A floating breakwater with coupling of floating state adjustment and multi-stage energy dissipation structure

Abstract

The application discloses a floating breakwater with floating state adjustment and multi-stage energy consumption structure coupling, which comprises a floating breakwater main body, a different-porosity wave-absorbing assembly, a flexible energy consumption assembly, a floating state adjustment device and a mooring assembly, the mooring assembly is connected with the floating breakwater main body, the different-porosity wave-absorbing assembly is installed on the wave-encountering side of the floating breakwater main body, and comprises at least two wave-absorbing plates, the porosities of the wave-absorbing plates are different from each other, and the adjacent wave-absorbing plates are spaced apart by a preset distance; the flexible energy consumption assembly is installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater main body and comprises a plurality of flexible energy consumption plates; and the floating state adjustment device is installed in the floating breakwater main body and used for adjusting the draft and the pitching posture of the floating breakwater main body. The multi-stage collaborative wave-absorbing structure of 'floating state adjustment-porous energy consumption-flexible energy consumption' is formed, so that the problem of single wave-absorbing form and poor sea state adaptability of the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine engineering protective structure technology, and in particular to a floating breakwater coupled with a floating state adjustment and a multi-stage energy dissipation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Floating breakwaters are widely used in marine engineering scenarios such as nearshore shelter, marine ranching, and protection of offshore operation platforms due to their advantages of flexible construction and deployment, strong adaptability to changes in water depth, and minimal disturbance to the original marine environment.

[0003] Floating breakwaters are primarily used to reduce incident waves, lower wave intensity in the waters behind them, and protect nearshore facilities and operational areas. Some existing floating breakwaters improve their wave-dissipating effect by installing wave-damping plates on the floating body to dissipate wave energy. However, this type of structure uses relatively simple wave-dissipating methods, and the working positions of the wave-damping components are relatively fixed, making it difficult to dynamically adjust their working state according to actual sea conditions. When wave height and wave period change, the wave-damping components are prone to deviating from the optimal wave-damping range, failing to fully exert their wave-dissipating effectiveness. They also lack adaptability to complex and ever-changing marine wave environments, leaving room for further improvement in wave-dissipating performance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a floating breakwater that can adapt to different sea conditions and has multi-stage wave energy dissipation capabilities, so as to improve the environmental adaptability and wave dissipation performance of floating breakwaters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: To address the above-mentioned shortcomings, this invention provides a floating breakwater that couples floating state adjustment with a multi-stage energy dissipation structure, in order to solve the problems of the existing technology having a single wave-dissipation method and poor adaptability to sea conditions.

[0006] Technical Solution: To solve the above problems, this invention employs a floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure, comprising a floating breakwater body, a wave-damping component with varying porosity, a flexible energy-dissipating component, a floating adjustment device, and a mooring component. The mooring component is connected to the floating breakwater body. The wave-damping component with varying porosity is installed on the wave-facing side of the floating breakwater body and includes at least two wave-damping plates with different porosities and a predetermined distance between adjacent wave-damping plates. The flexible energy-dissipating component is installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater body and includes multiple flexible energy-dissipating plates. The floating adjustment device is installed inside the floating breakwater body and is used to adjust the draft and pitch of the floating breakwater body.

[0007] Furthermore, the uneven porosity wave-damping component includes a first wave-damping plate and a second wave-damping plate arranged in parallel. The second wave-damping plate is located on the side close to the main body of the floating breakwater, and the porosity of the first wave-damping plate is greater than that of the second wave-damping plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the porosity of the first wave damper is 40%, and the porosity of the second wave damper is 25%.

[0009] Furthermore, the variable porosity wave-damping component is installed on the main body of the floating breakwater via a connecting rod. One end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the main body of the floating breakwater, and the other end is fixedly connected to the first wave-damping plate. The middle part of the connecting rod passes through the second wave-damping plate and is fixedly connected to the second wave-damping plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the flexible energy-dissipating component includes multiple flexible energy-dissipating panels arranged in parallel facing the wave-facing side, and the flexible energy-dissipating panels are made of one of the following materials: polyurethane elastic material, rubber, and fiber-reinforced elastic composite material.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple flexible energy-dissipating panels are arranged at equal intervals, and the top of the flexible energy-dissipating panels is fixedly installed to the bottom of the floating breakwater body by a clamping assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes two symmetrically arranged L-shaped fixing plates. One side of the L-shaped fixing plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating breakwater body, and the other side is provided with a clamping plate. The flexible energy-dissipating plate is installed between the two clamping plates.

[0013] Furthermore, the floating adjustment device includes a first adjustment airbag and a second adjustment airbag. The main body of the floating breakwater has two drainage chambers located near the wave-facing side and the wave-repelling side, respectively. The two drainage chambers are independent of each other. The first adjustment airbag is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-facing side, and the second adjustment airbag is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-repelling side. By controlling the inflation of the first and second adjustment airbags, the drainage volume of the drainage chambers is adjusted to regulate the draft and pitch attitude of the main body of the floating breakwater.

[0014] Furthermore, the air supply lines for the first and second regulating airbags are independent of each other, and the air supply lines are equipped with air pumps and control valves.

[0015] Furthermore, the mooring assembly includes a connector, an anchor cable, and an anchor block. The connector is installed on the main body of the floating breakwater, and one end of the anchor cable is connected to the connector, while the other end is connected to the anchor block.

[0016] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of this invention are:

[0017] (1) By setting up an internal floating state adjustment device, a wave-dissipating plate with varying porosity, and a bottom flexible energy-dissipating component, a multi-level collaborative wave-dissipating structure of "floating state adjustment - permeable energy dissipation - flexible energy dissipation" is formed. Among them, the floating state adjustment device realizes the active adjustment of the draft and buoyancy state of the floating breakwater, enabling it to adjust its working state according to different wave heights, wave periods, and sea conditions, thereby improving the adaptability of the floating breakwater to complex marine environments.

[0018] (2) By setting up a multi-stage energy-consuming structure, the incident wave passes through the processes of energy consumption through the air, fluid disturbance and structural deformation in sequence during the propagation process, which increases the conversion ratio of wave energy to turbulent energy, vortex energy and structural deformation energy, effectively reduces the energy of transmitted waves and improves the wave-dissipating effect of the floating breakwater.

[0019] (3) A combination of different energy dissipation mechanisms is adopted, in which the energy dissipation structure on the wave-facing side is used to weaken the initial impact of the wave, and the flexible energy dissipation structure at the bottom is used to further dissipate the residual wave energy, thus avoiding the problem that a single energy dissipation method is not adaptable to specific wave conditions and improving the stable operation capability of the structure under different wave conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the floating breakwater of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the floating breakwater of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of the floating breakwater of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the differential porosity wave damping component of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the differential porosity wave damping component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the clamping plate assembly of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a floating breakwater coupled with a floating state adjustment and a multi-stage energy dissipation structure in this embodiment includes a floating breakwater body 1, a wave-damping component with varying porosity 2, a flexible energy dissipation component 3, a floating state adjustment device 4, and a mooring component 6.

[0027] The main body 1 of the floating breakwater is a rectangular box-type floating structure made of corrosion-resistant material. In this embodiment, the main body 1 of the floating breakwater is 10m long, 4m wide, and 3m high, with a wall thickness of 10mm. The buoyancy adjustment device 4 includes a first adjustment airbag 41 and a second adjustment airbag 42. Inside the main body 1 of the floating breakwater, two drainage chambers are located along its length, one near the wave-facing side and the other near the wave-repelling side. The two drainage chambers are independent of each other. The first adjustment airbag 41 is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-facing side, and the second adjustment airbag 42 is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-repelling side. The air supply lines for the first adjustment airbag 41 and the second adjustment airbag 42 are independent, and each air supply line is equipped with an air pump and a control valve. By controlling the inflation volume of the first adjustment airbag 41 and the second adjustment airbag 42, the drainage volume of the drainage chambers is adjusted to regulate the draft and pitch of the main body 1 of the floating breakwater.

[0028] Specifically, when it is necessary to reduce the draft of the floating breakwater body 1, the air pump is controlled to deliver gas to the first regulating airbag 41 and the second regulating airbag 42, increasing the volume of the airbags. As the airbag volume increases, the airbags occupy the internal space of the floating breakwater body 1, compressing the water inside the drainage chamber and causing some water to be discharged from the drainage chamber. This changes the proportion of water inside the floating breakwater body 1, increases the effective drainage volume, and achieves a reduction in draft. When it is necessary to increase the draft of the floating breakwater, the airbags are controlled to release gas, reducing their volume. This increases the water-accommodating space inside the drainage chamber, allowing external water to enter the body, thereby increasing the draft.

[0029] Since the first regulating airbag 41 and the second regulating airbag 42 are controlled independently, the longitudinal attitude of the floating breakwater body 1 can be adjusted by regulating the inflation and deflation states and volume differences of the two airbags. Specifically, when the external waves mainly act on the wave-facing side and the wave-facing side is subjected to large wave impacts, the inflation volume of the wave-facing regulating airbag 41 can be appropriately increased, increasing the volume of the wave-facing airbag, discharging more water from the body, increasing the effective drainage volume on the wave-facing side and generating an upward buoyancy effect. This causes the wave-facing side of the floating breakwater body 1 to be appropriately raised, reducing the direct impact on the wave-facing structure. At the same time, the leeward side maintains a smaller inflation volume, allowing the body to form an appropriate longitudinal tilt posture, which helps to reduce the concentrated effect of waves on the body structure.

[0030] When it is necessary to enhance the wave blocking and dissipation capabilities of the floating breakwater, the inflation volume of the regulating airbag 42 on the back wave side can be appropriately increased to increase the buoyancy on the back wave side. This causes the back wave side of the main body 1 of the floating breakwater to rise and the wave-facing side to sink relatively, thereby increasing the contact depth between the wave-facing wave-dissipating components and the waves. This allows the double-layer porous wave-dissipating components to fully exert their permeable energy dissipation function, improving the wave energy attenuation effect. At the same time, the immersion depth of the bottom flexible energy-dissipating component 3 can be adjusted so that it can fully participate in the wave energy dissipation process, improving the adaptability of the floating breakwater to different wave conditions.

[0031] By adjusting the inflation volume of the first regulating airbag 41 and the second regulating airbag 42 respectively, the longitudinal attitude of the floating breakwater body 1 can be changed according to the direction and intensity of the wave action, so that the double-layer pore wave-damping component and the flexible energy-dissipating component can maintain a suitable working state, thereby improving the adaptability of the floating breakwater under different wave conditions.

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the uneven porosity wave-damping assembly 2 is installed on the wave-facing side of the floating breakwater body 1. It includes a first wave-damping plate 21 and a second wave-damping plate 22 arranged in parallel. The two wave-damping plates have the same shape as the side surface of the floating breakwater body 1, and their projections in the wave-facing direction coincide with the side surface of the floating breakwater body 1. Both wave-damping plates have a thickness of 100 mm. The second wave-damping plate 22 is located on the side closest to the floating breakwater body 1, and the two wave-damping plates are spaced at a predetermined distance. The porosity of the first wave-damping plate 21 is greater than that of the second wave-damping plate 22. In this embodiment, the porosity of the first wave-damping plate 21 is 40%, and the porosity of the second wave-damping plate 22 is 25%. The gap between the two wave-damping plates is 0.4-1 m, preferably 0.8 mm.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the uneven porosity wave-damping component 2 is installed on the floating breakwater body 1 via connecting rod 5. Connecting seats 72 are provided at both ends and the middle of the connecting rod 5. The two ends and the middle of the connecting rod 5 are respectively connected to the floating breakwater body 1, the first wave-damping plate 21, and the second wave-damping plate 22 via connecting seats 72 and bolts 71, and are fixedly connected to the second wave-damping plate 22.

[0034] The first wave-damping plate 21, located closer to the wave's incident direction, has a higher porosity than the second wave-damping plate 22, located closer to the main body of the floating breakwater 1. This causes the wave to be initially weakened as it passes through the higher permeability area, and then experiences greater flow damping as it passes through the lower porosity area, thus creating a gradient flow resistance energy dissipation effect. Furthermore, a predetermined distance separates the two wave-damping plates, forming a wave energy dissipation space. This space restricts the water flow range after passing through the first wave-damping plate, causing the high-speed jet to diffuse, collide, and change direction within the space, further inducing the formation of local vortices and turbulence, thereby increasing energy loss during wave propagation.

[0035] The porosity of the two-layer porous wave damping plate can be adjusted according to the design wave conditions. Specifically, it can be determined based on the wave height, wave period of the incident wave, and the target wave damping effect, so that the porous wave damping component has a suitable water-permeable damping effect under different sea states.

[0036] The flexible energy-dissipating component 3 is installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater body 1. It includes five flexible energy-dissipating plates arranged parallel to each other facing the wave-facing side. The five flexible energy-dissipating plates are equally spaced, and the tops of the flexible energy-dissipating plates are fixedly installed to the bottom of the floating breakwater body 1 by clamping components. In this embodiment, the flexible energy-dissipating plate is 1.5mm high, 1.4mm wide, and 10mm thick. The flexible energy-dissipating plate is made of one of the following materials: polyurethane elastic material, rubber, or fiber-reinforced elastic composite material.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, the clamping assembly includes two symmetrically arranged L-shaped fixing plates 80. One side of the L-shaped fixing plates 80 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating breakwater body 1 by bolts 85 and washers 84. A sealing rubber gasket 83 is also installed between the L-shaped fixing plates 80 and the bottom of the floating breakwater body 1. A left clamping plate 81 and a right clamping plate 82 are respectively provided on the other side of the two L-shaped fixing plates 80, and the flexible energy-dissipating plate is installed between the two clamping plates. This clamping connection method ensures the stable installation of the flexible energy-dissipating plate 3, while allowing the flexible energy-dissipating plate 3 to undergo elastic deformation under wave action.

[0038] The mooring assembly includes a connector, an anchor cable, and an anchor block. The connector is installed on the main body 1 of the floating breakwater. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the connector, and the other end is connected to the anchor block. The floating breakwater main body 1 is anchored to the seabed by the mooring assembly.

[0039] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The incident wave first acts on the wave-damping component 2 with varying porosity. When the wave passes through the first wave-damping plate 21, some wave energy is dissipated due to local velocity changes and jet effects caused by the pore structure. Subsequently, the wave enters the energy-dissipating space between the first wave-damping plate 21 and the second wave-damping plate 22, where turbulence and pressure loss are further generated under the spatial constraint. The remaining wave after passing through the second wave-damping plate 22 acts on the floating breakwater body 1.

[0040] Meanwhile, the bottom flexible energy-dissipating component 3 undergoes bending and swaying deformation under hydrodynamic action, further reducing wave energy through material damping and fluid action.

[0041] When external wave conditions change, the draft of the floating breakwater body 1 is altered by adjusting the inflation levels of the first regulating airbag 41 and the second regulating airbag 42. This ensures that the differential porosity wave-damping component 2 and the flexible energy-dissipating component 3 are positioned within a suitable wave action area, maintaining the wave-damping structure in optimal working condition. When the wave action depth is significant, the structural draft can be appropriately increased to ensure full contact between the underwater energy-dissipating area and the wave action range. When the wave action is weak, the draft can be reduced to decrease the structural motion response, thereby improving wave-damping stability under different sea conditions. The draft should ideally be controlled within the range of 30% to 70% of the height of the floating breakwater body 1, ensuring that the differential porosity wave-damping component 2 and the flexible energy-dissipating component 3 are fully positioned within the main wave action area, thus achieving a better wave-damping effect.

[0042] In summary, this invention provides a floating breakwater with buoyancy adjustment and a multi-stage energy dissipation structure. By incorporating an airbag buoyancy adjustment structure within the floating body, the breakwater's buoyancy and draft are actively adjusted, enabling it to adapt to different wave environments. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the wave-facing energy dissipation structure and the bottom flexible energy dissipation structure creates multi-stage wave energy dissipation paths, improving energy attenuation during wave propagation. This transforms the floating breakwater from a traditional, passive wave-damping method in a fixed state into a comprehensive protective structure with active adaptability, ensuring structural stability while improving wave-damping performance and operational reliability under complex sea conditions.

Claims

1. A floating breakwater coupled with a floating state adjustment and a multi-stage energy dissipation structure, characterized in that, The system includes a floating breakwater body (1), a wave-dissipating component with different porosity (2), a flexible energy-dissipating component (3), a floating state adjustment device (4), and a mooring component (6). The mooring component is connected to the floating breakwater body (1). The wave-dissipating component with different porosity (2) is installed on the wave-facing side of the floating breakwater body (1) and includes at least two wave-dissipating plates with different porosities and a preset distance between adjacent wave-dissipating plates. The flexible energy-dissipating component (3) is installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater body (1) and includes multiple flexible energy-dissipating plates. The floating state adjustment device (4) is installed inside the floating breakwater body (1) and is used to adjust the draft and pitch of the floating breakwater body (1).

2. The floating breakwater coupled with floating state adjustment and multi-stage energy dissipation structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The uneven porosity wave-damping component (2) includes a first wave-damping plate (21) and a second wave-damping plate (22) arranged in parallel. The second wave-damping plate (22) is located on the side close to the main body (1) of the floating breakwater. The porosity of the first wave-damping plate (21) is greater than that of the second wave-damping plate (22).

3. The floating breakwater coupled with floating state adjustment and multi-stage energy dissipation structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first wave damper (21) has a porosity of 40%, and the second wave damper (22) has a porosity of 25%.

4. The floating breakwater coupled with floating state adjustment and multi-stage energy dissipation structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The uneven porosity wave-damping component (2) is installed on the floating breakwater body (1) via a connecting rod (5). One end of the connecting rod (5) is fixedly connected to the wave-facing surface of the floating breakwater body (1), and the other end is fixedly connected to the first wave-damping plate (21). The middle part of the connecting rod (5) passes through the second wave-damping plate (22) and is fixedly connected to the second wave-damping plate (22).

5. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible energy dissipation component (3) includes multiple flexible energy dissipation plates arranged in parallel facing the wave-facing side. The flexible energy dissipation plates are made of one of the following materials: polyurethane elastic material, rubber, or fiber-reinforced elastic composite material.

6. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Multiple flexible energy-consuming panels are arranged at equal intervals, and the top of the flexible energy-consuming panels is fixedly installed at the bottom of the floating breakwater body (1) by a clamping assembly.

7. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The clamping assembly includes two symmetrically arranged L-shaped fixing plates (80). One side of the L-shaped fixing plate (80) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the floating breakwater body (1), and the other side is provided with a clamping plate. A flexible energy-consuming plate is installed between the two clamping plates.

8. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The floating state adjustment device (4) includes a first adjustment airbag (41) and a second adjustment airbag (42). The floating breakwater body (1) has two drainage chambers located near the wave-facing side and the wave-repelling side, respectively. The two drainage chambers are independent of each other. The first adjustment airbag (41) is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-facing side, and the second adjustment airbag (42) is located in the drainage chamber near the wave-repelling side. The drainage volume of the drainage chamber is adjusted by controlling the inflation volume of the first adjustment airbag (41) and the second adjustment airbag (42) to adjust the draft and pitch attitude of the floating breakwater body (1).

9. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The air supply lines of the first regulating airbag (41) and the second regulating airbag (42) are independent of each other, and the air supply lines are equipped with air pumps and control valves.

10. The floating breakwater coupled with a multi-stage energy-dissipating structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mooring assembly includes a connector, an anchor cable, and an anchor block. The connector is installed on the main body (1) of the floating breakwater. One end of the anchor cable is connected to the connector, and the other end is connected to the anchor block.

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