Camellia sinensis handmade soap and preparation process thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a golden camellia handmade soap and its preparation process, relating to the field of detergent technology. The golden camellia handmade soap comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts palm oil, 200-400 parts coconut oil, 600-800 parts olive oil, 150-300 parts sodium hydroxide, 100-200 parts golden camellia fermented liquid, 1-5 parts golden camellia fermented dry powder, 1-5 parts golden camellia essential oil, 5-10 parts milk, and 100-300 parts water. This invention utilizes a combination of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Acetobacter acetic acid* to extract the active ingredients of golden camellia through fermentation, and employs *Bacillus subtilis* to soften the golden camellia powder particles. This results in a soap that not only possesses good antibacterial and antioxidant effects and high skin moisturizing properties, but also extends its shelf life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of detergent technology, and in particular to a golden camellia handmade soap and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] Golden Flower Tea ( Camellia petelotii *Camellia chrysantha* (Merr.) Sealy is a plant belonging to the genus *Camellia* in the family Theaceae. It is mainly found in the tropical evergreen monsoon forests south of the Tropic of Cancer in southwestern Guangxi. Its main active ingredients are flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and polysaccharides, possessing antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and can be used in cosmetics and detergents. Currently, the method for using *Camellia chrysantha* to prepare antibacterial and antioxidant soaps involves directly adding *Camellia chrysantha* hydrosol, *Camellia chrysantha* essential oil, and dried *Camellia chrysantha* powder during preparation. *Camellia chrysantha* hydrosol is obtained by adding fresh or dried honeysuckle flowers to distilled water, collecting the distilled water using a distillation apparatus. *Honeysuckle* essential oil is obtained by repeatedly soaking fresh or dried honeysuckle flowers in olive oil. *Honeysuckle* powder is obtained by drying fresh or dried honeysuckle flowers, grinding them into a fine powder, and sieving. However, the preparation of Camellia chrysantha hydrosol requires specialized distillation equipment, and it contains a limited variety of active ingredients. When Camellia chrysantha powder is added directly, the hard particles create a gritty texture that can irritate the skin and damage the skin barrier with prolonged use. Additionally, the sugars and proteins in the powder decompose in alkali, producing an unpleasant odor. Furthermore, once the powdered plant cells are damaged, metal ions such as iron and copper, as well as polyphenol oxidase, are released. These substances catalyze the auto-oxidation of residual unsaturated fatty acids in the soap, causing soap containing Camellia chrysantha powder to develop yellowish-brown oil spots, indicating rancidity, after 5-6 months, thus shortening its shelf life. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a golden camellia handmade soap and its preparation process. This solves the problems of easy rancidity and shortened shelf life due to directly adding dried golden camellia powder during soap preparation, as well as the issue of large particles that easily irritate the skin. This invention uses a combination of *Lactobacillus plantarum* and *Acetobacter acetic acid bacteria* for fermentation to extract the active ingredients of golden camellia, and employs *Bacillus subtilis* to soften the golden camellia powder particles. This results in a soap that not only has good antibacterial and antioxidant effects and high skin moisturizing properties, but also extends its shelf life. The specific technical solution is as follows: A type of golden camellia handmade soap comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 100-200 parts palm oil, 200-400g parts coconut oil, 600-800 parts olive oil, 150-300 parts sodium hydroxide, 100-200 parts golden camellia fermented liquid, 1-5 parts golden camellia fermented dry powder, 1-5 parts golden camellia essential oil, 5-10 parts milk, and 100-300 parts water.

[0004] Further, the preparation method of the golden camellia fermentation liquid is as follows: the dried golden camellia flowers are crushed and added to sugar water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:(10-20) and mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture is pasteurized by heating in a water bath at 80°C for 15 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and then inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum. The mixture is sealed and anaerobic fermented at 35-37°C for 48-72 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material. Acetic acid bacteria are inoculated into the primary fermentation material, the lid is opened, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 28-30°C for 20-24 hours. The mixture is filtered, the fermentation liquid is collected, and the fermentation liquid is left open for 10-12 hours to obtain the golden camellia fermentation liquid.

[0005] Further, the sugar solution has a mass concentration of 5-10%; the inoculation amount of *Lactobacillus plantarum* is 0.2-0.8% of the weight of the mixture; and the inoculation amount of acetic acid bacteria is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the primary fermentation material.

[0006] Furthermore, the preparation method of the fermented dried tea flower powder is as follows: the dried tea flower is crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%, sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 15 minutes, cooled, inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, and fermented aerobicly at 30-37℃ for 24-48 hours. After fermentation, it is dried at low temperature at 45-55℃, crushed, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dried tea flower powder.

[0007] Furthermore, the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 1-1.5% of the weight of the cooled material.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the golden camellia essential oil is as follows: 50-100g of dried golden camellia flowers are soaked in 100ml of olive oil for 5-7 days, then the golden camellia flowers are replaced and the soaking is repeated until the oil turns golden yellow. The oil is then filtered and collected.

[0009] This invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned golden camellia handmade soap, comprising the following steps: (1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight proportions; mix sodium hydroxide and water to dissolve, cool, and obtain an alkaline solution; (2) Mix coconut oil and palm oil, add them to a bucket with a stirrer, add the lye solution, and continue to stir and saponify until a creamy consistency appears. Then pour in milk and olive oil and continue to stir until a creamy consistency appears. Next, add golden camellia ferment liquid, golden camellia essential oil and golden camellia ferment dry powder, and continue to stir until smooth and without bubbles to obtain a mixture. (3) Pour the mixture into a mold and place it in an oven at 30-35°C or at room temperature. On the 3rd or 4th day, remove it from the mold, cut it to the size to be used, and air dry it at room temperature to obtain the Camellia japonica handmade soap.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (1), the cooling temperature is 40-50°C.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (3), the time for air drying at room temperature is 14-20 days.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention uses *Lactobacillus plantarum* to ferment *Camellia chrysantha*, which can rapidly degrade *Camellia chrysantha* fibers, dissolving active substances such as flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, and polysaccharides; and converting bound flavonoids into free flavonoids, improving antibacterial and antioxidant activity; and some polyphenols are polymerized into macromolecules, strengthening their metal chelating ability. After being added to soap, they can chelate copper and iron ions that cause oil rancidity for a longer period of time, extending the shelf life of the soap by at least 3 months compared to unfermented tea powder soap; at the same time, polysaccharides are partially degraded and further fermented to produce lactic acid, which neutralizes with alkali to form sodium lactate. The increase in sodium lactate content can increase the transparency of the soap and the moisturization of the skin after washing. After fermentation with *Lactobacillus plantarum*, acetic acid bacteria are used for further fermentation. The acetic acid bacteria then oxidize some of the alcohol and lactic acid into organic acids, and oxidize glucose in the fermentation broth into gluconic acid. The organic acid salts in the fermentation broth can chelate metal ions, thus extending the soap's shelf life. Furthermore, gluconic acid has a slight ability to chelate calcium and magnesium ions; in hard water areas, less soap scum forms, and rinsing is more thorough. Therefore, using *Lactobacillus plantarum* and acetic acid bacteria to ferment *Camellia chrysantha* significantly improves its antibacterial and antioxidant activity, increases the soap's transparency and the skin's moisture after washing, and extends its shelf life.

[0013] 2. This invention uses Bacillus subtilis to ferment and prepare Camellia chrysantha fermented dry powder. During the fermentation process, the cellulose in Camellia chrysantha is partially decomposed, and the residue becomes loose and porous with a softened texture. It is no longer as sharp as raw powder, and it is more delicate when used without any abrasive particles. Long-term use will not damage the skin barrier. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used below have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0015] Example 1 A type of golden camellia handmade soap comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 100 parts palm oil, 200g coconut oil, 600 parts olive oil, 150 parts sodium hydroxide, 100 parts golden camellia fermented liquid, 1 part golden camellia fermented dry powder, 1 part golden camellia essential oil, 5 parts milk, and 100 parts water.

[0016] The preparation method of Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid is as follows: Powder dried Camellia chrysantha flowers, add them to a 5% sugar solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, mix well to obtain a mixture, pasteurize the mixture by heating it in a water bath at 80℃ for 15 minutes, cool it to room temperature, then inoculate the mixture with 0.2% by weight of Lactobacillus plantarum, seal it, and anaerobic ferment it at 35℃ for 72 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material; inoculate the primary fermentation material with 0.1% by weight of acetic acid bacteria, open the lid, and aerobic ferment it at 28℃ for 24 hours, filter it, collect the fermentation liquid, and leave the fermentation liquid exposed for 10 hours to obtain the Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid.

[0017] The preparation method of fermented dried golden camellia powder is as follows: the dried golden camellia flowers are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 15 minutes. After cooling, 1% of the weight of the cooled material is inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30℃ for 48 hours. After fermentation, the material is dried at low temperature at 45℃, crushed, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dried golden camellia powder.

[0018] The preparation method of Camellia chrysantha essential oil is as follows: Soak 50g of dried Camellia chrysantha flowers in 100ml of olive oil for 5 days, then replace the Camellia chrysantha flowers and repeat the soaking process until the oil turns golden yellow. Filter and collect the oil to obtain the product.

[0019] The preparation method of the golden camellia handmade soap includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight proportions; mix sodium hydroxide and water to dissolve, and cool to 40°C to obtain an alkaline solution; (2) Mix coconut oil and palm oil, add them to a bucket with a stirrer, add the lye solution, and continue to stir and saponify until a creamy consistency appears. Then pour in milk and olive oil and continue to stir until a creamy consistency appears. Next, add golden camellia ferment liquid, golden camellia essential oil and golden camellia ferment dry powder, and continue to stir until smooth and without bubbles to obtain a mixture. (3) Pour the mixture into a mold and place it in an oven at 30°C or at room temperature. On the third day, remove it from the mold, cut it to the size to be used, and air dry it at room temperature for 14 days to obtain the golden camellia handmade soap.

[0020] Example 2 A type of golden camellia handmade soap comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 200 parts palm oil, 400g coconut oil, 800 parts olive oil, 300 parts sodium hydroxide, 200 parts golden camellia fermented liquid, 5 parts golden camellia fermented dry powder, 5 parts golden camellia essential oil, 10 parts milk, and 300 parts water.

[0021] The preparation method of Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid is as follows: Powder the dried Camellia chrysantha flowers, add them to a 10% sugar solution at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, mix well to obtain a mixture, pasteurize the mixture by heating it in a water bath at 80℃ for 15 minutes, cool it to room temperature, then inoculate the mixture with 0.8% by weight of Lactobacillus plantarum, seal it, and anaerobic ferment it at 37℃ for 48 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material; inoculate the primary fermentation material with 0.3% by weight of acetic acid bacteria, open the lid, and aerobic ferment it at 30℃ for 20 hours, filter it, collect the fermentation liquid, and leave the fermentation liquid exposed for 12 hours to obtain the Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid.

[0022] The preparation method of fermented dried tea powder is as follows: the dried flowers of tea are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, and sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 15 minutes. After cooling, 1.5% of the weight of the cooled material is inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 37℃ for 24 hours. After fermentation, the tea is dried at low temperature at 55℃, crushed, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dried tea powder.

[0023] The preparation method of golden camellia essential oil is as follows: 100g of dried golden camellia flowers are soaked in 100ml of olive oil for 7 days. The golden camellia flowers are replaced and the soaking is repeated until the oil turns golden yellow. The oil is then filtered and collected.

[0024] The preparation method of the golden camellia handmade soap includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight proportions; mix sodium hydroxide and water to dissolve, and cool to 50°C to obtain an alkaline solution; (2) Mix coconut oil and palm oil, add them to a bucket with a stirrer, add the lye solution, and continue to stir and saponify until a creamy consistency appears. Then pour in milk and olive oil and continue to stir until a creamy consistency appears. Next, add golden camellia ferment liquid, golden camellia essential oil and golden camellia ferment dry powder, and continue to stir until smooth and without bubbles to obtain a mixture. (3) Pour the mixture into a mold and place it in an oven at 35°C or at room temperature. On the 4th day, remove it from the mold, cut it to the size to be used, and air dry it at room temperature for 20 days to obtain the golden camellia handmade soap.

[0025] Example 3 A type of golden camellia handmade soap comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 150 parts palm oil, 300g coconut oil, 700g olive oil, 200 parts sodium hydroxide, 150 parts golden camellia fermented liquid, 3 parts golden camellia fermented dry powder, 4 parts golden camellia essential oil, 7 parts milk, and 200 parts water.

[0026] The preparation method of Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid is as follows: Powder dried Camellia chrysantha flowers, add them to 8% sugar water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:15 and mix well to obtain a mixture. Pasteurize the mixture by heating it in a water bath at 80℃ for 15 minutes, cooling it to room temperature, and then inoculate it with 0.7% of the weight of Lactobacillus plantarum. Seal the mixture and anaerobic ferment it at 37℃ for 60 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material. Inoculate the primary fermentation material with 0.2% of the weight of acetic acid bacteria, open the lid, and aerobic ferment it at 28℃ for 22 hours. Filter the mixture, collect the fermentation liquid, and leave it exposed for 12 hours to obtain the Camellia chrysantha fermentation liquid.

[0027] The preparation method of fermented dried golden camellia powder is as follows: the dried golden camellia flowers are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 65%, and sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 15 minutes. After cooling, 1.2% of the weight of the cooled material is inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 35℃ for 30 hours. After fermentation, the material is dried at low temperature at 50℃, crushed, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dried golden camellia powder.

[0028] The preparation method of golden camellia essential oil is as follows: 80g of dried golden camellia flowers are soaked in 100ml of olive oil for 6 days. The golden camellia flowers are replaced and the soaking is repeated until the oil turns golden yellow. The oil is then filtered and collected.

[0029] The preparation method of the golden camellia handmade soap includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight proportions; mix sodium hydroxide and water to dissolve, and cool to 45°C to obtain an alkaline solution; (2) Mix coconut oil and palm oil, add them to a bucket with a stirrer, add the lye solution, and continue to stir and saponify until a creamy consistency appears. Then pour in milk and olive oil and continue to stir until a creamy consistency appears. Next, add golden camellia ferment liquid, golden camellia essential oil and golden camellia ferment dry powder, and continue to stir until smooth and without bubbles to obtain a mixture. (3) Pour the mixture into a mold and place it in an oven at 32°C or at room temperature. On the 4th day, remove it from the mold, cut it to the size to be used, and air dry it at room temperature for 16 days to obtain the golden camellia handmade soap.

[0030] Comparative Example 1: Traditional preparation method: A handmade soap made from Camellia chrysantha, comprising the following ingredients in parts by weight: 150 parts palm oil, 300g coconut oil, 700g olive oil, 200 parts sodium hydroxide, 150 parts Camellia chrysantha hydrosol, 3 parts Camellia chrysantha powder, 4 parts Camellia chrysantha essential oil, 7 parts milk, and 200 parts water. The preparation method is the same as in Example 3.

[0031] Comparative Example 2: The fermented liquid of Camellia chrysantha was fermented with only Lactobacillus plantarum, without the use of acetic acid bacteria; other raw materials and preparation methods were the same as in Example 3.

[0032] Comparative Example 3: The fermented liquid of Camellia chrysantha was fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and acetic acid bacteria, but the fermentation time of acetic acid bacteria was 30 hours. Other raw materials and preparation methods were the same as in Example 3.

[0033] Comparative Example 4: A handmade soap made from Camellia chrysantha, comprising the following ingredients in parts by weight: 150 parts palm oil, 300g coconut oil, 700g olive oil, 200 parts sodium hydroxide, 150 parts Camellia chrysantha hydrosol, 3 parts fermented Camellia chrysantha powder, 4 parts Camellia chrysantha essential oil, 7 parts milk, and 200 parts water. The preparation method is the same as in Example 3.

[0034] Effect description: The shelf life, antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects, and moisturizing effects of the handmade soaps prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Shelf life testing method: Wrap the freshly made soap bar in plastic wrap and place it at room temperature (25°C). Observe the surface of the soap bar every day and record the time from when it is freshly made until oil spots or sour smell appear. Evaluation of antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects: The bactericidal rate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was tested according to the method in QB / T 2738-2023 standard; Moisturizing effect test: Wash the back of your hand with soap in water at the same temperature of 25℃, that is, rub for 1 minute and then rinse clean. Do not apply any skin care products. Record the time when the tight feeling occurs. The longer the tight feeling lasts, the better the moisturizing effect.

[0036] Table 1 Comparison of shelf life, antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects among different groups The results showed that the handmade soap prepared by the method of the present invention (Examples 1-3) has a strong antibacterial effect, with a sterilization rate of up to 99% or more against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; it has high skin hydration, and a tight feeling only appears 15 minutes after rinsing; the shelf life can be extended from about 5 months to 10-11 months. Data from Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 show that, compared with traditional methods, the stepwise fermentation of Camellia chrysantha using Lactobacillus plantarum and acetic acid bacteria, combined with Camellia chrysantha powder prepared by Bacillus subtilis fermentation, significantly improves the shelf life, antibacterial effect, and moisturizing performance of handmade soaps. Example 3 and Comparative Example 2 demonstrate that adding an acetic acid bacteria fermentation step further extends the shelf life of handmade soaps and improves product stability. Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 also show that excessively long acetic acid bacteria fermentation times negatively impact moisturizing effects; the acetic acid bacteria fermentation parameters defined in this invention achieve an optimal balance between shelf life, antibacterial properties, and moisturizing properties. Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 demonstrate that, compared with hydrosol, using Camellia chrysantha fermented liquid better improves the skin feel of handmade soaps, while also enhancing moisturizing effects, extending shelf life, and strengthening antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the applicant also used the soap from Example 3 in hard water for washing and found that less soap scum formed, making it easier to rinse clean.

[0037] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A Camellia sinensis handmade soap, characterized by, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: 100-200 parts palm oil, 200-400g parts coconut oil, 600-800 parts olive oil, 150-300 parts sodium hydroxide, 100-200 parts fermented Camellia chrysantha liquid, 1-5 parts fermented Camellia chrysantha powder, 1-5 parts Camellia chrysantha essential oil, 5-10 parts milk, and 100-300 parts water.

2. The hand-made soap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the golden camellia fermentation liquid is as follows: the dried golden camellia flowers are crushed and added to sugar water at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:(10-20) and mixed to obtain a mixture. The mixture is pasteurized, cooled to room temperature, and then inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum. It is sealed and anaerobic fermented at 35-37℃ for 48-72 hours to obtain a primary fermentation material. Acetic acid bacteria are inoculated into the primary fermentation material, the lid is opened, and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 28-30℃ for 20-24 hours. The mixture is filtered, the fermentation liquid is collected, and the fermentation liquid is left open for 10-12 hours to obtain the golden camellia fermentation liquid.

3. The hand-made Camellia sinensis soap according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sugar solution has a mass concentration of 5-10%; the inoculation amount of *Lactobacillus plantarum* is 0.2-0.8% of the weight of the mixture; and the inoculation amount of acetic acid bacteria is 0.1-0.3% of the weight of the primary fermentation material.

4. The hand-made soap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermented dry powder of Camellia chrysantha is as follows: the dried flowers of Camellia chrysantha are crushed, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%, sterilized by high pressure, cooled, inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, and fermented aerobicly at 30-37℃ for 24-48 hours. After fermentation, the flowers are dried at 45-55℃, crushed, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented dry powder of Camellia chrysantha.

5. The hand-made soap according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis is 1-1.5% of the weight of the cooled material.

6. The hand-made soap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the golden camellia essential oil is as follows: 50-100g of dried golden camellia flowers are soaked in 100ml of olive oil for 5-7 days. The golden camellia flowers are replaced and the soaking is repeated until the oil turns golden yellow. The oil is then filtered and collected.

7. A method for preparing Camellia chrysantha handmade soap as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each raw material according to the weight proportions; mix sodium hydroxide and water to dissolve, cool, and obtain an alkaline solution; (2) Mix coconut oil and palm oil, add them to a bucket with a stirrer, add the lye solution, and continue to stir and saponify until a creamy consistency appears. Then pour in milk and olive oil and continue to stir until a creamy consistency appears. Next, add golden camellia ferment liquid, golden camellia essential oil and golden camellia ferment dry powder, and continue to stir until smooth and without bubbles to obtain a mixture. (3) Pour the mixture into a mold and place it in an oven at 30-35°C or at room temperature. On the 3rd or 4th day, remove it from the mold, cut it to the size to be used, and air dry it at room temperature to obtain the Camellia japonica handmade soap.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (1), the cooling temperature is 40-50℃.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (3), the time for air drying at room temperature is 14-20 days.

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