A pure electric excitation laser cladding device and a method of using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a pure electric excitation laser cladding device and a use method thereof, and comprises a control box, an axial feeding mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a magnetic suspension driving mechanism, a cladding execution mechanism and a multi-channel pipeline. The axial feeding mechanism, the rotating mechanism and the magnetic suspension driving mechanism are coaxially arranged. The magnetic suspension driving mechanism comprises a winding bearing base, an integrated driving winding and a rotor excitation core. The integrated driving winding comprises a circumferential rotating winding and a radial suspension winding. The circumferential rotating winding drives the circumferential rotation of the cladding execution mechanism. The radial suspension winding forms a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation core and the hole wall of the to-be-cladded hole, so that the magnetic suspension driving mechanism is kept at a preset radial position. The multi-channel pipeline is used for conveying laser, powder and protective gas to the cladding execution mechanism. The application can realize the stable circumferential rotation and axial feeding of the cladding execution mechanism in a limited hole space, reduces the occupation of the hole space by the mechanical transmission structure, and improves the cladding quality of the laser cladding in the hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and in particular to a purely electrically excited laser cladding device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology is an advanced additive manufacturing technology that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source to achieve metallurgical bonding between metal powder and a substrate. It boasts advantages such as a small heat-affected zone, high bonding strength, and dense microstructure, making it a core process for repairing the inner walls and strengthening the surface of deep-hole parts. For workpieces with deep internal holes, blind holes, or small-diameter structures, laser cladding repair typically requires inserting a laser cladding actuator into the hole to be repaired. The actuator moves circumferentially along the hole wall and gradually along the axial direction of the hole to achieve continuous cladding of the inner wall.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream technologies for laser cladding of deep hole inner walls can be divided into two main categories: contact and non-contact, but both have inherent defects that are difficult to overcome.

[0004] Firstly, although the contact-type support cladding device has a simple structure, with the nozzle rotating via a motor and the roller contacting the hole wall to achieve centering, its physical contact mechanism determines two fundamental problems: on the one hand, the direct friction between the roller and the hole wall can easily scratch the inner wall surface that has been clad; on the other hand, long-term wear of the roller will lead to an irreversible decrease in centering accuracy, making it impossible to guarantee a constant distance between the nozzle and the hole wall, ultimately resulting in uneven cladding layer thickness, or even fatal defects such as pores and cracks.

[0005] Secondly, although non-contact cladding devices eliminate contact friction in principle, they suffer from complex structures and low integration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. This application provides a purely electrically excited laser cladding device and its usage method, which can achieve purely electrically excited magnetic levitation and rotary drive, dual power supply to prevent crosstalk, and torsion-free medium transmission.

[0007] The purely electrically excited laser cladding apparatus according to the first aspect of this application includes: The control box is equipped with a control module, a power module, and a supply module; An axial feed mechanism, wherein the fixed end of the axial feed mechanism is connected to the control box; A rotating mechanism, wherein the fixed end of the rotating mechanism is connected to the output end of the axial feed mechanism, and the fixed end of the rotating mechanism is rotatably connected to the rotating end of the rotating mechanism; A magnetic levitation drive mechanism includes a winding support base, an integrated drive winding, and a rotor excitation core. One end of the winding support base is connected to the rotating end of the rotating mechanism. The winding support base is uniformly provided with at least six receiving slots along the circumferential direction, and the receiving slots are arranged along the axial direction of the winding support base. The integrated drive winding includes a circumferential rotating winding and a radial suspension winding respectively wound in the receiving slots. The rotor excitation core is disposed in the receiving slots. The circumferential rotating winding and the radial suspension winding are respectively connected to the power module. The circumferential rotating winding drives the rotor excitation core to rotate around the axis of the winding support base. The radial suspension winding is used to form a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation core and the wall of the hole to be clad, so that the magnetic levitation drive mechanism maintains a preset radial position in the hole to be clad. A cladding actuator is disposed at the other end of the winding support base; A multi-channel pipeline, comprising a laser pipeline, a powder transport pipeline, and a protective gas transport pipeline, wherein one end of the multi-channel pipeline is connected to the supply module and the other end is connected to the cladding actuator; The axial feed mechanism, the rotation mechanism, and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism are arranged coaxially.

[0008] The purely electrically excited laser cladding apparatus according to the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The pure electric excitation laser cladding device of this application sets the axial feeding mechanism, the rotation mechanism and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism coaxially. The magnetic levitation drive mechanism generates radial electromagnetic force inside the hole to be clad, enabling the magnetic levitation drive mechanism to maintain a preset radial position inside the hole. This eliminates the need to rely on permanent magnets to provide a magnetic field, as is done in the prior art, thus completely eliminating the risk of irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnets under the high-temperature conditions of laser cladding. This significantly improves the adaptability of the laser melting device in harsh industrial environments with high temperature and dust. At the same time, the circumferential rotating winding drives the cladding actuator to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad, and in conjunction with the axial feeding mechanism, drives the cladding actuator to move along the axial direction of the hole to be clad. This enables the composite motion of circumferential rotation and axial feeding of the cladding actuator within the limited space of the hole, reducing the space occupied by the traditional mechanical transmission structure and improving the stability of the cladding actuator during its movement within the hole.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, each of the receiving slots is sequentially configured as an odd number of slots and an even number of slots along the circumference of the winding support base. The odd number of slots and the even number of slots are alternately arranged along the circumference. The windings in adjacent receiving slots have opposite winding directions. The windings in each of the odd number of slots constitute the circumferential rotating winding, and the windings in each of the even number of slots constitute the radially suspended winding.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, each of the receiving slots is divided into at least two slot segments along the axial direction, and the rotor excitation magnet core is arranged in segments along the axial direction, and is respectively arranged corresponding to the slot segments.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the power module includes a commutator copper plate assembly, an AC power supply, a DC power supply, an AC carbon brush group, and a DC carbon brush group. The commutator copper plate assembly includes a first copper plate group and a second copper plate group. The AC power supply is electrically connected to the AC carbon brush group, and the AC carbon brush group is slidably connected to the first copper plate group. The first copper plate group is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding. The DC power supply is electrically connected to the DC carbon brush group, and the DC carbon brush group is slidably connected to the second copper plate group. The second copper plate group is electrically connected to the radial suspension winding.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the first copper sheet assembly includes at least one first copper sheet unit, the first copper sheet unit has an insulating region on its radially inner side and a conductive region on its radially outer side, and the AC carbon brush assembly is disposed on the radially outer side of the commutator copper sheet assembly and slides in contact with the conductive region of the first copper sheet unit. The second copper sheet assembly includes at least one second copper sheet unit. The second copper sheet unit has an insulating region on its radially outer side and a conductive region on its radially inner side. The DC carbon brush assembly is disposed on the radially inner side of the commutator copper sheet assembly and makes sliding contact with the conductive region of the second copper sheet unit.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the power module includes a first rotating loosely coupled transformer and a second rotating loosely coupled transformer, wherein the first rotating loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding, and the second rotating loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the radially suspended winding.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the multi-channel pipeline is at least partially disposed within the rotating mechanism and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism, and the laser pipeline, the powder transport pipeline, and the protective gas transport pipeline are coaxially nested.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, a sensing mechanism is also included, the sensing mechanism including a radial air gap sensor, the radial air gap sensor being used to acquire radial air gap data between the cladding actuator and the hole wall, and the control module adjusting the output current of the DC power supply in the power module according to the radial air gap data to change the radial electromagnetic force generated by the radial suspension winding.

[0016] According to some embodiments of this application, the sensing mechanism further includes a cladding quality monitoring sensor, which is used to acquire quality-related detection data of the cladding layer, and the control module adjusts at least one of the laser power, powder delivery amount, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed and axial feed speed according to the quality-related detection data.

[0017] The method of using the electrically excited laser cladding apparatus according to the second aspect of this application, applied to the electrically excited laser cladding apparatus described in any of the above embodiments, includes the following steps: Fix the control box to the outside of the hole to be clad, and connect the laser, powder, and protective gas to the corresponding supply interfaces of the control box; extend the cladding actuator and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism into the hole to be clad. A direct current is passed through the radial suspension winding to create a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation magnet core and the wall of the hole to be fused and coated. The radial air gap data between the rotor excitation magnet core and the hole wall to be clad is obtained by the radial air gap sensor, and the DC current of the power module is adjusted according to the radial air gap data to adjust the radial electromagnetic force generated by the radial suspension winding, so that the cladding actuator is kept at the preset radial position of the hole to be clad. An alternating current is passed through the circumferential rotating winding, causing the magnetic levitation drive mechanism to drive the cladding actuator to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad; Laser, powder and protective gas are simultaneously delivered to the cladding actuator through a multi-channel pipeline, so that the laser and powder form a molten pool on the inner wall of the hole to be clad, and the inner wall of the hole to be clad is circumferentially clad during the rotation of the cladding actuator. The drive axial feed mechanism causes the rotary mechanism, magnetic levitation drive mechanism and cladding execution mechanism to move along the axial direction of the hole to be clad, and adjusts the axial feed speed according to the preset cladding trajectory to achieve continuous cladding of the inner wall of the hole to be clad. During the cladding process, radial air gap data and cladding quality-related detection data are continuously acquired. The current of the radial suspension winding is adjusted in real time based on the radial air gap data, and at least one of the following is adjusted based on the quality-related detection data: laser power, powder delivery rate, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed, and axial feed speed. When a local defect area is detected on the inner wall of the hole to be clad, the axial feed mechanism is controlled to move the cladding actuator to the local defect area, so that the cladding actuator can perform circumferential rotation cladding in the local defect area to complete the fixed-point repair welding. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a purely electrically excited laser cladding device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control box, axial feed mechanism, rotation mechanism, winding bearing mechanism and cladding actuator according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic levitation drive mechanism and part of a power module according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic levitation drive mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cladding actuator according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control box, axial feed mechanism, rotation mechanism and commutator copper plate assembly according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel pipeline according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure label: Control box 1; power module 11; control module 12; supply module 13; laser fiber input interface 131; powder feeding interface 132; protective gas input interface 133; Axial feed mechanism 2; Rotating mechanism 3; Magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4; winding support base 41; accommodating slot 411; odd-numbered slot 412; even-numbered slot 413; slot segment 414; integrated drive winding 42; circumferential rotating winding 421; radial suspension winding 422; rotor excitation core 43; 5; cladding actuator; 51; 6. Multi-channel pipeline; 61. Laser pipeline; 62. Powder transfer pipeline; 63. Protective gas transfer pipeline; Commutator copper sheet assembly 7; AC carbon brush group 71; DC carbon brush group 72; first copper sheet group 73; first copper sheet unit 731; second copper sheet group 74; second copper sheet unit 741; Sensing mechanism 8; radial air gap sensor 81; cladding quality monitoring sensor 82. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the use of terms such as "center," "middle," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" to indicate orientation or positional relationships is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0022] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] While existing non-contact cladding devices eliminate contact friction in principle, they suffer from complex structures and low integration. Mainstream non-contact solutions generally rely on permanent magnet excitation for levitation and actuation, but this approach faces severe challenges under the high-temperature conditions of laser cladding. Firstly, permanent magnets are extremely sensitive to temperature; the high-temperature radiation and heat conduction generated during cladding can easily lead to irreversible demagnetization, causing the levitation force to drop sharply as magnetic properties decay, potentially even resulting in rotor fall accidents.

[0024] The following reference Figures 1 to 7 This application describes the purely electrically excited laser cladding device and its usage method in the embodiments of this application.

[0025] according to Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the pure electric excitation laser cladding device of this application includes a control box 1, an axial feed mechanism 2, a rotation mechanism 3, a magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, a cladding execution mechanism 5, and a multi-channel pipe 6. The control box 1, the axial feed mechanism 2, the rotation mechanism 3, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, and the cladding execution mechanism 5 are connected coaxially in sequence.

[0026] The control box 1 serves as the fixed end of the device and contains at least a control module 12, a power module 11, and a supply module 13. The control box 1 is positioned outside the opening of the hole to be clad and is fixed relative to the hole during operation. The control module 12 controls the operation of the device, including coordinating the output status of the power module 11, the movement status of the axial feed mechanism 2, and the laser cladding process. The power module 11 provides electrical energy to the axial feed mechanism 2, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, and the cladding actuator 5. The supply module 13 provides the cladding actuator 5 with the necessary cladding media, such as laser light, metal powder, and protective gas.

[0027] The fixed end of the axial feed mechanism 2 is connected to the control box 1, and its output end is connected to the fixed end of the rotary mechanism 3. Under the control of the control module 12, the axial feed mechanism 2 can generate a driving force along the axial direction of the hole to be clad, thereby driving the rotary mechanism 3, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 and the cladding execution mechanism 5 to move as a whole along the axial direction of the hole to be clad.

[0028] The rotating mechanism 3 includes a fixed end and a rotating end connected to each other. The fixed end is connected to the output end of the axial feed mechanism 2, and the rotating end is rotatably connected to the fixed end. Thus, the fixed end of the rotating mechanism 3 can move axially along the hole to be clad with the axial feed mechanism 2, while the rotating end can rotate relative to the fixed end about the axis of the hole to be clad.

[0029] See also Figures 2 to 4 The magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 includes a winding support base 41, an integrated drive winding 42, and a rotor excitation core 43. One end of the winding support base 41 is connected to the rotating end of the rotating mechanism 3. When the control box 1 and the axial feed mechanism 2 remain stationary, the winding support base 41 can rotate around its axis and relative to the control box 1 and the axial feed mechanism 2.

[0030] The winding support base 41 is uniformly provided with at least six receiving slots 411 along its circumference. Each receiving slot 411 extends along the axial direction of the winding support base 41 and is used to accommodate the integrated drive winding 42 and the rotor excitation core 43. The integrated drive winding 42 includes a circumferential rotating winding 421 and a radially suspended winding 422. The circumferential rotating winding 421 and the radially suspended winding 422 are respectively wound in the corresponding receiving slots 411 and are respectively connected to the power module 11. The rotor excitation core 43 is disposed in the receiving slots 411 and forms an electromagnetic interaction with the integrated drive winding 42.

[0031] When the power module 11 provides driving current to the circumferential rotating winding 421, the circumferential rotating winding 421 generates a changing magnetic field. This magnetic field forms an electromagnetic interaction with the rotor excitation core 43 and the wall of the hole to be clad, causing the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to generate a rotational driving force around the axis of the hole to be clad, thereby driving the cladding actuator 5 connected to the winding support base 41 to rotate synchronously.

[0032] The radial suspension winding 422 is used to generate a radial electromagnetic force acting between the rotor excitation core 43 and the wall of the hole to be clad. By controlling the energizing state and current magnitude of the radial suspension winding 422, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 is subjected to an electromagnetic force toward the wall of the hole to be clad, and through the electromagnetic force cooperation with the radial suspension windings 422 at multiple circumferential positions, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 maintains a preset radial position inside the hole to be clad.

[0033] The cladding actuator 5 is fixedly installed at the other end of the winding support base 41. It is used to output laser, metal powder and protective gas, and to make the laser and metal powder form a cladding pool at a predetermined position on the inner wall of the hole to be clad.

[0034] The multi-channel pipeline 6 includes a laser pipeline 61, a metal powder transmission pipeline 62, and a protective gas transmission pipeline 63, which are used to transmit the cladding medium from the control box 1 to the cladding actuator 5. One end of the multi-channel pipeline 6 is connected to the supply module 13 inside the control box 1, and the other end is connected to the cladding actuator 5, so that the laser, metal powder, and protective gas can be delivered to the cladding actuator 5 along their respective channels.

[0035] The pure electric excitation laser cladding device of this application firstly integrates a circumferential rotating winding 421 and a radial levitation winding 422 into the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, enabling the same magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to simultaneously perform circumferential rotation drive and radial position holding functions, resulting in a compact structure. Since the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 does not require direct support against the hole wall via mechanical supports, it reduces scratching, collision, and wear caused by mechanical contact on the processed hole wall and the formed cladding layer, improving the stability of the cladding process. Secondly, through the cooperation of the axial feed mechanism 2 and the rotating mechanism 3, the cladding execution mechanism 5 simultaneously possesses circumferential rotational freedom and axial feed freedom. The superposition of these two movements forms a continuous cladding trajectory, thereby achieving large-scale continuous repair of the inner wall of deep holes.

[0036] In some embodiments, see Figure 1The control box 1 is provided with a laser fiber input interface 131, a metal powder feeding interface 132 and a protective gas input interface 133 on the side, which are connected to the internal supply module 13. The laser fiber input interface 131 is used to connect to an external industrial laser, the metal powder feeding interface 132 is used to connect to an external precision powder feeder, and the protective gas input interface 133 is used to connect to an external high-pressure inert gas cylinder.

[0037] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The control module 12 includes a human-machine interface, which includes a parameter display screen, digital keys and speed / voltage control keys. It is used to set cladding operation parameters, independently adjust the output of the two drive power supplies, and display the device operating status, sensor data and fault alarm information in real time.

[0038] In some embodiments, the axial feed mechanism 2 includes a fixed end base, a built-in transmission screw, and a return spring assembly. One end of the fixed end base is fixed to the end face of the control housing 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the return spring assembly and the fixed end of the rotating mechanism 3 via the built-in transmission screw. The control module 12 controls the forward and reverse rotation of the transmission screw, which, in conjunction with the return spring assembly, drives the rotating mechanism 3 to smoothly advance / retreat along the axial direction of the hole to be clad.

[0039] In some embodiments, the axial feed mechanism 2 is a hydraulic / pneumatic telescopic mechanism.

[0040] In some embodiments, the number of receiving slots 411 can be set to 8, 10, 12, 14, etc.

[0041] In some embodiments, the receiving groove 411 is a toothed groove.

[0042] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The cladding actuator 5 includes a cladding body and a nozzle 51 set on the cladding body. The nozzle 51 is connected to the end of the laser pipe 61, the metal powder transmission pipe 62, and the protective gas transmission pipe 63 respectively, so as to realize the coaxial output of laser, metal powder and protective gas, and accurately converge the laser and powder to the molten pool position on the inner wall of the pipe to be clad. With the rotation of the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, the 360° full circumferential cladding operation of the hole wall is completed.

[0043] according to Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, each receiving slot 411 is sequentially numbered along the circumference of the winding support base 41, and each receiving slot 411 is sequentially divided into odd-numbered slots 412 and even-numbered slots 413 according to preference, wherein the odd-numbered slots 412 and even-numbered slots 413 are alternately arranged along the circumference of the winding support base 41. For example, see Figure 4When the winding support base 41 is provided with 8 receiving slots, the 8 receiving slots can be numbered sequentially as receiving slot 1, receiving slot 2, receiving slot 3, receiving slot 4, receiving slot 5, receiving slot 6, receiving slot 7 and receiving slot 8, wherein receiving slot 1, receiving slot 3, receiving slot 5 and receiving slot 7 are odd-numbered slots 412, and receiving slot 2, receiving slot 4, receiving slot 6 and receiving slot 8 are even-numbered slots 413.

[0044] The windings in adjacent receiving slots 411 are arranged with opposite winding directions, thus making the windings in adjacent receiving slots 411 different windings. The windings in each odd-numbered slot 412 constitute a circumferential rotating winding 421, and the windings in each even-numbered slot 413 constitute a radially suspended winding 422. That is, in the circumferential direction of the winding support base 41, the circumferential rotating winding 421 and the radially suspended winding 422 are not concentrated in the same circumferential region, but are alternately distributed in the manner of circumferential rotating winding 421—radially suspended winding 422—circumferential rotating winding 421—radially suspended winding 422… Through the above alternating arrangement, on the one hand, the integrated drive winding 42 is made into a completely electrically isolated circumferential rotating winding 421 and radially suspended winding 422, and on the other hand, the circumferential rotating winding 421 and radially suspended winding 422 can form a relatively uniform magnetic field area in the circumferential direction of the winding support base 41.

[0045] Because multiple circumferential rotating windings 421 are evenly distributed circumferentially, the circumferential driving force generated by each circumferential rotating winding 421 can form a continuous driving effect in the circumferential direction, enabling the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to maintain stable circumferential rotation. At the same time, because the radial suspension windings 422 are evenly distributed circumferentially, multiple radial suspension windings 422 can generate radial electromagnetic effects on the rotor excitation core 43 from different circumferential positions. By adjusting the working state of each radial suspension winding 422, the radial electromagnetic force at different circumferential positions can be changed, so that the electromagnetic forces generated by multiple radial suspension windings 422 act together on the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, thereby keeping the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 at a preset radial position inside the hole to be clad.

[0046] according to Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, each receiving groove 411 is divided into at least two groove segments 414 along the axial direction of the winding bearing base 41. (Continuing to see...) Figure 1 and Figure 3 The rotor excitation magnet core 43 is arranged in segments along the axial direction and is respectively arranged in corresponding slot segments 414.

[0047] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 Each receiving slot 411 is divided into three slot segments 414.

[0048] In some embodiments, the rotor excitation magnet core 43 is made of non-oriented silicon steel sheets stacked together and is evenly arranged in three sections along the axial direction; the axial length is 1000mm and the feed speed adjustment range is 0.5~20mm / min.

[0049] Furthermore, the dual power supply circuit formed by the radial suspension winding 422 and the circumferential rotating winding 421 may have electromagnetic compatibility issues, especially under high-current drive conditions, which can easily generate electrical crosstalk and interfere with the stability of suspension control. The combined effect of these two factors makes it difficult for the device to simultaneously achieve stable suspension and reliable rotational drive during high-temperature, high-load cladding operations. Therefore, according to... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the power module 11 includes a commutator copper plate assembly 7, an AC power supply (not shown), a DC power supply (not shown), an AC carbon brush group 71, and a DC carbon brush group 72. The commutator copper plate assembly 7 is disposed at one end of the winding support base 41 near the rotating mechanism 3 and can rotate synchronously with the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4. See details. Figure 3 The commutator copper plate assembly 7 includes a first copper plate group 73 and a second copper plate group 74. The first copper plate group 73 is used to supply power to the circumferential rotating winding 421, and the second copper plate group 74 is used to supply power to the radial floating winding 422.

[0050] The AC power supply is located inside the control box 1 and is electrically connected to the AC carbon brush assembly 71 via wires. The AC carbon brush assembly 71 is located on one side of the commutator copper sheet assembly 7 and is slidably connected to the first copper sheet assembly 73. The first copper sheet assembly 73 is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding 421, so that the AC current output by the AC power supply can be transmitted sequentially through the AC carbon brush assembly 71 and the first copper sheet assembly 73 to the circumferential rotating winding 421.

[0051] The DC power supply is located inside the control box 1 and is electrically connected to the DC carbon brush assembly 72 via wires. The DC carbon brush assembly 72 is located on the other side of the commutator copper sheet assembly 7 and is slidably connected to the second copper sheet assembly 74. The second copper sheet assembly 74 is electrically connected to the radial suspension winding 422, so that the DC current output by the DC power supply can be transmitted sequentially through the DC carbon brush assembly 72 and the second copper sheet assembly 74 to the radial suspension winding 422.

[0052] During operation, the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 rotates circumferentially. Because the AC carbon brush group 71 maintains sliding contact with the first copper sheet group 73, AC power can continuously supply power to the circumferential rotating winding 421 through the AC carbon brush group 71 and the first copper sheet group 73. This causes the circumferential rotating winding 421 to generate a corresponding electromagnetic effect, driving the rotor excitation core 43 to rotate circumferentially, thereby causing the cladding actuator 5 to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad. Simultaneously, because the DC carbon brush group 72 maintains sliding contact with the second copper sheet group 74, DC power outputs DC current to the DC carbon brush group 72. This DC current is transmitted to the radial levitation winding 422 through the sliding contact between the DC carbon brush group 72 and the second copper sheet group 74, causing the radial levitation winding 422 to generate a radial electromagnetic effect. This forms a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation core 43 and the wall of the hole to be clad, thus maintaining the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 at a preset radial position within the hole to be clad.

[0053] The pure electric excitation laser cladding device of this application supplies AC power and DC power to the circumferential rotating winding 421 and the radial suspension winding 422 through independent current transmission paths, so that the AC power supply circuit required for rotation drive and the DC power supply circuit required for radial suspension are independent of each other, thereby enabling circumferential rotation drive and radial suspension control to be realized simultaneously during the rotation of the magnetic suspension drive mechanism 4.

[0054] More specifically, according to Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the first copper sheet assembly 73 includes at least one first copper sheet unit 731. The first copper sheet unit 731 has a radially inner side and a radially outer side disposed opposite to each other. An insulating region is provided on the radially inner side of the first copper sheet unit 731, and a conductive region is provided on the radially outer side. An AC carbon brush assembly 71 is disposed on the radially outer side of the commutator copper sheet assembly 7 and slides in contact with the conductive region of the first copper sheet unit 731. Since the first copper sheet unit 731 is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding 421, the current output by the AC power supply can be transmitted to the first copper sheet unit 731 via the AC carbon brush assembly 71, and then transmitted from the first copper sheet unit 731 to the circumferential rotating winding 421.

[0055] The second copper sheet assembly 74 includes at least one second copper sheet unit 741. The second copper sheet unit 741 has an inner radially disposed side and an outer radially disposed side. An insulating region is provided on the outer radially disposed side of the second copper sheet unit 741, and a conductive region is provided on the inner radially disposed side. A DC carbon brush assembly 72 is disposed on the inner radially disposed side of the commutator copper sheet assembly 7 and makes sliding contact with the conductive region of the second copper sheet unit 741. Since the second copper sheet unit 741 is electrically connected to the radial suspension winding 422, the current output from the DC power supply can be transmitted through the DC carbon brush assembly 72 to the second copper sheet unit 741, and then from the second copper sheet unit 741 to the radial suspension winding 422.

[0056] The purely electrically excited laser cladding device of this application establishes an insulating region on the radially inner side of the first copper sheet unit 731, creating electrical isolation between the first copper sheet unit 731 and the second copper sheet unit 741 located radially inner to it. Similarly, an insulating region is provided on the radially outer side of the second copper sheet unit 741, creating electrical isolation between the second copper sheet unit 741 and the first copper sheet unit 731 located radially outer to it. This allows the first copper sheet group 73 and the second copper sheet group 74 to form mutually isolated power supply areas in the radial direction, thus creating independent current transmission paths. This electrical isolation reduces the possibility of electrical interference or mis-conduction between the two power supply circuits, ensuring that the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 can simultaneously obtain stable rotational driving force and radial levitation force, thereby improving the operational stability of the cladding actuator 5 during the in-hole laser cladding process.

[0057] In some embodiments, the number of first copper sheet units 731 is equal to the number of odd-numbered slots 412, and the number of second copper sheet units 741 is equal to the number of even-numbered slots 413.

[0058] In some embodiments, an insulating layer is provided between the copper sheet assembly and the winding support base 41 to provide electrical isolation between the individual copper sheet and the metal support base, thereby preventing short circuits.

[0059] In some embodiments, the copper sheet is an insulating copper sheet, and adjacent copper sheets are insulated and isolated by epoxy resin.

[0060] In some embodiments, there are two AC carbon brush groups 71 and two DC carbon brush groups 72, with the two AC carbon brush groups 71 facing each other at 180° and the two DC carbon brush groups 72 facing each other at 180°, and the AC carbon brush groups 71 and DC carbon brush groups 72 are radially offset.

[0061] In some embodiments, the thickness of the semi-zone insulating varnish of the copper sheet unit is 0.1 mm and the temperature resistance is ≥200℃; the AC power supply output voltage is 0~36V AC and the current adjustment range is 0~5A; the DC power supply output voltage is 0~48V DC and the current adjustment range is 0~5A. The two power supplies can be adjusted independently through the human-machine interface.

[0062] In another embodiment of this application, the power module 11 includes a first rotary loosely coupled transformer and a second rotary loosely coupled transformer. The first rotary loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding 421 and is used to provide electrical energy to the circumferential rotating winding 421. The second rotary loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the radial floating winding 422 and is used to provide electrical energy to the radial floating winding 422. The rotary loosely coupled transformer can be an existing device. It is understood that by setting up the first and second rotary loosely coupled transformers, the fixed-side power supply can transmit electrical energy to the rotating side in a non-contact electromagnetic coupling manner, thereby avoiding the mechanical wear caused by direct sliding power supply using carbon brushes and commutator copper sheet assembly 7.

[0063] Furthermore, in existing in-hole laser cladding processes, the laser, powder, and protective gas need to be simultaneously delivered to the cladding area located within the hole. However, when the cladding actuator 5 rotates within the hole, its internal or external piping is easily restricted by the rotational movement and the space within the hole, making the arrangement of laser transmission, powder delivery, and protective gas delivery complex and potentially affecting the range of motion of the cladding actuator 5. Therefore, according to... Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the laser conduit 61, powder transfer conduit 62, and protective gas transfer conduit 63 are coaxially nested. The multi-channel conduit 6 is at least partially disposed within the rotating mechanism 3 and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, enabling the medium channel at the rotating end of the rotating mechanism 3 to transmit the medium through the medium at the fixed end of the rotating mechanism 3 without twisting, achieving uninterrupted and leak-free transmission. The coaxial nesting of the multi-channel conduit 6 solves the problem of twisting and tangling of pipes and wires that easily occurs in conventional rotating transmission; furthermore, it reduces the space occupied by each medium delivery conduit outside the device, allowing the entire cladding execution end to form a slender structure to accommodate the installation space inside deep holes.

[0064] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 The laser conduit 61, the powder transport conduit 62, and the protective gas transport conduit 63 are arranged coaxially and nested from the inside to the outside.

[0065] In some embodiments, the channels are isolated by ceramic heat-insulating sleeves, the rotary seal adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene dynamic seal structure, the working pressure is not less than 1 MPa, and the leakage rate is not greater than It can be adapted to the compact installation requirements of small-diameter deep holes.

[0066] according to Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the purely electrically excited laser cladding device further includes a sensing mechanism 8, which includes a radial air gap sensor 81. The radial air gap sensor 81 is disposed on the cladding execution mechanism 5 and is used to acquire radial air gap data between the cladding execution mechanism 5 and the wall of the hole to be clad. The radial air gap sensor 81 is communicatively connected to the control module 12, and the control module 12 is controlled by the DC power supply in the power module 11.

[0067] Specifically, the radial air gap sensor 81 is positioned facing the wall of the hole to be clad, enabling it to detect the radial distance between the cladding actuator 5 and the hole wall. After the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 extends into the hole, the radial air gap sensor 81 continuously acquires radial air gap data between the cladding actuator 5 and the hole wall, and transmits the acquired radial air gap data to the control module 12. The control module 12 processes the received radial air gap data and determines the radial position of the cladding actuator 5 relative to the hole wall based on the data. When a deviation of the radial air gap from the preset radial air gap is detected, the control module 12 adjusts the output current of the DC power supply in the power module 11, causing a change in the current input to the radial suspension winding 422, thereby altering the radial electromagnetic interaction between the rotor excitation core 43 and the hole wall, resulting in a corresponding radial position adjustment of the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4.

[0068] according to Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the sensing mechanism 8 further includes a cladding quality monitoring sensor 82. The cladding quality monitoring sensor 82 is disposed on the cladding execution mechanism 5, facing the wall of the hole to be clad, and is used to detect the cladding layer formed during the cladding process and obtain quality-related detection data of the cladding layer. The cladding quality monitoring sensor 82 is communicatively connected to the control module 12, which is connected to the laser supply, powder conveying, protective gas conveying, DC power supply, and axial feed mechanism 2, respectively, to adjust at least one of the laser power, powder conveying amount, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed, and axial feed speed according to the quality-related detection data.

[0069] according to Figures 1 to 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, a method for using the electrically excited laser cladding device is applied to the electrically excited laser cladding device of the above embodiment. The method includes the following steps: S1 cleans the oil, rust, and other impurities from the walls of the holes to be clad.

[0070] S2. Fix the control box 1 to the outside of the hole to be clad, and connect the laser, powder, and protective gas to the corresponding supply interfaces of the control box 1, so that the laser, powder, and protective gas can enter the laser pipe 61, the powder transmission pipe 62, and the protective gas transmission pipe, respectively. Extend the cladding actuator 5 and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 into the hole to be clad, so that the cladding actuator 5 is located in the cladding area inside the hole.

[0071] S3. A direct current is passed through the radial suspension winding 422, causing the radial suspension winding 422 to generate a radial electromagnetic effect, forming a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation core 43 and the wall of the hole to be clad. The radial electromagnetic force causes the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to generate a radial suspension effect within the hole to be clad, thereby placing the cladding actuator 5 connected to the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 inside the hole to be clad.

[0072] S4. The radial air gap data between the rotor excitation core 43 and the wall of the hole to be clad is acquired by the radial air gap sensor 81, and the acquired radial air gap data is transmitted to the control module 12. The control module 12 adjusts the DC current of the power supply module 11 according to the radial air gap data to change the radial electromagnetic force generated by the radial suspension winding 422, so that the magnetic suspension drive mechanism 4 makes a corresponding radial position adjustment, thereby keeping the cladding actuator 5 at the preset radial position of the hole to be clad.

[0073] S5. An alternating current is passed through the circumferential rotating winding 421, causing the circumferential rotating winding 421 to generate a circumferential driving effect, which in turn drives the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad. Since the cladding actuator 5 is fixedly connected to the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, the rotation of the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 drives the cladding actuator 5 to rotate synchronously around the axis of the hole to be clad.

[0074] S6. Laser, powder, and protective gas are synchronously supplied to the cladding actuator 5 through the multi-channel pipeline 6. The laser and powder act on the inner wall of the hole to be clad at the cladding actuator 5, causing the laser and powder to form a molten pool on the inner wall of the hole. As the cladding actuator 5 rotates around the axis of the hole to be clad, the molten pool moves circumferentially along the inner wall of the hole, thereby forming a circumferential cladding layer on the inner wall of the hole.

[0075] S7. Drive the axial feed mechanism 2, causing the connected rotary mechanism 3, magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4, and cladding actuator 5 to move along the axial direction of the hole to be clad. While the cladding actuator 5 rotates circumferentially, adjust the axial feed speed according to the preset cladding trajectory, so that the cladding actuator 5 moves gradually along the axial direction of the hole to be clad, thereby continuously extending the circumferentially formed cladding area along the axial direction, achieving continuous cladding of the inner wall of the hole to be clad.

[0076] S8. During the cladding process, radial air gap data and cladding quality-related detection data are continuously acquired. Based on the continuously acquired radial air gap data, the DC current of the radial suspension winding 422 is adjusted in real time, so that the radial electromagnetic force of the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 is adjusted according to the radial air gap change, thereby maintaining the preset radial position of the cladding actuator 5. Simultaneously, based on the cladding quality-related detection data, at least one of the following is adjusted: laser power, powder delivery rate, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed, and axial feed speed, so that the actual cladding state matches the preset cladding state.

[0077] S9 (Optional). When a local defect area is detected on the inner wall of the hole to be clad, the axial feed mechanism 2 is controlled to move the cladding actuator 5 along the axial direction of the hole to be clad to the local defect area. After the cladding actuator 5 moves to the local defect area, it is positioned according to the location of the local defect area, and the cladding actuator 5 is rotated circumferentially in the local defect area to perform repair welding and complete the local defect repair.

[0078] Throughout the laser cladding process, the fixed ends of the control box 1, the axial feed mechanism 2, and the rotating mechanism 3 do not participate in the rotation.

[0079] The radial suspension and circumferential rotation of the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 in this application are achieved through the synergistic effect of the integrated drive winding 42, the rotor excitation magnet core 43, and the ferromagnetic pipe to be fused (with an internal hole). The magnetomotive force generated after the winding is energized forms a closed magnetic circuit through the rotor excitation magnet core 43, the air gap, and the ferromagnetic pipe to be fused. The electromagnetic force of the electromagnet on the pipe satisfies the following complete magnetic circuit calculation relationship: First, the total excitation magnetomotive force generated by energizing the winding is:

[0080] In the formula, The excitation magnetomotive force of the winding is expressed in ampere-turns (A). This refers to the number of coil turns in the corresponding winding; This is the drive current for the input winding.

[0081] Since both the rotor excitation core 43 and the ferromagnetic pipe to be clad are made of high-permeability ferromagnetic materials, their inherent magnetic reluctance is much smaller than that of the air gap between the rotor and the pipe. Therefore, almost all of the total magnetomotive force of the magnetic circuit falls onto the working air gap, resulting in a lower air gap magnetic induction intensity. The core calculation formula is:

[0082] In the formula, The vacuum permeability is a fixed value. ; The radial working air gap length between the outer surface of the rotor exciter core 43 and the inner wall of the pipe to be clad; Based on the above magnetic circuit derivation, the radial electromagnetic force generated on the pipeline after winding excitation satisfies the following final calculation formula:

[0083] In the formula, This refers to the radial electromagnetic force between the winding and the pipe to be clad after excitation. This represents the effective area of ​​the magnetic poles of the rotor excitation magnet core 43.

[0084] This allows for precise control: the air gap magnetic induction intensity is proportional to the winding ampere-turns, and the electromagnetic force is proportional to the square of the input current. By adjusting the current, the radial suspension force and circumferential rotation torque can be independently controlled, thereby achieving precise control of the rotor suspension gap and speed.

[0085] In this embodiment, the radial suspension balance condition of the radial suspension winding 422 is:

[0086] in, The radial electromagnetic attraction force generated by the four sets of radial suspension windings 422 on the rotor. The total weight of the rotor assembly. This refers to the external disturbance force during rotor rotation. By adjusting the output current of the DC levitation drive power supply, radial non-contact levitation centering of the rotor assembly can be achieved, ensuring that the rotor is always in the center of the pipe and forms a uniform air gap with the borehole wall. The air gap control accuracy can reach ±0.05mm.

[0087] To ensure levitation stability, the radial dynamic stiffness of the magnetic levitation system in this application satisfies the following calculation formula:

[0088] In the formula, The radial dynamic stiffness of the magnetic levitation system; This is the differential of the electromagnetic force with respect to the air gap length; This is the length of the radial working air gap between the rotor and the pipe.

[0089] This enables closed-loop stable control: the system's dynamic stiffness is inversely proportional to the cube of the working air gap and directly proportional to the square of the input current. By collecting data in real time and adjusting the current in a closed loop, external disturbances can be offset, ensuring that the rotor is always in the center of the pipeline, thus enhancing the stability and anti-interference capability of non-contact centering.

[0090] When it is necessary to drive the rotor to generate circumferential rotation of the radial air gap sensor 81, an alternating current is passed into the circumferential rotating winding 421, and a continuous circumferential rotating magnetic field is generated through commutation of the commutator. The tangential electromagnetic torque formed between the magnetic field and the ferromagnetic pipe to be fused satisfies the following calculation formula:

[0091] In the formula, This represents the electromagnetic torque output by the rotor, expressed in N·m. The number of phases of the rotating winding is 2 in this embodiment; The number of pole pairs of the winding is 2 in this embodiment; This refers to the number of coil turns in a single-slot rotating winding. This is the effective value of the alternating current flowing through the rotating winding; The air gap magnetic induction intensity; The effective working area of ​​a single-pole iron core; The outer radius of the rotor excitation magnet core 43 is given.

[0092] This enables precise speed adjustment: the electromagnetic torque output by the rotor is proportional to the input AC current, and the rotor speed can be controlled by adjusting the current, achieving stepless speed regulation within the range of 0~300rpm, with a speed control accuracy of ±1rpm, adapting to different cladding process requirements.

[0093] In this embodiment, the driving force and positioning accuracy of the built-in electric axial feed module are achieved through the coordinated action of the transmission screw, the return spring assembly, and the feed drive unit. The axial driving force and positioning accuracy during the feed process satisfy the following calculation formula: The core of axial feed is to overcome the running resistance inside the pipe and the preload of the return spring to achieve smooth and jam-free feed. Its effective driving force satisfies:

[0094] In the formula, This is the effective driving force for axial feed, expressed in N. The output torque of the lead screw from the feed drive unit is expressed in N·m. The mechanical efficiency of the lead screw drive mechanism is taken as 0.9 in this embodiment; This refers to the lead of the transmission screw, in meters (m). This refers to the axial preload of the return spring, expressed in N. The equivalent operating resistance during the feeding process is expressed in N.

[0095] This enables precise control of the feed driving force: by adjusting the output torque of the feed drive unit, the magnitude of the effective axial driving force can be controlled, ensuring stable feeding of the device in ultra-long, variable-diameter deep holes, and completely solving the problems of easy jamming and feed instability of the external traction mechanism; in this embodiment, the stepless speed regulation in the range of 0.5~20mm / min can be achieved through the drive parameters matched by this formula, adapting to the feeding requirements of different cladding processes.

[0096] The built-in axial feed mechanism 2 of this application can achieve precise closed-loop positioning, and its axial positioning error satisfies:

[0097] In the formula, This represents the total positioning error for axial feed, in mm. The angle control error of the feed drive unit is expressed in rad. This refers to the lead of the transmission screw, in mm. The elastic deformation error of the return spring is expressed in mm. The backlash error of the transmission mechanism is expressed in mm.

[0098] This enables high-precision positioning control: by controlling the angle of the drive unit through the main control board and eliminating the backlash with the reset spring, the total positioning error can be controlled within ±0.1mm, achieving precise control in all modes of uniform feed, fixed-point dwell, and reverse retraction, perfectly adapting to the needs of continuous cladding and fixed-point repair welding operations for ultra-long deep holes.

[0099] The pure electric excitation laser cladding device and its usage method of this application firstly arrange the axial feeding mechanism 2, the rotating mechanism 3 and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 coaxially, and use the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 to generate radial electromagnetic force inside the hole to be clad, so that the magnetic levitation drive mechanism 4 can maintain a preset radial position inside the hole. It does not rely on the magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet in the prior art, and completely eliminates the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet under the high temperature conditions of laser cladding, which significantly improves the adaptability of the laser melting device in high temperature and dusty industrial environments. At the same time, the circumferential rotating winding 421 drives the cladding execution mechanism 5 to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad, and cooperates with the axial feeding mechanism 2 to drive the cladding execution mechanism 5 to move along the axis of the hole to be clad. Thus, the circumferential rotation and axial feeding of the cladding execution mechanism 5 can be realized in the limited space inside the hole, reducing the occupation of the space inside the hole by the traditional mechanical transmission structure and improving the stability of the cladding execution mechanism 5 during the movement inside the hole. Secondly, by coaxially nesting the laser pipeline 61, powder transfer pipeline 62, and protective gas transfer pipeline 63, the laser, cladding powder, and protective gas can be transported to the cladding actuator 5 along the same axial path. This reduces the space occupied by the transport pipelines while ensuring a continuous supply of laser, powder, and protective gas during the cladding process. Furthermore, the commutator copper plate assembly 7 and the radially misaligned dual independent carbon brush group solve problems such as crosstalk from dual power supplies, carbon brush sparking, and signal disturbance. Finally, closed-loop control during the cladding process is achieved through the radial air gap sensor 81 and the cladding quality monitoring sensor 82.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "some examples," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples" indicates that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0101] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application.

Claims

1. A purely electrically excited laser cladding device, characterized in that: include The control box is equipped with a control module, a power module, and a supply module; An axial feed mechanism, wherein the fixed end of the axial feed mechanism is connected to the control box; A rotating mechanism, wherein the fixed end of the rotating mechanism is connected to the output end of the axial feed mechanism, and the fixed end of the rotating mechanism is rotatably connected to the rotating end of the rotating mechanism; A magnetic levitation drive mechanism includes a winding support base, an integrated drive winding, and a rotor excitation core. One end of the winding support base is connected to the rotating end of the rotating mechanism. The winding support base is uniformly provided with at least six receiving slots along its circumference, and the receiving slots are arranged along the axial direction of the winding support base. The integrated drive winding includes a circumferential rotating winding and a radial suspension winding respectively wound in the receiving slots. The rotor excitation core is disposed in the receiving slots. The circumferential rotating winding and the radial suspension winding are respectively connected to the power module. The circumferential rotating winding drives the rotor excitation core to rotate around the axis of the winding support base. The radial suspension winding is used to form a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation core and the wall of the hole to be clad, so that the magnetic levitation drive mechanism maintains a preset radial position in the hole to be clad. A cladding actuator is disposed at the other end of the winding support base; A multi-channel pipeline, comprising a laser pipeline, a powder transport pipeline, and a protective gas transport pipeline, wherein one end of the multi-channel pipeline is connected to the supply module and the other end is connected to the cladding actuator; The axial feed mechanism, the rotation mechanism, and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism are arranged coaxially.

2. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the receiving slots is sequentially configured as an odd number of slots and an even number of slots along the circumference of the winding support base. The odd number of slots and the even number of slots are alternately arranged along the circumference. The windings in adjacent receiving slots have opposite winding directions. The windings in each of the odd number of slots constitute the circumferential rotating winding, and the windings in each of the even number of slots constitute the radially suspended winding.

3. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the accommodating slots is divided into at least two slot segments along the axial direction, and the rotor excitation magnet core is arranged in segments along the axial direction, each corresponding to one of the slot segments.

4. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The power module includes a commutator copper plate assembly, an AC power supply, a DC power supply, an AC carbon brush group, and a DC carbon brush group. The commutator copper plate assembly includes a first copper plate group and a second copper plate group. The AC power supply is electrically connected to the AC carbon brush group, and the AC carbon brush group is slidably connected to the first copper plate group. The first copper plate group is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding. The DC power supply is electrically connected to the DC carbon brush group, and the DC carbon brush group is slidably connected to the second copper plate group. The second copper plate group is electrically connected to the radial suspension winding.

5. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first copper sheet assembly includes at least one first copper sheet unit. The first copper sheet unit has an insulating region on its radially inner side and a conductive region on its radially outer side. The AC carbon brush assembly is disposed on the radially outer side of the commutator copper sheet assembly and slides in contact with the conductive region of the first copper sheet unit. The second copper sheet assembly includes at least one second copper sheet unit. The second copper sheet unit has an insulating region on its radially outer side and a conductive region on its radially inner side. The DC carbon brush assembly is disposed on the radially inner side of the commutator copper sheet assembly and makes sliding contact with the conductive region of the second copper sheet unit.

6. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The power module includes a first rotating loosely coupled transformer and a second rotating loosely coupled transformer. The first rotating loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the circumferential rotating winding, and the second rotating loosely coupled transformer is electrically connected to the radially suspended winding.

7. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel pipeline is at least partially disposed within the rotating mechanism and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism, and the laser pipeline, the powder transport pipeline, and the protective gas transport pipeline are coaxially nested.

8. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a sensing mechanism, which includes a radial air gap sensor. The radial air gap sensor is used to acquire radial air gap data between the cladding actuator and the hole wall. The control module adjusts the output current of the DC power supply in the power module according to the radial air gap data to change the radial electromagnetic force generated by the radial suspension winding.

9. The pure electrically excited laser cladding device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensing mechanism also includes a cladding quality monitoring sensor, which is used to acquire quality-related detection data of the cladding layer. The control module adjusts at least one of the laser power, powder delivery amount, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed and axial feed speed according to the quality-related detection data.

10. A method of using a purely electrically excited laser cladding device, characterized in that: The method of using the purely electrically excited laser cladding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following steps: Fix the control box to the outside of the hole to be clad, and connect the laser, powder, and protective gas to the corresponding supply interfaces of the control box; extend the cladding actuator and the magnetic levitation drive mechanism into the hole to be clad. A direct current is passed through the radial suspension winding to create a radial electromagnetic force between the rotor excitation magnet core and the wall of the hole to be fused and coated. The radial air gap data between the rotor excitation magnet core and the hole wall to be clad is obtained by the radial air gap sensor, and the DC current of the power module is adjusted according to the radial air gap data to adjust the radial electromagnetic force generated by the radial suspension winding, so that the cladding actuator is kept at the preset radial position of the hole to be clad. An alternating current is passed through the circumferential rotating winding, causing the magnetic levitation drive mechanism to drive the cladding actuator to rotate around the axis of the hole to be clad; Laser, powder and protective gas are simultaneously delivered to the cladding actuator through a multi-channel pipeline, so that the laser and powder form a molten pool on the inner wall of the hole to be clad, and the inner wall of the hole to be clad is circumferentially clad during the rotation of the cladding actuator. The drive axial feed mechanism causes the rotary mechanism, magnetic levitation drive mechanism and cladding execution mechanism to move along the axial direction of the hole to be clad, and adjusts the axial feed speed according to the preset cladding trajectory to achieve continuous cladding of the inner wall of the hole to be clad. During the cladding process, radial air gap data and cladding quality-related detection data are continuously acquired. The current of the radial suspension winding is adjusted in real time based on the radial air gap data, and at least one of the following is adjusted based on the quality-related detection data: laser power, powder delivery rate, protective gas flow rate, circumferential rotation speed, and axial feed speed. When a local defect area is detected on the inner wall of the hole to be clad, the axial feed mechanism is controlled to move the cladding actuator to the local defect area, so that the cladding actuator can perform circumferential rotation cladding in the local defect area to complete the fixed-point repair welding.

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