A prestressed reinforced concrete external wall panel with a reinforced frame structure

Abstract

This invention relates to precast building components and discloses a prestressed reinforced concrete exterior wall panel with a reinforced frame structure. An end-bearing saddle transmits prestress to the panel body. The double-folding head of the transverse side beam is captured by the double-groove guide seat of the vertical side beam, retaining axial allowance. Opposing positioning gates cooperate with the notches of the folding heads, and the release bridge drives the two gates to retract via a mirrored inclined groove. The four teeth of the inspection comb first check the allowance at the beginning and end of the double rails, and only after further insertion does it push the release bridge to release the positioning. The forward-extending locking tongue of the inspection cover continues to hold the release bridge during pre-positioning. Only after the inspection comb is pulled out through the clearance passage can the cover move to its final position. This structure maintains a structural sequence between allowance checking, positioning release, and cover closing, and retains axial sliding of the frame through central positioning and floating anchoring, facilitating installation and controlled maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated building component technology, specifically to a prestressed reinforced concrete exterior wall panel with a reinforced frame structure. Background Technology

[0002] Precast concrete exterior wall panels are installed on the exterior of the building structure via connection nodes. During transportation, hoisting, and use, the panels bear their own weight and wind loads. To improve the stress state of the panels, prestressed tendons can be installed within the panels, and edge steel members can be used to reinforce the panel edges and concentrated connection areas. In addition to having appropriate rigidity, the reinforced structure must also be compatible with the pre-stressing deformation of the panels and the relative displacement after installation.

[0003] Chinese invention patent authorization announcement number CN113833201B discloses a novel prefabricated insulated external wall panel, which combines prestressed concrete slabs, steel trusses, steel-concrete composite panels, and connecting main rods, and adapts to relative displacement through connection nodes. Another precast prestressed concrete slab uses a structure with continuous edge steel frames centrally located for prestressed anchor points and support parts. Therefore, it is evident that the combination of prestressing and steel frames, as well as the preservation of relative displacement at connection points, already have a corresponding technological basis.

[0004] For exterior wall panels with both end post-tensioned anchorage and peripheral reinforced frame, if the end bearing components are connected along the tie rod direction via a rigid closed steel frame, the steel frame may share the axial reaction force with the concrete. If only the corner of the frame is disconnected, it is not conducive to maintaining the lateral and out-of-plane constraints of the panel edges. When using ordinary elongated holes, insufficient fastener clamping at the sliding interface, insufficient allowance at the track end, or asynchronous guidance at two points can also affect the intended slippage. Therefore, end bearing, corner capture, edge beam anchoring, and allowance checks need to be coordinated around the same axial release relationship. During the assembly stage, temporary corner positioning is required, but this positioning needs to be released during the usage stage. There are also issues such as releasing the positioning before the inspection tools are in place, or the inspection cover being installed but the positioning component still locking the corner tongue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prestressed reinforced concrete exterior wall panel with a reinforced frame structure, which allows the prestressed reaction force to be transferred to the concrete through the end bearing area, and reserves space for the relative displacement of the tie rod axially while maintaining the lateral and out-of-plane constraints of the panel edge. Simultaneously, the corner allowance verification, assembly positioning release, and capping are all limited by the sequence of the same set of physical components.

[0006] This invention adopts the following technical solution: a prestressed reinforced concrete exterior wall panel with a reinforced frame structure, comprising a concrete slab, prestressed tie rods, and horizontal and vertical side beams. The two ends of the prestressed tie rods pass through bifurcated bearing saddles and are anchored by anchor nuts. The two bearing feet of the bifurcated bearing saddles are positioned on either side of the through-hole and abut against the end face of the concrete slab, forming a recessed portion in the middle to avoid the hole opening. The horizontal side beams are connected to the bifurcated bearing saddles, and their corners are provided with return angle tongues; the ends of the vertical side beams are provided with double-groove guide seats, and the two return heads of the return angle tongues are spaced apart along the slab thickness direction, respectively captured by the narrow openings of the guide seats and sliding along the tie rod axially. A margin is left between the return heads and the stops at both ends of the track. The vertical side beams are axially positioned in the middle of the slab height, and the remaining anchor points are slidable along the tie rod axially.

[0007] Furthermore, the bifurcated bearing saddle has a bridge section connecting the two feet and lateral connecting lugs. The bottom of the transverse side beam has a clearance opening, allowing the bearing foot to pass through the bottom of the groove and directly contact the concrete end face. The connecting lugs connect to the flange of the side beam. The return angle tongue consists of a return head, a narrow neck, and the upper bridge body. The double-groove guide seat has an inner expanding cavity, a narrow opening, a guide liner, and a detachable end stop. The clearance opening of the end stop accommodates the narrow neck and prevents the return head from overtraveling out.

[0008] Furthermore, the vertical side beam connects to a central positioning key and floating anchor keys located on both sides. The central positioning key uses a positioning hole, and the floating anchor keys use long slots extending along the tie rod axis. The spaced shoulder sleeves pass through the corresponding holes and slots and are pressed against the pre-embedded anchor plates by fasteners. The shoulder sleeves support the clamping length and maintain a sliding clearance with the floating anchor keys.

[0009] Furthermore, the double-groove guide seat is equipped with opposing positioning gates that mate with the positioning notches of the two folding heads, and a release bridge that captures the follower pin on the gate through a mirrored inclined groove. The four teeth of the inspection comb correspond to the inspection grooves at the beginning and end of the two tracks, respectively. The comb teeth first pass over the outer side of the folding head, and the base then pushes the release bridge, causing the two gates to retract towards the center. The inspection cover has a locking tongue that enters before the cover body, which continues to prevent the release bridge from retracting when pre-positioned; the longitudinal clearance opening of the inspection comb allows it to be pulled out from beside the locking tongue, and then the cover body moves axially to the final position. When the release bridge is not pushed in, it blocks the locking tongue; when the inspection comb is in place, it blocks the cover body from the final position.

[0010] Furthermore, the central channel of the double-groove guide seat opens from the axial loading inlet, and the removable pressure bar is supported by a step and held by a removable end stop, used to close the guide space after the two brakes and release bridge are installed. The outer end face of the release bridge has a pull-out threaded hole. The bridge retraction clearance allowed by the locking tongue is less than the bridge displacement required for the brake teeth to re-enter the reversing head path.

[0011] Furthermore, the back of the concrete slab is connected to a load-bearing bracket via a pre-embedded anchor plate. The load-bearing bracket is supported on the main support seat by a leveling screw and a pressure pad. The main support seat is equipped with an anti-lift baffle. The lower part of the concrete slab is equipped with a wind-resistant sliding joint and a sliding pin. The sliding joint hole provides lateral displacement space, and the shoulder of the sliding pin maintains a capture relationship with the groove wall.

[0012] Furthermore, two layers of steel mesh are installed within the concrete slab, with prestressed tie rods positioned between the two layers and passing through the isolation sleeve. Anchor end stirrups are installed in the anchor end area corresponding to the bearing foot; embedded anchor plates are anchored into the slab through anchoring bends. Independent hoisting anchors are installed at the upper end of the slab, and joint sealing strips are installed between the frame and the slab.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0014] 1. The bridge section of the bifurcated bearing saddle distributes the reaction force at the end of the reinforcing bar to the two bearing feet, and the recessed part avoids the sleeve opening; the transverse side beam is positioned with the bearing saddle, while the corner retains axial sliding, avoiding the use of the four corner rigid closed frame as an independent axial force transmission path, so that the preload transmission and edge reinforcement have a compatible structural relationship.

[0015] 2. The two return heads work together with the inner expansion cavity and narrow opening of the double groove guide seat to maintain the out-of-plane constraint of the plate edge at the capture position at intervals along the thickness direction, while allowing the axial displacement of the tie rod; the central positioning key determines the reference, and the floating anchor key and the fixed-distance shoulder sleeve avoid the fastening pre-tightening force from directly clamping the sliding interface, reducing the sliding obstruction caused by repeated axial constraints.

[0016] 3. The four teeth of the positioning comb first enter the reserved area at the beginning and end of the double rail, and then the base body contacts the release bridge; when any return head enters the comb tooth passage, the bridge pushing action is blocked by the previous positioning. The release bridge uses mirrored inclined slots to synchronously retract the two gates, so that the same insertion operation first checks the margin and then releases the temporary positioning, reducing the possibility of disconnection between inspection and release.

[0017] 4. The forward-extending locking tongue of the inspection cover and the clearance opening of the positioning comb form an intersection path. Before the positioning comb retracts, the release bridge is held in place, allowing the positioning gate to continue retracting. The unreleased bridge blocks the locking tongue, and the remaining comb blocks the final position of the cover. Therefore, the closed state is constrained by both the previous release state and the tool removal state. The detachable pressure strip and pull-out interface retain the actual insertion, reset, and maintenance paths.

[0018] 5. The load-bearing bracket, leveling screw, and wind-resistant sliding joint form gravity support and out-of-plane constraint paths, respectively, and the installation and adjustment do not depend on the locking frame corner tongue; the independent hoisting anchor and detachable end stop provide corresponding physical interfaces for transportation, installation and controlled maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall back-side structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the overall outer structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the reinforcement and prestressed structure after the concrete has been removed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the anchor end pressure-bearing fit of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged sectional view of the disassembled anchor end component of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the extended position of the opposing positioning gate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a partially enlarged view of the corner positioning and release component of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the pre-detection state of the detection comb in this invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the central positioning key connection of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the floating anchor key connection of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the load-bearing and anti-lifting node of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 12 This is a partially enlarged view of the wind-resistant sliding joint of the present invention in the state of pin removal.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the edge seal and inspection cover of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the pre-positioned pipe release bridge of the inspection cover of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a magnified cross-sectional view of the obstruction of the locating comb when the tongue of the folding angle is misaligned according to the present invention.

[0034] Labeling Explanation: 1. Concrete slab; 2. Reinforcing mesh; 3. Prestressed tie rod; 4. Isolation sleeve; 5. Forked bearing saddle; 6. Anchor nut; 7. Horizontal side beam; 8. Vertical side beam; 9. Reverse angle tongue; 10. Double groove guide seat; 11. Spacing shoulder sleeve; 12. Guide liner; 13. Central positioning key; 14. Floating anchor key; 15. Embedded anchor plate; 16. Anchoring bend; 17. Inspection comb; 18. Inspection groove; 19. Inspection cover; 20. Load-bearing bracket; 21. Main support seat; 22. Leveling screw; 23. Bearing pad; 24. Anti-lift baffle; 25. Wind-resistant sliding joint seat; 26. Sliding pin; 27. Joint sealing strip; 28. Anchor end stirrup; 29. ​​Lifting anchor; 30. Opposing positioning gate; 31. Release bridge. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 15, in one embodiment, the wall panel includes a concrete slab 1 and a reinforcing frame arranged along its perimeter. The surface of the concrete slab 1 is vertically oriented, with its width direction and vertical direction forming the slab surface, and its thickness direction perpendicular to the slab surface. Transverse edge beams 7 are located at the upper and lower ends of the concrete slab 1, and vertical edge beams 8 are located at the left and right edges; prestressed tie rods 3 pass vertically through the concrete slab 1. Hereinafter, "axial" refers to the length direction of the prestressed tie rod 3, and "out-of-plane" refers to the thickness direction of the slab.

[0037] Two layers of reinforcing mesh 2 are located adjacent to the two surfaces of the concrete slab 1, with space between the two layers of reinforcing mesh 2 to accommodate the prestressed tie rod 3 and the isolation sleeve 4. The reinforcing mesh 2 is formed by connecting intersecting longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars, and a concrete cover is retained on the outer side of the slab surface. The isolation sleeve 4 passes through the corresponding tie rod channel, and space is reserved between the prestressed tie rod 3 and the inner wall of the isolation sleeve 4 for tension elongation; the end of the sleeve does not protrude from the bearing surface of the bifurcated bearing saddle 5 to avoid the anchorage reaction force being borne by the sleeve opening.

[0038] The bifurcated bearing saddle 5 spans the corresponding tie rod channel along its width, and has an upper bridge body, bearing feet extending towards the concrete slab 1 on both sides of the bridge body, and lateral connecting lugs. The through-hole is located in the middle of the bridge body, and the two bearing feet respectively contact the complete concrete bearing areas on both sides of the channel. The recess between the two feet is recessed into the inner side of the bridge body, separating it from the sleeve opening and its surrounding edges. The bridge body has a continuous solid section on both sides of the through-hole, and the reaction force enters the bridge body from the bearing end face of the anchor nut 6, and then is transmitted to the bearing feet through the two side sections, rather than being concentrated on the weak edge of the sleeve opening.

[0039] In this embodiment, the bifurcated bearing saddle 5 is an integral bearing member, and a continuous bearing section is maintained at the connection between the bearing foot and the bridge body; the exposed sharp edge near the tool is trimmed, and the bottom of the bearing foot still retains a complete plane. Anchor end stirrups 28 are provided in the concrete anchor end area corresponding to the bearing foot. The anchor end stirrups 28 surround the corresponding prestressed tie rod 3 and cooperate with the adjacent steel mesh 2 to restrain the local area when the anchoring reaction force spreads to the slab.

[0040] The prestressed tie rod 3 has an external thread at its end, and the anchor nut 6 has a corresponding internal thread and an outer surface for applying force with tools. The anchor nut 6 presses against the bridge portion of the bifurcated bearing saddle 5, and its end face spans the bearing ring surface around the through hole. After tensioning the prestressed tie rod 3, the tie rod is kept in a stretched state and the anchor nut 6 is screwed in so that the end face of the nut fits against the bearing saddle. Then, the external tension force is reduced according to the tensioning procedure, and the reaction force enters the concrete slab 1 through the bearing saddles at both ends. Each tie rod is tensioned in a symmetrical, phased sequence. The tensioning equipment readings are checked against the tie rod elongation before anchoring.

[0041] The transverse side beam 7 is a channel-shaped side beam with its two flanges splitting along the thickness direction of the plate. The bottom of the channel forms a through clearance opening at each bifurcated bearing saddle 5. A gap is left between the edge of the clearance opening and the outer periphery of the bearing foot, allowing the bearing foot to directly contact the concrete end face across the bottom of the channel; the bottom of the channel will not first support the bearing saddle, thus suspending the bearing foot in the air. The connecting lugs of the bifurcated bearing saddle 5 are connected to the two flanges of the transverse side beam 7 by detachable fasteners. The connecting holes are located on the outside of the bearing foot to preserve space for the central tensioning and nut tools.

[0042] Specifically, the transverse side beam 7 is positioned at the end of the plate along with the bifurcated bearing saddle 5, and its two ends are connected to the vertical side beam 8 via a return angle tongue 9. The upper part of the bridge body of the return angle tongue 9 is connected to the transverse side beam 7; the lower part of the bridge body has two narrow necks spaced apart along the plate thickness direction, and the lower end of each narrow neck is connected to a return head with a widened cross section. The cross section of the return head extends to both sides relative to the narrow neck, forming a captured shoulder in the corresponding guide groove. The two return heads and the upper bridge body form an anti-sway integral whole, rather than two independent loose inserts.

[0043] The double-groove guide seat 10 is connected to the end of the vertical side beam 8 and provides axially extending inner cavities for each of the two folding heads. Each inner cavity has a narrow opening on the side facing the plate, through which a narrow neck protrudes; the folding head is wider than the narrow opening and therefore cannot be pulled out laterally along the narrow opening. The inner cavities have opposing guide surfaces in the out-of-plane direction, restricting the out-of-plane movement of the folding heads, and the two guide positions spaced along the plate thickness also jointly restrict the axial swing of the angle tongue. The guide liner 12 is located between the folding head and the corresponding outer guide surface, separating direct metal scraping and providing a comb tooth passage according to the position of the inspection groove 18.

[0044] When assembling the corner section, the end stop is not installed at the axial inlet of the double-groove guide seat 10. The two return heads are simultaneously pushed in along the inner expansion cavity, and then the detachable end stop is installed. The end stop has a clearance opening corresponding to the narrow neck, allowing the narrow neck to continue sliding along this opening, while the widened return head cannot cross the end stop. A fixed stop is provided at the other end of the track. In the working position, both ends of the return head maintain a margin with the corresponding stop; the end stop serves to prevent overtravel and does not press against the return head in the normal position. The bottom of the groove of the transverse side beam 7 has a clearance groove at the narrow neck crossing position; the upper surface of the end stop maintains a movement space with the lowest solid part of the transverse side beam 7, ensuring that the two do not prematurely contact each other within the allowable position range defined by the positioning comb 17.

[0045] The side of the vertical edge beam 8 is connected to a central positioning key 13 and floating anchor keys 14 arranged above and below the central positioning key 13. The central positioning key 13 is located in the middle of the slab height, and its positioning hole mates with the narrower neck of the spacer sleeve 11 to determine the axial reference of the vertical edge beam 8 relative to the concrete slab 1. The floating anchor key 14 has an axial long groove, the width of which leaves a guide clearance with the neck of the shoulder sleeve, and the length of which provides displacement margin towards or away from the central reference.

[0046] The spacer sleeve 11 has a narrow neck, a large shoulder, and a through-hole for fasteners. The neck passes through the corresponding key slot and abuts against the embedded anchor plate 15, while the shoulder is located on the outside of the key. After passing through the shoulder sleeve, the fastener connects to the embedded anchor plate 15, with the fastener head first pressing against the outer end face of the shoulder sleeve. The clamping length determined by the neck of the shoulder sleeve is greater than the thickness of the key, thus leaving a gap between the shoulder and the key; the corresponding opening of the side beam also avoids the fixed parts of the shoulder sleeve and the fastener. When tightening the fastener, the clamping reaction force is transmitted to the embedded anchor plate 15 through the shoulder sleeve body, without clamping the floating anchor key 14 between the two fixed end faces.

[0047] The embedded anchor plate 15 is anchored into the concrete slab 1 via the anchoring bend 16. The folded-back section of the anchoring bend 16 extends into the slab and is coordinated with the area occupied by the steel mesh 2. The embedded anchor plates 15 at the edge beam position and the embedded anchor plates 15 at the back hanger position have exposed connection surfaces according to their respective force directions, and their anchoring range remains within the concrete. The central positioning key 13 and the floating anchor key 14 are connected to the vertical edge beam 8 to form a component that moves together, while the shoulder sleeve and the embedded anchor plate 15 connected to it belong to the side reference of the slab.

[0048] When the tension reaction force causes axial displacement of the plate end relative to the central reference, the bifurcated bearing saddle 5 and the transverse side beam 7 move with the corresponding ends, and the return angle tongue 9 slides within the double-groove guide seat 10; the upper and lower anchoring positions of the vertical side beam 8 release the differential displacement with the plate through the floating anchor key 14. The central positioning position will not simultaneously clamp the same side beam segment with another axial fixing point. Thus, out-of-plane constraints are maintained by the return head, guide seat, and vertical side beam, while axial displacement is released through the track and long groove; the two effects are borne by contact surfaces in different directions.

[0049] Furthermore, the outer wall of the double-groove guide seat 10 is provided with four inspection grooves 18, one for each of the head end and tail end reserved areas of each track. The inspection groove 18 opens outward and connects to the inner expansion cavity where the return head is located. Its groove edge is a solid opening and cannot be replaced by surface engraving. The inspection groove 18 avoids the continuous narrow lip edge responsible for capturing the return head, so that the inspection opening does not cut off the normal anti-detachment path.

[0050] In this embodiment, each folding head has a positioning notch on its inner side facing the other folding head, and the two positioning notches are located at the same axial assembly position. Opposing positioning gates 30 are respectively disposed in two transverse guide channels in the middle of the double-groove guide seat 10, retracting towards each other or extending away from each other along the plate thickness direction. The outer end of the gate body forms gate teeth, and the inner side is provided with a follower pin connected to the gate body, which extends axially out of the gate body along the pull rod. When both gates extend, the gate teeth enter the corresponding positioning notches, and the axial sidewall of the notch is opposite to the gate teeth to restrict the axial movement of the angle tongue during the assembly stage.

[0051] The release bridge 31 is located axially adjacent to the two gates, and its plate contains two inclined slots mirror-image of each other about the mid-surface. Two follower pins are inserted into the inclined slots, which have length in the width direction of the plate and converge towards the center of the bridge body along the thickness direction. The release bridge 31 is constrained by the double-slot guide seat 10 and its detachable pressure strip, and can only move in the width direction of the plate; the opposing positioning gates 30 are constrained by their respective guide channels and can only move in the thickness direction of the plate. Therefore, when the release bridge 31 is pushed into the guide seat, the sidewalls of the two inclined slots act on the follower pins, causing the two gates to retract towards the center and the gate teeth to exit the positioning notch. When the release bridge 31 is pulled in the opposite direction, the two gates are brought outward. This directional change depends on the relationship between the inclined slot profile and the pin capture.

[0052] The release bridge 31 has side wings on both sides, and the downward limiting part of the detachable pressure bar cooperates with the side wings to limit the end point of the bridge's outward movement. The assembly channel in the center of the double-groove guide seat 10 opens to the end where the detachable end stop is located. The upper part of the pressure bar has a support shoulder that rests on the channel step, and the end stop holds the pressure bar from the other side. A clearance space is left inside the pressure bar for the end of the follower pin, and its lower part, together with the guide seat, forms the sliding space of the bridge. After removing the end stop and pressure bar, the two gates can be installed into their respective gates in the retracted state from the open channel, then the two inclined grooves of the release bridge 31 are aligned with the follower pin and installed, and finally the pressure bar and end stop are installed. The step of the pressure bar is positioned so that the release bridge 31 is not clamped when the end stop is tightened.

[0053] During temporary positioning during assembly, align the positioning notches of the two folding heads with the two brakes, then pull the release bridge 31 outwards, gradually extending the two brakes into the notches. If the notches are not aligned, the brake teeth will hit the inner solid of the folding heads; the position of the corner tongues should be adjusted first. The outer end face of the release bridge 31 has a threaded hole, into which a pull-out screw can be temporarily screwed to apply force along the guide direction of the bridge; remove the screw after completion. The opposing positioning brake 30 is used for corner assembly positioning and must be released in the following sequence before applying prestress and allowing relative movement of the plate ends.

[0054] The inspection comb 17 consists of a rigid base, a gripping part, and four comb teeth. The four comb teeth correspond to the beginning and end inspection grooves 18 of the two tracks, respectively. The side of the base facing the guide seat forms a stop surface. A clearance opening is formed through the middle of the base along the axial direction, and the bases on both sides of the opening are connected as a whole by the outer gripping connecting part. The comb teeth reach the outer side of the return head before the working surface of the base that pushes the release bridge 31, so that the comb teeth have entered the beginning and end reserved areas before the base has contacted the release bridge 31 in the outward movement state.

[0055] Inspection and release are performed with both folding heads inserted and held in place by end stops. After cleaning the inspection slot 18, the inspection comb 17 is pushed inward along the width of the plate, with the four teeth passing through the inspection slot 18 and the liner opening first. When any folding head enters the corresponding comb tooth passage, that tooth is first blocked, and the rigid base cannot continue to advance to the position to push the release bridge 31; if the two rails are misaligned, causing one end to enter the comb tooth passage, it will also block insertion. No hammering or prying is used to force the comb teeth past the inspected object.

[0056] After all four teeth enter the reserved area, they continue to push horizontally. The working surfaces on both sides of the base contact the outward end face of the release bridge 31, pushing the release bridge 31 inward. As the moving pin moves relative to the mirrored inclined groove, the two brakes retract synchronously towards the center, and the brake teeth exit from the positioning notch. When the stop surface of the positioning comb 17 reaches the reference surface of the outer wall of the guide seat, the release bridge 31 reaches the release position, and a gap is maintained between the two brakes and the normal movement path of the return head. The four teeth still occupy the head and tail reserved areas, so the corner tongue does not slide at this time. The positioning comb 17 reflects the physical position and reserved space, and is not used to measure the prestress value.

[0057] The inspection cover 19 consists of a cover body and a locking tongue extending from the front side of the cover body in the installation direction. With the positioning comb 17 in place, the inspection cover 19 is moved axially along the pull rod to the pre-positioned position. The locking tongue first passes through the central clearance opening of the positioning comb 17 and reaches the outside of the release bridge 31. At this point, the edge of the cover body has not yet touched the positioning comb 17, and a gap remains between the locking tongue and the gripping connection at the rear of the clearance opening. The inner surface of the locking tongue prevents the release bridge 31 from retracting outwards; its allowable retraction is less than the bridge displacement required for both gates to re-enter the reversing head movement path.

[0058] While the inspection cover 19 is in its pre-positioned position, the positioning comb 17 is pulled out in the reverse direction of its original insertion. The clearance opening passes over the locking tongue along the extraction path, and the gripping connection and the locking tongue do not obstruct each other; the release bridge 31 is continuously held by the locking tongue, and both brakes remain in the retracted state. After the positioning comb 17 is completely withdrawn, the inspection cover 19 is moved axially to its final position, and the guide seat and end stop are connected by fasteners. During this movement, the locking tongue always covers the retracted side of the release bridge 31, and the inner wall of the cover does not press against the return angle tongue 9 and the guide liner 12, and the track returns to normal sliding space.

[0059] The closing sequence is defined by physical relationships. When the release bridge 31 is still in the outward positioning position, its outer end occupies the entry space of the locking tongue, preventing the cover from reaching the pre-positioned position; when the inspection comb 17 is still in the groove, its outer gripping part occupies the space required for the cover to continue moving, preventing the cover from reaching the final position. The cover plate fixing holes correspond to each other in the final position and cannot be forcibly pulled over by fasteners to overcome the obstructed position. After the inspection cover 19 is closed, it covers the inspection groove 18 and the central linkage area, reducing the entry of debris.

[0060] When a re-inspection is required, first ensure the plate is independent and stable, loosen the fasteners of the inspection cover 19 and retract the cover to the pre-positioned position; at this time, the locking tongue still holds the release bridge 31. Reinsert the positioning comb 17 until the stop surface is in place, and only after the base body connects to the bridge position can the inspection cover 19 be removed. If the return head has shifted to a position where the comb teeth cannot pass, retain the locking state of the cover, first adjust the corresponding installation connection or support position, and do not directly remove the cover and forcibly press the positioning comb 17 in. If temporary positioning needs to be restored, after the notch is re-aligned and the comb teeth are released from their positions, use the pull-out screw to pull back the release bridge 31 in a controlled manner; during the reset of the two gates, the corresponding notch receives the gate teeth.

[0061] A load-bearing bracket 20 is provided on the upper part of the back of the wall panel. The mounting surface of the load-bearing bracket 20 is connected to the pre-embedded anchor plate 15 on the back by fasteners. The support arm extending towards the main building body has threaded holes for the leveling screw 22. The main support 21 is fixed at the preset load-bearing connection position of the main building body and has a support platform extending towards the wall panel. The pressure pad 23 is located on the platform, and the lower end of the leveling screw 22 is supported on the pressure pad 23, while the upper end retains a force-applying part for tool rotation.

[0062] During installation, the hoisting anchor 29 at the upper end of the wall panel is connected to the lifting device, allowing the panel to be controlled from a transport posture to a vertical posture. The anchoring end of the hoisting anchor 29 is embedded in the panel and has an anti-pull-out pressure-bearing part. Its open connection end is separate from the prestressed tie rod 3, and the lifting device does not occupy the tension rod end. While the lifting device maintains the stability of the wall panel, the load-bearing bracket 20 is brought above the main support bracket 21 and slowly lowered until the leveling screw 22 rests on the pressure pad 23.

[0063] Rotate the two leveling screws 22 to change the height of the load-bearing bracket 20 relative to the support platform until the wall panel elevation and verticality reach the installation position. After adjustment, screw the locking nut on the outside of the leveling screw 22 onto the support arm of the load-bearing bracket 20 to maintain the adjusted position of the leveling screw 22, and then install the anti-lifting baffle 24. The rear fixing foot of the anti-lifting baffle 24 abuts against the front surface of the main support 21 and is connected by a fastener that passes through the fixing foot and screws into the main support 21. The other side is divided into two fingers that extend above the support arm of the load-bearing bracket 20. The opening between the fingers avoids the leveling screw 22 and the locking nut; the two maintain the distance required for normal positioning, while upward displacement is constrained when reaching the baffle. This anti-lifting relationship is not achieved by locking with the return angle tongue 9.

[0064] The wind-resistant sliding joint 25 on the lower back of the concrete slab 1 has opposing groove walls, with sliding holes extending along the width of the slab. A sliding pin 26 passes through two sliding holes, its middle section connecting to a restraining member on the main building side, while its outer shoulder is located outside the groove wall to prevent the sliding joint from detaching from the pin. When the wall panel and the main structure experience permissible lateral relative displacement, the sliding hole moves along the sliding pin 26; under out-of-plane forces, the restraining force is transmitted through contact between the corresponding sidewall of the sliding hole and the pin. Both ends of the sliding hole are simultaneously overtravel boundaries, and their remaining space is reserved when the installation position is determined.

[0065] The joint sealing strip 27 is arranged along the junction of the reinforcing frame and the panel, with its pressing part contacting the corresponding inner surface of the edge beam, and the spanning part covering the gap that needs to be sealed. The sealing strip adopts a deformable cross section and retains the length to deform with the relative displacement of the frame, and does not penetrate the corner tongue track or floating anchor key long groove with rigid filler. The removal direction of the access cover 19 is not permanently blocked by adjacent wall panels.

[0066] During slab fabrication, first position the reinforcing mesh 2, isolation sleeve 4, anchor end stirrups 28, embedded anchor plates 15, and hoisting anchors 29, then pour the concrete to form the slab 1, ensuring the sleeve and connection openings are unobstructed. After meeting the conditions required for the tensioning process, install the end bearing components and prestressed tie rods 3. Connect the side beams and corner guides according to their assembly positions, install the shoulder sleeves, and confirm that the floating interface is not clamped by fasteners; release the temporary positioning at the four corners in the order of initial inspection, then bridge push, cover tongue connector, combing, and final closing, before proceeding with staged tensioning and anchoring. After tensioning, check the remaining geometric allowance under independent supports in the order of opening and re-inspection.

[0067] After installation, positioning, leveling, and constraint connection are completed, re-inspect each corner in the order of the cover tongue retention and the inspection comb 17 connector. If insufficient clearance is found, check the plate position, guide component insertion direction, and floating interface under effective lifting or temporary support conditions, and adjust the corresponding connections accordingly; do not eliminate obstruction by shortening the comb teeth or enlarging the inspection groove 18. After the re-inspection is completed, restore the locking handover and cover, and then release the temporary lifting connection.

[0068] When the wall panel needs to be removed, first reconnect the lifting anchor 29 and have the lifting device take over the weight of the wall panel to maintain lateral stability. Then, unscrew the nut on the detachable end of the sliding pin 26 and pull out the sliding pin 26 along the pin axis to disconnect the wind-resistant sliding joint 25 from the main body side restraint component and remove the anti-lift baffle 24. Subsequently, lift the wall panel to disengage the leveling screw 22 from the pressure pad 23 and remove the panel. This sequence ensures that there is always corresponding gravity support during the disassembly process and that the weight of the entire panel is not supported by the corner tongue end stop.

[0069] When the corner guide component needs maintenance, first maintain the independent support of the plate body, remove the maintenance cover 19 in the order of pipe connection, keep the opposing positioning gate 30 retracted, then remove the detachable end stop and withdraw the return angle tongue 9 along the track axis. After removing the central pressure bar, the release bridge 31 and the two gates can be removed in sequence; during reassembly, restore the capture relationship between the follower pin and the inclined groove, install the pressure bar, angle tongue and end stop, and re-perform the positioning and cover handover. When the bifurcation bearing saddle 5 or anchor nut 6 needs to be disassembled and repaired, first connect the corresponding tie rod tension with the external tensioning equipment, then gradually unload and disassemble, and re-tension and anchor after reassembly. The release of the corner assembly positioning does not replace the prestress unloading.

Claims

1. A prestressed reinforced concrete exterior wall panel with a reinforced frame structure, comprising a concrete slab (1), prestressed tie rods (3), and a reinforced frame composed of transverse side beams (7) and vertical side beams (8), characterized in that: The folding tongue (9) of the transverse side beam (7) has two folding heads spaced along the plate thickness; the double-groove guide seat (10) of the vertical side beam (8) captures the folding heads with the narrow openings of the two guide grooves, and leaves a sliding allowance along the axial direction of the prestressed tie rod (3); the two opposing positioning gates (30) in the double-groove guide seat (10) extend into the positioning notches of the folding heads respectively, and the mirrored inclined groove of the release bridge (31) captures the follower pins of the two opposing positioning gates (30); the positioning comb (17) has a base and four comb teeth, and the comb teeth are connected to the two sides of the double-groove guide seat (10). The inspection groove (18) of the pre-reserved area at the beginning and end of the guide groove first passes over the outer side of the return head, and the base is then pushed into the release bridge (31) so that the two opposing positioning gates (30) exit the positioning gap; the maintenance cover (19) has a cover body and a forward-extending locking tongue. When the locking tongue is pre-positioned, it enters the retraction side of the release bridge (31); the clearance opening of the base body accommodates the locking tongue and allows the inspection comb (17) to be pulled out. The cover body then moves to the final position along the axial direction of the prestressed tie rod (3); the release bridge (31) that is not pushed in blocks the locking tongue from entering, and the reserved inspection comb (17) blocks the cover body from moving to the final position.

2. The external wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the prestressed tie rod (3) are pressed against the bifurcated bearing saddle (5) by the anchoring nuts (6). The bridge part of the bifurcated bearing saddle (5) is connected to two bearing feet. The two feet are arranged on both sides of the through hole and directly abut against the end face of the concrete slab (1). A relief part is formed between the two feet to avoid the hole opening. The bottom of the groove of the transverse side beam (7) has a relief opening for the bearing feet to pass through. The connecting lug of the bifurcated bearing saddle (5) is connected to the flange of the transverse side beam (7).

3. The external wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folding head is connected to the upper bridge body through a narrow neck. The inner cavity of the double-groove guide seat (10) is provided with a guide liner (12), and its loading entrance is closed by a detachable end stop with a narrow neck clearance opening. The central assembly channel of the double-groove guide seat (10) is closed by a detachable pressure strip. The detachable pressure strip is positioned by a support step and held by a detachable end stop. The pressure strip and the double-groove guide seat (10) together define the guiding space of the release bridge (31).

4. The external wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical side beam (8) is connected to a central positioning key (13) and floating anchor keys (14) on both sides. An embedded anchor plate (15) is provided in the concrete slab (1). The central positioning key (13) is provided with a positioning hole, and the floating anchor key (14) is provided with a long groove extending along the tie rod axis. The spaced shoulder sleeve (11) passes through the positioning hole and the long groove respectively, and is pressed against the embedded anchor plate (15) by fasteners. There is a sliding gap between the shoulder of the spaced shoulder sleeve (11) and the floating anchor key (14). The clamping reaction force of the fastener is transmitted to the embedded anchor plate (15) through the spaced shoulder sleeve (11).

5. The external wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opposing positioning gates (30) move along the plate thickness direction respectively, with the gate teeth located at their opposite outer ends. The moving pin extends into the mirror groove of the release bridge (31) along the pull rod axis. The release bridge (31) moves along the plate width direction and has side wings that cooperate with the guide space stop. When the release bridge (31) moves inward, the two gate teeth retract to the middle, and when it moves outward, the two gate teeth extend to the corresponding positioning notch.

6. The external wall panel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four teeth of the positioning comb (17) are connected by a rigid base. The stop surface is set on the side of the base facing the double groove guide seat (10). The middle part of the base is provided with a clearance opening that runs through the axial direction. The locking tongue extends out of the edge of the cover along the installation direction of the cover. When the maintenance cover (19) is pre-positioned, the locking tongue is opposite to the already pushed release bridge (31) and the retraction gap between them is less than the bridge displacement required for the gate teeth to re-enter the return head path. There is a pull-out interval between the edge of the cover and the positioning comb (17). A gap is maintained between the locking tongue and the rear connection part of the clearance opening.

7. The external wall panel according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer end face of the release bridge (31) has a threaded hole for a removable pull-out screw connection; the inspection groove (18) avoids the narrow lip of the capture return head, and the guide liner (12) has an opening at the corresponding position of the inspection groove (18); the maintenance cover (19) is fixed at the end position to the double groove guide seat (10) and its removable end stop by a removable fastener.

8. The external wall panel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pre-embedded anchor plate (15) on the back of the concrete slab (1) is connected to the load-bearing bracket (20). The load-bearing bracket (20) is supported on the pressure pad (23) of the main support (21) by the leveling screw (22). The main support (21) is connected to the anti-lifting baffle (24) which maintains the anti-lifting gap with the load-bearing bracket (20). The load-bearing bracket (20) and the return angle tongue (9) are set separately.

9. The external wall panel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower part of the back of the concrete slab (1) is provided with a wind-resistant sliding joint seat (25). The opposite groove wall of the wind-resistant sliding joint seat (25) is provided with a horizontally extending sliding joint hole. The sliding pin (26) passes through the sliding joint hole and is connected to the main body side restraint member. The shoulder of the sliding pin (26) is located on the outside of the opposite groove wall. A joint sealing strip (27) is provided between the reinforcing frame and the concrete slab (1). The cross section of the joint sealing strip (27) can deform with relative displacement.

10. The external wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete slab (1) is provided with two layers of steel mesh (2), and the prestressed tie rod (3) is set between the two layers of steel mesh (2) and passed through the isolation sleeve (4). The anchor end area corresponding to the bearing foot of the bifurcated bearing saddle (5) is provided with anchor end stirrups (28) around the prestressed tie rod (3). The embedded anchor plate (15) is anchored into the concrete slab (1) through the anchoring bend (16). The upper end of the concrete slab (1) is provided with a hoisting anchor (29) that is set separately from the prestressed tie rod (3).

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