Bridge bearing quick replacement equipment and method for replacing old bearing using same

Abstract

The application discloses bridge support quick replacement equipment, including support platform and replacement comprehensive assembly installed on the support platform, the replacement comprehensive assembly includes synchronous jacking module, support temporary storage platform, sliding loading and unloading module, first roller conveyor and second roller conveyor, the synchronous jacking module includes hydraulic jack, the first roller conveyor includes a plurality of first rollers and first motor, the first motor is a reversible motor, the second roller conveyor includes a plurality of second rollers and second motor, the top of the support platform is provided with containing groove, the support temporary storage platform is arranged at containing groove, the support temporary storage platform includes jacking oil cylinder and support receiving plate, the piston rod of jacking oil cylinder is upwards and is connected with support receiving plate, the sliding loading and unloading module includes moving plate for receiving old support or new support and driving device.The application can be quickly assembled, disassembled and transported, is suitable for railway skylight short-time construction, greatly reduces the equipment time of field layout, and greatly improves construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge engineering maintenance and repair technology, and more specifically, relates to bridge bearing quick replacement equipment and a method for replacing old bearings using the same equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are core load-bearing components connecting the bridge beams and piers. During the long-term daily operation of a bridge, bridge bearings play a crucial role in transmitting vertical loads and accommodating the expansion, contraction, and rotation of the bridge beams. However, due to factors such as dynamic load impacts, environmental temperature changes, and material aging from prolonged use, bearings are prone to aging, cracking, detachment, misalignment, and functional failure. These defects directly affect the bridge's alignment stability and traffic safety, thus requiring regular replacement and maintenance. Especially in the maintenance of railway bridges, bearing replacement typically needs to be completed within a short maintenance window. This places extremely high demands on the efficiency, precision, and safety of personnel involved in bearing replacement work. If the construction equipment or processes are inadequate, it will be difficult to restore the bridge to traffic status within the stipulated short window, leading to widespread traffic delays and significant economic losses.

[0003] In contrast, current bridge maintenance operations, particularly bridge bearing replacement, suffer from numerous technical shortcomings. In existing construction processes, traditional replacement equipment—jacks, support devices, and bearing conveyor tracks—is deployed independently, resulting in fragmented equipment and poor integration. Workers must manually move and install various scattered tools and components on the already confined space of the piers. This not only consumes significant preparation time but also, due to the lack of a unified installation reference base, makes it difficult to ensure the relative positional accuracy between individual components. This discrete equipment layout is unsuitable for the short-term construction requirements of maintenance windows. During tight construction windows, the assembly, debugging, and alignment of equipment alone consume a significant amount of valuable time, severely hindering the overall project's progress. Therefore, existing replacement technologies lack a unified base architecture that integrates multiple functional modules, making on-site construction chaotic, increasing the difficulty of coordinating various processes, and leading to a double waste of manpower and resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above-mentioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a bridge bearing quick replacement equipment and a method for replacing old bearings using the equipment. The equipment can be quickly assembled, disassembled and transported, adaptable to short-term construction during railway track maintenance windows, greatly reducing the time for on-site equipment deployment and significantly improving construction efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a bridge bearing quick-change device is provided, comprising a support platform, a bearing temporary storage platform, and a replacement assembly mounted on the support platform: The integrated replacement assembly includes a synchronous lifting module, a sliding loading and unloading module, a first roller conveyor, and a second roller conveyor. The synchronous lifting module includes hydraulic jacks for lifting the beam. The first roller conveyor includes multiple first rollers and a first motor for driving all the first rollers to rotate synchronously, for conveying new or old supports, and the first motor is a forward and reverse reversible motor; The second roller conveyor includes multiple second rollers and a second motor for driving all the second rollers to rotate synchronously. After the new support is conveyed to the sliding loading and unloading module by the first roller conveyor, the old support temporarily placed on the second rollers is conveyed to the first roller conveyor, and then the old support is conveyed to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform by the first roller conveyor. The top of the support platform is provided with a receiving groove, and the support temporary storage platform is provided at the receiving groove. The support temporary storage platform includes a lifting cylinder and a support receiving plate for receiving old or new supports. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder is arranged upward and connected to the support receiving plate, and is used to drive the support receiving plate to move up and down, so as to transfer old or new supports between the support receiving plate and the first roller conveyor. The sliding loading and unloading module includes a movable plate for receiving old or new supports and a drive device for driving the movable plate to move horizontally.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes an adaptive support module installed on the support platform. The adaptive support module includes a self-locking cylinder and a displacement monitoring sensor. The piston rod of the self-locking cylinder is arranged facing upwards. The displacement monitoring sensor is installed on the self-locking cylinder and is used to monitor the displacement of the beam lifted by the hydraulic jack in real time and transmit it to the controller so that the controller can control the extension of the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder, so that the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder extends and cooperates with the piston rod of the hydraulic jack to support the beam.

[0007] Preferably, the replacement assembly consists of two sets, which are symmetrically arranged on the support platform to allow for the simultaneous replacement of two supports on the pier.

[0008] Preferably, the driving device of the sliding loading and unloading module is a linear motor, which includes a magnetic track and a mover that can slide along the length direction of the magnetic track. The moving plate is mounted on the mover, and the length direction of the magnetic track is parallel to the length direction of the first roller.

[0009] Preferably, the top end of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack is connected to a pad plate for contacting the bottom of the beam via a ball joint, so that when the hydraulic jack lifts the beam, the adaptive rotation of the ball joint compensates for the tilt angle of the beam, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic jack only bears axial force. The pad plate includes a plate body and an anti-slip rubber layer installed on the top surface of the plate body.

[0010] Preferably, the support platform is provided with multiple independently adjustable leveling leg assemblies at the four edges of its sides; Each of the leveling outrigger assemblies includes an internally threaded sleeve fixedly mounted on the side wall of the support platform, a screw threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve, a universal joint mounted at the bottom end of the screw, and a foot mounted at the bottom end of the universal joint. The screw is also screwed with an anti-loosening lock nut for abutting against the bottom end of the internally threaded sleeve, so as to lock the position of the support platform after leveling the support platform on an uneven platform.

[0011] Preferably, the replacement assembly further includes a lateral transfer module for transferring new or old supports between the support storage platform and the first roller conveyor; The transverse transfer module includes a gantry support, a translation trolley, a transverse drive mechanism, a lifting and telescopic cylinder, and a first hydraulic clamp. The gantry support is mounted on the support platform and a horizontal guide rail is provided on the top of the gantry support. The translation trolley is slidably mounted on the horizontal guide rail. The transverse drive mechanism is mounted on the gantry support and is used to drive the translation trolley to move horizontally. The lifting and telescopic cylinder is mounted on the bottom of the translation trolley, and the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder is set vertically downward. The bottom end of the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first hydraulic clamp.

[0012] Preferably, the system further includes a temporary working frame installed on the side of the bridge pier. The temporary working frame is equipped with a clamping and lifting assembly, which includes a three-axis moving platform, a moving frame, and a second hydraulic clamp. The three-axis moving platform is installed on the temporary working frame and the moving frame is mounted on the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move. The second hydraulic clamp is installed on the moving frame to clamp a new or old support. The power source for the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move vertically is a hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism, which includes a lateral base, a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a shear frame, and a push plate; The lateral base is fixed to the side of the support platform, the cylinder of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder is fixed to the lateral base, and the axis of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the second roller. The push plate is connected to the end of the last piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder. The bottom surface of the push plate is inlaid with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-friction pad for sliding on the surface of the moving plate. The shear frame is arranged side by side with the multi-stage telescopic cylinder, and one end of the shear frame is installed on the lateral base and the other end is installed on the push plate to extend and retract, thereby preventing the piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder from being subjected to lateral load.

[0014] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for replacing old bridge bearings using the aforementioned bridge bearing quick replacement equipment is also provided, comprising the following steps: 1) Install the support platform on the pier, and loosen the lower connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the pier and the upper connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the beam. 2) Activate the synchronous lifting module and use hydraulic jacks to lift the beam, so that the beam is separated from the old support; 3) Unscrew the upper and lower connecting bolts, lift the old support, and the drive device of the sliding loading and unloading module drives the moving plate to move. After the moving plate moves under the old support, it supports the old support. Drive the moving plate to move horizontally through the drive device, move the old support to the position where the old support docks with the second roller conveyor, and then transfer the old support to the multiple second rollers of the second roller conveyor to achieve temporary placement of the old support on the second roller conveyor. 4) The lifting cylinder of the support temporary storage platform lifts the new support so that the height of the new support matches the height of the first roller on the first roller conveyor. The new support is then transferred to the first roller conveyor. The first roller conveyor conveys the new support to the moving plate of the sliding loading and unloading module. Then the second roller conveyor conveys the old support temporarily placed on the second roller to the first roller conveyor. The first roller conveyor conveys the old support to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform. 5) The drive device of the sliding loading and unloading module drives the moving plate to move horizontally. After the new support is separated from the moving plate, the new support is placed on the pier at the installation position. 6) Transfer the old support to the support receiving plate of the support temporary storage platform. The lifting cylinder of the support temporary storage platform drives the old support to descend, so that the old support is located in the receiving groove. 7) The hydraulic jacks of the synchronous lifting module fall back, so that the beam body can smoothly press the new support. The new support is installed to the beam body through the upper connecting bolts, and the new support is installed to the pier through the lower connecting bolts.

[0015] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1) The bridge bearing quick replacement equipment of the present invention achieves a high degree of integration and optimized spatial layout of bearing replacement equipment. The present invention integrates the replacement assembly into a unified support platform. This assembly integrates a synchronous lifting module, a bearing temporary storage platform, a sliding loading and unloading module, as well as a first roller conveyor and a second roller conveyor. This integrated base design changes the disadvantage of the traditional equipment being scattered, avoids multiple independent positioning and assembly on narrow bridge piers, and significantly shortens the construction preparation time.

[0016] 2) The bridge bearing quick-change equipment of the present invention establishes a fully automated dual-channel transfer system, improving the efficiency of alternating between new and old bearings. The present invention is equipped with a first roller conveyor driven by a first motor and a second roller conveyor driven by a second motor. The first motor is a reversible motor, which can realize the automated bidirectional transfer of new or old bearings in the horizontal direction. The second roller conveyor can be used to transfer temporarily placed old bearings to the first roller conveyor, realizing the parallel scheduling of new and old bearings in a limited space and preventing interference in the transfer path.

[0017] 3) The bridge bearing quick-change equipment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional bearing temporary storage and connection mechanism, improving space utilization. The top of the support platform of the present invention is provided with a receiving groove, and a bearing temporary storage platform is cleverly arranged in this groove. The bearing temporary storage platform is equipped with a lifting cylinder and a bearing receiving plate. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder is positioned upwards and drives the bearing receiving plate to move up and down, allowing the old or new bearing to be smoothly transferred and transitioned between the bearing receiving plate and the first roller conveyor, solving the problem of where to place bearings on narrow piers.

[0018] 4) The bridge bearing quick replacement equipment of the present invention achieves high-precision horizontal sliding alignment of the bearing in a confined space. After the hydraulic jacks of the synchronous lifting module complete the lifting of the beam, the moving plate can be driven by the drive device to automatically receive and horizontally move out the old bearing, or accurately send in the new bearing, thereby improving the alignment accuracy of bearing replacement and reducing the safety risks of construction operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the bridge bearing quick-change equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the bridge bearing quick replacement equipment of the present invention after removing the leveling leg assembly, the transverse transfer module, the side-mounted multi-stage telescopic push-unloading mechanism, and other structures. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support temporary storage platform in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding loading and unloading module in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse transfer module in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the leveling support leg assembly installed on the support platform in this invention; In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1. Support platform; 2. Synchronous lifting module; 3. Support temporary storage platform; 4. Sliding loading and unloading module; 5. First roller conveyor; 6. Second roller conveyor; 11. Receiving groove; 31. Lifting cylinder; 32. Support receiving plate; 41. Moving plate; 42. Drive device; 7. Adaptive support module; 81. Internal threaded sleeve; 82. Screw; 83. Universal joint; 84. Support leg; 85. Anti-loosening lock nut; 91. Gantry bracket; 92. Horizontal guide rail; 93. Translation trolley; 94. Lateral drive mechanism; 95. Lifting telescopic cylinder; 96. First hydraulic clamp; 101. Lateral base; 102. Multi-stage telescopic cylinder; 103. Push plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] Reference Figures 1-8 The bridge bearing quick-change equipment includes a support platform 1, a bearing temporary storage platform 3, and a comprehensive replacement assembly installed on the support platform 1. The replacement assembly includes a synchronous lifting module 2, a sliding loading and unloading module 4, a first roller conveyor 5, and a second roller conveyor 6; The synchronous lifting module 2 includes hydraulic jacks for lifting the beam; The first roller conveyor 5 includes multiple first rollers and a first motor for driving all the first rollers to rotate synchronously, for conveying new or old supports, and the first motor is a forward and reverse reversible motor; The second roller conveyor 6 includes multiple second rollers and a second motor for driving all the second rollers to rotate synchronously. After the new support is conveyed to the sliding loading and unloading module 4 by the first roller conveyor 5, the old support temporarily placed on the second rollers is conveyed to the first roller conveyor 5, and then the old support is conveyed to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform 3 by the first roller conveyor 5. The top of the support platform 1 is provided with a receiving groove 11, and the support temporary storage platform 3 is provided at the receiving groove 11. The support temporary storage platform 3 includes a lifting cylinder 31 and a support receiving plate 32 for receiving old or new supports. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder 31 is arranged upward and connected to the support receiving plate 32, and is used to drive the support receiving plate 32 to move up and down, so as to transfer old or new supports between the support receiving plate 32 and the first roller conveyor 5. The sliding loading and unloading module 4 includes a movable plate 41 for receiving old or new supports and a driving device 42 for driving the movable plate 41 to move horizontally.

[0022] This invention integrates multiple functional modules performing different tasks onto a unified support platform 1, giving the bridge bearing quick-change equipment a highly integrated system advantage. As a stable foundation platform, the support platform 1 ensures the tight spatial arrangement of the various components installed on it, effectively preventing structural interference between different action units. Each module has a planned installation position on the support platform 1, forming a smooth operational connection between them. Through a unified load-bearing design, the support platform 1 ensures the constant relative positions of the first roller conveyor 5, the second roller conveyor 6, the bearing temporary storage platform 3, and the sliding loading and unloading module 4 in both horizontal and vertical directions. This integrated configuration allows the bridge bearing quick-change equipment to quickly commence full-process operations after being hoisted to the construction site, reducing the time spent on on-site measurement and alignment, and significantly enhancing the construction response capability to meet tight deadlines.

[0023] Hydraulic jacks, serving as the lifting power source, provide precise vertical stroke output and stable compressive support for the raising and lowering of the beam. Coordinated with the synchronous lifting module 2, the hydraulic jacks achieve smooth and gradual pressurization, ensuring the beam's center of gravity remains stable during vertical lifting and preventing lateral shifts or stress imbalances. The hydraulic jacks are integrated into the replacement assembly, ensuring high spatial alignment between the lifting point and the subsequent conveying and unloading areas. The smooth lifting action of the hydraulic jacks allows the old bearing to be smoothly separated from the beam, while also providing ample operating height and space for the subsequent intervention of the sliding unloading module 4, ensuring smooth operation of the entire bridge bearing rapid replacement equipment during the removal of the old bearing and the insertion of the new one.

[0024] Multiple first rollers are arranged to form a continuous rolling support surface. When supporting heavy new or old supports, this planar array distributes the weight of the support evenly across the surfaces of the multiple first rollers. This reduces local pressure at the conveying interface and converts sliding resistance into rolling resistance, lowering the load that the power output end needs to overcome and ensuring the stability of the support during translation. The first motor can drive all the first rollers to rotate synchronously, which allows each contact point on the bottom surface of the support to receive equal and unidirectional traction, preventing the support from deviating or becoming obstructed on the conveying path. The first motor is a reversible motor, giving the first roller conveyor excellent bidirectional conveying capability. It can both convey new supports forward to the target position and transport unloaded old supports in reverse, achieving bidirectional reuse of a single conveying channel. This allows for the fulfillment of heavy-load transportation needs in both directions on the space-constrained bridge pier working surface with streamlined conveying components.

[0025] The second roller conveyor 6 plays a parallel scheduling role in this equipment. After the new support is conveyed to the sliding loading and unloading module 4 by the first roller conveyor 5, the old support, temporarily placed on the second roller, is conveyed to the first roller conveyor 5, and then the first roller conveyor 5 conveys the old support to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform 3. This linkage between the equipment cleverly solves the problem of path conflict between the new and old supports in the narrow space of the bridge pier. The second roller conveyor 6 is not only a conveying channel, but also a key storage node in the overall replacement scheduling system. It acts as a buffer and avoidance area for the old support, allowing the new support to pass through the first roller conveyor 5 first and smoothly to the sliding loading and unloading module 4 for installation preparation. After the new support has safely passed through the main channel, the second roller conveyor 6 sends out the old support, and it is transported to the support temporary storage platform 3 via the reverse operation of the first roller conveyor 5. This consistent train dispatching logic ensures the continuity of the replacement operation, allowing the delivery of new supports and the return and removal of old supports to proceed in parallel, significantly shortening the construction cycle and improving the overall smoothness of the replacement operation.

[0026] The design of the recess 11 cleverly utilizes the downward-extending thickness space inside the support platform 1, allowing the temporary support storage platform 3 to be embedded and concealed within it. This not only lowers the overall center of gravity of the bridge support quick-change equipment and enhances the stability of the equipment base, but more importantly, it controls the overall elevation height of the equipment, enabling it to better adapt to the low construction space under the bridge. The temporary support storage platform 3 includes a lifting cylinder 31 and a support receiving plate 32 for receiving old or new supports. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder 31 is positioned upwards and connected to the support receiving plate 32, driving the support receiving plate 32 to move up and down, so as to transfer old or new supports between the support receiving plate 32 and the first roller conveyor 5. The upward-facing piston rod of the lifting cylinder 31 forms a direct-push mechanical transmission structure, providing direct and abundant vertical lift. The support receiving plate 32, as the bearing surface in direct contact with the support, has sufficient rigidity to support the weight of the support without deformation. Through precise stroke extension and retraction control of the lifting cylinder 31, the support receiving plate 32 can vertically shuttle between the bottom of the receiving groove 11 and the top surface of the first roller conveyor 5. When receiving an old support, the lifting cylinder 31 is in the extended state. After the support receiving plate 32 receives the old support, the piston rod retracts, causing the old support to sink steadily into the receiving groove 11 for storage. Similarly, a new support can be placed on the support receiving plate 32 in advance. When it needs to be delivered, the lifting cylinder 31 extends and pushes it to the transport plane where the first roller conveyor 5 is located. This height-adjustable elevation transition mechanism transforms the heavy support height transfer process into the smooth lifting and lowering of the automated cylinder, ensuring the safety and stability of the loading and unloading process.

[0027] The sliding loading and unloading module 4 is located at the front end of the entire replacement assembly, directly extending into the confined space under the beam to perform the loading and unloading tasks of the supports. The moving plate 41 is designed with excellent compressive strength and surface flatness to ensure a stable contact reference when receiving new supports conveyed by the first roller conveyor 5 or supporting old supports detached from the pier. The drive unit 42 provides the moving plate 41 with the power to move back and forth in the horizontal direction. This precise drive control realizes the automated execution of the push-pull operation of the supports in the narrow gap under the beam. With the smooth linear thrust output by the drive unit 42, the moving plate 41 can slowly move forward or backward along a predetermined trajectory. When removing old supports, the moving plate 41 extends into the bottom of the beam to receive the removed old supports, and then the drive unit 42 operates to withdraw the moving plate 41 and the old supports together from the narrow area; when installing new supports, the drive unit 42 pushes forward, precisely delivering the new supports on the moving plate 41 to the designated alignment coordinates under the beam. This automated horizontal displacement, driven by the drive device 42, is not only accurate in positioning but also continuous in action, effectively avoiding collision damage to the bridge structure or the new support itself caused by uneven force during operation, and significantly improving the final support installation quality and safety standards.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes an adaptive support module 7 installed on the support platform 1. The adaptive support module 7 includes a self-locking cylinder and a displacement monitoring sensor. The piston rod of the self-locking cylinder is set upwards. The displacement monitoring sensor is installed on the self-locking cylinder and is used to monitor the displacement of the beam lifted by the hydraulic jack in real time and transmit it to the controller so that the controller can control the extension of the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder, so that the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder can cooperate with the piston rod of the hydraulic jack to support the beam after it extends.

[0029] The adaptive support module 7 includes a self-locking hydraulic cylinder and a displacement monitoring sensor, which tightly integrates the data acquisition and sensing unit with the load-bearing execution unit. The piston rod of the self-locking hydraulic cylinder is positioned upwards, an arrangement consistent with the force direction of the beam and the lifting direction of the hydraulic jack, providing direct upward vertical support to the beam. This upward arrangement ensures that the support force is transmitted along the central axis of the self-locking hydraulic cylinder, reducing the risk of overturning due to lateral loads and guaranteeing the structural rigidity and load-bearing safety of the self-locking hydraulic cylinder when bearing heavy beams.

[0030] The displacement monitoring sensor is mounted on the self-locking cylinder to monitor the displacement of the beam lifted by the hydraulic jack in real time and transmit the data to the controller. The sensor continuously collects data on the actual height change of the beam's bottom surface throughout the entire dynamic operation of the hydraulic jack lifting the beam. By transmitting this displacement data to the controller in real time, a precise information feedback closed-loop system is established within the bridge bearing quick-change equipment. This allows the control system to constantly monitor the beam's accurate position in space, providing an objective and real-time data basis for subsequent auxiliary support actions and preventing feedback lag or excessive extension deviations in the support actions.

[0031] After receiving beam displacement data from the displacement monitoring sensor, the controller can perform precise calculations to control the extension of the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder. This control mechanism based on real-time closed-loop data endows the self-locking cylinder with dynamic following and precise response characteristics. The piston rod of the self-locking cylinder can extend synchronously with the change in the lifting height of the beam, ensuring that the end of the piston rod always approaches and fits against the bottom surface of the beam, thus realizing intelligent and automated adjustment of the support height.

[0032] When the hydraulic jacks, acting as the main lifting power source, lift the beam and maintain the target height, the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder makes close contact with the bottom of the beam, forming a parallel auxiliary support node. This cooperative support structure, on the one hand, distributes the load of the hydraulic jacks, expands the stress area at the bottom of the beam, and reduces the probability of local instability at a single support point; on the other hand, the self-locking cylinder, with its self-locking pressure-holding characteristics, provides robust anti-fallback protection after the support is in place. During subsequent support installation and removal operations, even if the system pressure of the hydraulic jacks fluctuates slightly, the self-locking cylinder can still stably support the beam, maintaining a constant beam height. This significantly enhances the stability of the beam when it is in a lifted and suspended state, ensures the safety of personnel and equipment working in the confined space at the bottom of the beam, and gives the entire bridge support rapid replacement equipment multiple load-bearing redundancies and protective mechanisms.

[0033] Furthermore, the replacement assembly consists of two sets, which are symmetrically arranged on the support platform 1 to allow for the simultaneous replacement of the two supports on the pier.

[0034] In the actual load-bearing structure of bridge piers, multiple bearings are arranged side by side on each pier to stably support the beam above. The configuration of two sets of integrated replacement modules enables the bridge bearing rapid replacement equipment to handle multiple bearing replacement tasks in parallel. Each set of integrated replacement modules includes a synchronous lifting module 2, a bearing temporary storage platform 3, a sliding loading and unloading module 4, a first roller conveyor 5, and a second roller conveyor 6, capable of independently and synchronously completing the removal of old bearings and the transport of new bearings within their respective areas of responsibility. This multi-component configuration changes the serial work mode that relies on a single component to perform replacement operations one by one, allowing multiple work lines to operate synchronously. Within the same construction operation time span, the addition of the two sets of integrated replacement modules increases the overall operational throughput of the equipment, significantly reduces the total time required for overall construction of a single pier, and improves the replacement and advancement speed of the equipment at the bridge maintenance site.

[0035] The symmetrical arrangement of the two sets of replacement integrated components plays a crucial balancing role in the overall force distribution and spatial planning. In terms of force distribution, when the hydraulic jacks within the replacement integrated components lift the beam, the symmetrical arrangement provides a symmetrical upward thrust to the beam. This symmetrical force support ensures balanced force on the beam during vertical lifting, effectively preventing lateral load imbalance, tilting, or torsional deformation caused by unilateral force, maintaining the original center of gravity distribution of the beam, and ensuring the stability and structural safety of the bridge superstructure in its suspended state. In terms of spatial planning, the available working area on the piers is limited; the symmetrical arrangement rationally occupies symmetrical positions on both sides of the pier, resulting in a uniform and orderly distribution of construction equipment. This facilitates the simultaneous transport and transfer of new and old bearings by the two sets of first roller conveyors 5, second roller conveyors 6, and sliding loading / unloading modules 4 on both sides, preventing congestion and spatial interference in localized areas on one side and ensuring smooth logistics channels.

[0036] Furthermore, the driving device 42 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 is a linear motor. The linear motor includes a magnetic track and a mover that can slide along the length direction of the magnetic track. The moving plate 41 is mounted on the mover, and the length direction of the magnetic track is parallel to the length direction of the first roller.

[0037] Linear motors can directly convert electrical energy into linear motion kinetic energy without the need for intermediate transmission conversion mechanisms. During the operation of the bridge bearing quick-change equipment, using a linear motor as the drive device 42 makes the horizontal driving force output of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 more direct and smooth. By reducing energy loss and clearance errors in intermediate transmission links, the linear motor can provide stable and continuous linear propulsion force for the moving parts carrying heavy new or old bearings, avoiding the jerking and vibrations that easily occur in traditional transmission structures, and ensuring the smooth operation of the bridge bearing quick-change equipment in confined spaces.

[0038] Furthermore, the top end of the piston rod of the hydraulic jack is connected to a pad plate for contacting the bottom of the beam via a ball joint, so that when the hydraulic jack lifts the beam, the adaptive rotation of the ball joint can compensate for the tilt angle of the beam, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic jack only bears axial force. The pad plate includes a plate body and an anti-slip rubber layer installed on the top surface of the plate body.

[0039] In bridge bearing replacement operations, the stress state of the lifting contact surface directly affects the stability of the lifting process. A ball joint serves as the connecting hub, establishing a flexible force transmission node with multi-directional rotational freedom between the piston rod of the hydraulic jack and the support plate used to support the beam. The ball joint breaks the limitations of rigid fixed connections, allowing the support plate to rotate flexibly around the center of the ball joint, no longer restricted by the fixed central axis of the piston rod. This structure endows the support plate with the ability to actively adapt to the beam's bottom profile, ensuring a tight fit between the support plate and the beam's bottom surface upon contact. This provides a stable and broad initial stress reference surface for subsequent lifting operations, guaranteeing smooth mechanical transmission between the bridge bearing rapid replacement equipment and the beam.

[0040] In actual construction sites, the bottom of beams often has longitudinal or transverse slopes, and the beam's posture may undergo slight dynamic tilt changes during the jacking process. Under these conditions, the adaptive rotation mechanism of the ball joint plays a crucial regulatory role. When the pad is pressed into contact with the inclined beam bottom, the ball joint automatically deflects according to the slope of the beam bottom, ensuring that the bearing surface of the pad remains parallel and in contact with the inclined plane of the beam bottom. This adaptive rotation can dynamically compensate for the beam's tilt angle, preventing localized stress concentration due to point contact or edge line contact between the pad and the beam bottom, ensuring a uniform distribution of the jacking support force on the pad surface, and reducing the risk of localized concrete crushing or damage to the beam due to uneven stress.

[0041] Through the adaptive angle compensation of the ball joint, the direction of the reaction force transmitted from the beam to the pad plate can always remain aligned with the central axis of the piston rod. This force guiding mechanism effectively prevents the inclined beam bottom from causing lateral loads or bending moments to the piston rod. This ensures that the piston rod of the hydraulic jack only bears axial forces, improving the internal stress condition of the hydraulic jack when subjected to heavy-duty lifting tasks. This not only reduces the eccentric frictional resistance between the piston rod and the internal guide sleeve of the hydraulic jack, preventing bending deformation of the piston rod, but also significantly reduces the wear probability of the hydraulic seals, ensuring the smooth operation and service life of the hydraulic jack under high pressure and heavy loads.

[0042] The slab, acting as a skeletal support, possesses sufficient rigidity to withstand the enormous lifting force transmitted by the hydraulic jacks without deformation. The anti-slip rubber layer installed on the top surface of the slab serves as a flexible medium in direct contact with the beam bottom. It utilizes its elastic deformation to fill minor unevenness on the concrete surface of the beam bottom, further increasing the density of the contact surface. Simultaneously, the anti-slip rubber layer itself has a high surface resistance coefficient, significantly increasing the horizontal anti-slip resistance between the pad and the beam bottom during lifting and suspended support. This effectively prevents lateral slippage of the beam on the pad surface when subjected to external vibrations or wind load disturbances, maintaining the constant spatial position of the beam during lifting, and improving the safety margin of the entire lifting support system and the reliability of construction operations.

[0043] Furthermore, multiple independently adjustable leveling leg assemblies are provided at the four edges of the side of the support platform 1. Each of the leveling support leg assemblies includes an internally threaded sleeve 81 fixedly installed on the side wall of the support platform 1, a screw 82 threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve 81, a universal joint 83 installed at the bottom end of the screw 82, and a support leg 84 installed at the bottom end of the universal joint 83. The screw 82 is also screwed with an anti-loosening locking nut 85 for abutting against the bottom end of the internally threaded sleeve 81, so as to lock the position of the support platform 1 after leveling the support platform 1 on an uneven platform.

[0044] In actual bridge maintenance operations, the surface of the piers and abutments often has slopes or undulations. Multiple independently adjustable leveling leg components can be adjusted separately for the actual height difference of different corners, giving the support platform 1 room for adjustment to adapt to complex terrain and ensuring that the support platform 1 can obtain a stable placement posture in different pier and abutment environments.

[0045] The internally threaded sleeve 81, serving as a transitional component directly connected to the support platform 1, transmits the load from the support platform 1 to the screw 82, while also providing a robust guide channel for the lifting and lowering of the screw 82. The threaded engagement structure between the screw 82 and the internally threaded sleeve 81 transforms rotational motion into smooth linear lifting and lowering motion through a helical transmission principle. This threaded transmission mechanism features high adjustment precision; construction personnel can achieve millimeter-level fine-tuning of the height of each corner of the support platform 1 by rotating the screw 82, ensuring that the levelness of the support platform 1 in three-dimensional space meets stringent construction standards and establishing a horizontal benchmark for the precise operation of subsequent related modules.

[0046] The universal joint 83, as a connecting hub with multi-directional rotational freedom, breaks the rigid vertical constraint between the screw 82 and the support leg 84. When the support leg 84 contacts the pier surface with an inclined slope, the universal joint 83 can automatically deflect according to the inclination angle of the pier surface, ensuring that the bottom surface of the support leg 84 always maintains a large-area parallel contact with the pier surface. The large-area chassis structure of the support leg 84 can evenly distribute the overall weight of the bridge bearing quick-change equipment and the additional load generated during construction operations onto a wider pier contact surface. This surface contact force distribution method avoids stress concentration caused by point contact or edge line contact, reduces the probability of crush damage to the local concrete surface of the pier, and ensures the stability and safety of the support point.

[0047] During bridge bearing replacement work, the operation of internal motors, the movement of sliding components, and external environmental disturbances all generate continuous vibration loads. The design of the anti-loosening locking nut 85 provides a reliable locking guarantee for the leveled support state. After the leveling is adjusted, by screwing the anti-loosening locking nut 85 upwards, its end face tightly abuts against the bottom end of the internal thread sleeve 81, a huge axial preload is generated between the thread facets. This preload increases the static friction resistance between the thread mating surfaces, making the screw 82 less prone to self-rotation and disengagement under high-frequency vibration, ensuring that the height setting value of the leveling support leg assembly remains constant over a long period of time.

[0048] Furthermore, the replacement assembly also includes a transverse transfer module for transferring new or old supports between the support storage platform 3 and the first roller conveyor 5. The transverse transfer module includes a gantry support 91, a translation trolley 93, a transverse drive mechanism 94, a lifting and telescopic cylinder 95, and a first hydraulic clamp 96. The gantry support 91 is mounted on the support platform 1, and a horizontal guide rail 92 is provided on the top of the gantry support 91. The translation trolley 93 is slidably mounted on the horizontal guide rail 92. The transverse drive mechanism 94 is mounted on the gantry support 91 and is used to drive the translation trolley 93 to move horizontally. The lifting and telescopic cylinder 95 is mounted on the bottom of the translation trolley 93, and the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder 95 is vertically downward. The bottom end of the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder 95 is fixedly connected to the first hydraulic clamp 96. For small supports weighing tens of kilograms, such as plate rubber supports, the first hydraulic clamp 96 can be used to grip the support and then lift it.

[0049] The gantry frame 91, acting as a spanning load-bearing structure, is installed on the support platform 1, providing a stable foundation. Spanning above the support storage platform 3 and the first roller conveyor 5, the gantry frame 91 positions the transfer mechanism in the top space, without occupying the material conveying and storage area below, thus avoiding spatial interference during operation. The horizontal guide rail 92, located at the top of the gantry frame 91, provides a straight and clear linear trajectory for the subsequent translation trolley 93. The rigid support of the horizontal guide rail 92 ensures high precision in the transfer path, maintaining consistency in the trajectory of the new or old support during the transfer process.

[0050] The translation trolley 93, serving as a moving carrier, is slidably mounted on the horizontal guide rail 92, achieving stable guiding constraint. The lateral drive mechanism 94 provides continuous and stable horizontal traction power to the translation trolley 93, enabling it to move at a uniform speed along the horizontal guide rail 92. This operation mode, where the lateral drive mechanism 94 actively outputs power, ensures controllable speed during the transfer process, prevents swaying or stopping of the new or old support during movement, and improves the stability of the support when transferring between areas.

[0051] The lifting telescopic cylinder 95 provides the lateral transfer module with vertical movement capability. Because the piston rod of the lifting telescopic cylinder 95 is vertically downward, the first hydraulic clamp 96 can descend directly from above and approach the support to clamp it. After the piston rod of the lifting telescopic cylinder 95 extends downward to allow the first hydraulic clamp 96 to grip the support, the support is then lifted. This, combined with the horizontal movement of the translation trolley 93 driven by the lateral drive mechanism 94, smoothly transfers the support to the target position. Subsequently, the first hydraulic clamp 96 releases the support, and the piston rod of the lifting telescopic cylinder 95 retracts, releasing the constraint on the support. This combination of vertical lifting and horizontal pushing / pulling actions ensures smooth transfer of new or old supports between the support storage platform 3 and the first roller conveyor 5.

[0052] The transverse transfer module is used to transfer new or old supports between the support storage platform 3 and the first roller conveyor 5, replacing the traditional manual pushing operation, which saves time and effort.

[0053] Furthermore, it also includes a temporary work frame installed on the side of the bridge pier. The temporary work frame is equipped with a clamping and lifting assembly. The clamping and lifting assembly includes a three-axis moving platform, a moving frame, and a second hydraulic clamp. The three-axis moving platform is installed on the temporary work frame, and the moving frame is installed on the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move. The second hydraulic clamp is installed on the moving frame to clamp a new or old support. The power source for the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move vertically is a hydraulic cylinder. Once the second hydraulic clamp holds the new or old support, the three-axis moving platform drives the second hydraulic clamp to lift the new or old support. Then, the three-axis moving platform drives the new or old support to move horizontally. At the same time, the moving plate 41 also moves to below the new or old support. Then, the three-axis moving platform drives the new or old support to descend, and the moving plate 41 receives the new or old support. The three-axis moving platform then lowers the new or old support to the moving plate 41 at a suitable position for receiving.

[0054] The temporary work scaffold provides an external, independent load-bearing support structure on the side of the pier, giving the clamping and lifting assembly a stable mounting base. This arrangement expands the working space and avoids all loading and unloading components being crowded under the narrow beam bottom, ensuring sufficient space for loading and unloading operations. Relying on the temporary work scaffold, the clamping and lifting assembly can intervene laterally in the loading and unloading process of new or old supports from the outside, providing external traction support for the movement of new or old supports.

[0055] The three-axis moving platform grants the entire assembly the ability to move freely along three orthogonal coordinate axes in space. Driven by the three-axis moving platform, the moving frame can flexibly adjust its orientation in three-dimensional space, causing the second hydraulic clamp mounted on the moving frame to precisely align with the target. This allows the second hydraulic clamp to adapt to various positional deviations that may exist with new or old supports, accurately completing the gripping action on new or old supports and ensuring the accuracy of gripping and positioning.

[0056] The hydraulic cylinder possesses excellent properties such as high output thrust and smooth operation. Using the hydraulic cylinder as the power source for vertical movement ensures that the moving frame can obtain continuous and sufficient lifting power when lifting heavy new or old supports. This avoids jerking or insufficient power during the lifting process, allowing new or old supports weighing tens of kilograms to be smoothly lifted off their original mounting surface.

[0057] The anti-slip rubber pad is disposed on the contact surface of the second hydraulic clamp, increasing the coefficient of friction between the second hydraulic clamp and the surface of the old or new support. When the second hydraulic clamp is closed under force, the anti-slip rubber pad can closely conform to and adapt to the slight undulations of the surface of the old or new support, preventing the clamped old or new support from accidentally slipping during lifting and suspension. At the same time, the flexible material of the anti-slip rubber pad acts as a buffer at the moment of contact, protecting the outer surface of the old or new support from scratches or local crushing, ensuring the stability and safety of the clamping process.

[0058] The automated clamping and lifting of the support replaces the traditional manual operation of directly lifting or using a crowbar to pry up supports weighing tens of kilograms, saving manpower.

[0059] Furthermore, it also includes a side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism, which includes a lateral base 101, a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinder 102, a shear frame, and a push plate 103. The lateral base 101 is fixed to the side of the support platform 1. The cylinder of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 is fixed to the lateral base 101, and the axis of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 is parallel to the length direction of the second roller. The push plate 103 is connected to the end of the last piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102. The bottom surface of the push plate 103 is inlaid with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-friction pad for sliding on the surface of the moving plate 41. The shear frame is arranged side by side with the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102, and one end of the shear frame is installed on the lateral base 101 and the other end is installed on the push plate 103 to extend and retract, thereby preventing the piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 from being subjected to lateral load. The shear frame is installed on the lateral base 101 and the push plate 103 in a conventional manner, which needs to ensure that the shear frame can extend and retract normally. This will not be described in detail here. A layer of anti-friction plate can be laid on the surface of the moving plate 41 to reduce friction when the old support moves.

[0060] The lateral base 101 is arranged in the outer perimeter area on the side of the support platform 1, reasonably avoiding the complex material transfer channel and support storage area in the center of the bridge bearing quick-change equipment. This side-mounted installation layout makes full use of the unused space resources on the perimeter, allowing the side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism to obtain a solid and independent force base without interfering with the daily operation and transportation of other components, ensuring the stable unfolding of the entire unloading action.

[0061] The multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 has a multi-sleeve nested structure, which significantly reduces its length in the retracted state, minimizing the space occupied by the side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism on the side of the equipment. This facilitates proper arrangement of the entire equipment in the narrow and confined environment at the bottom of bridge piers. In the gradually extended state, the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 provides a sufficiently long linear pushing stroke. The axis of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 is parallel to the length direction of the second roller, providing precise motion trajectory guidance for the pushing action. This ensures that the direction of the telescopic thrust is always accurately pointed towards the target conveying area, allowing the support to be smoothly fed into the subsequent conveying stage along a parallel straight trajectory, preventing stagnation or jamming caused by bending or deflection of the pushing path.

[0062] The push plate 103 transforms the concentrated point thrust output from the final piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 into a wide, planar thrust contact surface. When it contacts and pushes the support, the wide contact surface reduces local contact pressure, protecting the sidewall structure of the support from damage caused by localized pressure. The bottom surface of the push plate 103 is inlaid with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) anti-friction pads, a material with a low coefficient of surface friction. During the unloading operation, the push plate 103 needs to slide a relatively long distance on the surface of the moving plate 41. The PTFE anti-friction pads reduce the frictional resistance generated during relative sliding, making the sliding process smoother. This not only reduces the thrust load on the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 but also prevents the push plate 103 from directly scraping the surface of the moving plate 41, extending the service life of each sliding component and ensuring smooth and continuous unloading action.

[0063] When pushing a support with a huge weight and potentially uneven surface friction, the pushing contact surface is prone to generating lateral offset torque. The shear frame, relying on the geometric constraint characteristics of its cross-links, possesses excellent bending and torsional stiffness. The shear frame and the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 are arranged side-by-side and hinged at both ends, forming a parallel synchronous linkage and guiding mechanism. During the overall telescopic pushing process, the shear frame can forcibly maintain the spatial posture of the push plate 103, bearing the excess lateral load generated during the unloading process. This structure isolates the transmission of lateral destructive torque to the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102, ensuring that the piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder 102 only bears axial linear thrust, preventing the piston rod from bending or being obstructed due to lateral force, and ensuring the operational stability and long-term durability of the side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism under heavy load conditions.

[0064] A side-mounted multi-stage telescopic push-and-unload mechanism is used to push the old support, so that the old support is moved from the moving plate 41 to the second roller conveyor 6, which replaces the traditional manual pushing operation, saving time and effort.

[0065] According to another aspect of the invention, a method for replacing old bridge bearings using the aforementioned bridge bearing quick replacement equipment is also provided, comprising the following steps: 1) Install support platform 1 on the pier, and loosen the lower connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the pier and the upper connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the beam. 2) Start synchronous lifting module 2 and use hydraulic jacks to lift the beam body, so that the beam body is separated from the old support; 3) Unscrew the upper and lower connecting bolts, lift the old support, and the drive device 42 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 drives the moving plate 41 to move. After the moving plate 41 moves to the bottom of the old support, it supports the old support. Drive the moving plate 41 to move horizontally through the drive device 42. Use manual or mechanical equipment to move the old support to the position where the old support docks with the second roller conveyor 6. Then use manual or mechanical equipment to transfer the old support to the multiple second rollers of the second roller conveyor 6, so as to temporarily place the old support on the second roller conveyor 6. 4) The lifting cylinder 31 of the support temporary storage platform 3 lifts the new support so that the height of the new support matches the height of the first roller on the first roller conveyor 5. The new support is transferred to the first roller conveyor 5 by manual or mechanical equipment. The first roller conveyor 5 conveys the new support to the moving plate 41 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4. Then the second roller conveyor 6 conveys the old support temporarily placed on the second roller to the first roller conveyor 5. The first roller conveyor 5 conveys the old support to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform 3. 5) The drive device 42 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 drives the moving plate 41 to move horizontally. After the new support is separated from the moving plate 41 by manual or mechanical equipment, the new support is placed on the pier at the installation position. 6) The old support is transferred to the support receiving plate 32 of the support temporary storage platform 3 by manual or mechanical means. The lifting cylinder 31 of the support temporary storage platform 3 drives the old support to descend, so that the old support is located in the receiving groove 11. 7) The hydraulic jacks of the synchronous lifting module 2 fall back, so that the beam body can smoothly press the new support. The new support is installed to the beam body through the upper connecting bolts, and the new support is installed to the pier through the lower connecting bolts. In step 1), the support platform 1 is securely installed on the pier, establishing a solid and stable foundation platform for all subsequent replacement operations and component operation, ensuring the positional accuracy and support rigidity of each component during operation. Loosening the lower connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the pier and the upper connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the beam serves as a pre-treatment. By appropriately loosening the bolts, the old support is still constrained in its original position, preventing accidental slippage or attitude change of the beam before it receives support from the synchronous lifting module 2. At the same time, pre-loosening these fasteners overcomes the resistance that may have accumulated due to fastener rust after long-term service, making sufficient preparations for the subsequent rapid removal of the old support, ensuring the smoothness of the overall construction process, and avoiding the structural disturbance risk caused by high-intensity loosening operations after lifting.

[0066] In step 2), activating the synchronous lifting module 2 provides a balanced and stable upward thrust to the beam. Using hydraulic jacks to lift the beam, the smooth output of hydraulic power ensures a gentle movement of the beam during the ascent, preventing jerking or uneven stress that could cause deflection or twisting of the bridge superstructure. This action detaches the beam from the old support, creating the necessary vertical working space and height allowance between the beam bottom and the old support. Sufficient detachment clearance is a prerequisite for the subsequent removal of the old support and the insertion of the new support, ensuring that the sliding loading and unloading module 4 can freely access and operate in confined, narrow gaps, reducing the probability of collisions and scrapes between the equipment and the main bridge structure, and ensuring the safety of the main bridge structure.

[0067] In step 3), the upper and lower connecting bolts are unscrewed, releasing all connection constraints on the old support and placing it in a free, movable state. The old support is lifted, and the drive device 42 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 moves the moving plate 41 to a position below the old support to receive it. This method of using the drive device 42 to drive the moving plate 41 for support significantly reduces the workload of personnel working in the dangerous beam bottom area and improves operational safety. The drive device 42 drives the moving plate 41 horizontally, smoothly moving the old support out of the narrow work area, avoiding the uncontrollable factors caused by manual dragging. Subsequently, the old support is moved to the position where it connects with the second roller conveyor 6, and then transferred to the multiple second rollers of the second roller conveyor 6, achieving temporary placement of the old support on the second roller conveyor 6. This series of actions properly guides the old support to the rear buffer area, where the multiple second rollers provide a smooth support surface, reducing frictional resistance during placement. This step clears the main transport channel for the delivery of the new support, ensuring the orderly scheduling of subsequent logistics.

[0068] Step 4) demonstrates a high degree of automated collaborative scheduling capabilities. The lifting cylinder 31 of the support temporary storage platform 3 lifts the new support, matching its height to the height of the first roller on the first roller conveyor 5. This solves the elevation difference problem between different equipment areas, ensuring a smooth transition of the new support during cross-equipment transfer and avoiding jamming caused by elevation differences. The new support is then transferred to the first roller conveyor 5, which in turn conveys it to the moving plate 41 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4, achieving efficient and track-fixed transport of the new support and reducing the risk of yaw. Then, the second roller conveyor 6 conveys the old support, temporarily placed on the second roller, to the first roller conveyor 5, which then conveys the old support to its corresponding position on the support temporary storage platform 3. This parallel, bidirectional scheduling strategy simultaneously transports the new support into place and returns the old support to the temporary storage area. By cleverly coordinating the two conveying paths, the cycle time required for replacing old and new supports is significantly reduced, and the operational throughput and overall efficiency of the replacement construction are significantly improved.

[0069] In step 5), the drive device 42 of the sliding loading and unloading module 4 drives the moving plate 41 to move horizontally, carrying the new support into the target space under the beam using precise power control. This horizontal driving method ensures the stability of the new support during the pushing process, preventing deflection or overturning and ensuring smoothness during transportation. After the new support separates from the moving plate 41, it is placed on the pier at the installation position. This process ensures that the new support can accurately land on the load-bearing reference surface of the pier, and the docking error is controlled within a very small range. Precise positioning ensures that the new support can correctly bear the various loads transmitted by the beam, improving the stress rationality and long-term stability of the bridge structure after restoration.

[0070] In step 6), the old support is transferred to the support receiving plate 32 of the support temporary storage platform 3, realizing the transfer of the old support from the horizontal conveying channel to the three-dimensional storage area, freeing up the upper working plane. The lifting cylinder 31 of the support temporary storage platform 3 drives the old support to descend, placing the old support in the receiving groove 11. This action makes full use of the downward space resources inside the support platform 1. Placing the old support in the receiving groove 11 not only frees up the horizontal working and passage view above, but also reduces the gravitational potential energy of the old support itself, increasing the overall center of gravity stability when the equipment is placed on the pier. This three-dimensional storage method keeps the construction work surface clean and avoids the obstruction of the discarded old support to the subsequent finishing work.

[0071] In step 7), the hydraulic jacks of the synchronous lifting module 2 descend, and this controlled descent process slowly and evenly transfers the enormous weight of the beam to the new support. This allows the beam to smoothly press against the new support, preventing impact loads from rapid beam descent and protecting the internal structure and material integrity of the new support. The new support is then installed to the beam using upper connecting bolts, and to the pier using lower connecting bolts. These two fastening operations are performed while the beam is pressed down, ensuring that the upper and lower connecting bolts establish a strong anchoring force between the beam and the new support, and between the new support and the pier. This restores the structural continuity of the bridge, making the new support a unified force-transmitting unit tightly integrated with the superstructure and superstructure.

[0072] Finally, due to minor undulations or level deviations on the surface of the bridge pier, slight gaps may exist between the bottom of the new bearing and the pier after installation. Pouring epoxy mortar or high-strength grout at the joint between the new bearing and the pier can effectively fill these tiny gaps and form a robust bond after hardening. Simultaneously, the poured epoxy mortar or high-strength grout effectively prevents the intrusion of external moisture and impurities, enhancing the durability and corrosion resistance of the connection joint and providing a reliable structural guarantee for the long-term healthy operation of the bridge.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge bearing quick-change equipment, comprising a support platform, a bearing temporary storage platform, and a comprehensive replacement assembly installed on the support platform, characterized in that: The integrated replacement assembly includes a synchronous lifting module, a sliding loading and unloading module, a first roller conveyor, and a second roller conveyor. The synchronous lifting module includes hydraulic jacks for lifting the beam. The first roller conveyor includes multiple first rollers and a first motor for driving all the first rollers to rotate synchronously, for conveying new or old supports, and the first motor is a forward and reverse reversible motor; The second roller conveyor includes multiple second rollers and a second motor for driving all the second rollers to rotate synchronously. After the new support is conveyed to the sliding loading and unloading module by the first roller conveyor, the old support temporarily placed on the second rollers is conveyed to the first roller conveyor, and then the old support is conveyed to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform by the first roller conveyor. The top of the support platform is provided with a receiving groove, and the support temporary storage platform is provided at the receiving groove. The support temporary storage platform includes a lifting cylinder and a support receiving plate for receiving old or new supports. The piston rod of the lifting cylinder is arranged upward and connected to the support receiving plate, and is used to drive the support receiving plate to move up and down, so as to transfer old or new supports between the support receiving plate and the first roller conveyor. The sliding loading and unloading module includes a movable plate for receiving old or new supports and a drive device for driving the movable plate to move horizontally.

2. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an adaptive support module installed on the support platform. The adaptive support module includes a self-locking cylinder and a displacement monitoring sensor. The piston rod of the self-locking cylinder is set upward. The displacement monitoring sensor is installed on the self-locking cylinder and is used to monitor the displacement of the beam lifted by the hydraulic jack in real time and transmit it to the controller so that the controller can control the extension of the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder, so that the piston rod of the self-locking cylinder extends and cooperates with the piston rod of the hydraulic jack to support the beam.

3. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement assembly consists of two sets, which are symmetrically arranged on the support platform to allow for the simultaneous replacement of two supports on the pier.

4. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device of the sliding loading and unloading module is a linear motor. The linear motor includes a magnetic track and a mover that can slide along the length direction of the magnetic track. The moving plate is mounted on the mover. The length direction of the magnetic track is parallel to the length direction of the first roller.

5. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston rod of the hydraulic jack is connected to a pad plate at its top end via a ball joint for contacting the bottom of the beam. When the hydraulic jack lifts the beam, the adaptive rotation of the ball joint compensates for the tilt angle of the beam, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic jack only bears axial force. The pad plate includes a plate body and an anti-slip rubber layer installed on the top surface of the plate body.

6. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support platform is provided with multiple independently adjustable leveling leg assemblies at the four edges of its sides. Each of the leveling outrigger assemblies includes an internally threaded sleeve fixedly mounted on the side wall of the support platform, a screw threadedly engaged with the internally threaded sleeve, a universal joint mounted at the bottom end of the screw, and a foot mounted at the bottom end of the universal joint. The screw is also screwed with an anti-loosening lock nut for abutting against the bottom end of the internally threaded sleeve, so as to lock the position of the support platform after leveling the support platform on an uneven platform.

7. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replacement assembly also includes a transverse transfer module for transferring new or old supports between the support storage platform and the first roller conveyor. The transverse transfer module includes a gantry support, a translation trolley, a transverse drive mechanism, a lifting and telescopic cylinder, and a first hydraulic clamp. The gantry support is mounted on the support platform and a horizontal guide rail is provided on the top of the gantry support. The translation trolley is slidably mounted on the horizontal guide rail. The transverse drive mechanism is mounted on the gantry support and is used to drive the translation trolley to move horizontally. The lifting and telescopic cylinder is mounted on the bottom of the translation trolley, and the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder is set vertically downward. The bottom end of the piston rod of the lifting and telescopic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first hydraulic clamp.

8. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temporary work frame installed on the side of the bridge pier. The temporary work frame is equipped with a clamping and lifting assembly, which includes a three-axis moving platform, a moving frame, and a second hydraulic clamp. The three-axis moving platform is installed on the temporary work frame, and the moving frame is installed on the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move. The second hydraulic clamp is installed on the moving frame to clamp a new or old support. The power source for the three-axis moving platform to drive the moving frame to move vertically is a hydraulic cylinder. The second hydraulic clamp is equipped with an anti-slip rubber pad for contacting the old or new support.

9. The bridge bearing quick-change equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a side-mounted multi-stage telescopic unloading mechanism, which includes a lateral base, a multi-stage telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a shear frame, and a push plate; The lateral base is fixed to the side of the support platform, the cylinder of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder is fixed to the lateral base, and the axis of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder is parallel to the length direction of the second roller. The push plate is connected to the end of the last piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder. The bottom surface of the push plate is inlaid with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-friction pad for sliding on the surface of the moving plate. The shear frame is arranged side by side with the multi-stage telescopic cylinder, and one end of the shear frame is installed on the lateral base and the other end is installed on the push plate to extend and retract, thereby preventing the piston rod of the multi-stage telescopic cylinder from being subjected to lateral load.

10. A method for replacing old bridge bearings using the bridge bearing quick replacement equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Install the support platform on the pier, and loosen the lower connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the pier and the upper connecting bolts used to connect the old support to the beam. 2) Activate the synchronous lifting module and use hydraulic jacks to lift the beam, so that the beam is separated from the old support; 3) Unscrew the upper and lower connecting bolts, lift the old support, and the drive device of the sliding loading and unloading module drives the moving plate to move. After the moving plate moves under the old support, it supports the old support. Drive the moving plate to move horizontally through the drive device, move the old support to the position where the old support docks with the second roller conveyor, and then transfer the old support to the multiple second rollers of the second roller conveyor to achieve temporary placement of the old support on the second roller conveyor. 4) The lifting cylinder of the support temporary storage platform lifts the new support so that the height of the new support matches the height of the first roller on the first roller conveyor. The new support is then transferred to the first roller conveyor. The first roller conveyor conveys the new support to the moving plate of the sliding loading and unloading module. Then the second roller conveyor conveys the old support temporarily placed on the second roller to the first roller conveyor. The first roller conveyor conveys the old support to the position corresponding to the support temporary storage platform. 5) The drive device of the sliding loading and unloading module drives the moving plate to move horizontally. After the new support is separated from the moving plate, the new support is placed on the pier at the installation position. 6) Transfer the old support to the support receiving plate of the support temporary storage platform. The lifting cylinder of the support temporary storage platform drives the old support to descend, so that the old support is located in the receiving groove. 7) The hydraulic jacks of the synchronous lifting module fall back, so that the beam body can smoothly press the new support. The new support is installed to the beam body through the upper connecting bolts, and the new support is installed to the pier through the lower connecting bolts.

Images