Cable orienting seat and pack integrated perforating system and method of control

Abstract

This invention provides an integrated cable-guided perforation system and its control method. The ground control system connects the main control device of the perforation gun head, the directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforation gun via a cable. The directional device integrates an MCU, tilt measurement, carrier transceiver, and motor drive module. The main control device of the perforation gun head has a dual-diode branch circuit, relying on graded control of the polarity and voltage of the power supply. Forward power drives the bridge plug to set, reverse low voltage drives the motor to adjust the azimuth, and reverse high voltage triggers the perforation. The system achieves real-time transmission of downhole tilt data via bidirectional carrier waves, and the surface controls the perforation orientation in a closed loop. The advantages of this invention are: a single cable enables simultaneous setting, orientation, and perforation, reducing the number of tripping operations; the orientation accuracy can reach ±1°, meeting the requirements of high-precision perforation with fiber optic avoidance; it eliminates the need for wellhead swivel adjustment, eliminates cumulative angle errors, reduces labor costs, and improves the efficiency of perforation construction in offshore branch wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas well perforation and bridge plug setting technology, and more specifically to an integrated perforation system with cable directional setting and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Branch wells are an important means of achieving efficient utilization of complex reservoirs and improving recovery rates, and their application is becoming increasingly widespread in offshore oil and gas field development. Hollow directional drilling tools, with their advantages of full wellbore support, reservoir protection, and cementing-free operation, are widely used in offshore branch well completion operations. The perforation hole orientation of this tool must precisely correspond to the directional drilling tool's slope; azimuth deviations will directly interfere with the normal passage of subsequent branch well drilling tools, and may even lead to branch well drilling failure, seriously affecting completion quality.

[0003] Currently, for directional perforation operations on the inclined plane of branch wells, existing construction methods generally employ a perforation process using drill pipe carrying MWD (Measurement While Drilling) instruments, relying on rotating the drill string to adjust the perforation azimuth. This technical approach has the following significant drawbacks: (1) High operating costs: It requires large ground equipment such as drilling rigs and drill pipes, and the operating costs of offshore platforms are expensive, resulting in high single-well construction costs; (2) High risk of instrument damage: The strong impact load generated by the explosion of the perforation shell can easily damage the MWD precision instruments above, causing huge economic losses and posing a safety hazard to the operation; (3) Insufficient directional accuracy: The drill string is affected by factors such as deformation, well wall friction and torque transmission loss downhole, making it difficult to accurately transmit the rotation angle, resulting in a large perforation azimuth error, which is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision directional perforation. (4) Low construction efficiency: The drilling pipe tripping speed is slow. For deep wells and highly deviated wells, a single trip takes several hours, resulting in a long overall operation cycle and hindering the progress of oilfield development.

[0004] In addition, there is also a solution on site that uses a cable transmission positioning device in conjunction with a gyroscope inclinometer for step-by-step operation. This solution requires raising and lowering the pipe string multiple times, which is cumbersome. Furthermore, there is an accumulation of depth and orientation benchmark deviations between each operation, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the final perforation orientation.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, this invention proposes an integrated intelligent cable directional sealing perforation system and its control method. It abandons the drill pipe and MWD (Multi-Way Drilling) matching operation mode, relying on a single cable to be run into the tubing string at one time. It uses high-precision downhole tilt measurement and ground carrier communication to control the perforation azimuth in a closed loop, which has significant advantages such as accurate orientation, low cost, good instrument impact resistance, and high operation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an integrated cable directional sealing perforation system and its control method.

[0007] The cable-guided perforation system comprises a ground control system that connects the main control unit of the nozzle head, the directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforation gun in series via cables. The directional device houses a motor drive unit, an inclination measurement unit, an MCU main control unit, a signal receiving circuit, and a data transmitting circuit. These components are electrically connected to the MCU main control unit, which in turn is connected to the ground control system via the signal receiving and data transmitting circuits. The nozzle head main control unit is electrically connected to the motor drive unit, which is then connected to the bridge plug setting device via a transmission connection. The bridge plug setting device is fixedly connected to the perforation gun and electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device, the ignition circuit of the perforation gun, and the motor drive unit, respectively.

[0008] The main control device of the gun head is equipped with a dual diode power supply branch circuit. The dual diode power supply branch circuit is equipped with a cable power supply input terminal. The cable power supply input terminal is connected to the positive diode branch and the negative diode branch respectively. The positive diode branch is electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device. The negative diode branch is connected to the ignition circuit of the perforating gun and the motor drive unit respectively through a voltage separation circuit.

[0009] When the cable is powered in the forward direction, the current supplies power to the bridge plug setting device through the dual diode power supply branch circuit, completing the bridge plug setting drive operation. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is less than 80V, the current is supplied to the motor drive unit through the voltage separation circuit to complete the fine adjustment and correction of the perforation position. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is greater than 100V, the current flows through the voltage separation circuit to power the ignition circuit of the perforating gun, triggering the perforation ignition operation.

[0010] The control method for an integrated cable directional sealing perforation system includes the following specific steps: S1. The ground control system lowers an integrated pipe string consisting of the main control device of the gun head, the intelligent directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforating gun connected in series to the target operation position in the well via a cable. S2. The tilt measurement unit inside the directional device collects downhole attitude data in real time and transmits it to the MCU main control unit. After processing the attitude data, the MCU main control unit transmits it back to the ground control system via the data transmission circuit and cable. The ground control system displays and records the attitude data in real time. S3. The ground control system sends a heading signal, which is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device and sent to the MCU main control unit. The MCU main control unit controls the operation of the motor drive unit. The tilt measurement unit continuously collects attitude data and transmits it back to the ground. After repeated calibration, the motor drive unit stops running when the azimuth meets the standard. After receiving the attitude data, the ground control system calculates the deviation Δθ between the current perforation azimuth of the perforating gun and the preset target azimuth. When Δθ exceeds the preset allowable error threshold, the ground control system automatically generates a heading command. The heading command is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device. After the MCU main control unit parses the command, it controls the motor drive unit to start, and the drive motor rotates the perforating gun. During this process, the tilt measurement unit continuously transmits real-time attitude data. The ground control system dynamically corrects the heading command based on the real-time data, forming a closed-loop control until Δθ converges to within the preset allowable error threshold. At this point, the motor drive unit stops working and locks the current azimuth. S4. After confirming that the perforation azimuth meets the accuracy requirements, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to forward power supply. The current enters the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device through the forward diode branch of the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head, driving the hydraulic or mechanical setting mechanism to complete the setting and anchoring of the bridge plug in the casing. After the setting is completed, the setting is confirmed to be in place by the change of cable power supply current or pressure detection. S5. After the bridge plug is set, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to negative power supply, and the output voltage rises to the preset value. The current enters the voltage separation circuit through the negative diode branch in the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head. The voltage comparator compares the detected input voltage amplitude with the judgment threshold. When the judgment threshold is exceeded, the ignition circuit of the perforating gun is turned on, and the perforating bullet is detonated to complete the perforation operation. After the perforation is completed, the ground control system cuts off the power supply, removes the integrated tube string, and ends the operation.

[0011] The sampling frequency of the tilt measurement unit in S2 is higher than 10Hz.

[0012] In S2, the data transmission circuit transmits attitude data to the ground control system via cable using FSK frequency shift keying carrier mode.

[0013] The preset allowable error threshold in S3 is 1°.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Integrated operation, greatly improving work efficiency: The present invention adopts a dual diode power supply branch structure, and relies on the single cable polarity and voltage graded power supply to realize the integrated collaborative control of three operation modes: bridge plug setting, directional adjustment and perforation ignition. The traditional step-by-step operation is integrated into one cable run-down, which simplifies the downhole operation procedures, greatly reduces the number of trips for running and pulling the tubing string (from the traditional 3 to 4 trips to 1 trip), significantly improves construction efficiency, and reduces the time occupied by offshore platform operations.

[0015] (2) High directional accuracy and adaptable to complex working conditions: The device relies on downhole motor drive and high-precision tilt sensor to collect tool attitude in real time, and is equipped with bidirectional carrier communication to realize real-time closed-loop control between the ground and downhole. It abandons the traditional wellhead manual screwing of the tubing string for directional adjustment. The directional control accuracy can reach ±1°, which can fully meet the requirements of high-precision directional perforation construction conditions such as fiber optic avoidance with casing and precise alignment of branch well directional devices.

[0016] (3) Eliminate cumulative errors and reduce labor intensity: The ground control system can collect downhole tool attitude data in real time and form a closed-loop control to eliminate the cumulative angle error and depth transmission error caused by manual pipe rotation; at the same time, the manual rotation of the pipe string at the wellhead is eliminated, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of on-site construction personnel and improves the safety of operation.

[0017] (4) The instrument has good impact resistance and high reliability: This invention abandons the drilling-while-drilling scheme of precision electronic instruments such as MWD. ​​The core electronic components downhole have completed all measurement and orientation work before the perforation explosion. When the perforation is ignited, there is no need for the precision electronic components to work continuously, which effectively avoids the risk of perforation impact damage and significantly improves the system reliability.

[0018] (5) Significant cost advantage: No need for supporting large drilling rigs and drill rods and other ground equipment, only conventional cable operation tools are needed to complete the construction, which greatly reduces the cost of single well operation, especially suitable for offshore platform conditions where space is limited and operating costs are high. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the functional coordination control principle of the perforating gun and the bridge plug setting device; Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example like Figure 1As shown, the cable-oriented and seated integrated perforation system has a ground control system that connects the main control device of the gun head, the directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforation gun in series via cables. The directional device contains a motor drive unit, an inclination measurement unit, an MCU main control unit, a signal receiving circuit, and a data transmitting circuit. The motor drive unit, inclination measurement unit, signal receiving circuit, and data transmitting circuit are electrically connected to the MCU main control unit. The MCU main control unit is connected to the ground control system via the signal receiving circuit and the data transmitting circuit. The main control device of the gun head is electrically connected to the motor drive unit. The motor drive unit is driven by the bridge plug setting device. The bridge plug setting device is fixedly connected to the perforation gun and is electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device, the ignition circuit of the perforation gun, and the motor drive unit, respectively.

[0021] Preferably, this embodiment also employs a power conditioning circuit. This circuit can regulate the input power, dividing the power supply range and switching the power supply path based on the input voltage amplitude. Under low-voltage conditions, it supplies power to the motor drive unit, while under high-voltage conditions, it switches to supply power to the perforation gun ignition circuit. Simultaneously, it achieves electrical isolation between high and low voltage circuits, preventing high-voltage backflow from damaging precision downhole electrical control devices, avoiding the risk of accidental detonation, and smoothing voltage fluctuations to ensure stable power supply to all electrical components. In this solution, the motor drive unit, tilt measurement unit, MCU main control unit, signal receiving circuit, and data transmitting circuit all utilize existing mature technologies.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the main control device of the gun head is equipped with a dual diode power supply branch circuit. The dual diode power supply branch circuit is equipped with a cable power supply input terminal. The cable power supply input terminal is connected to the positive diode branch and the negative diode branch respectively. The positive diode branch is electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device. The negative diode branch is connected to the ignition circuit of the perforating gun and the motor drive unit respectively through a voltage separation circuit.

[0023] When the cable is powered in the forward direction, the current supplies power to the bridge plug setting device through the dual diode power supply branch circuit, completing the bridge plug setting drive operation. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is less than 80V, the current is supplied to the motor drive unit through the voltage separation circuit to complete the fine adjustment and correction of the perforation position. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is greater than 100V, the current flows through the voltage separation circuit to power the ignition circuit of the perforating gun, triggering the perforation ignition operation.

[0024] The control method for an integrated cable directional sealing perforation system includes the following specific steps: S1. The ground control system lowers an integrated string consisting of the main control device, intelligent directional device, bridge plug setting device, and perforating gun connected in series to the target working position in the well via a cable.

[0025] S2. The tilt measurement unit inside the directional device collects downhole attitude data in real time and transmits it to the MCU main control unit. After processing the attitude data, the MCU main control unit transmits it back to the ground control system via the data transmission circuit and cable. The ground control system displays and records the attitude data in real time.

[0026] Furthermore, the sampling frequency of the tilt measurement unit in S2 is higher than 10Hz.

[0027] Furthermore, in S2, the data transmission circuit transmits attitude data to the ground control system via cable using FSK frequency shift keying carrier mode.

[0028] S3. The ground control system sends a heading signal, which is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device and sent to the MCU main control unit. The MCU main control unit controls the operation of the motor drive unit. The tilt measurement unit continuously collects attitude data and transmits it back to the ground. After repeated calibration, the motor drive unit stops running when the azimuth meets the standard. After receiving the attitude data, the ground control system calculates the deviation Δθ between the current perforation azimuth of the perforating gun and the preset target azimuth. When Δθ exceeds the preset allowable error threshold, the ground control system automatically generates a directional adjustment command. The directional adjustment command is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device. After the MCU main control unit parses the command, it controls the motor drive unit to start, and the drive motor drives the perforating gun to rotate. During this process, the tilt measurement unit continuously transmits real-time attitude data. The ground control system dynamically corrects the directional adjustment command based on the real-time data, forming a closed-loop control until Δθ converges to within the preset allowable error threshold. At this point, the motor drive unit stops working and locks the current azimuth.

[0029] Furthermore, the preset allowable error threshold in S3 is 1°.

[0030] S4. After confirming that the perforation orientation meets the accuracy requirements, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to forward power supply. The current enters the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device through the forward diode branch of the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head, driving the hydraulic or mechanical setting mechanism to complete the setting and anchoring of the bridge plug in the casing. After the setting is completed, the setting is confirmed to be in place by detecting the change in cable power supply current or pressure.

[0031] Preferably, in this embodiment, the current is an output +200V DC power.

[0032] S5. After the bridge plug is set, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to negative power supply, and the output voltage rises to the preset value. The current enters the voltage separation circuit through the negative diode branch in the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head. The voltage comparator compares the detected input voltage amplitude with the judgment threshold. When the judgment threshold is exceeded, the ignition circuit of the perforating gun is turned on, and the perforating bullet is detonated to complete the perforation operation. After the perforation is completed, the ground control system cuts off the power supply, removes the integrated tube string, and ends the operation.

[0033] Preferably, in this embodiment, the output voltage is +120V. The judgment threshold is 100V.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cable directional sealing integrated perforation system, characterized in that: The ground control system connects the main control unit of the nozzle, the directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforating gun in series via cables. The directional device contains a motor drive unit, an inclination measurement unit, an MCU main control unit, a signal receiving circuit, and a data transmitting circuit. The motor drive unit, inclination measurement unit, signal receiving circuit, and data transmitting circuit are electrically connected to the MCU main control unit. The MCU main control unit is connected to the ground control system via the signal receiving circuit and the data transmitting circuit. The nozzle main control unit is electrically connected to the motor drive unit. The motor drive unit is driven by the bridge plug setting device. The bridge plug setting device is fixedly connected to the perforating gun and is electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device, the ignition circuit of the perforating gun, and the motor drive unit, respectively.

2. The cable directional sealing integrated perforation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control device of the gun head is equipped with a dual diode power supply branch circuit. The dual diode power supply branch circuit is equipped with a cable power supply input terminal. The cable power supply input terminal is connected to the positive diode branch and the negative diode branch respectively. The positive diode branch is electrically connected to the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device. The negative diode branch is connected to the ignition circuit of the perforating gun and the motor drive unit respectively through a voltage separation circuit.

3. The cable directional sealing integrated perforation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the cable is powered in the forward direction, the current supplies power to the bridge plug setting device through the dual diode power supply branch circuit, completing the bridge plug setting drive operation. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is less than 80V, the current is supplied to the motor drive unit through the voltage separation circuit to complete the fine adjustment and correction of the perforation position. When the cable is powered in the negative direction and the negative power supply voltage is greater than 100V, the current flows through the voltage separation circuit to power the ignition circuit of the perforating gun, triggering the perforation ignition operation.

4. A control method for an integrated cable directional sealing perforation system, implemented using the integrated cable directional sealing perforation system described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The specific steps include: S1. The ground control system lowers an integrated pipe string consisting of the main control device of the gun head, the intelligent directional device, the bridge plug setting device, and the perforating gun connected in series to the target operation position in the well via a cable. S2. The tilt measurement unit inside the directional device collects downhole attitude data in real time and transmits it to the MCU main control unit. After processing the attitude data, the MCU main control unit transmits it back to the ground control system via the data transmission circuit and cable. The ground control system displays and records the attitude data in real time. S3. The ground control system sends a heading signal, which is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device and sent to the MCU main control unit. The MCU main control unit controls the operation of the motor drive unit. The tilt measurement unit continuously collects attitude data and transmits it back to the ground. After repeated calibration, the motor drive unit stops running when the azimuth meets the standard. After receiving the attitude data, the ground control system calculates the deviation Δθ between the current perforation azimuth of the perforating gun and the preset target azimuth. When Δθ exceeds the preset allowable error threshold, the ground control system automatically generates a heading command. The heading command is transmitted via cable to the signal receiving circuit of the directional device. After the MCU main control unit parses the command, it controls the motor drive unit to start, and the drive motor rotates the perforating gun. During this process, the tilt measurement unit continuously transmits real-time attitude data. The ground control system dynamically corrects the heading command based on the real-time data, forming a closed-loop control until Δθ converges to within the preset allowable error threshold. At this point, the motor drive unit stops working and locks the current azimuth. S4. After confirming that the perforation azimuth meets the accuracy requirements, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to forward power supply. The current enters the drive circuit of the bridge plug setting device through the forward diode branch of the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head, driving the hydraulic or mechanical setting mechanism to complete the setting and anchoring of the bridge plug in the casing. After the setting is completed, the setting is confirmed to be in place by the change of cable power supply current or pressure detection. S5. After the bridge plug is set, the ground control system switches the cable power supply mode to negative power supply, and the output voltage rises to the preset value. The current enters the voltage separation circuit through the negative diode branch in the dual diode power supply branch circuit set in the main control device of the gun head. The voltage comparator compares the detected input voltage amplitude with the judgment threshold. When the judgment threshold is exceeded, the ignition circuit of the perforating gun is turned on, and the perforating bullet is detonated to complete the perforation operation. After the perforation is completed, the ground control system cuts off the power supply, removes the integrated tube string, and ends the operation.

5. The control method for the integrated cable directional sealing perforation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sampling frequency of the tilt measurement unit in S2 is higher than 10Hz.

6. The control method for the integrated cable directional sealing perforation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the data transmission circuit transmits attitude data to the ground control system via cable using FSK frequency shift keying carrier mode.

7. The control method for the integrated cable directional sealing perforation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset allowable error threshold in S3 is 1°.

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