Rock reaming anchor rod construction data analysis method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of rock reaming anchor rod construction, and provides a rock reaming anchor rod construction data analysis method and system.The method comprises the following steps: judging whether a first drilling machine has operation abnormity according to operation parameters of the first drilling machine; when the first drilling machine has operation abnormity, obtaining rock density and fracture connectivity of operation rock of the first drilling machine, and determining an influence radius of the first drilling machine according to the rock density and the fracture connectivity; obtaining an operation state of a second drilling machine in a target area, and judging whether operation abnormity reasons of the first drilling machine are other drilling machine influences according to a rock type of the operation rock of the first drilling machine and the operation state of the second drilling machine; when the operation abnormity reasons of the first drilling machine are not the other drilling machine influences, obtaining operation parameters of the second drilling machine, and determining the operation abnormity reasons of the first drilling machine according to the operation parameters of the first drilling machine and the operation parameters of the second drilling machine. Through the scheme, the efficiency of rock reaming anchor rod construction data analysis can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock borehole enlargement anchor construction technology, and in particular to a data analysis method and system for rock borehole enlargement anchor construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of rock borehole enlargement anchor bolts for large mountain tunnels, data analysis systems are typically deployed on-site to monitor key parameters such as drill bit rotation force and grouting pressure in real time. Existing technologies often treat each borehole operation as an independent event, building judgment models solely based on the operational information of individual equipment and geological responses.

[0003] However, in complex construction scenarios where multiple drilling rigs operate in close proximity, activities such as high-pressure grouting can artificially disturb the physical and mechanical properties of rocks in adjacent areas through rock fissures. When neighboring drilling rigs are operating in this area, the data they collect is actually the result of the combined effects of the original geological features and the artificial disturbances. Because existing analysis systems lack mechanisms to identify and separate the mutual interference between construction activities, they cannot distinguish this complex impact. They often misjudge data changes caused by adjacent construction as unknown complex geological mutations or equipment malfunctions, leading to unnecessary work stoppages and false alarms from data monitoring systems. This not only affects construction efficiency but also reduces the accuracy of construction quality assessment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a data analysis method and system for rock borehole enlargement anchor bolt construction, aiming to solve the technical problem that existing data analysis methods are unable to distinguish between environmental disturbances caused by grouting activities of nearby drilling rigs and actual geological anomalies or equipment failures when multiple drilling rigs are operating in close proximity, thus leading to misjudgments.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is as follows: In a first aspect, this application discloses a method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole reaming anchor bolts, comprising: acquiring the operating parameters of a first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod; the first drilling rig is used to perform borehole reaming anchor bolt construction operations on rock; determining whether the first drilling rig has any operational abnormalities based on its operating parameters; when the first drilling rig has operational abnormalities, acquiring the rock density and fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig, and determining the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity; acquiring the operating status of a second drilling rig within the target area. Based on the rock type of the working rock of the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig, it is determined whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs; the center of the target area is the position of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is the drilling rig other than the first drilling rig within the target area; the second drilling rig is used to carry out hole enlargement anchor bolt construction operations on the rock; when the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by the influence of other drilling rigs, the operating parameters of the second drilling rig are obtained, and the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is determined based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig.

[0006] Optionally, determining whether the first drilling rig has an operational anomaly based on its operating parameters includes: using the average value of the operating parameters as the average operating parameter value; using the average rate of change of the operating parameters as the average parameter change rate; obtaining the operating safety requirement index of the first drilling rig; using the product of a first value and a preset operating parameter value threshold as the target operating parameter value, and using the product of the first value and a preset parameter change rate threshold as the target parameter change rate threshold; the first value being the difference between 1 and the operating safety requirement index; determining whether the average operating parameter value is greater than the target operating parameter value; determining whether the average parameter change rate is greater than the target parameter change rate threshold; and determining that the first drilling rig has an operational anomaly when the average operating parameter value is greater than the target operating parameter value or the average parameter change rate is greater than the target parameter change rate threshold, otherwise determining that the first drilling rig does not have an operational anomaly.

[0007] Optionally, the influence radius of the first drilling rig is determined based on the rock density and fracture connectivity, including: using the product of the rock density of the working rock of the first drilling rig and a preset density influence coefficient as the initial influence radius; using the product of the initial influence radius and a second value as the influence radius of the first drilling rig; the second value is the sum of 1 and the fracture connectivity of the working rock of the first drilling rig.

[0008] Optionally, determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig includes: for each second drilling rig, determining whether the operating status of the second drilling rig is grouting; if the operating status of the second drilling rig is not grouting, determining that the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by other drilling rigs; if the operating status of the second drilling rig is grouting, treating the second drilling rig as the influencing drilling rig; obtaining the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type of the influencing drilling rig; and determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type, the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type of the influencing drilling rig.

[0009] Optionally, based on the rock type, the grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig, the grout flow rate, and the grout type, it is determined whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs. This includes: obtaining a first correspondence; the first correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple pieces of first information and multiple pieces of second information; the first information includes the rock type and the grout type, and the second information includes the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient and the grout flow rate sensitivity coefficient of the rock; taking the second information corresponding to the rock type and the grout type in the first correspondence as the target second information; and determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the target second information, the grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig, and the grout flow rate.

[0010] Optionally, based on the target second information, the grouting pressure and slurry flow rate affecting the drilling rig, it is determined whether the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs. This includes: multiplying the grouting pressure of each affecting drilling rig by the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient in the target second information as the pressure influence index of each affecting drilling rig; multiplying the slurry flow rate of each affecting drilling rig by the slurry flow rate sensitivity coefficient in the target second information as the flow rate influence index of each affecting drilling rig; obtaining the drilling rig distance between each affecting drilling rig and the first drilling rig; and determining whether the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs based on the pressure influence index, flow rate influence index, and drilling rig distance of each affecting drilling rig.

[0011] Optionally, based on the pressure impact index, flow impact index, and drilling distance of each affecting drilling rig, determine whether the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs, including: using the difference between 1 and the third value of each affecting drilling rig as the operation impact weight of each affecting drilling rig; the third value of each affecting drilling rig is the ratio of the drilling distance to the influence radius of each affecting drilling rig; using the average of the pressure impact index and flow impact index of each affecting drilling rig as the drilling rig impact index of each affecting drilling rig; based on the operation impact weight of each affecting drilling rig, using the weighted sum of the drilling rig impact indices of each affecting drilling rig as the external drilling rig impact index of the first drilling rig; determining whether the external drilling rig impact index of the first drilling rig is greater than a preset external drilling rig impact index threshold; if the external drilling rig impact index of the first drilling rig is greater than the preset external drilling rig impact index threshold, determine that the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs; if the external drilling rig impact index of the first drilling rig is less than or equal to the preset external drilling rig impact index threshold, determine that the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not affected by other drilling rigs.

[0012] Optionally, determining the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig includes: determining the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; determining the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the second drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the second drilling rig; determining a first similarity; the first similarity is the similarity between the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the second drilling rig; when the first similarity is greater than a first preset similarity threshold, determining that the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig is a change in the working rock; when the first similarity is less than or equal to the first preset similarity threshold, determining the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig.

[0013] Optionally, determining the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters includes: acquiring the parameter features of the operating parameters corresponding to each of the multiple drilling rig faults; determining a second similarity for each drilling rig fault; the second similarity being the similarity between the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter features of the operating parameters corresponding to the drilling rig fault; determining whether there is a second similarity greater than a second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities; when there is a second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, taking the drilling rig fault corresponding to the largest second similarity among the multiple second similarities as the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig; when there is no second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, determining the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig as an unknown cause.

[0014] Secondly, this application discloses a rock borehole reaming anchor bolt construction data analysis system, comprising: an acquisition device and a processing device; the acquisition device is used to acquire the operating parameters of a first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod of the drilling rig; the first drilling rig is used to perform borehole reaming anchor bolt construction operations on rock; the processing device is used to determine whether there is an operational abnormality of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; the processing device is further used to acquire the rock density and fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig when there is an operational abnormality, and to determine the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity; the processing device is further used to acquire The system obtains the operating status of the second drilling rig within the target area and determines whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being operated by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig. The center of the target area is the location of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is any drilling rig other than the first drilling rig within the target area. The second drilling rig is used for borehole enlargement and anchor bolt construction operations on the rock. The processing device is also used to obtain the operating parameters of the second drilling rig when the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by other drilling rigs, and to determine the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig.

[0015] Beneficial Effects: This application dynamically acquires and analyzes the operating parameters of the first drilling rig, and calculates the influence radius in the event of anomalies by combining geological parameters (density, fracture connectivity), effectively defining the high-pressure grouting operation area of ​​adjacent drilling rigs in multi-rig construction. By comparing and analyzing the operating status, grouting parameters, and external influence weights of adjacent drilling rigs with those of the target drilling rig, it can accurately separate the composite data fluctuations caused by adjacent drilling rigs from the original geological features. This method not only eliminates the interference of close-range multi-rig operations on the data monitoring system and reduces false alarms and unnecessary downtime caused by human disturbance, but also further distinguishes between geological abrupt changes and mechanical failures through parameter feature similarity matching, significantly improving the accuracy of rock borehole enlargement anchor bolt construction data analysis and the level of intelligent management at the construction site. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing construction data of a rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolt provided in this application; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating another data analysis method for rock borehole enlargement anchor bolts provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a rock borehole enlargement anchor bolt construction data analysis system provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the technical solution disclosed in this embodiment is as follows: S101. Obtain the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod of the drilling rig; the first drilling rig is used to carry out hole enlargement anchor bolt construction operations on rock.

[0019] S102. Determine whether there is any operational abnormality in the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters.

[0020] S103. When the first drilling rig has an operational abnormality, obtain the rock density and fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig, and determine the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity.

[0021] S104. Obtain the operating status of the second drilling rig within the target area, and determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being operated by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig.

[0022] The center of the target area is the location of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is any drilling rig other than the first drilling rig within the target area; the second drilling rig is used for borehole enlargement anchor bolt construction operations on the rock.

[0023] S105. When the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not affected by other drilling rigs, obtain the operating parameters of the second drilling rig, and determine the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig.

[0024] The following will combine Figure 2 The proposed solution will be explained in detail.

[0025] The operational logic of the above overall technical solution is as follows: First, the operating parameters of the first drilling rig are monitored to identify abnormal states. Once an anomaly is detected, it is not immediately attributed to equipment failure or geological changes, but rather a potential area affected by external disturbances (i.e., the radius of influence) is defined. Subsequently, the operating status of other drilling rigs (the second drilling rig) within this area is investigated to determine whether the anomaly is caused by external construction activities. If external influences are ruled out, the internal causes of the anomaly are investigated by comparing the operating parameters of different drilling rigs. Furthermore, the above logic does not simply add a step of judging whether there are other drilling rigs nearby, but rather breaks down the anomaly analysis process into four consecutive stages: "anomaly identification—determination of the scope of influence—verification of adjacent rig activities—refinement of anomaly attribution." The significance of this approach is that when the first drilling rig experiences an anomaly, it is first determined whether there is a second drilling rig that is spatially close enough, temporally overlapping enough, and whose construction status is sufficient to cause disturbance propagation; only when these conditions are not met does the analysis focus shift to internal causes such as drill bit wear, localized weak interlayers, and abnormal equipment hydraulic pressure. This allows for the gradual separation of geological factors, equipment factors, and adjacent construction disturbance factors that were originally mixed in the same set of operational parameters, making the path for determining the cause of anomalies clearer.

[0026] In one possible example, regarding "obtaining the operating parameters of the first drilling rig," a data logger can be installed on the drilling rig's control panel. On-site personnel can manually read and input the instantaneous rotational force values ​​of the drill rod at fixed time intervals to acquire the operating parameters. To ensure stable implementation of this acquisition process, the data logger can be connected to the signal output terminal of the drilling rig's existing control system, preferably connected to the torque detection signal corresponding to the rotational drive unit or its equivalent load signal. If the drilling rig itself is equipped with a controller and display terminal, the rotational force data can be directly read from the controller's communication interface, and the data logger can automatically append the acquisition time, drilling rig number, borehole number, and current construction stage identifier.

[0027] More specifically, regarding "determining whether the first drilling rig has operational abnormalities based on its operating parameters," after obtaining the instantaneous rotational force value, a fixed empirical safety threshold can be pre-set in the system. When the manually entered instantaneous rotational force value exceeds this fixed empirical safety threshold, the system directly triggers an alarm, determining that the first drilling rig has operational abnormalities. To ensure the practical implementation of this judgment method, the fixed empirical safety threshold is preferably not arbitrarily given, but rather compiled based on historical normal operating data from drilling rigs of the same model, drilling tools of the same type, similar rock types, and similar construction stages. Specifically, it can be established as follows: First, select a batch of operating data from existing projects or the early construction records of the current project that has been confirmed to have no equipment failures, no obvious interference from adjacent construction, and normal hole quality; then classify them according to drilling rig model, drill bit specifications, construction stage, and rock type; then extract the common stable range of rotational force from the corresponding category, and use the upper limit or near the upper limit of this range as the empirical safety threshold. This threshold setting is closer to the actual working conditions, avoiding frequent false alarms due to a threshold that is too low, or missed alarms due to a threshold that is too high. Furthermore, when using fixed empirical safety thresholds for initial judgment, a continuous verification condition can be added. This means that instead of immediately identifying an anomaly based on a single isolated sampling point exceeding the threshold, an anomaly determination is triggered only after exceeding the threshold in several consecutive sampling points, or after multiple instances of exceeding the threshold within a short period. The reason for this approach is that factors such as short-term drill bit collisions with localized hard particles, instantaneous drill rod vibrations, and manual data entry errors can all cause single-point anomalies, while continuous exceeding of limits better reflects genuine operational anomalies. If the system detects an exceedance but quickly returns to the normal range, this situation can be marked as an event to be observed, rather than directly proceeding to the subsequent influence radius analysis process, thereby reducing unnecessary investigation burden.

[0028] In some implementations, the process of "obtaining the rock density and fracture connectivity of the working rock of the first drilling rig, and determining the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity" can be achieved by directly extracting the rock density and fracture connectivity of the current working face rock from the geological exploration report before construction. Subsequently, a "rock property-influence radius mapping table" is pre-constructed, which records empirical values ​​of fixed influence radii corresponding to different combinations of density and connectivity intervals. By inputting the extracted rock density and fracture connectivity into this mapping table for matching, the influence radius of the first drilling rig can be directly queried and determined. To ensure the executability of this mapping table, it is preferable to predefine the formation process of the "rock property-influence radius mapping table". Specifically, the following method can be used to establish the mapping table: First, in several representative sections where construction has been completed, collect data on rock density, fracture connectivity, drilling rig spacing, grouting diffusion records, disturbance of parameters of adjacent drilling rigs, and the final verified range of influence for each section. Then, divide these sections into several density intervals based on rock density and several connectivity intervals based on fracture connectivity. Subsequently, statistically analyze the common distance ranges where significant parameter disturbances occur in adjacent drilling rigs under each set of intervals, and write representative values ​​within these distance ranges into a mapping table to form a correspondence of "a certain density interval—a certain connectivity interval—a certain influence radius." This mapping table is not arbitrarily set but derived from actual construction observation results, making it more suitable for rapid on-site determination. Furthermore, when the rock density and fracture connectivity in the geological exploration report are given by section, and the actual borehole location of the first drilling rig is located near the boundary between two sections, the corresponding sections can be further refined by combining borehole location coordinates, face mileage, borehole inclination angle, and borehole depth range. If the working area of ​​the first drilling rig spans multiple lithological layers, the attribute of the layer closest to the depth where the anomaly occurred can be selected as the primary basis, or a comprehensive judgment can be made based on the length occupied by each layer. This approach can avoid the distortion of the influence radius caused by directly applying the average geological parameters of the entire section.

[0029] After determining the radius of influence, a target area is delineated with the first drilling rig as the center. Using the construction site's wireless communication network, operation logs from all second drilling rigs within this area are received, and their current operational status (e.g., whether drilling is underway, whether they are stopped, etc.) is extracted. Considering the rock type of the rock where the first drilling rig is located (e.g., granite, schist), the status of the second drilling rigs is analyzed to determine if their status is sufficient to cause disturbance across this rock type, thus identifying the cause of the anomaly. If it is confirmed that no other drilling rigs are active within the target area, or that the activity of other drilling rigs is insufficient to cause an impact, parameters from the second drilling rigs' historical normal operation are extracted and compared with the current abnormal parameters of the first drilling rig to determine whether the anomaly is due to drill bit wear or encountering an unexplored weak interlayer.

[0030] To ensure that the "operating status of the second drilling rig" can be effectively used for anomaly attribution, the operating status preferably includes at least whether the second drilling rig is running, its current construction stage, whether grouting has been performed recently, whether it is in a high-load drilling or reaming state, and how long this state has lasted. This is because different states have significantly different disturbance capabilities to adjacent rock masses. For example, a stopped state is unlikely to create new disturbance sources; while idling has limited impact on the rock mass, continuous drilling, reaming, or grouting is more likely to alter stress and grout distribution within fractures, thus affecting the first drilling rig. Furthermore, regarding "determining whether the cause of the first drilling rig's operational anomaly is due to the influence of other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig," a stratified judgment method can be used. First, spatial conditions are assessed: is the second drilling rig located within the influence radius? Second, temporal conditions are assessed: does the active operating period of the second drilling rig overlap with or closely follow the period when the first drilling rig experienced an anomaly? Third, state conditions are assessed: is the second drilling rig in a construction state sufficient to allow disturbance propagation? Finally, the likelihood of propagation is determined by considering the rock type. For example, in rocks with well-developed fissures, distinct bedding, or obvious foliation, the probability of disturbance propagation along structural planes is usually higher, while in rocks with strong integrity and underdeveloped fissures, the propagation range is usually more limited. Only when spatial, temporal, and state conditions are all met, and the rock type supports disturbance propagation, is the anomaly of the first drilling rig primarily attributed to the influence of other drilling rigs. If any of these key conditions are not met, the subsequent internal cause analysis process continues.

[0031] Furthermore, regarding "obtaining the operating parameters of the second drilling rig and determining the cause of the first drilling rig's operational anomaly based on the operating parameters of the first and second drilling rigs," a comparative benchmark sample approach can be used. Specifically, firstly, parameter segments consistent with the current rock type, construction stage, and drill bit configuration are extracted from the second drilling rig's historical normal operation records as normal reference segments; then, the parameter change characteristics of the first drilling rig during the current abnormal period are compared with these normal reference segments. If the first drilling rig exhibits a continuous increase in rotational force, a decrease in propulsion efficiency, and a relatively gradual change, it is more likely to be characterized by drill bit wear or drill bit dulling; if the first drilling rig exhibits a sudden decrease in rotational force, an abnormal increase in propulsion speed, or short-term instability, it is more likely to correspond to local weak interlayers, cavities, or fracture zones; if the parameter fluctuations of the first drilling rig are highly synchronized with the second drilling rig's grouting or borehole enlargement periods, it is more likely to be due to residual effects of nearby construction disturbances. Through this comparative analysis with operational constraints, the determination of the cause of the anomaly can be more targeted, rather than drawing general conclusions based solely on the level of a single parameter.

[0032] Through the aforementioned overall technical solution, when abnormal drilling operations are detected, an influence radius determination mechanism based on rock properties is introduced, and this mechanism is used to investigate the operational status of other drilling rigs within the target area. This progressive investigation logic fully considers the cross-influence of construction activities on the rock mass when multiple rigs are operating close together. This solution can effectively isolate data changes caused by adjacent construction activities, avoiding misjudging human disturbances as geological abrupt changes or equipment malfunctions, thereby accurately restoring the true rock mass information and construction status, and reducing unnecessary work stoppages for investigation. Its technical effect can be further understood from a causal chain perspective: since the abnormal data of the first drilling rig may simultaneously include changes in its own cutting resistance and the superimposed effects of external disturbances, directly using the abnormal data for geological judgment could easily misinterpret "parameter shifts caused by external disturbances" as "parameter shifts caused by abrupt changes in formation." However, in this solution, the influence radius is first determined using rock density and fracture connectivity, and then the operational status of the second drilling rig within that range is verified, which is equivalent to conducting a spatial and temporal screening of the external disturbance source. After this screening, the remaining abnormal data is closer to the actual operating conditions of the first drilling rig, thus improving the accuracy of subsequent judgments on drill bit wear, weak interlayers, or equipment abnormalities. For this reason, this approach not only reduces false alarms but also reduces repeated shutdowns for inspections, repeated geological checks, and unnecessary equipment disassembly and inspection caused by misjudgments.

[0033] Optionally, to further optimize the accuracy of anomaly detection, the specific technical solution disclosed in this embodiment is as follows: Determining whether the first drilling rig has an operational anomaly based on its operating parameters includes: using the average value of the operating parameters as the average operating parameter value; using the average rate of change of the operating parameters as the average parameter change rate; obtaining the operational safety requirement index of the first drilling rig; using the product of a first value and a preset operating parameter value threshold as the target operating parameter value, and using the product of the first value and a preset parameter change rate threshold as the target parameter change rate threshold; the first value being the difference between 1 and the operational safety requirement index; determining whether the average operating parameter value is greater than the target operating parameter value; determining whether the average parameter change rate is greater than the target parameter change rate threshold; and determining that the first drilling rig has an operational anomaly when the average operating parameter value is greater than the target operating parameter value or the average parameter change rate is greater than the target parameter change rate threshold; otherwise, determining that the first drilling rig does not have an operational anomaly.

[0034] This specific implementation plan introduces two dimensions: average operating parameter value and average parameter change rate. For example, when acquiring operating parameters, a sliding time window is used to calculate the average value of the rotational force, which is then used as the average operating parameter value. Simultaneously, the average trend of the rotational force value over time within this time window is calculated, which is used as the average parameter change rate. Further, the operating safety requirement index for the current operating area of ​​the first drilling rig is obtained from the construction management system. To avoid introducing fixed values ​​that are difficult to verify, the operating safety requirement index is preferably preset using a range-based or graded approach. For example, it can be divided into three levels: higher safety requirement, medium safety requirement, and general safety requirement, each corresponding to an index range with different magnitudes. The higher the safety requirement, the larger the corresponding index. Then, a first value is obtained based on this operating safety requirement index. This first value is then used to synchronously scale the preset operating parameter value threshold and the preset parameter change rate threshold to obtain the dynamically adjusted target operating parameter value and target parameter change rate threshold. Finally, the calculated average operating parameter value and average parameter change rate are compared with their corresponding target thresholds. If either exceeds the target threshold, it is considered abnormal.

[0035] To ensure the clear implementation of the above scheme, the principle of "using the average value of the operating parameters as the average operating parameter value" can be achieved through continuous time window aggregation. Specifically, the system continuously receives the rotational force data of the first drilling rig during the current construction phase and extracts multiple sampled values ​​within a preset time window. Then, it removes obviously missing values, duplicate values, and abnormal jump values ​​caused by communication jitter. Finally, it averages the remaining sampled values ​​to obtain the average operating parameter value corresponding to that time window. The reason for using a time window instead of a single-point value is that single-point values ​​are easily affected by instantaneous impacts, local block shedding, or short-term idling, while the window average value better reflects the overall load level within that period.

[0036] Regarding "using the average rate of change of operating parameters as the average parameter change rate," this can be achieved by comparing adjacent sampled values ​​segment by segment and then summarizing them. Specifically, the change amplitude between two adjacent sampled values ​​can be calculated first according to the time sequence, and then the rate of change for each small segment can be obtained by combining the corresponding time intervals. Finally, the rate of change for each small segment within the entire time window can be averaged to obtain the average parameter change rate. If the overall level of rotational force is not high within a certain time window, but the rate of change is abnormally drastic, it indicates that the drilling rig may be in an unstable cutting state, a state of crossing a local fracture zone, or a state affected by external disturbances. In this case, even if the average operating parameter value has not exceeded the target operating parameter value, the anomaly can still be identified by the average parameter change rate.

[0037] Regarding the "obtaining the operational safety requirement index for the first drilling rig," this can be achieved through the regional risk classification information in the construction management system. During the construction preparation phase, the construction management system can pre-assign different operational safety requirement indices to different work areas based on support design requirements, surrounding rock grade, construction location, sensitivity of the superstructure, adjacent existing structures, and safety management regulations. This index can be generated as follows: first, the project's technical management unit classifies the risk of each work area; then, the risk classification results are entered into the construction management system, forming a correspondence between "regional identifier and operational safety requirement index." When the first drilling rig begins operation, the system automatically retrieves the corresponding operational safety requirement index based on its borehole coordinates or its region number. This method ensures that the index has a clear source, avoiding subjective on-site setting.

[0038] Regarding the "preset operating parameter value thresholds" and "preset parameter change rate thresholds," the preferred approach is to obtain them through historical normal operating data. Specifically, a batch of normal construction records that were not affected by neighboring drilling rigs, did not experience equipment failures, and had qualified borehole quality can be selected first. These records are then categorized by drilling rig model, drilling tool specifications, construction stage, rock type, and operating area. Next, common upper limits for the average rotational force level and the common upper limits for the rate of parameter change are calculated for each category. Finally, these upper limits are compiled into the corresponding category's preset operating parameter value thresholds and preset parameter change rate thresholds, and stored in the threshold library. When the first drilling rig enters a certain operating condition, the system retrieves the threshold matching its operating condition from the threshold library as a benchmark value, and then dynamically adjusts it based on the operational safety requirement index. This process ensures that the thresholds retain a foundation of historical experience while also possessing adaptability to areas with different safety levels.

[0039] Through the aforementioned specific implementation scheme, by using average values ​​and average rate of change to replace instantaneous values, the system effectively smooths out accidental fluctuations in the data and filters out instantaneous noise interference. Simultaneously, an operational safety requirement index is introduced to dynamically scale the judgment threshold, ensuring that areas with higher safety requirements have stricter target thresholds. This mechanism, based on multi-dimensional data smoothing and dynamic threshold adjustment, significantly improves the anti-interference capability and adaptability of anomaly detection, meeting the refined management needs of different safety levels in complex construction environments. Further analysis of its technical effects reveals that the average operational parameter value is mainly used to identify whether the overall load level is too high, while the average parameter rate of change is mainly used to identify whether the load change is abnormally drastic; these two correspond to two different aspects of anomalies. The operational safety requirement index determines the system's sensitivity to anomalies. The combination of these three elements avoids missing drastic fluctuations by relying solely on average values, and also avoids ignoring sustained high load anomalies by focusing only on fluctuations, thus making the anomaly identification results more stable and more in line with the actual management needs of the construction site.

[0040] In some preferred embodiments, in order to more accurately define the influence range of external disturbances, the specific technical solution disclosed in this embodiment is as follows: determining the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on rock density and fracture connectivity includes: using the product of the rock density of the working rock of the first drilling rig and a preset density influence coefficient as the initial influence radius; using the product of the initial influence radius and a second value as the influence radius of the first drilling rig; the second value is the sum of 1 and the fracture connectivity of the working rock of the first drilling rig.

[0041] This specific implementation plan quantifies the decisive role of rock properties in the radius of influence. To avoid using unverified numerical values, the qualitative implementation process is explained below. First, the rock density of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig is obtained. This density can be derived from laboratory test results in the pre-construction geological exploration report or from the test results of core samples corresponding to the current working face. Then, a preset density influence coefficient is invoked. This preset density influence coefficient is preferably not a fixed, static value, but rather a coefficient rule pre-organized based on historical engineering data. Its meaning is to characterize the degree of influence of rock masses of different densities on the propagation distance of construction disturbance foundations. Generally, the higher the rock density, the greater the difference in the integrity of the rock mass and the characteristics of medium transmission. Therefore, a basic propagation range, i.e., the initial radius of influence, can be obtained based on the rock density. After obtaining the initial radius of influence, the fracture connectivity rate of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig is obtained, and a second value is derived accordingly. Since the second value is the sum of 1 and the fracture connectivity rate, as the fracture connectivity rate increases, the second value also increases, thus amplifying the final radius of influence relative to the initial radius of influence. The physical implication of this approach is that the initial radius of influence primarily reflects the basic propagation capacity under the conditions of the rock matrix, while the fracture connectivity reflects the enhancing effect of the fracture network on disturbance propagation. When it is easier for interconnected channels to form between fractures, grout, pore pressure changes, or stress disturbances are more likely to propagate along the fractures. Therefore, the final radius of influence should be further expanded beyond the basic propagation range.

[0042] To ensure a clear source for the "preset density influence coefficient," it can be pre-established as follows: Collect data on rock density, fracture connectivity, the location of the first drilling rig's anomaly, the actual influence distance of neighboring drilling rigs, and on-site verification results from multiple completed construction sections. Then, divide the rock density into several density levels, statistically analyze the actual influence distance for each density level, extract coefficient information representing the foundation propagation capacity of that level, and organize this information into a "density level—preset density influence coefficient" correspondence table. During construction, the system automatically retrieves the corresponding preset density influence coefficient based on the rock density level of the section where the first drilling rig is located. If the current project lacks sufficient historical data for the site, statistical results from sections with similar geological conditions in similar projects can be used as the initial coefficient source, and continuously corrected during the construction process of this project.

[0043] Regarding the acquisition of "rock density and fracture connectivity of the working rock of the first drilling rig," the specific acquisition path can be further explained. If detailed exploration data is available before construction, the rock density and fracture connectivity of the corresponding section can be directly extracted from the geological database based on the tunnel face mileage, borehole coordinates, and borehole design depth. If the resolution of the exploration data is insufficient, the rock properties of the current borehole location can be corrected by combining advanced geological forecast results, geological sketch records of the tunnel face, core logging results, and grouting diffusion feedback information. For example, if the geological report shows that a certain section is generally a moderately connected fractured rock mass, but significant directional diffusion, cross-grouting, or grout return from adjacent boreholes occurs during on-site grouting, the fracture connectivity near that borehole location can be corrected to a higher level to make the determination of the influence radius more consistent with the actual situation on site.

[0044] Through the specific implementation plan described above, rock density is used as the basic attenuation factor to determine the initial range, and fracture connectivity is used as an amplification factor for correction. The higher the fracture connectivity, the larger the second value, and the larger the final influence radius. This is consistent with the principle that fluids and stresses are more easily propagated in fractures. This quantitative calculation method based on the intrinsic physical properties of rock can more accurately characterize the propagation law of construction disturbances in complex rock masses, thereby precisely delineating the boundary of the target area and avoiding omissions or misjudgments caused by inaccurate delineation of the influence range. It provides a reliable spatial benchmark for subsequent investigation of external influences.

[0045] In some preferred embodiments, determining whether the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs, based on the rock type of the rock being worked on by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig, includes: for each second drilling rig, determining whether the operating status of the second drilling rig is grouting operation; if the operating status of the second drilling rig is not grouting operation, determining that the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not affected by other drilling rigs; if the operating status of the second drilling rig is grouting operation, designating the second drilling rig as the affecting drilling rig; obtaining the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type of the affecting drilling rig; and determining whether the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is affected by other drilling rigs based on the rock type, the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type of the affecting drilling rig.

[0046] This specific implementation plan clarifies that grouting operations are the core cause of disturbances in long-distance construction. Specifically, the system identifies whether a grouting operation is currently being performed by analyzing the real-time operation logs or control system status codes of each second drilling rig within the target area. Here, "operation status" can be understood as the operational identifier given by the drilling rig control system for the current process. For example, drilling status corresponds to the coordinated operation of the main slewing and propulsion mechanisms, reaming status corresponds to the operation of the reaming mechanism, and grouting status corresponds to the start of the grouting pump and the grout delivery pipeline being in the grout delivery path. To make status identification feasible, the operation status of the second drilling rig can be obtained in any of the following ways: first, directly reading the status variables in the drilling rig's electrical control cabinet, PLC, or host computer; second, reading the operation flag bit output by the intelligent grouting recorder; third, in construction sites where equipment is not uniformly networked, by collecting grouting pump start / stop signals, pipeline pressure switch status, and flow meter output, and combining these to determine whether grouting operations are underway.

[0047] Only when the second drilling rig is engaged in grouting operations is it upgraded to "affected drilling rig," and the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and currently used grout type (such as pure cement grout, cement-water glass two-component grout, etc.) are further extracted from its grouting pump control system. The grouting pressure is preferably collected using a pressure sensor installed on the grouting pump outlet manifold or near the borehole, and the unit can be MPa; the grout flow rate is preferably collected using an electromagnetic flowmeter, mass flowmeter, or volumetric flowmeter, and the unit can be L / min; the grout type can be obtained from the construction batching sheet, grouting formula management module, silo switching records, or manually entered team construction records. The grouting pressure determines the force required for the grout to overcome rock mass resistance and diffuse outwards, the grout flow rate reflects the total amount of grout injected into the rock mass and the scale of diffusion, while the grout type directly relates to the grout's viscosity, setting time, and fluidity in specific rock fissures. To avoid misjudgment caused by instantaneous fluctuations in sampling, the system can preferentially use the stable segment data within a preset time window before the anomaly occurs as the effective grouting parameters affecting the drilling rig. For example, the representative values ​​of several consecutive sampling points after noise reduction and distortion removal can be used as the judgment input.

[0048] The working principle of this specific implementation plan lies in its progressive logic of "initial screening of status—parameter extraction—comprehensive analysis," which focuses the complex investigation of adjacent drilling rig impacts on the most destructive and penetrating grouting operations. First, an initial screening using the operational status as a veto tool significantly reduces the amount of data required for subsequent calculations. Then, for drilling rigs confirmed to be in grouting mode, the three core parameters determining the grout diffusion characteristics are precisely extracted. This approach effectively solves the misjudgment problem caused by not distinguishing the operational status of adjacent drilling rigs in the aforementioned application scenarios. Its technical advantages lie in its ability to quickly and accurately pinpoint the true external disturbance source, avoiding the misinterpretation of weak vibrations generated during conventional drilling as the culprit causing the first drilling rig's anomaly. Furthermore, by introducing grouting pressure, flow rate, and grout type, it lays a solid data foundation for subsequent quantitative assessment of the propagation degree of grouting disturbance in specific rocks, significantly improving the scientific rigor and relevance of anomaly attribution. Furthermore, since the initial screening eliminates a large number of non-grouting drilling rigs, the system only needs to perform in-depth analysis on a small number of objects that are truly likely to be remotely disturbed. Therefore, in a multi-rig parallel construction site, it can reduce the computing resources occupied by data transmission, log parsing, and subsequent judgment, making the anomaly attribution results more suitable for real-time early warning and on-site joint handling.

[0049] Optionally, based on the rock type, the grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig, the grout flow rate, and the grout type, it is determined whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs. This includes: obtaining a first correspondence; the first correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple pieces of first information and multiple pieces of second information; the first information includes the rock type and the grout type, and the second information includes the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient and the grout flow rate sensitivity coefficient of the rock; taking the second information corresponding to the rock type and the grout type in the first correspondence as the target second information; and determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the target second information, the grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig, and the grout flow rate.

[0050] This specific implementation plan introduces a first correspondence to characterize the disturbance sensitivity under different geological and material combinations. The first information, serving as the query key, is composed of both rock type and grout type; the second information, as the query result, includes the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient and the grout flow rate sensitivity coefficient. These two sensitivity coefficients reflect the ease with which an increase in grouting pressure or grout flow rate will substantially alter the stress and seepage fields of the surrounding rock mass under specific rock and grout combinations. A larger sensitivity coefficient indicates that a change in that parameter is more likely to trigger long-distance disturbances. The system, through table lookup or database access, utilizes the current actual rock type and grout type to accurately match the corresponding target second information from the first correspondence, thereby transforming the originally isolated grouting parameters into effective evaluation indicators with geological and material context.

[0051] To more clearly and completely describe the formation process of this first correspondence, in an implementable example, the construction management platform can pre-aggregate grouting records, rock logging information, adjacent borehole disturbance results, and field verification conclusions from multiple completed projects to form a sample dataset. Each sample record includes at least: rock type, grout type, grouting pressure range, grout flow range, whether abnormal rotational force occurred in adjacent boreholes, the correspondence between the time of abnormality and the grouting time, and on-site verification opinions. Subsequently, technicians clean the samples according to unified standards, removing abnormal samples such as those due to equipment failure, sensor distortion, and construction interruption; then, based on the frequency and significance of disturbances under similar rock and grout combinations, corresponding grouting pressure sensitivity coefficients and grout flow sensitivity coefficients are given. These coefficients can be established using a hierarchical assignment method, such as using low, medium, relatively high, and high levels, and then mapped to numerical values ​​that can be processed by the program. The resulting first correspondence retains engineering experience and has a directly callable structured form.

[0052] The working principle of this specific implementation scheme is to transform qualitative rock types and grout types into quantitative sensitivity coefficients through a pre-constructed experience or experimental database, thereby weighting or correcting grouting pressure and grout flow rate. This mechanism fully considers the complex physical processes of fluid seepage in porous or fractured media, using geological conditions and engineering materials as constraints to dynamically adjust the weights of grouting parameters. Its technical advantage lies in effectively overcoming the drawbacks of analyzing grouting parameters in isolation from the geological and material context in the aforementioned application scenarios. By introducing grouting pressure sensitivity coefficients and grout flow rate sensitivity coefficients, the propagation potential of grouting disturbances under specific working conditions can be more objectively and realistically reproduced, avoiding excessive alarms due to high-pressure grouting in dense rock formations or underreporting of external influences due to low-pressure grouting in easily permeable rock formations, thus significantly improving the accuracy and robustness of anomaly attribution. Furthermore, since the first correspondence is continuously updated, the system can also write back the newly generated grouting records, abnormal records and manual review results to the sample library during the engineering implementation process, and revise the mapping table regularly so that subsequent judgments gradually conform to the geological characteristics of the actual construction area, thereby improving the inheritance and adaptability of similar projects.

[0053] In practical applications, the determination of whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs is based on the target second information, the grouting pressure and slurry flow rate affecting the drilling rig. This includes: multiplying the grouting pressure of each affecting drilling rig by the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient in the target second information as the pressure influence index of each affecting drilling rig; multiplying the slurry flow rate of each affecting drilling rig by the slurry flow rate sensitivity coefficient in the target second information as the flow rate influence index of each affecting drilling rig; obtaining the drilling rig distance between each affecting drilling rig and the first drilling rig; and determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the pressure influence index, flow rate influence index, and drilling rig distance of each affecting drilling rig.

[0054] This specific implementation plan transforms absolute physical monitoring values ​​into relative influence indices through multiplication operations. Specifically, the actual grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig is multiplied by the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient to obtain the pressure influence index; the actual grout flow rate is multiplied by the grout flow rate sensitivity coefficient to obtain the flow rate influence index. These two indices are stripped of their purely physical dimensions, becoming standardized indicators reflecting the intensity of the disturbance source. Simultaneously, by analyzing the positioning coordinates of each drilling rig on site, the system accurately calculates the straight-line distance or effective propagation distance along the rock mass structure surface between the current operating position of each affecting drilling rig and the current operating position of the first drilling rig, i.e., the drilling rig distance. The "drilling rig distance" here can be obtained in different ways depending on the level of digitization on site: In the preferred scenario, the spatial position of the drill bit can be calculated by combining the BeiDou positioning module, total station measurement results, roadway control network coordinates, drilling rig frame positioning tags, and real-time drill bit depth information, and then the spatial distance between the two drilling rigs can be obtained accordingly. In sites with relatively simple equipment conditions, the positional relationship of the current working section can also be estimated based on the borehole plane coordinates, borehole direction, borehole depth, and current drilling footage to obtain the drilling rig distance that meets the needs of construction judgment. If the engineering geology shows that the grout mainly propagates along a certain set of fractures or bedding planes, the effective propagation distance along the rock mass structure can be used first, rather than simply the Euclidean straight-line distance, to improve the consistency between the assessment results and the actual propagation path. Finally, the pressure influence index and flow influence index are used as the "source intensity," and the drilling rig distance is used as the "attenuation path," which together serve as the core basis for judging whether the external influence is valid. To improve field applicability, the system can perform time alignment of coordinate data before each calculation to ensure that the location data used to calculate distance and the grouting parameters belong to the same time window, thus avoiding spatial mismatch due to continuous drill bit advancement.

[0055] The working principle of this specific implementation plan lies in constructing a preliminary "source-path" physical attenuation model. The pressure influence index and flow rate influence index jointly characterize the initial energy magnitude of the grouting disturbance at the source, while the drilling rig distance represents the spatial span that energy must overcome to propagate through the rock mass. By combining these three factors, the system can comprehensively examine the entire process of disturbance from generation to transmission to the recipient. Its technical effect is that it effectively solves the evaluation distortion problem caused by neglecting spatial attenuation effects in the aforementioned application scenarios. By linking the sensitivity coefficient-corrected index with spatial distance, the evaluation results are no longer blind inferences from a single dimension, but rather scientific calculations that conform to the basic laws of geotechnical mechanics. This multi-dimensional comprehensive consideration can accurately eliminate safe grouting behaviors that appear to have high parameters but are too far away, while simultaneously and keenly capturing dangerous interference sources that, although their parameters are not prominent, are extremely close, further narrowing the scope of investigation for abnormal causes. Further analysis shows that if only grouting pressure and flow rate are considered, the system can only know whether the disturbance source is "strong" or not; however, by introducing the drilling rig distance, the system can simultaneously know whether the disturbance "can be transmitted." Therefore, this technical solution actually unifies the determination of "disturbance generation capability" and "disturbance arrival capability", so that the final conclusion is closer to the actual external action state of the first drilling rig.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of this application, determining whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the pressure influence index, flow influence index, and drilling rig distance of each rig includes: using the difference between 1 and the third value of each rig as the operation influence weight of each rig; the third value of each rig is the ratio of the drilling rig distance to the influence radius of each rig; using the average of the pressure influence index and flow influence index of each rig as the drilling rig influence index of each rig; using the weighted sum of the drilling rig influence indices of each rig as the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig based on the operation influence weight of each rig; determining whether the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is greater than a preset external drilling rig influence index threshold; if the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is greater than the preset external drilling rig influence index threshold, determining that the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs; if the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is less than or equal to the preset external drilling rig influence index threshold, determining that the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by other drilling rigs.

[0057] This specific implementation plan proposes a complete mathematical model for weighted evaluation of multi-source disturbances. First, a third value is calculated: the ratio of the drilling rig distance to the influence radius. Since the influencing drilling rig is necessarily located within the influence radius, this ratio always falls between 0 and 1. Subtracting this ratio from 1 yields the operational influence weight. This means that the smaller the drilling rig distance, the closer the ratio is to 0, and the closer the weight is to 1; conversely, the closer the drilling rig distance is to the edge of the influence radius, the closer the ratio is to 1, and the closer the weight is to 0. This linearly decreasing weight allocation perfectly aligns with the physical intuition that disturbances attenuate with distance. Second, the pressure influence index and flow influence index of a single drilling rig are averaged and merged into a comprehensive drilling rig influence index that reflects the source intensity of the drilling rig. Next, using the calculated operational influence weight, the drilling rig influence indices of each influencing drilling rig are weighted and summed to obtain a global external drilling rig influence index. This index represents the sum of all external grouting disturbances currently experienced by the first drilling rig. Finally, this sum is compared with a pre-set threshold for the external drilling rig influence index to arrive at a clear binary judgment conclusion.

[0058] To more clearly and completely illustrate how the various preset quantities are obtained, in a feasible example, the preset external drilling rig impact index threshold can be obtained by calibrating historical project data. Specifically, multiple completed construction sections can be selected, and sample events that have been manually verified as belonging to "influence of other drilling rigs" and "not belonging to influence of other drilling rigs" can be extracted. The corresponding external drilling rig impact index is calculated according to the above process, and then the threshold that can better distinguish between positive and negative samples is selected from the distribution range of the two types of samples as the initial threshold. Subsequently, in the early stage of the operation of a new project, this threshold can be fine-tuned based on the results of manual verification until the false alarm rate and false negative rate meet the management requirements. The linear allocation method of operation impact weight can also be used as the default scheme first, because it is simple to implement, fast to calculate, and easy to interpret, and is suitable for real-time deployment on site; after more data is accumulated, it can be decided whether to adopt a more complex weight curve for a specific project. To prevent individual outliers from affecting the overall judgment, the system can also perform validity checks on obviously abnormal pressure or flow impact indices before weighted summation. For example, it can check whether the data exceeds the rated range of the equipment or whether there are fixed value outputs caused by sensor disconnection. Only data that passes the verification will be included in the calculation of the external drilling rig impact index.

[0059] The working principle of this specific implementation scheme lies in constructing a dynamic weighting system by introducing normalized distance ratios, transforming multiple independent disturbance sources affecting the drilling rig into a unified superimposed response value at the receiver end. The design of the operational influence weights cleverly incorporates the boundary conditions of the influence radius into the calculation, ensuring that the contribution of disturbance sources farther away to the final result is smaller, conforming to the energy dissipation law. Its technical effect is that it completely solves the problem of quantitatively assessing external disturbances when multiple rigs are operating simultaneously in the aforementioned application scenarios. Through weighted summation, it can not only accurately assess the close-range impact of a single strong disturbance source but also effectively identify the cumulative effect of multiple weak disturbance sources superimposed at a long distance. This highly quantitative and logically rigorous judgment mechanism minimizes subjective interference from human experience, making the attribution results of abnormal causes more objective, accurate, and traceable, providing strong data analysis support for the safety management and efficiency optimization of multi-rig collaborative operations in large-scale underground engineering projects.

[0060] Furthermore, this solution links four judgment steps—"whether there is a grouting drilling rig within the influence radius," "whether the grouting drilling rig has strong propagation capabilities under the current rock and grout conditions," "whether the disturbance can still act on the first drilling rig after distance attenuation," and "whether the disturbances from multiple drilling rigs will have a cumulative effect"—to form a closed-loop anomaly attribution path. Therefore, when the system ultimately determines "influenced by other drilling rigs" or "not influenced by other drilling rigs," the backend has actually retained the entire evidence chain from state identification, parameter source, mapping matching, distance calculation to weighted fusion, facilitating subsequent traceability, review, and parameter revision, further enhancing the feasibility and credibility of this technical solution in engineering management.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of this application, determining the cause of an operational anomaly of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig includes: determining the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; determining the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the second drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the second drilling rig; determining a first similarity; the first similarity is the similarity between the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the second drilling rig; when the first similarity is greater than a first preset similarity threshold, determining that the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig is a change in the working rock; when the first similarity is less than or equal to the first preset similarity threshold, determining the cause of the operational anomaly of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig.

[0062] This specific implementation plan cleverly utilizes neighboring drilling rigs as spatial references to identify geological abrupt changes. Specifically, it first extracts the parametric features of the operating parameters of the first and second drilling rigs at corresponding time periods or drilling depths. These parametric features can include the time-series waveform of the rotational force, the gradient of the mean change, the variance of the fluctuation, and the frequency domain energy distribution. Subsequently, the first similarity between the parametric features of the first and second drilling rigs is calculated. In the specific calculation, mathematical methods such as the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm, Pearson correlation coefficient, or cosine similarity can be used to quantify the morphological consistency of the two parametric curves.

[0063] The working principle is as follows: Although the second drilling rig did not perform grouting or other operations that could cause external disturbance, it was spatially close to the first drilling rig because they were both located within the same target area. If the first and second drilling rigs exhibited highly similar abnormal fluctuations in their operating parameters (i.e., the first similarity was greater than the first preset similarity threshold) at similar working depths or time periods, the probability of two independently operating drilling rigs experiencing the same equipment failure at the same time was extremely low. This high consistency in parameter changes was highly likely caused by them both traversing a certain regional geological structure (such as a weak interlayer or fractured zone across the working face). Therefore, the abnormality could be directly attributed to changes in the working rock. Conversely, if the first similarity was low (less than or equal to the first preset similarity threshold), it indicated that the parameters of the second drilling rig were stable, and only the first drilling rig showed isolated abnormal fluctuations. In this case, the influence of regional geological changes could be largely ruled out, and the abnormality was more likely to point to a problem with the first drilling rig itself, thus guiding the subsequent process to the equipment failure troubleshooting stage.

[0064] The above technical solution introduces the operating parameters of a nearby second drilling rig as a spatial comparison benchmark, utilizing the spatial correlation of multi-machine parameters to identify geological abrupt changes. This method effectively eliminates the confusion between geological factors and individual equipment factors, avoiding the misjudgment of normal geological changes as equipment failures and resulting in blind shutdowns and dismantling, significantly improving the scientific rigor and accuracy of anomaly attribution.

[0065] When the first similarity is less than or equal to the first preset similarity threshold, it indicates that the abnormal performance of the first drilling rig is isolated and not caused by regional geological changes. In this case, the cause of the abnormality is very likely to be a fault in the equipment of the first drilling rig itself. To this end, this application further proposes to determine the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters, including: obtaining the parameter features of the operating parameters corresponding to each drilling rig fault among multiple drilling rig faults; determining the second similarity corresponding to each drilling rig fault; the second similarity is the similarity between the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter features of the operating parameters corresponding to the drilling rig fault; determining whether there is a second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities; when there is a second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, taking the drilling rig fault corresponding to the largest second similarity among the multiple second similarities as the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig; when there is no second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, determining the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig as an unknown cause.

[0066] This specific implementation plan achieves precise equipment fault location by constructing a fault feature matching mechanism. In practice, a drilling rig fault feature database is pre-built and maintained. This database stores the parameter features of various typical drilling rig faults (such as severe drill bit wear, drill rod bending, hydraulic pump internal leakage, and rotary motor jamming) at their historical occurrence. When an anomaly is confirmed to be caused by an internal factor, the operational parameter features of the first drilling rig during the current abnormal period are extracted and compared one by one with the parameter features corresponding to each drilling rig fault in the fault feature database, calculating multiple second similarity scores.

[0067] Subsequently, all calculated second similarities are evaluated. If a second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold exists, it indicates that the current abnormal parameter behavior highly matches the typical behavior of one or more known faults in the database. In this case, the largest second similarity is selected, and its corresponding drilling rig fault is output as the final cause of the first drilling rig's operational anomaly. For example, if the current rotational force shows a slow and continuous upward trend, accompanied by a decrease in propulsion speed, this feature has the highest similarity to the feature database sample of "severe drill bit wear," and is thus determined to be drill bit wear. If no second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold exists in all comparison results, it indicates that the current abnormal behavior exceeds the coverage of the existing fault feature database. In this case, it is objectively marked as an unknown cause, and on-site technicians are prompted to conduct manual intervention for investigation.

[0068] The above technical solution enables automated classification and accurate identification of faults in drilling rig internal equipment. Through quantitative comparison with a known fault feature database, specific fault types can be quickly identified, providing on-site maintenance personnel with a clear direction for troubleshooting and significantly reducing equipment downtime for diagnosis and repair. Simultaneously, the fallback mechanism for unknown causes not only prevents forced misjudgments but also provides valuable data accumulation for the continuous expansion and improvement of the fault feature database, enabling diagnostic capabilities to continuously evolve in engineering practice.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown above, based on the detailed description of the rock borehole reaming anchor bolt construction data analysis method, this application also proposes a rock borehole reaming anchor bolt construction data analysis system, including: an acquisition device and a processing device; the acquisition device is used to acquire the operating parameters of a first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod of the drilling rig; the first drilling rig is used to perform borehole reaming anchor bolt construction operations on rock; the processing device is used to determine whether there is an operational abnormality of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; the processing device is also used to acquire the rock density and fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig when there is an operational abnormality, and to determine the influence half of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity. The device is configured to: obtain the operating status of the second drilling rig within the target area; and determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being operated by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig. The center of the target area is the location of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is any drilling rig other than the first drilling rig within the target area. The second drilling rig is used for borehole enlargement and anchor bolt construction operations on the rock. The device is also configured to: obtain the operating parameters of the second drilling rig when the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by other drilling rigs; and determine the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig.

[0070] In practical deployments, the acquisition devices can include various sensors (such as torque sensors, pressure sensors, flow meters, etc.) installed on the drilling rig, as well as data acquisition terminals, responsible for collecting and uploading the operating data of the field equipment in real time. The processing devices can be industrial control computers, edge computing nodes, or cloud servers deployed at the construction site, which run the aforementioned data analysis algorithms and evaluation models, responsible for cleaning, feature extraction, similarity calculation, and comprehensive judgment of the massive amounts of construction data acquired.

[0071] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts, characterized in that, include: Obtain the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod. The first drilling rig was used for drilling and anchor bolt installation in rock. Determine whether there are any operational abnormalities in the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters; When the first drilling rig experiences operational anomalies, the rock density and fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig are obtained, and the radius of influence of the first drilling rig is determined based on the rock density and fracture connectivity. The operation status of the second drilling rig within the target area is obtained, and the operation status of the first drilling rig and the rock type of the rock being operated by the first drilling rig and the operation status of the second drilling rig are used to determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs. The center of the target area is the position of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is the drilling rig other than the first drilling rig within the target area. The second drilling rig is used to carry out hole enlargement anchor bolt construction operations on the rock. When the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not affected by other drilling rigs, the operating parameters of the second drilling rig are obtained, and the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is determined based on the operating parameters of the first and second drilling rigs.

2. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determine whether there are any operational abnormalities in the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters, including: The average value of the operation parameters is taken as the average operation parameter value. The average rate of change of the operation parameters is taken as the average parameter change rate; Obtain the operational safety requirement index for the first drilling rig; The product of the first value and the preset operation parameter value threshold is used as the target operation parameter value, and the product of the first value and the preset parameter change rate threshold is used as the target parameter change rate threshold; the first value is the difference between 1 and the operation safety requirement index. Determine whether the average operation parameter value is greater than the target operation parameter value; Determine whether the average rate of change of the parameter is greater than the target rate of change threshold; If the average operating parameter value is greater than the target operating parameter value, or the average parameter change rate is greater than the target parameter change rate threshold, it is determined that the first drilling rig has an operating abnormality; otherwise, it is determined that the first drilling rig does not have an operating abnormality.

3. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of influence of the first drilling rig is determined based on rock density and fracture connectivity, including: The product of the rock density of the working rock of the first drilling rig and the preset density influence coefficient is used as the initial influence radius; The product of the initial influence radius and the second value is taken as the influence radius of the first drilling rig; the second value is the sum of 1 and the fracture connectivity of the rock being drilled by the first drilling rig.

4. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the rock type of the working rock of the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs, including: For each second drilling rig, determine whether the second drilling rig is in the grouting operation phase; When the second drilling rig is not in the grouting operation state, determine that the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not caused by the influence of other drilling rigs; When the second drilling rig is in the grouting operation state, the second drilling rig is considered as the affected drilling rig; Obtain information on the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type that affect the drilling rig; Based on the rock type, the grouting pressure, grout flow rate, and grout type affecting the drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs.

5. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the rock type, the grouting pressure affecting the drilling rig, the grout flow rate, and the grout type, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs, including: Obtain the first correspondence; the first correspondence includes a one-to-one correspondence between multiple pieces of first information and multiple pieces of second information; the first information includes rock type and grout type, and the second information includes the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient of the rock and the grout flow rate sensitivity coefficient of the rock. The second information corresponding to the rock type and slurry type in the first correspondence is taken as the target second information; Based on the second target information, the grouting pressure and grout flow rate affecting the drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs.

6. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the second target information, the grouting pressure and grout flow rate affecting the drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs, including: The product of the grouting pressure of each factor affecting the drilling rig and the grouting pressure sensitivity coefficient in the second target information is taken as the pressure influence index of each factor affecting the drilling rig. The product of the slurry flow rate of each factor affecting the drilling rig and the slurry flow rate sensitivity coefficient in the target second information is taken as the flow rate influence index of each factor affecting the drilling rig. Obtain the drilling rig distance between each influencing drilling rig and the first drilling rig; Based on the pressure impact index, flow impact index, and drilling distance of each drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs.

7. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the pressure impact index, flow impact index, and drilling distance of each drilling rig, determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by the influence of other drilling rigs, including: The difference between 1 and the third value affecting each drilling rig is taken as the operational influence weight of each drilling rig; the third value affecting each drilling rig is the ratio of the drilling rig distance to the influence radius of each drilling rig. The average value of the pressure impact index and flow rate impact index affecting the drilling rig is taken as the drilling rig impact index for each rig. Based on the operational impact weights of each drilling rig, the weighted sum of the drilling rig impact indices of each drilling rig is taken as the external drilling rig impact index of the first drilling rig. Determine whether the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is greater than the preset external drilling rig influence index threshold; When the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is greater than the preset external drilling rig influence index threshold, the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is determined to be the influence of other drilling rigs. When the external drilling rig influence index of the first drilling rig is less than or equal to the preset external drilling rig influence index threshold, it is determined that the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not the influence of other drilling rigs.

8. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The causes of the operational anomalies of the first drilling rig were determined based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig, including: The parameter characteristics of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig are determined based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig. The parameter characteristics of the second drilling rig's operating parameters are determined based on the operating parameters of the second drilling rig. Determine the first similarity; the first similarity is the similarity between the parameter features of the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter features of the operating parameters of the second drilling rig. When the first similarity is greater than the first preset similarity threshold, the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is determined to be a change in the working rock. When the first similarity is less than or equal to the first preset similarity threshold, the cause of the first drilling rig's operational abnormality is determined based on the first drilling rig's operating parameters.

9. The method for analyzing construction data of rock borehole-enlarged anchor bolts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The causes of operational abnormalities of the first drilling rig were determined based on its operating parameters, including: Obtain the parameter characteristics of the operating parameters corresponding to each drilling rig fault among multiple drilling rig faults of the first drilling rig; For each drilling rig failure, a second similarity is determined; the second similarity is the similarity between the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the parameter features of the operating parameters corresponding to the drilling rig failure. Determine whether there exists a second similarity greater than a second preset similarity threshold among all second similarities; When there is a second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, the drilling rig fault corresponding to the largest second similarity among the multiple second similarities is taken as the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig. If there is no second similarity greater than the second preset similarity threshold among all the second similarities, the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is determined to be an unknown cause.

10. A data analysis system for rock borehole enlargement anchor bolt construction, characterized in that, include: Acquisition device and processing device; The acquisition device is used to acquire the operating parameters of the first drilling rig; the operating parameters of the first drilling rig include the rotational force of the drill rod of the drilling rig. The first drilling rig was used for drilling and anchor bolt installation in rock. The processing device is used to determine whether there is any operational abnormality in the first drilling rig based on its operating parameters. The processing device is also used to obtain the rock density and fracture connectivity of the working rock of the first drilling rig when the first drilling rig has an operational abnormality, and to determine the influence radius of the first drilling rig based on the rock density and fracture connectivity. The processing device is also used to acquire the operating status of the second drilling rig in the target area, and to determine whether the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is caused by other drilling rigs based on the rock type of the rock being operated by the first drilling rig and the operating status of the second drilling rig; the center of the target area is the position of the first drilling rig, the radius of the target area is the radius of influence, and the second drilling rig is the drilling rig other than the first drilling rig in the target area; the second drilling rig is used to carry out hole enlargement anchor bolt construction operations on the rock; The processing device is also used to acquire the operating parameters of the second drilling rig when the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig is not affected by other drilling rigs, and to determine the cause of the abnormal operation of the first drilling rig based on the operating parameters of the first drilling rig and the operating parameters of the second drilling rig.

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