Large-temperature-difference seamless line buffer section self-adapting telescopic structure

Abstract

The application discloses a large-temperature-difference seamless line buffer section self-adapting expansion structure and belongs to the field of railway track engineering, which comprises sleeper support adjusting components laid in the expansion area of the bottom of the track bed in the seamless line along the longitudinal direction of the line and graded elastic fasteners fixed on the sleeper support adjusting components. The sleeper support adjusting components comprise sliding sleepers and fixed sleepers, one sliding sleeper is arranged every several fixed sleepers, the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper is paved with a low-friction sliding plate, and the sliding sleeper can slide along the longitudinal direction of the steel rail relative to the track bed. The graded elastic fasteners comprise a fixed area, multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections, a roller contact section, a balance section and a roller. The multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections directly and rigidly adhere to the rail bottom to bear the vertical load of the train, and the roller rolls in contact with the rail bottom when the steel rail slides longitudinally at an extreme temperature. The application can uniformly release the temperature stress of the steel rail, self-adaptingly adjust the sliding resistance and adapt to long-term stable operation of the railway with large temperature difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of railway track engineering, specifically relating to an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a seamless track buffer section with large temperature difference. Background Technology

[0002] Seamless tracks consist of three sections: a fixed zone, an expansion zone, and a buffer zone. They rely on welded long rails to improve ride smoothness and are the mainstream track type for modern railways. In regions like the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other frigid northern areas with annual temperature differences exceeding 80°C, the thermal stress generated by the rail's expansion and contraction is significantly amplified. Traditional tracks use fixed lightweight sleepers within the expansion zone, where the sleepers and track bed rely on the interlocking of crushed stones to create immense longitudinal resistance. This prevents the rail's expansion and contraction from being evenly released along the expansion zone, with most of the deformation being converted into extremely high tensile and compressive stress within the rail. Under high-temperature conditions, this internal compressive stress can easily cause lateral bulging and track bulging of the rail; in extremely cold environments, enormous tensile stress concentrates at weak points such as rail welds and bolt holes, significantly increasing the risk of brittle fracture and seriously threatening train operation safety.

[0003] The existing expansion joints are all equipped with single-stiffness elastic fasteners, with the fasteners and rail base in sliding friction contact using steel. There is no automatic adjustment capability for longitudinal constraint resistance under normal and extreme temperatures. Simultaneously, the sleepers in the expansion joints are completely locked, and the rails can only experience slight slippage in a small section near the buffer zone. All accumulated expansion deformation in the entire expansion joint is concentrated at the fishplate joint at the end. To accommodate large expansion differences, 8-12mm ultra-large rail gaps are required in areas with large temperature differences. In winter, excessive opening of the rail gap results in the rail end being suspended, leading to high stress concentration. In summer, the rail gap is prone to completely locking, and rigid compression further amplifies the internal stress of the rail. Furthermore, the wheel-rail impact vibration at the joint location is significant, leading to frequent defects such as rail end thickening, clamp cracks, and loose bolts. The maintenance frequency and operation and maintenance costs of lines in high-altitude and cold regions are significantly higher than those of ordinary temperate zones.

[0004] In summary, existing seamless track technologies suffer from stress concentration and rail expansion / breakage issues in high-altitude, cold regions with large temperature differences. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of stress concentration, rail expansion, and rail breakage in existing seamless track technologies, particularly in high-altitude, cold regions with large temperature differences.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a buffer section of a seamless track with a large temperature difference, comprising a sleeper support and adjustment assembly laid longitudinally along the track and at the bottom of the track bed in the expansion and contraction zone of the seamless track, and graded elastic fasteners fixed on the sleeper support and adjustment assembly.

[0007] The sleeper support and adjustment assembly includes a sliding sleeper and a fixed sleeper. A sliding sleeper is set at intervals of several fixed sleepers. The bottom surface of the sliding sleeper is covered with a low-friction sliding plate. The sliding sleeper can slide longitudinally relative to the track bed along the direction of the rail.

[0008] The graded elastic fastener includes a fixed section, multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections, roller contact sections, and balance sections respectively disposed on both sides of the fixed section and in contact with the rail, as well as rollers disposed inside the roller contact sections; the multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 rigidly adhere to the rail base under normal conditions, independently bearing the vertical load of the train and providing longitudinal constraint; the rollers maintain a light contact limit with the rail base under normal conditions; when extreme temperatures cause longitudinal slippage of the rail, the graded elastic fasteners protrude outwards due to the change in bending angle caused by temperature deformation, forming rolling contact with the rail base to reduce slippage resistance.

[0009] Preferably, the graded elastic fastener is integrally formed by bending a rigid rod.

[0010] Preferably, the roller contact section is disposed between two pressure-bearing contact sections; the roller contact section is a groove structure formed by bending a fastener, the roller is assembled in the groove structure, and the outer wall of the roller abuts against the side of the rail together with the pressure-bearing contact section.

[0011] Furthermore, the roller includes a support shaft and two discs, with the two discs respectively fixedly and coaxially connected to both ends of the support shaft, and the support shaft being snapped into the groove of the roller contact section.

[0012] Furthermore, a ball bearing is coaxially sleeved on the support shaft, and the outer wall of the ball bearing abuts against the inner wall of the groove of the roller contact section.

[0013] Preferably, a metal abutment slide is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the sliding bolster, and the metal abutment slide extends along the length of the rail.

[0014] Preferably, the sleeper support adjustment assembly further includes a displacement limiter;

[0015] The displacement limiter includes a fixed stop embedded in the track bed and a limiting protrusion fixed to the end of the sliding bolster. A longitudinal sliding gap is reserved between the fixed stop and the limiting protrusion to limit the maximum sliding stroke of the sliding bolster.

[0016] Furthermore, the longitudinal sliding gap ranges from 30 to 50 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the sleeper support adjustment assembly further includes an elastic reset assembly fixed on the low-friction sliding plate;

[0018] The elastic reset assembly includes multiple disc spring groups, each arranged along the length of the rail. One end of each disc spring group is fixed to the low-friction sliding plate, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the sliding bolster, for driving the sliding bolster to automatically reset.

[0019] Preferably, multiple partition plates are vertically fixed to the upper surface of the low-friction sliding plate. The partition plates surround the sliding bolster to prevent ballast from intruding into the sliding gap between the sliding bolster and the low-friction sliding plate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention provides an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for the buffer section of a seamless track with large temperature differences. By arranging standard fixed sleepers and sliding sleepers within the adaptive expansion and contraction section, and installing a low-friction sliding plate on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper, the longitudinal sliding resistance between the sliding sleeper and the track bed is effectively reduced. This allows the temperature deformation of the rail to be evenly released through the overall sliding of the sleeper, avoiding the accumulation of concentrated temperature stress. Simultaneously, a graded elastic fastener with multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections and roller contact sections is used. The pressure-bearing contact sections rigidly adhere to the rail base to stably bear the vertical load of the train, ensuring the overall constraint stiffness and operational stability of the track under normal conditions. Under extreme temperature difference conditions, the roller contact sections form a low-friction rolling contact, significantly reducing the longitudinal sliding resistance of the rail and achieving adaptive switching of track constraint resistance. This effectively solves the problems of rail expansion, rail breakage, and insufficient stress release in seamless tracks under large temperature difference environments, significantly improving the service stability and environmental adaptability of seamless tracks in areas with large temperature differences. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the sliding light pillow in an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement limiter in an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the low-friction sliding plate in the adaptive telescopic structure of a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the graded elastic fastener in an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the roller structure in an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] In the attached diagram: 11 is a sliding bolster; 111 is a metal contact plate; 12 is a fixed bolster; 2 is a low-friction plate; 21 is a dividing plate; 3 is a graded elastic fastener; 31 is a pressure-bearing contact section; 32 is a roller contact section; 33 is a balancing section; 34 is a fixed section; 41 is a support shaft; 42 is a wheel; 43 is a ball bearing; 5 is a displacement limiter; 51 is a fixed stop; 52 is a limiting protrusion; 6 is an elastic reset assembly; 61 is a disc spring assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0034] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0035] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0036] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0037] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] An embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a sleeper support and adjustment assembly laid longitudinally along the track at the bottom of the expansion joint of the seamless track and graded elastic fasteners 3 fixed on the sleeper support and adjustment assembly.

[0041] The sleeper support and adjustment assembly includes a sliding sleeper 11 and a fixed sleeper 12. A sliding sleeper 11 is set every few fixed sleepers 12. The bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11 is covered with a low-friction sliding plate 2. The sliding sleeper 11 can slide longitudinally relative to the track bed along the direction of the rail.

[0042] The graded elastic fastener 3 includes a fixed section 34, multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31, roller contact sections 32, and balance sections 33 respectively disposed on both sides of the fixed section 34 and in contact with the rail, and rollers disposed inside the roller contact sections 32. The multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 directly and rigidly adhere to the rail base to bear the vertical load of the train. Under normal conditions, the rollers maintain a light contact limit with the rail base. When extreme temperatures cause longitudinal slippage of the rail, the graded elastic fastener 3 protrudes outward due to the change in bending angle caused by temperature deformation, forming a rolling contact with the rail base to reduce slippage resistance.

[0043] An adaptive expansion joint structure for a seamless track buffer section with large temperature difference includes a fixed zone, an adaptive expansion zone, and a buffer zone arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the track. The adaptive expansion zone is laid with rails, and sleepers are installed beneath the rails. Within the adaptive expansion zone, the sleepers include sliding sleepers 11 and fixed sleepers 12, with one sliding sleeper 11 for every 3-5 fixed sleepers 12. A low-friction sliding plate 2 is laid on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11, allowing it to slide longitudinally relative to the track bed along the rail direction. The rails within the adaptive expansion zone are equipped with graded elastic fasteners 3, each with multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 and roller contact sections 32 that contact the rails. The multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 directly and rigidly adhere to the rail base to bear the vertical load of the train. The graded elastic fasteners 3 are integrally formed by bending a rigid rod, with specific bending angles formed between their pressure-bearing contact sections 31, roller contact sections 32, balancing sections 33, and fixed sections 34. Under normal operating conditions, the roller is installed in the groove of the roller contact section 32, and the outer wall of the roller is in light contact or with a small gap with the bottom of the rail. At this time, the vertical load of the train is completely borne by the rigid pressure contact section 31, and the roller only plays an auxiliary lateral limiting role and does not participate in the bearing.

[0044] When the ambient temperature changes to a set threshold (such as extreme conditions where the annual temperature difference exceeds 60℃), the rail generates significant longitudinal temperature stress due to thermal expansion and contraction, driving the rail and sliding sleeper 11 to tend to slide longitudinally. Simultaneously, the graded elastic fastener 3, made of integral rigid members, undergoes adaptive changes in its bending angles at each bend due to material thermal expansion and contraction and longitudinal stress transmission: the effective depth of the groove in the roller contact section 32 decreases, pushing the roller to protrude slightly outward, increasing the vertical clamping force between the roller and the rail base. At this time, during longitudinal rail sliding, the roller changes from a static friction state to a rolling friction state, significantly reducing sliding resistance and achieving uniform release of temperature stress.

[0045] This deformation mechanism requires no additional mechanical drive device or electronic control system. It relies entirely on the material properties and structural design of the fastener itself to achieve temperature self-adaptation. While ensuring the stability of the track structure under normal conditions, it automatically activates the rolling drag reduction function only when needed (extreme temperature, large longitudinal stress).

[0046] This invention effectively reduces the longitudinal sliding resistance between the sliding sleeper 11 and the track bed by arranging fixed sleepers 12 and sliding sleepers 11 within the adaptive expansion zone, and by setting a low-friction sliding plate 2 on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11. This allows the temperature deformation of the rail to be released evenly through the overall sliding of the sleepers, avoiding the accumulation of concentrated temperature stress. At the same time, a graded elastic fastener 3 with multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 and roller contact sections 32 is used. The pressure-bearing contact sections 31 rigidly adhere to the rail base to stably bear the vertical load of the train, ensuring the overall constraint stiffness and driving stability of the track under normal conditions. Only under extreme temperature difference conditions does the roller contact section 32 form a low-friction rolling contact, which significantly reduces the longitudinal sliding resistance of the rail and realizes the adaptive switching of track constraint resistance. This effectively solves the problems of rail expansion, rail breakage, and insufficient stress release in seamless tracks under large temperature difference environments, and significantly improves the service stability and environmental adaptability of seamless tracks in large temperature difference areas.

[0047] Under extreme temperature conditions, the rail tends to slip longitudinally. At this time, the rollers bulge outwards due to the temperature deformation of the graded elastic fasteners 3, forming rolling contact with the rail base. The bearing contact section 31 maintains a rigid fit with the rail base, but the sliding friction between it and the rail base is no longer the determining factor of longitudinal slip resistance—because the rolling friction coefficient of the rollers is much smaller than the sliding friction coefficient of the bearing contact section 31, the rail preferentially moves along the rolling direction of the rollers during longitudinal slip, and the equivalent longitudinal slip resistance is dominated by the rolling friction of the rollers. The bearing contact section 31 mainly plays a vertical bearing and lateral limiting role in this process; its longitudinal sliding friction exists only as residual resistance and does not affect the overall low-friction release effect.

[0048] In some embodiments, a metal abutment plate 111 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11, and the metal abutment plate 111 extends along the length of the rail. Thus, the metal abutment plate 111 is laid completely along the rail direction on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11, forming a continuous and flat sliding contact surface, evenly distributing the compressive load on the sleeper. Simultaneously, the metal plate surface reduces the coefficient of friction between the sleeper and the track bed, ensuring that the sliding sleeper 11 can smoothly complete longitudinal displacement, avoiding sleeper offset and jamming caused by uneven local frictional resistance, and stably achieving the function of dispersing and releasing rail temperature stress.

[0049] In some embodiments, the graded elastic fastener 3 is formed by bending an integral rigid rod. The "graded" meaning of "graded elastic fastener 3" is as follows: Under normal conditions, multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 act as primary constraint units, independently bearing the vertical load of the train and providing longitudinal constraint through rigid sliding friction; under extreme temperature conditions, the roller is activated as a secondary constraint unit, sharing the vertical load with the pressure-bearing contact sections 31, but the longitudinal sliding resistance is mainly determined by the rolling friction of the roller, while the sliding friction of the pressure-bearing contact sections 31 becomes secondary. This achieves an adaptive graded switching of the longitudinal constraint resistance of the track from a high-friction state to a low-friction state, ensuring the stability of the train under normal conditions and meeting the stress release requirements under extreme temperatures. The graded elastic fastener 3 is provided with a pressure-bearing contact section 31 that fits against the bottom of the rail, a roller contact section 32, several balancing sections 33 that abut against the rail side pads, and a fixing section 34 for assembly and fixation with the sliding sleeper 11. Therefore, the integrated structure formed by bending the entire rod improves the overall structural strength and integrity of the graded elastic fastener 3, reducing the risk of loosening and fatigue failure of the separate connections. By dividing the fastener into pressure-bearing contact section 31, roller contact section 32, balancing section 33, and fixing section 34, the fastener's functional zoning and force path are clearly defined. The pressure-bearing contact section 31 reliably bears the vertical load of the rail, the balancing section 33 ensures the fastener's assembly stability and force balance, and the fixing section 34 achieves a stable assembly between the fastener and the sliding sleeper 11. In conjunction with the roller contact section 32, it can adapt to the rail's temperature slippage requirements, meeting the requirements for adaptive expansion and contraction adjustment of the rail on lines with large temperature differences while ensuring the overall stability of the track.

[0050] In some embodiments, the roller contact section 32 is disposed between two pressure-bearing contact sections 31; the roller contact section 32 is a groove structure formed by bending a fastener, and the roller is assembled in the groove structure, with the outer wall of the roller abutting against the side of the rail together with the pressure-bearing contact section 31. Thus, the roller contact section 32 is integrated between the two sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31, and the groove structure formed by bending a fastener achieves embedded assembly of the roller, resulting in high structural integration, small space occupation, and strong overall stability. The outer wall of the roller and the pressure-bearing contact section 31 jointly adhere to the rail, which can maintain the rail's contact and limiting effect under normal conditions, ensuring the stability of the track structure; under extreme temperature conditions, the roller arranged in the middle can provide rolling support for the longitudinal sliding of the rail, effectively avoiding the problem of rigid structure jamming, and smoothly adapting to the longitudinal displacement of the rail due to thermal expansion and contraction without affecting the vertical load-bearing capacity and limiting accuracy of the track, thus improving the structure's adaptive expansion and contraction performance.

[0051] In some embodiments, the roller includes a support shaft 41 and two discs 42. The two discs 42 are respectively and coaxially fixedly connected to both ends of the support shaft 41. The support shaft 41 is snapped into the groove of the roller contact section 32. Thus, the double discs 42 and the support shaft 41 are coaxially fixed to form an integral roller structure with high coaxiality and uniform force distribution, effectively avoiding problems such as uneven wear and jamming failure of the roller on one side. The support shaft 41 is snapped into the groove of the fastener, resulting in a stable assembly structure and high positioning accuracy, effectively limiting the radial and lateral offset of the roller and ensuring that the roller always maintains a stable rolling posture. This structure is easy to assemble, has strong integrity, and can continuously provide stable rolling support for the longitudinal expansion and contraction of the rail, ensuring smooth and reliable operation of the rail's adaptive expansion and contraction under large temperature difference conditions.

[0052] In some embodiments, a ball bearing 43 is coaxially sleeved on the support shaft 41, and the outer wall of the ball bearing 43 abuts against the inner wall of the groove in the roller contact section 32. Thus, the ball bearing 43, coaxially sleeved on the support shaft 41 and in close contact with the inner wall of the groove, can convert the sliding friction between the roller and the fastener groove into high-precision rolling friction, significantly reducing the roller's rotational resistance. This effectively reduces mechanical loss and the probability of jamming during longitudinal sliding of the rail under extreme temperatures, improves the sensitivity and synchronization of roller rotation, disperses the force on the shaft, reduces wear on the support shaft 41, extends the service life of the overall roller structure, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the fastener's adaptive telescopic function.

[0053] In some embodiments, displacement limiters 5 are respectively provided at both ends of the adaptive expansion and contraction zone. Each displacement limiter 5 includes a fixed stop 51 pre-embedded in the track bed and a limiting protrusion 52 extending from the end of the sliding bolster 11. A longitudinal sliding gap of 30-50mm is reserved between the fixed stop 51 and the limiting protrusion 52 to limit the maximum sliding stroke of the sliding bolster 11. Thus, the displacement limiter 5, through the fixed stop 51 pre-embedded in the track bed and the limiting protrusion 52 at the end of the sliding bolster 11, forms a limiting structure. Utilizing the 30-50mm longitudinal sliding gap between them, the maximum sliding stroke of the sliding bolster 11 can be precisely limited. This not only meets the expansion and contraction displacement requirements of the rail under large temperature differences, ensuring normal release of temperature stress, but also effectively avoids problems such as track gauge deviation, structural misalignment, and loose connections caused by excessive sliding of the sliding bolster 11. It provides a safety constraint on the sliding range of the adaptive expansion and contraction zone, ensuring the overall stability and safety of the track structure during the adaptive adjustment process.

[0054] In some embodiments, the low-friction sliding plate 2 is provided with an elastic reset component 6 for driving the sliding sleeper 11 to automatically reset. The elastic reset component 6 includes multiple sets of disc springs 61, each set of disc springs 61 arranged along the length of the rail. One end of each disc spring 61 is locked to the low-friction sliding plate 2, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11. Thus, multiple sets of disc springs 61 arranged longitudinally along the rail are integrated on the low-friction sliding plate 2. Relying on the assembly structure with one end locked and the other end abutting against the bottom surface of the sleeper, stable energy storage can be completed during the sliding sleeper 11's expansion and contraction with the rail. After the rail temperature recovers and the longitudinal constraint force of the rail weakens, the disc springs 61 can release elastic thrust to drive the sliding sleeper 11 to automatically reset. The position of the sleeper and rail can be returned to its original position without manual intervention, effectively maintaining the initial track laying state, reducing manual stress release and track maintenance frequency, and simultaneously conforming to the working stroke of the sliding structure to ensure the cyclical stable operation of the adaptive expansion and contraction structure.

[0055] In some embodiments, multiple partition plates 21 are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the low-friction sliding plate 2. These partition plates 21 are used to prevent ballast from intruding into the sliding gap between the sliding saddle 11 and the low-friction sliding plate 2. Thus, the multiple partition plates 21 vertically arranged on the low-friction sliding plate 2 can effectively block the surrounding ballast, preventing ballast, gravel, and debris from intruding into the sliding gap between the sliding saddle 11 and the low-friction sliding plate 2. This effectively avoids the problem of debris accumulating and jamming the sliding saddle 11, increasing sliding resistance, ensuring the smoothness and stability of the longitudinal sliding of the sliding saddle 11, eliminating malfunctions such as expansion failure and inability to properly release stress caused by debris interference, significantly improving the reliability of the structure and reducing the amount of track maintenance and cleaning work.

[0056] The following is for reference. Figures 1-6 This invention describes an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference.

[0057] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. (Reference) Figure 1As shown in this embodiment, the adaptive expansion and contraction structure of a seamless track buffer section with large temperature difference includes a fixed area, an adaptive expansion and contraction area, and a buffer zone arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction of the track. Rails are laid in the adaptive expansion and contraction area, and sleepers are arranged below the rails. The sleepers in the adaptive expansion and contraction area are divided into sliding sleepers 11 and fixed sleepers. One sliding sleeper 11 is provided for every 3 to 5 fixed sleepers. A low-friction sliding plate 2 is laid on the bottom surface of the sliding sleeper 11, allowing the sliding sleeper 11 to slide longitudinally relative to the track bed along the rail direction. The rails in the adaptive expansion and contraction area are equipped with graded elastic fasteners 3. The graded elastic fasteners 3 have multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 and roller contact sections 32 that contact the rails. The multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31 rigidly adhere to the rail base to bear the vertical load of the train, and the rollers can form rolling contact with the rail base when the rails slip longitudinally under extreme temperature conditions.

[0058] The fixed zone, adaptive expansion zone, and buffer zone are three sections arranged longitudinally along the seamless track buffer section, forming a three-section main structure that works together to constitute the track temperature deformation regulation system. The fixed zone is the conventional stable section of the track, maintaining a fixed and constrained state. It primarily serves to maintain the basic alignment and overall stability of the track, providing a fixed support benchmark. The adaptive expansion zone connects the fixed zone and the buffer zone and is the core section for adaptively releasing temperature stress. Inside this section, fixed sleepers 12 and sliding sleepers 11 are installed, along with low-friction sliding plates 2 and graded elastic fasteners 3 to form a sliding and adjustable structure, adapting to the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the rails. The buffer zone is located at the end of the overall structure and works with the adaptive expansion zone to absorb residual expansion displacement, buffering the compressive and tensile forces generated by rail expansion and contraction, and alleviating stress concentration at the end of the section. The rails are laid above the adaptive expansion zone, supported by the bottom sleepers, and fixed by the graded elastic fasteners 3, adapting to the various operating conditions of the track by combining the structural characteristics of different sections.

[0059] This structure, by arranging different types of sleepers in zones and combining them with low-friction sliding plates 2 to reduce the sliding resistance of the sliding sleepers 11, allows the temperature deformation generated by the rails to be dispersed and released through sleeper sliding, alleviating the problem of temperature stress concentration on the track. Simultaneously, the graded elastic fasteners 3 work in coordination through functional zones, stably bearing the vertical load of the train under normal conditions, ensuring basic track operation. Under extreme temperature conditions, the roller structure reduces the rail sliding resistance, adapting to the expansion and contraction requirements of the rails in environments with large temperature differences, thus improving the adaptability and operational stability of seamless tracks under conditions of large temperature variations.

[0060] In some embodiments, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the bottom of the sliding bolster 11 in an adaptive telescopic structure for a large temperature difference seamless circuit buffer section according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. (See reference) Figure 2As shown, a metal abutment slide plate 111 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the sliding bolster 11, and the metal abutment slide plate 111 extends along the length of the rail.

[0061] This structure mainly includes two core components: a sliding bolster 11 and a metal contact plate 111. The sliding bolster 11 is a track support component that can slide longitudinally along the track and can cooperate with the rail to complete temperature expansion and contraction adjustment. The metal contact plate 111 is a long strip-shaped metal sliding component that is fixedly attached to the bottom surface of the sliding bolster 11 and is laid out along the extension direction of the rail. It cooperates with the lower track bed structure to form the sliding interface of the sliding bolster 11.

[0062] The metal contact plate 111 adopts an integral extension layout, which can form a continuous and complete sliding contact surface at the bottom of the sliding sleeper 11. It can evenly bear the force of the sleeper, improve the bottom contact state, reduce the frictional resistance during the longitudinal sliding process of the sliding sleeper 11, assist the sliding sleeper 11 to smoothly complete the longitudinal displacement adjustment, facilitate the stable release of rail temperature stress, and adapt to the expansion and contraction work requirements of seamless tracks with large temperature differences.

[0063] In some embodiments, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the displacement limiter 5 in an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. (See reference) Figure 3 As shown, displacement limiters 5 are provided at both ends of the adaptive expansion zone. The displacement limiter 5 includes a fixed stop 51 embedded in the track bed and a limiting protrusion 52 extending from the end of the sliding bolster 11. A longitudinal sliding gap of 30~50mm is reserved between the fixed stop 51 and the limiting protrusion 52 to limit the maximum sliding stroke of the sliding bolster 11.

[0064] The displacement limiter 5 is a limiting protection structure arranged at both ends of the adaptive expansion zone. It mainly consists of two parts: a fixed stop 51 and a limiting protrusion 52. The fixed stop 51 is pre-embedded inside the track bed and remains fixed. The limiting protrusion 52 extends integrally to the end of the sliding sleeper 11 and can move longitudinally synchronously with the sliding sleeper 11. The two correspond to each other and cooperate to reserve a gap space between the structures for the sleeper to slide, thus forming the sliding limiting structure of the sliding sleeper 11.

[0065] By setting displacement limiting structures at both ends of the adaptive expansion and contraction zone, a reasonable travel range can be provided for the longitudinal sliding of the sliding sleeper 11. This can adapt to the displacement changes caused by rail expansion and contraction under large temperature difference conditions, meet the basic requirements for track stress release, and at the same time, constrain the sliding amplitude of the sliding sleeper 11 to a certain extent, reduce the possibility of excessive sleeper slippage causing abnormal track structure conditions, and help maintain the overall structural stability of the adaptive expansion and contraction zone.

[0066] In some embodiments, Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the low-friction sliding plate 2 in an adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. (See reference) Figure 4 As shown, the low-friction slide plate 2 is provided with an elastic reset component 6 that can drive the sliding bolster 11 to automatically reset. The elastic reset component 6 includes multiple sets of disc springs 61. Each set of disc springs 61 is arranged along the length of the rail. One end of the disc springs 61 forms a limiting position with the low-friction slide plate 2, and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the sliding bolster 11.

[0067] The elastic reset assembly 6 is an elastic return structure mounted on the low-friction sliding plate 2. It mainly consists of multiple disc spring assemblies 61, which are elastic components with elastic deformation and rebound capabilities. Each disc spring assembly 61 is arranged neatly along the longitudinal direction of the line. It is fixed in position by locking with the low-friction sliding plate 2 at one end, and the other end is attached to the bottom surface of the sliding bolster 11. It can generate compression deformation as the sliding bolster 11 slides, forming a reset drive structure that cooperates with the low-friction sliding plate 2 and the sliding bolster 11.

[0068] The arrangement of multiple disc spring groups 61 can adapt to the longitudinal sliding movement of the sliding sleeper 11. When the sleeper is displaced due to the expansion and contraction of the rail, it generates compressed energy. After the rail temperature condition recovers, it releases the thrust through its own elastic rebound, driving the sliding sleeper 11 to gradually move back to its original position. It can assist the track structure to return to its initial state without additional manual operation. It can adapt to the repeated expansion and contraction conditions of lines with large temperature differences, which is conducive to improving the cyclic working stability of the adaptive expansion and contraction structure and reducing the daily maintenance workload of the line.

[0069] In some embodiments, multiple partition plates 21 are vertically arranged on the upper surface of the low-friction slide plate 2. These partition plates 21 can prevent ballast from intruding into the sliding gap between the sliding slab 11 and the low-friction slide plate 2. The partition plates 21 are protective structures that are vertically fixedly installed on the low-friction slide plate 2. The low-friction slide plate 2 is fixedly arranged at the track bed position and remains stationary. The partition plates 21 remain fixed with the low-friction slide plate 2 and are arranged around the sliding area of ​​the sliding slab 11. The sliding slab 11 slides longitudinally relative to the fixed low-friction slide plate 2 and the partition plates 21, so that the partition plates 21 form a fixed protective barrier outside the sliding gap.

[0070] The fixed partition plate 21 can continuously block the ballast and small debris in the track bed, reduce the probability of debris entering the sliding gap between the sliding bolster 11 and the low-friction sliding plate 2, reduce problems such as jamming of the sliding gap and increased frictional resistance, maintain the clean state of the sliding interface, ensure that the longitudinal expansion and contraction of the sliding bolster 11 proceeds smoothly, and enable the adaptive expansion and contraction structure to play a stable stress release role for a long time.

[0071] In some embodiments, Figure 5A schematic diagram of the graded elastic fastener 3 in an adaptive expansion and contraction structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with a large temperature difference, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. (See reference) Figure 5 As shown, the graded elastic fastener 3 is formed by bending an integral rigid rod. The graded elastic fastener 3 is provided with a pressure-bearing contact section 31 that fits against the bottom of the rail, a roller contact section 32, several balancing sections 33 that abut against the rail side pad, and a fixing area for assembling and fixing with the sliding bolster 11.

[0072] The graded elastic fastener 3 is an integral track fastening component formed by bending, and is manufactured entirely from rigid rods with no separate splices. The pressure-bearing contact section 31 and the roller contact section 32 are located at the upper part of the fastener for contact and engagement with the bottom of the rail; the balancing section 33 is located on the side of the fastener and can abut against and limit the movement of the rail side pad; the fixing area is the bottom assembly position of the fastener, used to install and fix the fastener to the sliding bolster 11. All functional areas are integrally formed and cooperate with each other to form a complete fastener constraint structure.

[0073] The integrated rod bending structure can improve the overall structural integrity of the graded elastic fastener 3, reduce the possibility of loosening and failure of the split structure, and the multi-area functional zoning layout can meet the usage requirements of rail load-bearing, sliding adaptation, lateral balance and structural fixation respectively. This allows the fastener to adapt to the longitudinal expansion and contraction sliding conditions of the rail while ensuring the vertical load-bearing and lateral stability of the rail, which is conducive to the normal realization of the adaptive expansion and contraction function of the buffer section of the large temperature difference seamless line.

[0074] In some embodiments, the roller contact section 32 is arranged between two pressure-bearing contact sections 31. The roller contact section 32 is a groove structure formed by bending a fastener. The roller is assembled inside the groove structure, and the outer wall of the roller and the pressure-bearing contact section 31 together abut against the side of the rail. The pressure-bearing contact sections 31 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the roller contact section 32. The groove structure of the roller contact section 32 provides an internal installation space for the roller. The roller is assembled and fixed inside the groove structure and can rotate freely relative to the fastener. The outer surface of the roller and the two pressure-bearing contact sections 31 together fit against the side of the rail, forming a lateral limiting structure for the rail in cooperation with the overall structure of the fastener.

[0075] By embedding the roller between the two sets of pressure-bearing contact sections 31, the structural space of the fastener can be rationally utilized. Under normal operating conditions, the fastener relies on the pressure-bearing contact sections 31 to maintain a close and limited contact with the rail. When the ambient temperature changes, the fastener, made of rigid rods, will undergo slight deformation, and the bending angle will change slightly. The accommodating space of the groove will change accordingly, which can push the roller to protrude slightly outward, increasing the contact area between the roller and the rail. The range of rolling contact during longitudinal expansion and contraction of the rail is improved, and the frictional resistance is further reduced. While maintaining the lateral constraint of the rail, it better adapts to the expansion and contraction deformation of the rail, ensuring the normal operation of the track's adaptive expansion and contraction function.

[0076] In some embodiments, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the roller structure in an adaptive telescopic structure for a large temperature difference seamless circuit buffer section according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. (Reference) Figure 6 As shown, the roller includes a support shaft 41 and two discs 42. The two discs 42 are respectively fixedly and vertically coaxially to both ends of the support shaft 41. The support shaft 41 is snapped into the groove of the roller contact section 32. The support shaft 41 is the main load-bearing and positioning structure of the roller, and is snapped and fixed inside the groove of the roller contact section 32 to maintain the fixed position relative to the fastener. The two sets of discs 42 are coaxial and vertically fixed to both ends of the support shaft 41, and are assembled with the support shaft 41 to form an integrated roller structure. The whole can slide and rotate inside the groove with the rail to form a rolling contact relationship with the bottom of the rail.

[0077] The coaxial integrated roller structure, consisting of two end discs 42 and a central support shaft 41, helps ensure the coaxiality of the overall roller structure, resulting in more even force distribution and reducing the likelihood of uneven wear on one side. The snap-fit ​​assembly of the support shaft 41 stably defines the roller's installation position, reducing the possibility of misalignment or loosening during use. This ensures continuous and stable cooperation with the longitudinal expansion and contraction of the rail, guaranteeing the operational stability of the track's adaptive expansion and contraction structure under conditions of large temperature differences.

[0078] In some embodiments, a ball bearing 43 is coaxially sleeved on the support shaft 41, and the outer wall of the ball bearing 43 abuts against the inner wall of the groove in the roller contact section 32. The ball bearing 43 is a rotational auxiliary component sleeved on the outside of the support shaft 41. The ball bearing 43 and the support shaft 41 are coaxially arranged, and the ball bearing 43 is integrally assembled inside the groove of the roller contact section 32. Its outer wall forms a contact fit with the inner wall of the groove, so that the support shaft 41 and the two end discs 42 can rotate relative to the fastener groove by means of the ball bearing 43.

[0079] By coaxially installing a ball bearing 43 on the outside of the support shaft 41, the contact friction mode between the roller and the fastener groove can be changed, reducing the frictional resistance encountered by the roller during rotation. This allows the roller to have better rotational flexibility when the rail slides longitudinally, reducing structural wear and helping to maintain the long-term stable rotational performance of the roller, thus ensuring smooth rail expansion and contraction.

[0080] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A large temperature difference seamless line buffer section self-adapting telescopic structure, characterized in that, Includes a sleeper support and adjustment assembly laid longitudinally along the track at the bottom of the expansion joint track bed in the seamless track and graded elastic fasteners fixed on the sleeper support and adjustment assembly (3). The sleeper support adjustment assembly includes a sliding sleeper (11) and a fixed sleeper (12). A sliding sleeper (11) is set every few fixed sleepers (12). The bottom surface of the sliding sleeper (11) is covered with a low-friction sliding plate (2). The sliding sleeper (11) can slide longitudinally relative to the track bed along the direction of the rail. The graded elastic fastener (3) includes a fixed section (34), multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections (31), roller contact sections (32) and balance sections (33) respectively arranged on both sides of the fixed section (34) in contact with the rail, and rollers arranged inside the roller contact sections (32). Under normal conditions, the multiple sets of pressure-bearing contact sections (31) rigidly fit the rail base, independently bear the vertical load of the train and provide longitudinal constraints. Under normal conditions, the rollers maintain a light contact limit with the rail base. When the rail slips longitudinally due to extreme temperature, the graded elastic fastener (3) protrudes outward due to the change in bending angle caused by temperature deformation, forming a rolling contact with the rail base to reduce slip resistance.

2. The large temperature difference seamless line buffer section self-adapting expansion structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded elastic fastener (3) is formed by bending an integral rigid rod.

3. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roller contact section (32) is located between two pressure-bearing contact sections (31); the roller contact section (32) is a groove structure formed by bending a fastener, and the roller is assembled in the groove structure. The outer wall of the roller and the pressure-bearing contact section (31) abut against the side of the rail.

4. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 3, characterized in that, The roller includes a support shaft (41) and a disc (42). The two discs (42) are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the support shaft (41) perpendicularly and coaxially. The support shaft (41) is snapped into the groove of the roller contact section (32).

5. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 4, characterized in that, A ball bearing (43) is coaxially sleeved on the support shaft (41), and the outer wall of the ball bearing (43) abuts against the inner wall of the groove of the roller contact section (32).

6. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the sliding bolster (11) is fixedly provided with a metal abutment plate (111), which extends along the length of the rail.

7. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeper support adjustment assembly also includes a displacement limiter (5); The displacement limiter (5) includes a fixed stop (51) embedded in the track bed and a limiting protrusion (52) fixed to the end of the sliding bolster (11). A longitudinal sliding gap is reserved between the fixed stop (51) and the limiting protrusion (52) to limit the maximum sliding stroke of the sliding bolster (11).

8. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 7, characterized in that, The longitudinal sliding gap ranges from 30 to 50 mm.

9. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeper support adjustment assembly also includes an elastic reset assembly (6) fixed on the low-friction sliding plate (2). The elastic reset assembly (6) includes multiple disc spring groups (61), each disc spring group (61) is arranged along the length of the rail. One end of the disc spring group (61) is fixed on the low friction slide plate (2), and the other end abuts against the bottom surface of the sliding bolster (11) to drive the sliding bolster (11) to automatically reset.

10. The adaptive telescopic structure for a seamless circuit buffer section with large temperature difference according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the low-friction sliding plate (2) is vertically fixed with multiple partition plates (21), which surround the sliding bolster (11) to prevent ballast from intruding into the sliding gap between the sliding bolster (11) and the low-friction sliding plate (2).

Images