Electrolytic cell current equalization control system

Abstract

This invention discloses an electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, belonging to the field of electrolysis equipment technology. It includes an electrolyzer body, a temperature detection module, and a controller. The electrolyzer body has a reaction zone and at least two flow distribution holes. These at least two flow distribution holes are arranged in a row on one side of the reaction zone, spaced apart, and are used to allow electrolyte to enter the reaction zone. Each flow distribution hole is equipped with a corresponding flow regulation module. The controller acquires detection data from multiple temperature detection units and determines the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of each row of temperature detection units based on the detection data. When at least one of the temperature deviation value or temperature rise deviation rate exceeds a corresponding preset threshold, the controller adjusts the opening of the corresponding flow regulation module to restore uniformity of the flow field in the reaction zone. Through this system, the uniformity of the flow field in the reaction zone can be maintained, thereby ensuring hydrogen production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electrolysis equipment technology, specifically relating to an electrolytic cell current equalization and control system. Background Technology

[0002] The alkaline electrolyzer is the core equipment of the alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system. Its operation utilizes an alkaline aqueous solution as the electrolyte to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen under the action of direct current. To maintain a stable electrolyte concentration, the electrolyte needs to be continuously replenished into the alkaline electrolyzer during the electrolysis process.

[0003] The electrolyte needs to enter the electrode reaction zone through the inlet distribution tank and distribution holes. The distribution state of the electrolyte in the flow channel directly affects local heat exchange, bubble discharge, electrolyte concentration, current density distribution, and temperature stability of the reaction zone. For electrolyzers with a large width or a large effective reaction area, after the fluid enters from one side or a local inlet, it is easily affected by complex factors such as friction loss, wall boundary effects, continuous flow splitting, flow velocity fluctuations, temperature fluctuations, and uneven electrochemical reactions. This can easily lead to uneven flow field phenomena in the electrolyzer, including inconsistent liquid supply between the middle and sides of the reaction zone, local stagnation, local high-speed jets, uneven pressure distribution, and uneven temperature distribution, thus affecting the hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer.

[0004] To maintain the uniformity of the flow field within the electrolyzer, existing technologies have specifically designed the flow channels, using fluid simulation techniques to optimize the structural parameters of the channels and thus alleviate the problem of uneven flow field. However, in actual electrolysis, parameters such as temperature and pressure within the electrolyzer are not constant but dynamically changing. The statically optimized flow channel structure cannot adapt to these dynamic fluctuations, and uneven flow field distribution will reappear under different operating conditions, leading to poor hydrogen production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned defects or deficiencies, this invention provides an electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, which aims to solve the technical problem of poor hydrogen production efficiency caused by uneven internal flow field distribution due to environmental fluctuations within the electrolyzer during operation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an electrolytic cell flow equalization and control system, wherein the electrolytic cell flow equalization and control system includes an electrolytic cell body, a flow regulation module, a temperature detection module, and a controller; the electrolytic cell body has a reaction zone and at least two flow distribution holes, which are arranged in a row at intervals on one side of the reaction zone and are all used to allow electrolyte to enter the reaction zone, and each flow distribution hole is correspondingly provided with a flow regulation module; the temperature detection module includes multiple temperature detection units arranged in an array in the reaction zone, the number of temperature detection units in each row being the same as the number of flow distribution holes, and their positions being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence; the controller is signal-connected to the flow regulation module and the multiple temperature detection units respectively, and is configured to: Acquire detection data from multiple temperature detection units; The temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit is determined based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units, and the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units is determined based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its column. If at least one of the temperature deviation values ​​of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of its corresponding column will be controlled to adjust its opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone can be restored to uniformity.

[0007] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units includes: Obtain the first calculation formula and substitute the detection data of each row of temperature detection units into the first calculation formula to calculate the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit. The first calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the first i Liede j Temperature deviation value of the temperature detection unit of the outlet. Indicates the first i Liede j The temperature detection data from the outlet's temperature detection unit, Indicates the first j The average temperature measured by the temperature detection unit of the row.

[0008] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its column includes: Obtain the second calculation formula, and substitute the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its respective column into the second calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise rate of each column of temperature detection units. The second calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the first i Liede j The temperature detection data from the outlet's temperature detection unit, Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, Indicates the first i Liede j The vertical axis of the temperature detection unit in the row, Indicates the first i The average ordinate of the temperature detection units in the column, Indicates the first i The average temperature measured by the temperature detection unit of the column; Obtain the third calculation formula, and substitute the calculated temperature rise rate of all columns into the third calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units. The third calculation formula is expressed as follows: | |; In the formula, Indicates the first i The temperature rise deviation rate of the column Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, This represents the average temperature rise rate calculated based on the temperature rise rates of all columns.

[0009] In this embodiment of the invention, when at least one data point of the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, controlling the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of its corresponding column to adjust its opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity includes: If the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, the first adjustment opening is determined based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the corresponding temperature deviation value. When the adjustment directions of the first and second adjustment openings are consistent, the larger of the two values ​​is used to control the flow adjustment module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column to adjust the opening, so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity.

[0010] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value include: The temperature rise deviation rate is compared with a preset deviation rate range, and the first adjustment opening is determined based on the comparison result. The preset deviation rate range includes a first positive value range corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and a first negative value range corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening. The corresponding temperature deviation value is compared with the preset deviation value range, and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the comparison result. The preset deviation value range includes the maximum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and the minimum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening.

[0011] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset deviation rate range further includes a second positive value range corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and a second negative value range corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the first positive value range and the first negative value range is a first-level adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the second positive value range and the second negative value range is a second-level adjustment opening. The corresponding temperature deviation value is compared with the preset deviation value range, and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the comparison result, including: Compare the corresponding temperature deviation value with the preset deviation value range; If the maximum temperature difference threshold is greater than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be an increase of the first-level adjustment opening; If the minimum temperature difference threshold is less than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be a reduction of the first-level adjustment opening.

[0012] In this embodiment of the invention, when the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, after determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value, the method further includes: When the adjustment directions of the first adjustment opening and the second adjustment opening are opposite, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column is controlled to maintain the current opening. Determine the validity of the signals in the detection data; If the signal is confirmed to be valid, the detection interval of the temperature detection unit is extended.

[0013] In this embodiment of the invention, after acquiring the detection data from multiple temperature detection units, the method further includes: Determine the temperature range measured by each row of temperature detection units; If the temperature range exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two temperature detection units with the calculated temperature range will be identified as the high temperature detection unit and the low temperature detection unit in the row. When the temperature deviation of the high temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column to which it belongs is controlled to open to the minimum opening degree, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column to increase the opening degree. When the temperature deviation of the low-temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column is controlled to close the flow distribution hole, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column is controlled to reduce the opening degree.

[0014] In this embodiment of the invention, after determining the two temperature detection units that have calculated the temperature difference as the high-temperature detection unit and the low-temperature detection unit in the row when the temperature difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the method further includes: If the temperature deviation of the high temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column is opened to the maximum degree, control the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column to reduce the opening degree. When the temperature deviation of the low-temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column is opened to the minimum degree, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column is controlled to increase the opening degree.

[0015] In this embodiment of the invention, the electrolytic cell flow equalization control system further includes a pressure detection module, which includes at least two pressure detection units arranged in a row between two adjacent rows of temperature detection units. The controller is further configured to: Acquire the detection data for each pressure detection unit; The pressure deviation value of each pressure detection unit is determined based on the detection data of a row of pressure detection units; If the pressure deviation value of any pressure detection unit exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to that pressure detection unit is controlled to adjust its opening so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity.

[0016] In this embodiment of the invention, after acquiring the detection data of each pressure detection unit, the process includes: Determine the pressure range; When the pressure difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two pressure detection units that calculate the pressure difference are identified as the high-pressure detection unit and the low-pressure detection unit. When the pressure deviation value of the high pressure detection unit is less than the minimum maximum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the high pressure detection unit is controlled to open to the maximum opening degree, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit is controlled to increase the opening degree. When the pressure deviation of the low-pressure detection unit exceeds the maximum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the low-pressure detection unit is controlled to close the flow distribution orifice, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit is controlled to reduce its opening.

[0017] In this embodiment of the invention, at least two flow distribution holes are configured to have the same diameter, and the distance between two adjacent flow distribution holes is configured to gradually decrease in the direction from the center region toward the edge region.

[0018] In this embodiment of the invention, the flow regulation module includes an adjustment plate and a driving member. The adjustment plate is vertically mounted on the electrolytic cell body and located on the extension path of the flow distribution hole. The adjustment plate is provided with a closing plate portion and at least two adjustment holes at intervals along the height direction. The diameters of the at least two adjustment holes are all set to be different. The driving member is provided on the electrolytic cell body and is used to drive the adjustment plate to move up and down, so that the closing plate portion or one of the adjustment holes is directly opposite the flow distribution hole.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the electrolytic cell current equalization and control system provided in this embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: When using the aforementioned electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, which includes the electrolyzer body, flow regulation module, temperature detection module, and controller, the opening degree of each flow distribution orifice can be dynamically adjusted according to the operating parameters within the electrolyzer during the actual electrolysis process. Specifically, the temperature detection module includes multiple temperature detection units arranged in an array within the reaction zone. The number of temperature detection units in each row is set to match the number of flow distribution orifices, and their positions are set one-to-one. The controller can determine the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units, and determine the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units based on the detection data of each column and the position of each temperature detection unit in its column. Furthermore, based on the calculated temperature deviation value and temperature rise deviation rate, the controller controls the flow regulation module at the corresponding flow distribution orifice to adjust the electrolyte flow rate at that position. Thus, through this electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, targeted flow regulation can be performed to address issues such as localized overheating, overcooling, and abnormal temperature rise changes within the reaction zone, ensuring that the flow field within the reaction zone remains in a uniform and stable state, thereby guaranteeing hydrogen production efficiency.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow regulation module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial control flow diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial flowchart of step S300; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating step S310; Figure 6 yes Figure 3 Another part of the process diagram for step S300; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another part of the control flow of the controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Electrolytic cell body; 11. Flow distribution hole; 12. Liquid outlet hole; 13. Reaction zone; 2. Temperature detection unit; 3. Pressure detection unit; 4. Flow regulation module; 41. Regulating plate; 42. Drive component; 421. Stepper motor; 422. Coupling; 423. Lead screw; 424. Slider; 43. Regulating hole. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides an electrolytic cell current equalization control system, wherein the electrolytic cell current equalization control system includes an electrolytic cell body 1, a temperature detection module and a controller.

[0026] The electrolytic cell body 1 has a reaction zone 13 and at least two flow distribution holes 11. The at least two flow distribution holes 11 are arranged in a row on one side of the reaction zone 13, spaced apart, and are all used to allow electrolyte to enter the reaction zone 13. Each flow distribution hole 11 is equipped with a corresponding flow regulation module 4. The temperature detection module includes multiple temperature detection units 2 arranged in an array within the reaction zone 13. The number of temperature detection units 2 in each row is the same as the number of flow distribution holes 11, and their positions correspond one-to-one. The controller is connected to the flow regulation module 4 and the multiple temperature detection units 2 respectively, and is configured as follows: Step S100: Obtain detection data from multiple temperature detection units 2.

[0027] Specifically, multiple temperature detection units 2 send real-time temperature data of their respective areas to the controller according to a preset acquisition frequency. The controller then organizes the data according to a preset array arrangement format to obtain a temperature distribution matrix at different locations within the reaction zone 13.

[0028] Step S200: Determine the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit 2 based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units 2, and determine the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units 2 based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units 2 and the position of each temperature detection unit 2 in its column.

[0029] Specifically, the temperature deviation value reflects the difference between the temperature of a single temperature detection unit 2 within the same row and the overall average temperature of that row. The larger the absolute value of the temperature deviation value, the worse the flow field uniformity in that area. Similarly, the temperature rise deviation rate reflects the difference between the temperature change trend of the same column area along the electrolyte flow direction and the overall temperature change trend. The larger the absolute value of the temperature rise deviation rate, the worse the flow field distribution uniformity along the flow direction in that area.

[0030] In step S300, if at least one of the temperature deviation values ​​of any temperature detection unit 2 and the temperature rise deviation rate of the corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module 4 set corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of the corresponding column is controlled to adjust the opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone 13 is restored to uniformity.

[0031] Specifically, during the flow of the electrolyte within reaction zone 13, in addition to participating in the electrolysis reaction, it also carries away the heat generated during electrolysis. Therefore, the local temperature of reaction zone 13 and the electrolyte flow rate in the corresponding area are negatively correlated; that is, the higher the flow rate, the lower the temperature in that area for the same heat generation, and the lower the flow rate, the higher the temperature in that area. Therefore, when the temperature deviation value of a single temperature detection unit 2 is higher than the corresponding preset threshold, it indicates that there is local overheating in reaction zone 13, and the controller controls the corresponding flow regulation module 4 to increase its opening. When the temperature deviation value of a single temperature detection unit 2 is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, it indicates that there is local overcooling in reaction zone 13, and the controller controls the corresponding flow regulation module 4 to decrease its opening. Similarly, if the temperature rise deviation rate of a certain column of temperature detection units 2 is higher than the corresponding preset threshold, it indicates that the overall temperature rise of the area corresponding to that column of temperature detection units 2 is too fast along the electrolyte flow direction, and the controller controls the corresponding flow regulation module 4 to increase the opening degree; if the temperature rise deviation rate of a certain column of temperature detection units 2 is lower than the corresponding preset threshold, it indicates that the overall temperature rise of the area corresponding to that column of temperature detection units 2 is insufficient along the electrolyte flow direction, and the controller controls the corresponding flow regulation module 4 to decrease the opening degree.

[0032] When using the aforementioned electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, the controller can determine the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit 2 based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units 2, and determine the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units 2 based on the detection data of each column and the position of each temperature detection unit 2 in its column. Furthermore, based on the calculated temperature deviation value and temperature rise deviation rate, the controller controls the flow adjustment module 4 at the corresponding flow distribution orifice 11 to adjust the electrolyte flow rate at that location. Thus, through this electrolyzer flow equalization and control system, targeted flow regulation can be performed to address issues such as localized overheating, overcooling, and abnormal temperature rise changes within the reaction zone 13, ensuring that the flow field within the reaction zone 13 remains uniform and stable, thereby guaranteeing hydrogen production efficiency.

[0033] Specifically, the lower end of the electrolytic cell body 1 is provided with a horizontally arranged liquid inlet structure, and the upper end is provided with a horizontally arranged liquid outlet structure. The flow distribution hole 11 is located on the liquid inlet structure, and the liquid outlet structure is formed with liquid outlet holes 12. The number of liquid outlet holes 12 and the flow distribution hole 11 are the same, and their positions are set in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0034] Specifically, the temperature detection unit 2 uses an alkali-resistant encapsulated platinum resistance thermometer or thermocouple, and its sensing end establishes a stable thermal contact with the fluid in the reaction zone 13 or the adjacent reaction surface through a sealed mounting interface.

[0035] It should be noted that the electrolyzer flow equalization control system of the present invention can be used for electrolytic hydrogen production, or for other electrolysis scenarios that require uniform flow field control of the electrolyte.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit 2 based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units 2 includes: Obtain the first calculation formula and substitute the detection data of each row of temperature detection units 2 into the first calculation formula to calculate the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit 2. The first calculation formula is expressed as: ; In the formula, Indicates the first i Liede j Temperature deviation value of temperature detection unit 2 in the row. Indicates the first i Liede j The temperature detection data from unit 2 of the outlet. Indicates the first j The average temperature measured by temperature detection unit 2 of the row.

[0037] The first calculation formula can directly obtain the temperature deviation of a single temperature detection unit 2 relative to the average temperature of the entire row, clearly showing the degree of temperature abnormality of the temperature detection unit 2 compared to other temperature detection units 2 in the same row, providing an accurate quantitative data basis for subsequent targeted adjustments.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, determining the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units 2 based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units 2 and the position of each temperature detection unit 2 in its respective column includes: Obtain the second calculation formula, and substitute the detection data of each column of temperature detection unit 2 and the position of each temperature detection unit 2 in its respective column into the second calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise rate of each column of temperature detection unit 2. The second calculation formula is expressed as follows: ; In the formula, Indicates the first i Liede j The temperature detection data from the outlet's temperature detection unit, Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, Indicates the first i Liede j The vertical axis of the temperature detection unit in the row, Indicates the first i The average ordinate of the temperature detection units in the column, Indicates the first i The average temperature measured by the temperature detection unit of the column; Obtain the third calculation formula, and substitute the calculated temperature rise rate of all columns into the third calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units. The third calculation formula is expressed as follows: | |; In the formula, Indicates the first i The temperature rise deviation rate of the column Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, This represents the average temperature rise rate calculated based on the temperature rise rates of all columns.

[0039] The temperature rise deviation rate of each temperature detection unit 2 can be quantitatively calculated using the second and third calculation formulas, providing a clear basis for anomaly judgment. Compared with the traditional scheme that relies solely on the overall temperature difference to judge anomalies, this method can accurately identify the flow uniformity problem where the transverse temperature is uniform but the temperature rise rate of a single flow channel is abnormal. This provides reliable data support for subsequent precise zone control, enabling targeted correction of the flow distribution in different flow channels and ensuring the overall stability of the electrolytic cell and the uniformity of the flow field distribution.

[0040] Furthermore, | |, k min ), k min The minimum effective reference to prevent the relative deviation from being abnormally amplified when the overall average temperature rise rate is close to zero can be determined by experimental calibration.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, step S300, when at least one data point of the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit 2 and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, controls the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of its corresponding column to adjust its opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone 13 is restored to uniformity, includes: In step S310, if the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit 2 and the temperature rise deviation rate of its column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, the first adjustment opening is determined based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the corresponding temperature deviation value.

[0042] Specifically, the corresponding preset thresholds for the temperature rise deviation rate are represented as the maximum temperature rise threshold δR_lim and the minimum temperature rise threshold -δR_lim. When the temperature rise deviation rate Ri > δR_lim, it means that the overall temperature rise rate of the column is higher than the average temperature rise rate of reaction zone 13, and the adjustment direction of the first adjustment opening is to increase positively; when the temperature rise deviation rate Ri < -δR_lim, it means that the overall temperature rise rate of the column is lower than the average temperature rise rate of reaction zone 13, and the adjustment direction of the first adjustment opening is to decrease negatively.

[0043] Specifically, the corresponding preset threshold for the temperature deviation value is represented as the maximum temperature difference threshold δ. T _lim and minimum temperature difference threshold -δ T _lim, temperature deviation value >δ T _lim indicates that there is a localized high temperature in the area corresponding to temperature detection unit 2, and the adjustment direction of the second adjustment opening is to increase in the positive direction; temperature deviation value <-δ T_lim indicates that there is a local low temperature in the area corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2, and the adjustment direction of the second adjustment opening is to decrease negatively.

[0044] In step S320, when the adjustment directions of the first adjustment opening and the second adjustment opening are consistent, the flow adjustment module 4 corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of the corresponding column is controlled to adjust the opening by the larger value of the two, so that the flow field in the reaction zone 13 is restored to uniformity.

[0045] In steps S310 to S320, by setting corresponding preset thresholds for the temperature rise deviation rate and temperature deviation value, it is possible to filter out minor deviations that have little impact on the overall flow field and temperature distribution, avoid frequent operation of the adjustment mechanism and reduce its service life, and prioritize the handling of abnormal working conditions that have a more prominent impact on the temperature uniformity of the overall flow field, thus avoiding the problem of being unable to correct uneven flow field distribution.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value include: Step S311: Compare the temperature rise deviation rate with the preset deviation rate range, and determine the first adjustment opening based on the comparison result. The preset deviation rate range includes a first positive value range corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and a first negative value range corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening.

[0047] Specifically, the first positive range of the preset deviation rate range is set to 50% to 100%, and the first negative range is set to -100% to -50%.

[0048] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited thereto. The specific ranges of the first positive range and the first negative range can be adaptively adjusted according to the rated capacity of the electrolyzer, the upper limit of the design temperature rise and the actual operating conditions. Different projects can set different range division thresholds according to the requirements of operational stability to ensure that the graded adjustment scheme is adapted to the current equalization control needs of electrolyzers of different scales.

[0049] Step S312: Compare the corresponding temperature deviation value with the preset deviation value range, and determine the second adjustment opening degree based on the comparison result. The preset deviation value range includes the maximum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening degree and the minimum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening degree.

[0050] Specifically, the maximum temperature difference threshold is expressed as δ T _lim, the minimum temperature difference threshold is expressed as -δ T _lim,δ TThe specific value of _lim can be set according to the rated capacity of the electrolytic cell, the upper limit of the design temperature rise, and the actual operating conditions. Different projects can set different maximum temperature difference thresholds and minimum temperature difference thresholds according to the requirements of operational stability.

[0051] In steps S311 to S312, the flow regulation module 4 uses a graded regulation method to adjust the opening. Each opening level corresponds to a fixed adjustment range. By pre-defining the corresponding preset deviation rate range and preset deviation value range for the temperature rise deviation rate and temperature deviation value, different ranges correspond to different adjustment opening levels. The pre-stored opening parameters can be directly retrieved according to the deviation range, without the need to perform real-time fitting calculations for the current deviation, which can greatly shorten the time for generating adjustment commands.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset deviation rate range further includes a second positive value range corresponding to an increase in the adjustment opening and a second negative value range corresponding to a decrease in the adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the first positive value range and the first negative value range is a first-level adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the second positive value range and the second negative value range is a second-level adjustment opening.

[0053] Specifically, the second positive range is set to be greater than 100%, and the second negative range is set to be less than -100%. The adjustment range of the second-level regulation is greater than that of the first-level regulation.

[0054] More specifically, when the first i The temperature rise deviation rate of the temperature detection unit 2 is -50% ≤ R i When -100% ≤ 50% and other judgment parameters are normal, no opening adjustment is performed; when -100% ≤ R i When <-50%, the corresponding number is... i The flow regulation module 4 of the temperature detection unit 2 performs a reduction in the first-level regulation opening; when R i When <-100%, the corresponding number is... i The flow regulation module 4 of the temperature detection unit 2 performs a reduction in the secondary regulation opening; when 50% < R i When ≤100%, the corresponding number is... i The flow regulation module 4 of the temperature detection unit 2 increases the opening degree by one level; when R i When >100%, the corresponding number is... i The flow regulation module 4 of the temperature detection unit 2 increases the secondary regulation opening.

[0055] Step S312, comparing the corresponding temperature deviation value with the preset deviation value range, and determining the second adjustment opening based on the comparison result includes: Compare the corresponding temperature deviation value with the preset deviation value range; If the maximum temperature difference threshold is greater than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be an increase of the first-level adjustment opening; If the minimum temperature difference threshold is less than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be a reduction of the first-level adjustment opening.

[0056] In steps S311 to S312, the flow regulation module 4 executes either a first-level or second-level regulation opening based on the magnitude of the temperature rise deviation rate. Based on the magnitude of the temperature deviation value, the flow regulation module 4 executes a first-level regulation opening. This hierarchical regulation design combines the control requirements of both the column-wide temperature rise trend and the single-point temperature deviation. It matches corresponding adjustment amplitudes to different degrees of deviation, enabling timely correction of the overall trend of abnormal temperature changes in the column and rapid correction of instantaneous deviations in single-point temperature anomalies. This avoids operational oscillations caused by small deviations triggering large adjustments, and also avoids untimely control due to large deviations using small adjustments, thus balancing system operational stability and the response efficiency of flow equalization regulation.

[0057] It should be noted that when the temperature deviation value is normal but the temperature rise deviation rate is abnormal, the temperature rise deviation rate can be directly compared with the preset deviation rate range, and the first adjustment opening can be determined based on the comparison result; and when the temperature deviation value is abnormal but the temperature rise deviation rate is normal, the corresponding temperature deviation value can be directly compared with the preset deviation value range, and the second adjustment opening can be determined based on the comparison result.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, step S310, after determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value when the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit 2 and the temperature rise deviation rate of its column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, further includes: In step S330, when the adjustment directions of the first adjustment opening and the second adjustment opening are opposite, the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of the column is controlled to maintain the current opening.

[0059] Understandably, the larger the temperature deviation value of a single temperature detection unit 2, the higher the temperature at that point. Generally, the temperature rise rate of its corresponding column is also greater. Therefore, under normal circumstances, when there is an uneven flow field distribution in the reaction zone 13, the adjustment directions of the first and second adjustment openings are basically the same, and the controller can execute step S320 accordingly. When the two adjustment directions are opposite, it indicates that at least one temperature detection unit 2 in the corresponding column is abnormal, or that the detection result is distorted due to bubble disturbance and instantaneous noise.

[0060] Step S340: Determine the validity of the detected data signal.

[0061] Specifically, the validity judgment includes at least three types of checks: measurement range validity, time continuity and spatial consistency. The temperature value should be within the allowable working range of the temperature detection unit 2 and the electrolytic cell body 1. The change in adjacent sampling cycles should not exceed the preset maximum jump threshold. When a single temperature detection unit 2 changes abruptly, and adjacent temperature detection units 2 do not show the same direction of change, the temperature detection unit 2 is marked.

[0062] Step S350: If the signal is confirmed to be valid, control the extension of the detection interval of the temperature detection unit 2.

[0063] Extending the detection interval eliminates short-lived interference factors such as bubble disturbances and transient noise. The location is then re-verified in the next temperature sampling cycle, preventing single, occasional abnormal detection results from triggering unnecessary opening adjustments. Simultaneously, it allows for timely identification and marking of the abnormal temperature detection unit 2, facilitating subsequent troubleshooting and maintenance, and ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the entire flow sharing control process. If the detection data of the marked temperature detection unit 2 remains abnormal throughout multiple samplings after the extended interval, a fault is confirmed in temperature detection unit 2, and the controller pushes this fault information to the maintenance terminal to remind personnel to perform timely repairs. If, after multiple rounds of sampling and verification, the detection data of the marked temperature detection unit 2 returns to normal, the normal sampling frequency and control process are restored.

[0064] Specifically, the extended detection interval is 60 seconds.

[0065] Furthermore, if it is confirmed that the marked temperature detection unit 2 has malfunctioned but the electrolysis reaction still needs to continue, the controller will exclude the detection data of the marked temperature detection unit 2 and select the average data of the adjacent temperature detection unit 2 to replace the detection data of the marked temperature detection unit 2 in the calculation, so as to avoid interference caused by abnormal data.

[0066] In addition, for the column temperature rise rate, the linear fitting residual can also be calculated. When the fitting residual exceeds the allowable value, the flow regulation module 4 does not immediately act according to the temperature rise deviation rate, but waits for several set sampling periods and then adjusts after reconfirmation.

[0067] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, after obtaining the detection data from the multiple temperature detection units 2 in step S100, the method further includes: Step S400: Determine the temperature range measured by each row of temperature detection units 2.

[0068] Specifically, if the number of temperature detection units 2 in each row is set to 10, then the... J Temperature range of the outlet .

[0069] Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. The number of temperature detection units 2 in each row can also be set to other values ​​according to the actual specifications of the electrolytic cell. The calculation method of the temperature difference is consistent with the above logic, that is, the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of all detection units in the row can be calculated.

[0070] In step S500, if the temperature difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two temperature detection units 2 with the calculated temperature difference are identified as the high temperature detection unit and the low temperature detection unit in the row.

[0071] Specifically, the corresponding allowable threshold for the temperature range is expressed as Δ. T _lim.

[0072] Step S600: When the temperature deviation value of the high temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold, control the flow regulation module 4 set to the corresponding column temperature detection unit 2 to open to the maximum opening degree, and control the flow regulation module 4 set to the adjacent column temperature detection unit 2 to increase the opening degree. In step S700, when the temperature deviation value of the low temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold, the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of the corresponding column is controlled to close the flow distribution hole 11, and the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the temperature detection unit 2 of the adjacent column is controlled to reduce the opening degree.

[0073] Steps S400 to S700 can quickly correct the uneven flow field distribution within reaction zone 13. Understandably, when there is a significant temperature difference... Exceeding Δ T The value _lim indicates that the uneven flow field distribution within reaction zone 13 is quite serious. By adjusting the opening of the flow regulation module 4 for the columns of the high-temperature detection unit, the low-temperature detection unit, and adjacent columns, the flow in the corresponding areas can be redistributed more quickly. This rapidly reduces the temperature difference between the corresponding area of ​​the high-temperature / low-temperature detection unit and the average temperature of its row, allowing the flow field and temperature of the entire electrolytic cell reaction zone 13 to quickly return to a uniform and stable state, ensuring the efficiency and operational safety of the electrolysis process.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, step S500, after determining the two temperature detection units 2 with calculated temperature differences as the high-temperature detection unit and the low-temperature detection unit in the row when the temperature difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, further includes: when the temperature deviation value of the high-temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit in the row is opened to the maximum opening, controlling the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit in the adjacent row to decrease the opening; when the temperature deviation value of the low-temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit in the row is opened to the minimum opening, controlling the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit in the adjacent row to increase the opening.

[0075] Understandably, given a fixed total electrolyte flow rate, reducing the opening of the flow regulation modules in adjacent columns forces more electrolyte into the column belonging to the high-temperature detection unit, increasing the electrolyte flow rate in that column. Conversely, increasing the opening of the flow regulation modules in adjacent columns reduces the electrolyte flow rate in the column belonging to the low-temperature detection unit. Therefore, through this control strategy, the electrolyte distribution can be further optimized even when one of the flow regulation modules is already at its maximum or minimum opening and cannot be adjusted further.

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the electrolytic cell current equalization control system further includes a pressure detection module. The pressure detection module includes at least two pressure detection units 3, which are arranged in a row between two adjacent rows of temperature detection units 2. The controller is signal-connected to at least two pressure detection units 3 and configured as follows: Acquire the detection data for each pressure detection unit 3; The pressure deviation value of each pressure detection unit 3 is determined based on the detection data of all pressure detection units 3; If the pressure deviation value of any pressure detection unit 3 exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the pressure detection unit 3 is controlled to adjust the opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone 13 is restored to uniformity.

[0077] Therefore, by making adjustments based on both temperature and pressure detection data, the location and extent of uneven flow field distribution within reaction zone 13 can be identified more accurately. By combining the detection results from both temperature and pressure dimensions to regulate flow distribution, the accuracy and efficiency of flow field correction can be further improved, ensuring that the electrolyzer always operates under conditions of uniform and stable flow field temperature.

[0078] Specifically, after the temperature distribution meets the aforementioned basic uniformity condition, the controller further performs auxiliary judgment on the pressure detection unit 3 in the middle. In a specific embodiment, the number of pressure detection units 3 is set to 10, and the pressure of the i-th pressure measuring point is . P i The average pressure of each pressure detection unit 3 Pressure deviation value Calculate using the following formula: ; .

[0079] Furthermore, let the maximum differential pressure threshold for the pressure deviation be δ. P _lim, the minimum differential pressure threshold is -δ P _lim, among all pressure detection units 3, the difference between the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure is the pressure range Δ. P， Pressure difference Δ P The allowable threshold is Δ P _lim, each threshold is set according to the system safety margin. When the pressure deviation value of all pressure detection units 3 meets -δ P _lim≤δ P i ≤δ P _lim, and the pressure difference Δ P ≤Δ P When _lim, the pressure distribution within reaction zone 13 is determined to be basically uniform; when the pressure deviation value of one of the pressure detection units 3 satisfies δ P i >δ P When _lim, it is determined that the pressure of the column to which the pressure detection unit 3 belongs is too high or the local resistance is too large, and the flow regulation module 4 is controlled to reduce the opening; when the pressure deviation value of one of the pressure detection units 3 meets δ P i < δ P When _lim, it is determined that the pressure of the column to which the pressure detection unit 3 belongs is too low or the liquid supply may be insufficient, and the flow regulation module 4 is controlled to increase the opening.

[0080] In this embodiment of the invention, after acquiring the detection data of each pressure detection unit 3, the method further includes: Determine the pressure range; When the pressure difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two pressure detection units 3 that have calculated the pressure difference are identified as the high-pressure detection unit and the low-pressure detection unit. When the pressure deviation value of the high pressure detection unit is less than the minimum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the high pressure detection unit is controlled to open to the maximum opening degree, and the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit 3 is controlled to increase the opening degree. When the pressure deviation value of the low-pressure detection unit is greater than the maximum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the low-pressure detection unit is controlled to close the flow distribution hole 11, and the flow regulation module 4 corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit 3 is controlled to reduce the opening degree.

[0081] The above steps can quickly correct the uneven flow field distribution within reaction zone 13. Understandably, when the pressure difference Δ... P Exceeding Δ P The value _lim indicates that the uneven flow field distribution within reaction zone 13 is quite serious. By adjusting the opening of the flow regulation module 4 for the column to which the high-pressure detection unit / low-pressure detection unit belongs and adjacent columns, the flow in the corresponding area can be redistributed more quickly, rapidly reducing the pressure difference between the corresponding area of ​​the high-pressure detection unit / low-pressure detection unit and the average pressure of reaction zone 13. This allows the flow field and pressure in the entire electrolytic cell reaction zone 13 to quickly return to a uniform and stable state, ensuring the efficiency and operational safety of the electrolysis process.

[0082] Specifically, the controller can make judgments based on the detection results of temperature detection unit 2 and pressure detection unit 3 respectively. The controller first determines the target column, adjustment direction, and adjustment opening level based on the temperature deviation value and temperature rise deviation rate; pressure detection unit 3 is used to determine whether there is obvious resistance abnormality or safety risk in the target column. When the adjustment direction given based on the temperature detection result is clear and the corresponding pressure deviation value does not exceed the corresponding preset threshold, the controller controls the flow regulation module 4 to act according to the temperature detection result; when the adjustment direction given based on the temperature detection result is opposite to the adjustment direction given based on the pressure detection result, the action is paused and a delayed re-check is entered; when the temperature in reaction zone 13 is normal and the pressure is abnormal, the controller only controls the flow regulation module 4 to act according to the first-level adjustment opening. This forms a hierarchical control relationship where the main control command is determined based on temperature, and safety verification and conflict verification are provided based on pressure.

[0083] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, at least two flow distribution holes 11 have the same diameter, and the distance between two adjacent flow distribution holes 11 gradually decreases from the middle region towards the edge region. Under the condition of the same diameter, since the distance between two adjacent flow distribution holes 11 located in the edge region is smaller than the distance between two adjacent flow distribution holes 11 located in the middle region, the density of flow distribution holes 11 per unit length in the edge region is higher than that in the middle region. This passively pre-compensates for insufficient liquid supply in the edge region, thereby reducing the frequency and amplitude of subsequent active adjustments.

[0084] Specifically, at least two flow distribution holes 11 are arranged in a non-equidistant, mirror-image configuration, and the spacing between two adjacent flow distribution holes 11 is s1, s2, ..., s1 from the center region toward the edge region. k s (k+1) s (k+2) …s (k+n) , and s (k+1) =s k Δs. Wherein, Δs is the decrease amount, which is determined based on the effective width of the electrolytic cell, the rated flow rate, and the results of flow field simulation or experiment.

[0085] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the flow regulation module 4 includes an adjustment plate 41 and a driving member 42. The adjustment plate 41 is vertically mounted on the electrolytic cell body 1 and located on the extension path of the flow distribution hole 11. The adjustment plate 41 is provided with a closing plate portion and at least two adjustment holes 43 at intervals along the height direction. The diameters of the at least two adjustment holes 43 are all set to be different. The driving member 42 is provided on the electrolytic cell body 1 and is used to drive the adjustment plate 41 to move up and down, so that the closing plate portion or one of the adjustment holes 43 is aligned with the flow distribution hole 11. By raising and lowering the adjustment plate 41, the adjustment holes 43 with different diameters can be switched to be aligned with the flow distribution hole 11, or the liquid passage path of the corresponding flow distribution hole 11 can be directly blocked by the closing plate portion. In this way, the actual flow area of ​​a single flow distribution hole 11 can be flexibly adjusted, thereby accurately regulating the liquid inlet flow rate and ensuring a uniform and stable flow field distribution in the electrolytic cell.

[0086] Specifically, the driving component 42 includes a stepper motor 421, a coupling 422, a lead screw 423, and a slider 424. The motor drives the lead screw 423 to rotate via the coupling 422, and the lead screw 423 drives the slider 424 to move linearly. The slider 424 drives the adjusting plate 41 to move.

[0087] Furthermore, the stepper motors 421 of adjacent drive components 42 are staggered vertically. This staggered arrangement can make full use of the lateral width of the electrolytic cell body 1, avoid mutual interference when multiple drive components 42 are arranged adjacently, and complete the independent drive control of multiple adjustment plates 41 within a limited space, ensuring that the flow adjustment of each flow distribution hole 11 can be carried out independently and smoothly.

[0088] Furthermore, a position sensor is installed on slider 424. The controller compares the actual position Xact,i of slider 424 with the target position Xset,i. The positioning criterion is as follows: |Xact,i Xset,i|≤ε_x; Let the allowable position error be ε_x, and the repositioning threshold be ε_r, where ε_r > ε_x. When the position error is not greater than ε_x, the regulating plate 41 is confirmed to be in position; when the position error is greater than ε_x but not ε_r, low-speed repositioning is allowed; when the position error reaches or exceeds ε_r, or when there is no significant change in position feedback after driving, it is determined that there is jamming, loss of synchronization, or alignment abnormality, and driving the regulating plate 41 to continue operation is stopped. When the system starts, each regulating plate 41 is preferably reset to the middle position (i.e., the regulating hole 43 in the middle position is aligned with the flow distribution hole 11); each adjustment changes only one hole diameter setting. After the regulating plate 41 is in position, there is a delay of τ_s, and temperature, pressure, and position data are collected again until the set criteria are met or an alarm state is entered.

[0089] Furthermore, regarding | R i For the secondary adjustment opening corresponding to |>100%, the controller can generate a first target position and a second target position respectively. The first target position corresponds to the adjustment hole 43 when the primary adjustment opening is reached, and the second target position corresponds to the adjustment hole 43 when the secondary adjustment opening is reached. The drive unit 42 completes the position adjustment of the adjustment plate 41 step by step: first, it moves to the first target position and is confirmed by the position sensor and the controller. If Xset,i|≤ε_x, then continue moving to the second target position and confirm again. This method achieves two-stage adjustment of the opening while maintaining a closed-loop position at each level, avoiding loss of synchronization or misalignment.

[0090] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, there are 10 flow distribution orifices 11, 10 flow regulation modules 4, and 10 pressure detection units 3. The temperature detection units 2 are arranged in a 10×5 matrix, and the reaction zone 13 is horizontally divided into 10 partitions. The following is a description of the control logic of this embodiment under different operating conditions: 1. The temperature and pressure in reaction zone 13 are both at normal levels.

[0091] When the operating parameters of each region within reaction zone 13 satisfy ΔT j ≤Δ T _lim、-δ T _lim≤δ T i,j ≤δ T _lim、-50%≤ R i ≤50%, -δ P _lim≤δ P i ≤δ P _lim、Δ P ≤Δ P When the positional error of each regulating plate 41 is no greater than ε_x, the system determines that the temperature distribution, pressure distribution, and flow regulation module 4 status of the reaction zone 13 are all within the normal range. At this time, the controller does not output adjustment commands to any stepper motor 421, maintains the current orifice diameter setting of each flow distribution orifice 11, and only continues to collect temperature, pressure, and position data according to the set cycle. This operating condition demonstrates that after each flow distribution orifice 11 completes the basic flow pre-distribution, the controller only undertakes the functions of online monitoring and status confirmation, thereby avoiding unnecessary mechanical actions under normal conditions.

[0092] II. Local overheating exists within reaction zone 13.

[0093] when >δ T When _lim, the controller locates the exception to the first... i The area is divided into zones, and it is initially determined that the zone may have localized insufficient liquid supply, reduced localized heat exchange capacity, or localized accumulation of reaction heat. If the sensor signal passes the validity assessment and there are no simultaneously triggered severe pressure alarms, then the signal is sent to the relevant department. i The stepper motor 421 corresponding to the partition issues a command to increase the opening by one level: when the current aperture is d_q, switch to the adjacent larger aperture d_{q+1}; if it is already at the maximum aperture position, maintain the maximum opening and enter the continuous abnormal monitoring or alarm state.

[0094] After receiving a command, the stepper motor 421 drives the lead screw 423 to rotate via the coupling 422. The lead screw 423 pushes the slider 424 to move the adjusting plate 41 up and down, aligning the target adjusting hole 43 with the flow distribution hole 11. The position sensor provides real-time feedback on the position of the slider 424. When the position error is no greater than ε_x, it is confirmed to be in place; if the position error reaches the repositioning threshold ε_r, the adjusting plate 41 stops moving and performs repositioning or a fault alarm is triggered. After the adjusting plate 41 is in place, there is a delay of τ_s to allow the inlet flow, the flow in the reaction zone 13, and the temperature field to reach a new stable state, and temperature and pressure data are collected again. i Partition Resatisfaction -δ T _lim≤δT i,j ≤δ T _lim and Δ T j ≤Δ T When the aperture reaches _lim, maintain the new aperture setting; if it is still not satisfactory, continue with the next round of judgment and adjustment without skipping any gears.

[0095] If the overheated zone also exhibits a high column-direction temperature rise rate, then further investigation is needed based on... R i Determine the adjustment level: When 50% < R i When ≤100%, a command to increase the adjustment opening by one level is issued. R i When the value is greater than 100%, an instruction to increase the secondary regulation opening is issued, and the instruction is executed step by step according to the adjacent gears. If the target zone is already at the maximum gear but the temperature is still too high, the adjacent zones on the left and right are checked. When the temperature deviation, temperature rise deviation rate and pressure deviation values ​​of the adjacent zones are all within the allowable range, at least one adjacent zone is selected to issue an instruction to decrease the primary regulation opening. The abnormal zone is provided with auxiliary compensation by redistributing the total inlet flow, and the process is rechecked after a delay of τs.

[0096] 3. Local overpressure exists in reaction zone 13.

[0097] When the temperature has met the basic uniformity condition, and the pressure detection unit 3 displays the i-th partition δ P i >δ P When the value of _lim is reached, the controller determines that there is a possibility of local high pressure or local high flow resistance in the i-th partition. The system reduces the adjustment opening of the adjustment plate 41 corresponding to the i-th partition by one level according to the pressure-assisted correction logic, that is, adjusts it from the current orifice diameter d_q to the adjacent smaller orifice diameter d_{q-1}; if it is already at the minimum orifice diameter setting, it will not continue to reduce the adjustment opening by one level, but will extend the detection interval for re-inspection.

[0098] After reducing the adjustment opening by one level, the position sensor confirms whether the adjustment plate 41 has reached the target position, and after a delay of τ_s, it re-acquires data from each pressure detection unit 3. If each pressure detection unit 3 again meets the -δ P _lim≤δ P i ≤δ P _lim and Δ P ≤Δ PIf the temperature remains within a uniform range, maintain the current orifice setting and return to cycle monitoring. If the pressure is still too high, reassess whether the anomaly is caused by local blockage, bubble accumulation, sensor malfunction, or inlet flow distribution, and then decide whether to proceed to the next setting or initiate manual calibration. By first confirming that the temperature is basically uniform and then using pressure for auxiliary correction, frequent inlet actuation caused by instantaneous pressure changes can be avoided.

[0099] 4. Local overheating and local overpressure occur simultaneously in reaction zone 13.

[0100] The system maintains the current aperture setting for the current partition and enters conflict verification mode: it continues to collect temperature, pressure, and position data for this partition and adjacent partitions, extends the stable monitoring time, and determines whether the abnormality persists; if the pressure deviation reaches the alarm threshold or the signal validity is abnormal, it enters early warning mode; if the pressure subsequently recovers to the allowable range but the temperature remains high, the adjustment opening is increased by one level according to the temperature priority principle; if the temperature recovers uniformly but the pressure remains high, the adjustment opening is decreased by one level according to the pressure auxiliary correction principle. After each effective action is completed, the position sensor confirms the position and performs a recheck after a delay of τ_s until the temperature, pressure, and position simultaneously meet the set criteria. This processing method avoids repeated switching of the same adjustment plate 41 due to temperature and pressure judgment conflicts.

[0101] During the conflict verification process, the controller simultaneously checks whether the changes in the five longitudinal temperature detection units 2 of the partition are continuous and compares whether adjacent partitions show changes in the same direction. If only a single temperature detection unit 2 changes abruptly within a single sampling period, and the other measurement points in the same column and adjacent columns do not change synchronously, it is preferentially judged as a suspicious signal and the regulating plate 41 is not triggered. If the transverse temperature difference and the column temperature rise rate are abnormal and remain in the same direction for multiple consecutive sampling periods, the reliability of the temperature judgment is increased, and the pressure exceeding the limit is used as the execution permission condition, instead of making the temperature and pressure independently control the same regulating plate 41.

[0102] V. The transverse temperature difference in reaction zone 13 is normal, but the longitudinal temperature rise rate is abnormal.

[0103] To illustrate that the column orientation criterion can detect anomalies that are difficult to identify using only same-row comparisons, assume that each adjacent temperature detection unit 2 uses the same normalized longitudinal interval Δy. Based on 10 columns and 5 temperature detection units 2 per column, the temperature rise rate of each column is calculated as follows: =[0.20, 0.21, 0.19, 0.22, 0.18, 0.31, 0.09, 0.42, [0.02, 0.20]℃ / Δy, then the overall average temperature rise rate =0.20℃ / Δy. Therefore, the relative temperature rise rate deviations in columns 6, 7, 8, and 9 are respectively... R6 = +55%, R 7= 55%, R 8 = +110% R 9= 110%. Then, increase the first-level adjustment opening in zone 6, decrease the first-level adjustment opening in zone 7, increase the second-level adjustment opening in zone 8, and decrease the second-level adjustment opening in zone 9; the remaining zones maintain their current settings. Taking column 8 as an example, if the temperatures of the five temperature detection units 2 show a continuous upward trend of 70.00, 70.42, 70.84, 71.26, and 71.68℃ respectively, then their temperature rise rate is significantly higher than the overall average level, and they can be identified as zones with excessively rapid cumulative temperature rise along the flow direction. After adjustment, recheck in the order of position confirmation—delay—re-collection until -50% ≤ R i If the concentration is ≤50%, the system will enter a coordinated control mode between adjacent zones.

[0104] Six: Coordinated control of adjacent partitions after an abnormal partition reaches its limit.

[0105] When the horizontal temperature of the i-th partition is high and R i If the system has progressively adjusted the partition to its maximum level (>100%) but has failed to recover after repeated checks, the controller will read... i 1. i Temperature and pressure in zone +1. If adjacent zones satisfy -δ T _lim≤δ T i,j ≤δ T _lim、-50%≤ R i If the flow rate is ≤50% and the pressure is normal, the flow distribution orifice 11 of the abnormal zone will be kept at its maximum opening. Priority will be given to reducing the opening of adjacent zones with relatively lower temperatures and larger pressure margins by one level, so that the flow distribution on the common inlet side shifts towards the abnormal zone. If the abnormal zone is at a low temperature and already at its minimum setting, the opening of adjacent zones that meet the conditions will be increased by one level. After the coordinated action, all δ values ​​will be recalculated. T i,j and R i If the δ of any adjacent partition T i,j and R i If the condition exceeds the allowed range, the coordinated action of the adjacent partition will be canceled and another partition that meets the conditions will be selected or an alarm will be issued.

[0106] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0107] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0108] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0109] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrolytic cell current equalization and control system, characterized in that, include: The electrolytic cell body has a reaction zone and at least two flow distribution holes. The at least two flow distribution holes are arranged in a row at intervals on one side of the reaction zone and are both used to allow electrolyte to enter the reaction zone. Each flow distribution hole is provided with a flow regulation module. The temperature detection module includes multiple temperature detection units arranged in an array within the reaction zone. The number of temperature detection units in each row is consistent with the number of flow distribution holes, and their positions are set in a one-to-one correspondence. The controller is connected to the flow regulation module and the multiple temperature detection units respectively, and is configured to: Acquire detection data from multiple temperature detection units; The temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit is determined based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units, and the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units is determined based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its column. If at least one of the temperature deviation values ​​of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of its corresponding column will be controlled to adjust its opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone can be restored to uniformity.

2. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the temperature deviation value for each temperature detection unit based on the detection data of each row of temperature detection units includes: Obtain the first calculation formula, and substitute the detection data of each row of temperature detection units into the first calculation formula to calculate the temperature deviation value of each temperature detection unit. The first calculation formula is expressed as: ； In the formula, This represents the temperature deviation value of the temperature detection unit in the i-th column and j-th row. This represents the detection data of the temperature detection unit in the i-th column and j-th row. This represents the average temperature measured by the temperature detection unit in the j-th row.

3. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units based on the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its column includes: Obtain the second calculation formula, and substitute the detection data of each column of temperature detection units and the position of each temperature detection unit in its respective column into the second calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise rate of each column of temperature detection units. The second calculation formula is expressed as: ； In the formula, Indicates the first i Liede j The temperature detection data from the outlet's temperature detection unit, Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, Indicates the first i Liede j The vertical axis of the temperature detection unit in the row, Indicates the first i The average ordinate of the temperature detection units in the column, Indicates the first i The average temperature measured by the temperature detection unit of the column; Obtain the third calculation formula and substitute the calculated temperature rise rate of all columns into the third calculation formula to calculate the temperature rise deviation rate of each column of temperature detection units. The third calculation formula is expressed as follows: | |； In the formula, Indicates the first i The temperature rise deviation rate of the column Indicates the first i The temperature rise rate of the column, This represents the average temperature rise rate calculated based on the temperature rise rates of all columns.

4. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When at least one data point of the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of its corresponding column is controlled to adjust its opening degree so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity. This includes: If the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, the first adjustment opening is determined based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the corresponding temperature deviation value. When the adjustment directions of the first and second adjustment openings are consistent, the larger of the two values ​​is used to control the flow adjustment module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column to adjust the opening, so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity.

5. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps of determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value include: The temperature rise deviation rate is compared with a preset deviation rate range, and the first adjustment opening is determined based on the comparison result. The preset deviation rate range includes a first positive value range corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and a first negative value range corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening. The corresponding temperature deviation value is compared with the preset deviation value range, and the second adjustment opening is determined based on the comparison result. The preset deviation value range includes the maximum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and the minimum temperature difference threshold corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening.

6. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset deviation rate range also includes a second positive value range corresponding to the increase of the adjustment opening and a second negative value range corresponding to the decrease of the adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the first positive value range and the first negative value range is a first-level adjustment opening, and the first adjustment opening corresponding to the second positive value range and the second negative value range is a second-level adjustment opening. The step of comparing the corresponding temperature deviation value with a preset deviation value range and determining the second adjustment opening based on the comparison result includes: Compare the corresponding temperature deviation value with the preset deviation value range; If the maximum temperature difference threshold is greater than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be an increase of the first-level adjustment opening; If the minimum temperature difference threshold is less than the preset deviation range, the second adjustment opening is determined to be a reduction of the first-level adjustment opening.

7. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the temperature deviation value of any temperature detection unit and the temperature rise deviation rate of its corresponding column both exceed the corresponding preset threshold, after determining the first adjustment opening based on the temperature rise deviation rate and the second adjustment opening based on the corresponding temperature deviation value, the method further includes: When the adjustment directions of the first adjustment opening and the second adjustment opening are opposite, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column is controlled to maintain the current opening. Determine the validity of the signals in the detection data; If the signal is confirmed to be valid, the detection interval of the temperature detection unit is extended.

8. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, After acquiring the detection data from multiple temperature detection units, the process further includes: Determine the temperature range measured by each row of temperature detection units; If the temperature range exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two temperature detection units with the calculated temperature range will be identified as the high temperature detection unit and the low temperature detection unit in the row. When the temperature deviation of the high temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column to which it belongs is controlled to open to the maximum opening degree, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column to increase the opening degree. When the temperature deviation of the low-temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column is controlled to open to the minimum opening degree, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column is controlled to reduce the opening degree.

9. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, After determining the two temperature detection units with calculated temperature differences as the high-temperature detection unit and the low-temperature detection unit in the row when the temperature difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the method further includes: If the temperature deviation of the high temperature detection unit is greater than the maximum temperature difference threshold, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the column is opened to the maximum degree, control the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column to reduce the opening degree. When the temperature deviation of the low-temperature detection unit is less than the minimum temperature difference threshold, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the corresponding column is opened to the minimum degree, the flow regulation module corresponding to the temperature detection unit of the adjacent column is controlled to increase the opening degree.

10. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system further includes a pressure detection module, which comprises at least two pressure detection units arranged in a row between adjacent rows of temperature detection units. The controller is signal-connected to at least two pressure detection units and configured to: Acquire the detection data for each pressure detection unit; The pressure deviation value of each pressure detection unit is determined based on the detection data of all pressure detection units; If the pressure deviation value of any pressure detection unit exceeds the corresponding preset threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to that pressure detection unit is controlled to adjust its opening so that the flow field in the reaction zone is restored to uniformity.

11. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to claim 10, characterized in that, After acquiring the detection data of each pressure detection unit, the process includes: Determine the pressure range; When the pressure difference exceeds the corresponding allowable threshold, the two pressure detection units that calculate the pressure difference are identified as the high-pressure detection unit and the low-pressure detection unit. When the pressure deviation value of the high-pressure detection unit is less than the minimum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the high-pressure detection unit is controlled to open to the maximum opening degree, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit is controlled to increase the opening degree. When the pressure deviation of the low-pressure detection unit exceeds the maximum differential pressure threshold, the flow regulation module corresponding to the low-pressure detection unit is controlled to close the flow distribution orifice, and the flow regulation module corresponding to the adjacent pressure detection unit is controlled to reduce its opening.

12. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, At least two of the flow distribution holes are set to have the same diameter, and the distance between two adjacent flow distribution holes is set to gradually decrease in the direction from the center region toward the edge region.

13. The electrolytic cell current equalization and control system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The flow regulation module includes an adjustment plate and a driving component. The adjustment plate is vertically mounted on the electrolytic cell body and located on the extension path of the flow distribution hole. The adjustment plate is provided with a closing plate portion and at least two adjustment holes at intervals along the height direction. The diameters of the at least two adjustment holes are all different. The driving component is provided on the electrolytic cell body and is used to drive the adjustment plate to move up and down, so that the closing plate portion or one of the adjustment holes is directly opposite the flow distribution hole.

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