromolecular organic matter is broken down into small molecule combustible gas: pyrolysis gas, liquid organic products: pyrolysis oil, and solid residue: pyrolysis coke. This realizes the transformation of municipal solid waste from waste into resource-based products such as combustible gas, fuel oil, and carbon materials.

[0051] S4. The pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil are fed into the combustion device 5 for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas is used to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction device 3. Part of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to the heating jacket of the pyrolysis reaction device 3 through the flue gas output pipe 52 to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction. The other part is sent to the waste heat recovery heat exchange device 6.

[0052] In the combustion device 5, the combustion temperature of the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil is not lower than 850℃; the combustible products generated by pyrolysis are directly recycled and used as a heat source, and the high temperature environment of the pyrolysis reaction can be maintained without external auxiliary fuel, realizing the self-sufficiency of internal heat of the system and greatly reducing the dependence on external energy.

[0053] S5. Another portion of the high-temperature flue gas is sent to the waste heat recovery heat exchanger 6 for heat exchange. The hot air generated after heat exchange is then transported to the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2 for preheating and dehydrating municipal solid waste, achieving a cascaded recycling of thermal energy. The high-temperature flue gas generated from combustion is first used for heating the pyrolysis reaction, and then the waste heat carried by the flue gas is used to preheat the pretreatment air through the heat exchanger. The hot air then enters the pretreatment furnace to dehydrate the waste. Thus, the thermal energy of the high-temperature flue gas is utilized in three stages: pyrolysis heating, air preheating, and waste dehydration, maximizing the system's thermal energy utilization efficiency.

[0054] S6. The pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke are separated and stored through the product collection device 4. The pyrolysis oil collection bin collects and stores the pyrolysis oil, and the pyrolysis coke collection bin collects and stores the pyrolysis coke. The sealed structure ensures a safe and sealed collection process. The liquid and solid products generated during pyrolysis are collected and stored separately. The sealed structure effectively prevents the safety hazards of pyrolysis oil volatilization and pyrolysis coke spontaneous combustion, realizing the safe recycling of waste resource products and facilitating subsequent transportation and comprehensive utilization.

[0055] S7. The flue gas after waste heat recovery is sequentially sent to the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72, cyclone dust collector 73 and bag dust collector 74 of the flue gas purification device 7 for purification treatment. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72 removes acidic gases, the cyclone dust collector 73 removes coarse particles and fly ash, and the bag dust collector 74 removes fine particles.

[0056] In the flue gas purification process, the flue gas temperature entering the flue gas purification device 7 after waste heat recovery is 180℃. After purification, the dioxin content in the flue gas is ≤0.1ngTEQ / Nm³, and the particulate matter emission concentration is ≤30mg / Nm³. The flue gas undergoes three stages of treatment: chemical adsorption deacidification, centrifugal dust removal, and filtration dust removal. These stages remove gaseous pollutants (acidic gases), medium-sized particulate matter (coarse particles and fly ash), and fine particulate matter (fine particles) in a step-by-step manner, achieving comprehensive treatment of multiple types of pollutants in the flue gas and ensuring that emission indicators meet environmental protection standards.

[0057] S8. The automatic control module 8 monitors temperature, pressure and flow parameters in real time and automatically adjusts the system's operating status. During operation, the system can adjust operating parameters such as air supply, material conveying speed and valve opening in real time according to the feedback signals from each sensor, so that each link always works within the preset optimal process window, improving the system's adaptability under variable load conditions and its long-term operational stability.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process parameters can be further optimized as follows: When municipal solid waste enters the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace 2, its original moisture content is usually 40%~60%. Under the action of hot air at 200~250℃, after 15~60 minutes of preheating and dehydration treatment, the moisture content of municipal solid waste can be reduced to 15%~20%, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of water evaporation in the subsequent pyrolysis process.

[0060] Pretreated municipal solid waste enters a rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace and undergoes pyrolysis reaction within a preferred temperature range of 500℃ to 650℃, with a residence time of 45 to 90 minutes. Under these conditions, the pyrolysis conversion rate of organic matter in municipal solid waste can reach over 85%, the pyrolysis gas yield is approximately 30% to 45%, the pyrolysis oil yield is approximately 15% to 25%, and the pyrolysis coke yield is approximately 20% to 30%.

[0061] The combustion temperature of the combustion device 5 is controlled at 850℃~1050℃, preferably 900℃~1000℃. By controlling the combustion temperature, combustion residence time and air supply, the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are fully combusted, and the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins is reduced. After the high-temperature flue gas is recovered from waste heat, the temperature drops to about 180℃, which meets the optimal operating temperature requirements of the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72.

[0062] The flue gas purification system operates at an inlet temperature of 180℃. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor 72 is filled with calcium-based or sodium-based desulfurizing agents to adsorb and remove acidic gases in the flue gas. The cyclone dust collector 73 has a cutting particle size of 5~10μm, which can effectively remove coarse particulate matter in the flue gas. The bag filter 74 uses PTFE membrane filter bags with a filtration accuracy of 0.1~1μm and a removal efficiency of over 99.9% for fine particulate matter. Combined with the synergistic adsorption effect of activated carbon in the dry desulfurization adsorption process, the removal efficiency of dioxins in the flue gas can reach over 95%, ensuring that the emission concentration is controlled below 0.1ngTEQ / Nm³.

[0063] This invention provides a vehicle-mounted system and method for the pyrolysis and resource recovery of municipal solid waste and the recycling of waste heat. It integrates the functions of municipal solid waste pretreatment, pyrolysis and resource recovery, energy recycling and flue gas purification into a vehicle platform. It has the advantages of high mobility, high resource recovery, high energy utilization efficiency and good environmental performance. It can be widely used in the fields of urban municipal solid waste treatment, rural waste on-site treatment and emergency waste treatment in public emergencies. It has good industrial practical value and broad market application prospects.

[0064] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted system for the pyrolysis and resource recovery of municipal solid waste and the recycling of waste heat, characterized in that: include: In-vehicle platform; The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is installed on the vehicle platform. The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace has an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner cavity is used to contain domestic waste and is equipped with a stirring mechanism. The outer cavity is a hot air channel for introducing hot air to heat, dehydrate and soften the domestic waste in the inner cavity. The pyrolysis reaction device is installed on the vehicle platform. The feed inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device is connected to the discharge outlet of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. It is used to perform anaerobic pyrolysis on the pretreated municipal solid waste to produce pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke. A product collection device is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device for collecting and storing the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke; The combustion device installed on the vehicle platform is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device and the oil outlet of the product collection device. It is used to burn pyrolysis gas and part of pyrolysis oil to generate high-temperature flue gas and provide heat to the pyrolysis reaction device. The waste heat recovery heat exchange device has its flue gas inlet connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and its air outlet connected to the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. It is used to recover the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and convert it into hot air for use by the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace. A flue gas purification device is connected to the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device and is used to purify the flue gas after heat exchange. The system also includes an automatic control module, which is connected to the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, the pyrolysis reaction device, the combustion device, the waste heat recovery heat exchange device, and the flue gas purification device for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the system's operating parameters.

2. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace includes a rotatable inner cylinder and an outer cylinder sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder. A hot air channel is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The stirring mechanism is a stirring blade or lifting plate arranged axially inside the inner cylinder. The operating temperature of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is 200~250℃.

3. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The product collection device includes a pyrolysis oil collection chamber, a pyrolysis coke collection chamber, and a sealing structure; The product collection device is connected to the solid-liquid outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device through a solid-liquid pipeline. The product collection device separates the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke and stores them in the pyrolysis oil collection chamber and the pyrolysis coke collection chamber, respectively. The sealing structure is set at the inlet and outlet of the pyrolysis oil collection chamber and the pyrolysis coke collection chamber to prevent the pyrolysis products from leaking and coming into contact with air.

4. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis reaction device is a rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace. The heating jacket of the rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace is connected to the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the combustion device, and the pyrolysis reaction is carried out by indirect heating through high-temperature flue gas. The combustion device includes a combustion furnace and a flue gas output pipe. The combustion furnace is connected to the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction device through a gas pipe, and the combustion furnace is connected to the oil outlet of the product collection device through an oil pipe. It is used to burn the pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil. The combustion temperature is not lower than 850°C. The combustion furnace is provided with an air inlet for supplying combustion air to the combustion furnace. The flue gas output pipe connects the flue gas outlet of the combustion furnace to the heating inlet of the pyrolysis reaction device and the flue gas inlet of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device.

5. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat recovery heat exchange device is a gas-to-gas heat exchanger. High-temperature flue gas from the combustion device is introduced into the primary side of the gas-to-gas heat exchanger, and ambient air is introduced into the secondary side. The ambient air is heated to 250°C through heat exchange and then introduced into the outer cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace for use by the hot air supply pipe. The ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchange device at 20~30°C.

6. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas purification device is connected to the waste heat recovery heat exchange device through a flue gas purification pipeline. The flue gas purification device includes a dry desulfurization adsorption reactor, a cyclone dust collector and a bag filter arranged sequentially along the flue gas flow direction of the flue gas purification pipeline. The dry desulfurization adsorption reactor is used to remove acidic gases from the flue gas. The cyclone dust collector is connected to the outlet of the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor and is used to remove coarse particulate matter and fly ash from the flue gas. The bag filter is connected to the outlet of the cyclone dust collector and is used to remove fine particulate matter from the flue gas. The inlet flue gas temperature of the flue gas purification device is 180°C.

7. The vehicle-mounted municipal solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The automatic control module includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a control module. The temperature sensors are respectively installed in the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, the pyrolysis reaction device, and the combustion device to collect temperature signals. The pressure sensors are installed on the flue gas ducts of the pyrolysis reaction device and the flue gas purification device to collect pressure signals. The flow sensors are installed on the air supply duct of the combustion device and the air duct of the waste heat recovery heat exchange device to collect flow signals. The control module is connected to the signals of each of the sensors and automatically adjusts the valve opening, fan speed, and operating status of the conveying device according to the collected signals.

8. A method for vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource recovery and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste, applied to the vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource recovery and waste heat recycling system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Send ambient air into the waste heat recovery heat exchanger for heat exchange to obtain hot air; S2. The hot air is introduced into the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace, and the domestic waste is sent into the inner cavity of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace to heat, dehydrate and soften the domestic waste. S3. The pre-treated domestic waste is sent into the pyrolysis reactor and pyrolyzed under oxygen-deficient and high-temperature conditions to generate pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke. S4. The pyrolysis gas and part of the pyrolysis oil are fed into a combustion device for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is used to provide heat for the pyrolysis reaction device. S5. Send another part of the high-temperature flue gas into the waste heat recovery heat exchange device for heat exchange, and transport the hot air generated after heat exchange to the hot air channel of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace for preheating and dehydration of domestic waste. S6. The pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis coke are separated and stored using a product collection device; S7. The flue gas after waste heat recovery is sequentially sent to the dry desulfurization adsorption reactor, cyclone dust collector and bag dust collector of the flue gas purification device for purification treatment. S8. The automatic control module monitors temperature, pressure and flow parameters in real time and automatically adjusts the system operating status.

9. The method for vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ambient air enters the waste heat recovery heat exchange device at 20~30℃, and after heat exchange, it obtains hot air at 250℃. The operating temperature of the double-layer rotary pretreatment furnace is 200~250℃, and the moisture content of the domestic waste is reduced to below 20% after pretreatment. The pyrolysis reaction temperature is 400℃~800℃, and the pyrolysis time is 30~120min; The combustion temperature of the pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil in the combustion device is not lower than 850°C.

10. The method for vehicle-mounted pyrolysis resource utilization and waste heat recycling of municipal solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the flue gas purification step, the flue gas temperature entering the flue gas purification device after waste heat recovery is 180℃. The dioxin content in the purified flue gas is ≤0.1ngTEQ / Nm³, and the particulate matter emission concentration is ≤30mg / Nm³.

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