A brick column reinforcing device and a method for disassembling a reinforcing base plate thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a brick column reinforcement device and its reinforcement base disassembly method, belonging to the field of building structure reinforcement technology. The device consists of four L-shaped outer supports spliced ​​into a ring clamp structure. The outer supports have built-in pressurized cavities and pressurized ports, enabling uniform pre-tightening reinforcement. A detachable auxiliary plate is installed on the inner side of the outer supports, with a pre-embedded heat-responsive disassembly capsule. Combined with a special microbial repair modified mortar, it achieves integrated functions of brick column reinforcement, crack self-repair, and non-destructive disassembly. This invention adopts a fully modular mechanical splicing design. Furthermore, the microbial modified mortar can autonomously mineralize and repair minute cracks in the brick column, improving structural durability. This invention provides uniform and stable reinforcement, is convenient to construct, has wide applicability, and allows for the recycling of components. It solves the technical problems of irreversible, easily damaged, and lacking repair function in traditional brick column reinforcement, making it suitable for the protective reinforcement and repair of brick columns in ordinary old buildings and historical buildings, possessing extremely high engineering application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of building structure reinforcement and protective restoration of cultural relics buildings, specifically to a brick column reinforcement device and a method for disassembling the reinforcement base plate. Background Technology

[0002] Masonry structures are one of the most widely used structural forms in my country's civil buildings, industrial plants, and ancient and cultural relics buildings. Many old buildings, traditional residences, temples, ancestral halls, and other historical buildings with a construction life exceeding ten years use brick columns as the core vertical load-bearing components to bear the vertical load and horizontal seismic load of the main structure. Due to the advantages of readily available materials, low cost, and simple construction, brick column masonry structures have been widely used in modern building construction. However, due to the influence of material properties, construction techniques, service environment, and long-term load effects, brick columns are highly susceptible to various structural damages during long-term use.

[0003] Specifically, common forms of damage to brick columns mainly include: long-term wind and rain erosion, and masonry efflorescence, powdering, and spalling caused by alternating wet and dry conditions; vertical and diagonal through cracks caused by temperature stress and settlement stress; bending deformation and cross-sectional damage of brick columns due to long-term overload service; and structural loosening and mortar joint detachment caused by alternating loads such as earthquakes and light wind vibrations. These types of damage directly lead to a significant decrease in the vertical bearing capacity and horizontal shear bearing capacity of brick columns, resulting in structural integrity and stability failure. In severe cases, this can cause wall cracking, building tilting, or even collapse, posing a significant threat to the safety of building use.

[0004] Currently available detachable brick column reinforcement devices mostly employ a single bolt-fastening structure, which suffers from uneven stress distribution, localized stress concentration, poor adaptability, and inability to repair cracks. Furthermore, the disassembly process is cumbersome and still carries the risk of minor secondary damage, failing to simultaneously meet the multiple needs of efficient reinforcement, non-destructive disassembly, damage repair, and cultural relic preservation. Given these shortcomings, developing a modular, reversible brick column reinforcement device that can simultaneously repair cracks and allows for rapid, non-destructive disassembly is an urgent need in the fields of building reinforcement and cultural relic restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of one or more embodiments of this specification is to propose a brick column reinforcement device and a method for disassembling the reinforcement base plate, so as to achieve the technical effects of efficient reinforcement of brick columns, self-repair of cracks, non-destructive and rapid disassembly, and component recycling, while taking into account the needs of reinforcement of ordinary old buildings and protective repair of historical and cultural buildings.

[0006] Based on the above objectives, one or more embodiments of this specification provide a brick column reinforcement device: comprising four identical L-shaped external supports, wherein the four L-shaped external supports are interconnected by threaded fixing rods and nuts to form a complete clamp structure fitted around the brick column. The L-shaped outer support has a through cavity inside, and each of the two ends of the outer support is provided with at least one pressure port, which extends into the cavity and communicates with the cavity. At least two parallel through holes are provided on each of the two end faces of the L-shaped outer bracket. The end faces of two adjacent L-shaped outer brackets are fixedly connected by two threaded fixing rods passing through the through holes and matching nuts. The inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket is bonded with a top plate through a flexible rubber layer. The reinforcement device also includes two auxiliary plates, which are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the L-shaped outer bracket, and the upper and lower ends of the auxiliary plates are respectively fixed by the upper and lower inner walls of the L-shaped outer bracket. Multiple disassembly capsules are evenly embedded in the auxiliary plate. The disassembly capsules are sealed thin-walled plastic capsules filled with thermal expansion material. The inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket has a groove corresponding to the position of the auxiliary plate. The edge of the auxiliary plate is embedded in the groove to achieve positioning and fixation.

[0007] Furthermore, it also includes multiple extension plates, and the two end faces of the extension plates are also provided with through holes that are the same as the end faces of the L-shaped outer brackets. The extension plates are connected between two adjacent L-shaped outer brackets by threaded fixing rods and nuts. The inner wall of the extension plate is also provided with the same groove as the inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket, and an auxiliary groove is provided at the matching groove of the extension plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the thermal expansion material filling the disassembled capsule is sodium bicarbonate or ammonium bicarbonate; Sodium bicarbonate has a decomposition temperature greater than 50℃, complete decomposition at 270℃, and the gas expansion ratio of 1 mol sodium bicarbonate after complete decomposition is 22.4 L under standard conditions. Ammonium bicarbonate has a decomposition temperature above 36℃.

[0009] Furthermore, a filling space is formed between the inner surface of the auxiliary plate and the surface of the brick column for applying repair modified mortar; The modified mortar for repair comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of calcareous lime, 5-15 parts of microbial repair agent, 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.5-2 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1-3 parts of iron oxide red, and an appropriate amount of water.

[0010] Furthermore, the main component of the microbial remediation agent is Bacillus pasteurellii, with a bacterial concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 -1×10¹¹ cells / ml, the microbial repair agent can be replaced by an equivalent inorganic crystalline repair agent.

[0011] Furthermore, the L-shaped outer bracket is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, the inner wall of the cavity is provided with an anti-corrosion coating, and the pressure port is equipped with a sealing joint; The top plate is made of rubber or polyurethane elastic material with a Shore hardness of 40-60 degrees.

[0012] Furthermore, the auxiliary panel is made of gypsum or lightweight concrete material; The disassembly capsules are arranged in a plum blossom pattern within the auxiliary plate, with a spacing of 100-200mm.

[0013] Furthermore, a method for disassembling a reinforced substrate as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1. Disassembly of the outer bracket: First, discharge the pressurizing medium in the inner cavity of the L-shaped outer bracket through the pressurization port to release the pre-tightening force on the brick column; then, unscrew the nuts on all the threaded fixing rods in sequence, pull out the threaded fixing rods, and disassemble the four L-shaped outer brackets and extension plates from the brick column as a whole. S2. Disassembly of the auxiliary plate: The outer surface of the auxiliary plate is uniformly heated using heating equipment, with the heating temperature controlled between 150-200℃ and the heating time between 5-15 minutes. This causes the disassembly capsule to decompose and expand due to heat, which in turn causes the auxiliary plate to develop a network of cracks and separate from the brick column. The cracked auxiliary plate is then cleaned up. S. Surface treatment of brick columns: Thoroughly clean the residual mortar and debris on the surface of the brick columns, and perform fine polishing and aging treatment on the surface of the brick columns to restore the original appearance of the brick columns.

[0014] Furthermore, the heating device mentioned in step S2 is a hot air gun or an explosion-proof blowtorch, and the heating process is uniform heating over the entire area without any local high temperature concentration points.

[0015] Furthermore, when disassembling the capsule filling material, which is ammonium bicarbonate, the heating temperature in step S2 is controlled at 80-120℃, the heating time is 3-8 minutes, and the construction environment is kept ventilated.

[0016] Compared with existing traditional brick column reinforcement techniques, this invention has the following outstanding advantages: 1. Integrated reinforcement and repair with excellent durability. The innovative integrated microbial mineralization repair technology allows the special modified mortar to autonomously fill and repair micro-cracks and pores in brick columns and masonry, repairing structural defects at their source, preventing the continuous expansion of damage, and significantly improving the durability of brick column structures. This solves the technical shortcomings of traditional reinforcement that only restricts but does not repair.

[0017] 2. Easy disassembly with no secondary damage. Utilizing heat-triggered expansion disassembly capsule technology, the auxiliary plate can be uniformly cracked and separated by low-temperature heating, eliminating the need for destructive operations such as chiseling, cutting, and grinding. The entire process is impact-free and free from bumps, completely avoiding secondary damage to the original brick column during disassembly.

[0018] 3. Wide adaptability and high reusability. The size of the reinforcement device can be flexibly adjusted by adding or removing extension plates to adapt to brick columns with different square cross-section specifications; all metal components can be completely reused after disassembly, with no waste of consumables, greatly reducing the cost of engineering reinforcement and saving energy and protecting the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only one or more embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the L-shaped external support of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary plate and disassembly capsule installation structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the extension plate connection structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the overall assembly structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. L-shaped outer support, 2. auxiliary plate, 3. brick column, 11. pressure port, 12. threaded fixing rod, 13. nut, 14. extension plate, 15. groove, 16. auxiliary groove, 17. inner cavity, 18. through hole, 19. top plate, 21. disassembling capsule. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of this specification should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in one or more embodiments of this specification do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0024] Example 1: like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a quick-disassembly brick column reinforcement device. The main body consists of four identical L-shaped outer supports 1, two sets of auxiliary plates 2, multiple sets of threaded fixing rods 12 and nuts 13, and an extension plate 14. The four L-shaped outer supports 1 are connected in pairs and locked in place by two threaded fixing rods 12 through through holes 18 and nuts 13, forming a square clamp structure that covers and fixes the outer perimeter of the brick column 3, forming an overall reinforcement system.

[0025] In this embodiment, the L-shaped outer support 1 is made of 6061-T6 aviation aluminum alloy, which is lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant. The single outer support arm is 300mm long, 100mm wide, and 20mm thick, suitable for standard 240mm×240mm and 370mm×370mm brick columns. The outer support 1 has a closed, through-hole cavity 17 measuring 10mm×10mm. The inner wall of the cavity 17 is coated with a 0.1mm thick epoxy resin anti-corrosion coating, effectively resisting hydraulic oil corrosion and extending the equipment's service life. At each end of the outer support 1, there is an M10×1 internal thread pressure port 11, which is fully connected to the cavity 17. The pressure port 11 is equipped with a copper sealing connector, allowing for quick connection to hydraulic pressurization equipment. After pressurization, it can be sealed and locked to prevent media leakage and pressure drop.

[0026] Two symmetrical 12mm diameter through holes 18 are made on the upper and lower joint surfaces of the L-shaped outer bracket 1. The two through holes are arranged in parallel with a center-to-center distance of 50mm. Two M10 threaded fixing rods 12 are used to fix the joints of adjacent outer brackets, and are locked with hexagonal nuts 13. The double rod limiting structure can completely prevent the outer bracket from twisting or shifting under stress, ensuring the symmetry and stability of the overall structure. The inner wall of the outer bracket 1 is bonded to the top plate 19 with a 3mm thick nitrile flexible rubber layer. The top plate 19 is made of polyurethane elastic board with a Shore hardness of 50 and a thickness of 5mm. It has excellent elastic fitting performance, can adapt to the uneven texture of the brick column surface, eliminate rigid contact stress, and ensure uniform distribution of reinforcement pressure.

[0027] The outer bracket 1 has symmetrical grooves 15 on its upper and lower inner walls. The grooves 15 are 16mm wide and 5mm deep. Two sets of auxiliary plates 2 are respectively snapped into the upper and lower grooves 15, achieving all-round positioning and fixation through the outer bracket 1. The auxiliary plates 2 are made of high-strength gypsum material with an overall thickness of 15mm. They are uniform in texture, moderate in strength, easy to crack, and leave no hard residue. The auxiliary plates 2 are evenly inlaid with disassembly capsules 21 in a quincunx pattern at 150mm intervals. The disassembly capsules 21 are thin-walled polyethylene sealed capsules with a diameter of 8mm and a length of 20mm. The wall thickness is 0.2mm, and the capsules are filled with analytical grade sodium bicarbonate powder, with a single capsule filling amount of 0.5g.

[0028] In this embodiment, for standard cross-section brick columns, there is no need to install the extension plate 14; the outer support can be directly connected and assembled. A 10mm mortar filling layer is reserved between the auxiliary plate 2 and the surface of the brick column 3, and the filling layer is coated with repair modified mortar. The mortar is prepared by weight ratio as follows: 40 parts calcareous lime, 10 parts Bacillus pasteurellium microbial repair agent, 15 parts diatomaceous earth, 1 part polypropylene fiber, 2 parts iron oxide red, and 25 parts water. The preparation process of the microbial repair agent is as follows: Bacillus pasteurellium strain DSM33 is inoculated into liquid culture medium, cultured at 30℃ and 150rpm for 24h with shaking, centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10min, washed twice with physiological saline, and adjusted to a bacterial concentration of 5×10⁻⁶. 9 cells / ml; the culture medium formula was 5 g / L peptone, 3 g / L beef extract, 20 g / L urea, 5 g / L sodium chloride, and pH 7.2.

[0029] The specific construction and assembly process in this embodiment is as follows: 1. Base treatment: Clean the surface of the brick column 3 of dust, oil stains, efflorescence and loose masonry. Use a wire brush to thoroughly grind the brick surface to expose the fresh and dense masonry structure. Rinse with clean water and let it air dry to ensure that the base is clean and free of impurities.

[0030] 2. Mortar application: Apply the prepared repair modified mortar evenly to the area of ​​the brick column to be reinforced. The application thickness should be strictly controlled to 10mm. Smooth and compact it manually to ensure that the mortar fully penetrates and fills the fine cracks and pores on the surface of the brick column, and the surface is flat and free of hollows.

[0031] 3. Auxiliary plate assembly: Before the mortar initially sets, attach the prefabricated auxiliary plate 2 to the mortar surface and press it lightly to ensure that the auxiliary plate is tightly attached to the mortar, with the edges aligned and neat. Use a small amount of mortar of the same proportion to seal the joints to prevent mortar leakage and hollow areas.

[0032] 4. Assembly of the outer support: The four L-shaped outer supports 1 are wrapped around the outer perimeter of the brick column 3 in sequence, so that the edge of the auxiliary plate 2 is precisely embedded in the groove 15 of the inner wall of the outer support to achieve positioning and limiting; the threaded fixing rod 12 is inserted through the connecting hole 18, and the nut 13 is initially tightened to complete the assembly of the overall frame.

[0033] 5. Pressurization and reinforcement: Connect the hydraulic pump to the pressurization port 11, inject hydraulic oil into the inner cavity 17 at a uniform speed, and slowly pressurize to a pre-tightening pressure of 0.3MPa to make the outer support evenly fit the brick column, form a stable constraint stress, lock the pressurization port sealing joint, and remove the pressurization equipment.

[0034] 6. Final tightening and fixing: After pre-tightening, tighten all nuts 13 again to ensure that the tightening force at each joint is consistent and the structure is evenly stressed.

[0035] 7. Curing and shaping: Curing for 7 days at room temperature (15-30℃), avoiding external impacts and squeezing to reinforce the structure, ensuring that the mortar microorganisms fully react and solidify, and completing the repair of brick column cracks and structural reinforcement.

[0036] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for disassembling a quickly detachable brick column reinforcement device, adapted to the reinforcement structure assembled in Embodiment 1. The specific operation steps are as follows: S1. External bracket disassembly: First, open the sealing joint of the pressure port 11 and slowly release the hydraulic oil inside the inner cavity 17 to completely release the pre-tightening constraint of the external bracket on the brick column and avoid structural rebound and impact during the disassembly process; use a wrench to unscrew all the locking nuts 13 in sequence, pull out all the threaded fixing rods 12, and completely remove the four L-shaped external brackets 1. Clean the surface oil and residue and store them for later use. The metal components can be 100% reused.

[0037] S2. Non-destructive disassembly of the auxiliary panel: A 2000W industrial hot air gun is used as the heating device. The entire surface of the auxiliary panel is heated uniformly at a distance of 100mm, with the heating temperature strictly controlled and maintained at 180℃ for 10 minutes. During heating, the sodium bicarbonate in the disassembly capsule 21 inside the auxiliary panel 2 gradually decomposes upon heating. Decomposition begins at 50℃ and reacts rapidly at 180℃, producing a large amount of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The capsule expands rapidly, forming uniform expansion stress inside the auxiliary panel, causing a network of fine cracks to form, completely separating the entire panel from the mortar layer and brick column surface. After heating, the auxiliary panel is gently tapped with a rubber mallet to allow it to naturally break and fall off. All panel residue and laitance are thoroughly cleaned.

[0038] S3. Refined treatment of brick columns: Use a wire brush to clean the surface of the brick columns of residual mortar debris and dust, and use 80-grit sandpaper to polish the entire brick surface to remove residual hardened mortar and stains; according to the original color and texture of the brick columns, use the same source of brick powder and lime paste to make an aging material to age the polished area, repair the polishing marks, and completely restore the original appearance of the brick columns without any construction residue or secondary damage.

[0039] Example 3 This embodiment is structurally similar to Embodiment 1, except that the internal filling material of the disassembled capsule 21 is replaced with ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium bicarbonate has low-temperature decomposition characteristics, and the decomposition reaction can be initiated at 36°C, resulting in higher gas production efficiency and a larger expansion ratio. In this embodiment, the heating temperature is controlled at 100°C, and the auxiliary plate can be cracked and separated in 5 minutes, significantly reducing the energy consumption and construction time of the heating operation. Because the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate will produce trace amounts of ammonia gas, good ventilation must be maintained at the construction site during the construction process, making it suitable for emergency operation scenarios involving low-temperature construction and rapid disassembly.

[0040] Example 4 This embodiment is basically the same in structure as Embodiment 1, except that the microbial repair agent is replaced with an inorganic crystallizing repair agent. The crystallizing repair agent is formulated in the following weight proportions: 30 parts sodium silicate, 20 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts calcium oxide, and 20 parts fly ash. This repair agent does not require a microbial survival environment and can react rapidly in low-temperature, dry, and oxygen-deficient environments, solidifying to form insoluble calcium silicate and calcium phosphate crystals. These crystals can quickly fill cracks and pores in brick columns, exhibiting fast curing speed and high strength. It is suitable for special construction environments such as low-temperature winters in northern regions and dry Gobi deserts, overcoming the shortcomings of microbial repair agents that are dependent on temperature and humidity.

[0041] Example 5 This embodiment is structurally similar to Embodiment 1, except that the auxiliary plate 2 is made of lightweight concrete with a mix ratio of 20 parts cement, 30 parts fly ash, 40 parts perlite, and 10 parts water. The lightweight concrete auxiliary plate has higher structural strength and durability, making it suitable for reinforcing brick columns in industrial buildings under long-term service and high loads. During disassembly, the heating temperature is increased to 200℃ and the heating time is extended to 15 minutes to ensure the disassembly capsule fully decomposes and expands, generating sufficient stress to crack the high-strength concrete auxiliary plate, thus completing the non-destructive disassembly.

[0042] Experimental verification To verify the reinforcement performance, disassembly performance and repair effect of the present invention, a special comparative test was conducted. The test specimens were standard brick columns of uniform size 240mm×240mm×720mm, divided into a blank control group and the reinforcement test group of the present invention, with 3 specimens in each group, and the test data were averaged.

[0043] 1. Axial compression bearing capacity test: The ultimate bearing capacity of the unreinforced brick column in the blank group was 185kN. The ultimate bearing capacity of the brick column after reinforcement in Example 1 of this invention reached 315-325kN, with the bearing capacity increased by 68%-75%, the ultimate deformation of the brick column increased by 2.6 times, the structural deformation resistance and bearing stability were greatly improved, and the reinforcement effect was significantly better than that of traditional mortar reinforcement.

[0044] 2. Non-destructive disassembly test: The results of repeated disassembly tests on multiple sets of specimens show that the disassembly process of this invention is simple to operate, with no chiseling or cutting operations throughout the process. After disassembly, the surface of the brick column is intact, without secondary damage such as cracks, breakage, or chipping. The component disassembly integrity rate is 100%, and it can be recycled and reused.

[0045] 3. Crack Repair Test: A 0.2-0.5mm wide crack in a brick column was prefabricated. After 28 days of reinforcement and curing with the modified mortar of this invention, cross-sectional observation showed that the internal cracks and masonry pores of the brick column were completely filled with calcium carbonate mineralization crystals, the crack closure rate was 100%, and the integrity and density of the brick column were greatly improved, thus solving the problem of crack expansion in brick columns from the root.

[0046] 4. Durability test: After 6 months of alternating wet and dry conditions and freeze-thaw cycle simulation test, the reinforcement system of this invention showed no signs of falling off, hollowing, or aging. The repaired area did not crack again, demonstrating excellent structural stability and durability, and is suitable for various complex service environments.

[0047] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this disclosure, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0048] Although this disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description.

[0049] One or more embodiments of this specification are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A brick column reinforcement device: comprising four identical L-shaped outer supports (1), wherein the four L-shaped outer supports (1) are interconnected by threaded fixing rods (12) and nuts (13) to form a complete clamp structure fitted around the brick column (3), characterized in that: The L-shaped outer support (1) has a through cavity (17) inside. At least one pressure port (11) is provided at each of the two ends of the outer support (1). The pressure port (11) extends into the cavity (17) and communicates with the cavity (17). At least two parallel through holes (18) are provided on each of the two end faces of the L-shaped outer bracket (1). The end faces of two adjacent L-shaped outer brackets (1) are fixedly connected by two threaded fixing rods (12) passing through the through holes (18) and matching nuts (13). The inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket (1) is bonded with a top plate (19) through a flexible rubber layer. The reinforcement device also includes two auxiliary plates (2), which are respectively set on the upper and lower sides of the L-shaped outer bracket (1). The upper and lower ends of the auxiliary plates (2) are fixed by the upper and lower inner walls of the L-shaped outer bracket (1). Multiple disassembly capsules (21) are evenly embedded in the auxiliary plate (2). The disassembly capsules (21) are sealed thin-walled plastic capsules filled with thermal expansion material. A groove (15) is provided on the inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket (1) at a position corresponding to the auxiliary plate (2). The edge of the auxiliary plate (2) is embedded in the groove (15) to achieve positioning and fixation.

2. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes multiple extension plates (14), and the two end faces of the extension plates (14) are also provided with through holes (18) that are the same as the end faces of the L-shaped outer brackets (1). The extension plates (14) are connected between two adjacent L-shaped outer brackets (1) by threaded fixing rods (12) and nuts (13). The inner wall of the extension plate (14) is also provided with the same groove (15) as the inner wall of the L-shaped outer bracket (1), and the extension plate (14) is provided with an auxiliary groove (16) at the matching groove (15).

3. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal expansion material filled inside the disassembly capsule (21) is sodium bicarbonate or ammonium bicarbonate; Sodium bicarbonate has a decomposition temperature greater than 50℃, complete decomposition at 270℃, and the gas expansion ratio of 1 mol sodium bicarbonate after complete decomposition is 22.4 L under standard conditions. Ammonium bicarbonate has a decomposition temperature above 36℃.

4. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner surface of the auxiliary plate (2) and the surface of the brick column (3) form a filling space for applying repair modified mortar; The modified mortar for repair comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of calcareous lime, 5-15 parts of microbial repair agent, 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth, 0.5-2 parts of polypropylene fiber, 1-3 parts of iron oxide red, and an appropriate amount of water.

5. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The main component of the microbial remediation agent is Bacillus pasteurellii, with a bacterial concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 -1×10¹¹ cells / ml, the microbial repair agent can be replaced by an equivalent inorganic crystalline repair agent.

6. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The L-shaped outer bracket (1) is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, and the inner wall of the inner cavity (17) is provided with an anti-corrosion coating. The pressure port (11) is equipped with a sealing joint. The top plate (19) is made of rubber or polyurethane elastic material with a Shore hardness of 40-60 degrees.

7. The quick-detachable brick column reinforcement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary panel (2) is made of gypsum or lightweight concrete. The disassembly capsules (21) are arranged in a plum blossom pattern within the auxiliary plate (2), with a spacing of 100-200mm.

8. A method for disassembling a reinforced substrate as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Disassembly of the outer bracket: First, discharge the pressurizing medium in the inner cavity (17) of the L-shaped outer bracket (1) through the pressurizing port (11) to release the pre-tightening force on the brick column (3); then unscrew the nuts (13) on all the threaded fixing rods (12) in sequence, pull out the threaded fixing rods (12), and disassemble the four L-shaped outer brackets (1) and the extension plate (14) from the brick column (3) as a whole. S2. Disassembly of the auxiliary plate: The outer surface of the auxiliary plate (2) is uniformly heated using a heating device. The heating temperature is controlled between 150-200℃ and the heating time is 5-15 minutes. The disassembly capsule (21) is heated and decomposed and expanded, causing the auxiliary plate (2) to produce a network crack and separate from the brick column (3). Then the cracked auxiliary plate (2) is cleaned. S3. Surface treatment of brick columns: Thoroughly clean the mortar and debris remaining on the surface of the brick columns (3), and perform fine polishing and antiquing treatment on the surface of the brick columns to restore the original appearance of the brick columns.

9. The method for disassembling a reinforced substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heating device mentioned in step S2 is a hot air gun or an explosion-proof blowtorch. The heating process is uniform heating over the entire area, with no local high temperature concentration points.

10. The method for disassembling a reinforced substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the filling material inside the capsule (21) is ammonium bicarbonate, the heating temperature in step S2 is controlled at 80-120℃, the heating time is 3-8 minutes, and the construction environment is kept ventilated.

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