Folding oscillating auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machine
By designing a folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system, the problems of adaptability and loading effect caused by power increase in coal mining machines in thin coal seam mining were solved, achieving efficient thin coal seam cutting and loading, and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611362401.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-09-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-06
AI Technical Summary
When mining thin coal seams, the increased power of existing coal mining machines leads to an increase in the size of key components, making it impossible to install small-diameter drums. This affects the adaptability of the coal seam, increases the amount of rock cutting and washing costs, and weakens the loading effect.
Design a folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system, including an auxiliary arm roller, a swing arm, a linear reciprocating motion mechanism, and a body connecting plate. The diameter of the auxiliary arm roller does not exceed 800mm. The auxiliary cutting function is realized through linear transmission and planetary reduction mechanism. It is equipped with a water inlet and leakage detection system to ensure the system's independence and flexibility.
It improves the cutting adaptability and loading effect of thin coal seams, reduces waste, lowers washing and beneficiation costs, avoids the negative impact of increasing the power of coal mining machines, and does not affect existing mining processes.
Smart Images
Figure CN123044281A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to an auxiliary cutting system that can be installed on the body of a drum-type coal mining machine to achieve the separate mining of thin coal seams at different heights. In particular, it can effectively avoid the negative impacts of the development of high-power coal mining machines when mining thin coal seams with a thickness of less than 1m. Background Technology
[0002] The development of mining equipment for thin coal seams has been rapid in recent years, especially coal mining machines, which are the core mining equipment. With the mining of a large number of thin or relatively thin coal seams with good conditions, there are more and more working faces with complex conditions. The coal seams are thin and the amount of roof and floor rock is large. In order to pursue the reliability of equipment and mining efficiency, the power of coal mining machines has increased from the original 200KW to the current 1400KW, an increase of nearly 6 times. However, the lower limit of thin coal seam thickness is still in the range of 1.2-1.4m.
[0003] The rapid increase in the power of coal mining machines has directly led to an increase in the size of key components. In particular, the size of the reduction mechanism in the cutting section has increased, making it impossible to install smaller diameter drums. Therefore, the adaptability to mining coal seams with minimum thicknesses has been greatly reduced. For example... Figure 1 As shown, when the coal seam 93 is very thin, for example, for a thin coal seam with a thickness of 0.4-1m, the cutting drum is in contact with the rock layer 94, which means that more rock needs to be cut. Not only can the coal grade not be guaranteed, but the washing and beneficiation costs and mining losses are also greatly increased (because the height of such a high-power coal mining machine will only increase compared to the original low-power coal mining machine).
[0004] Furthermore, the large-size planetary reduction mechanism also reduces the height of the drum loading blades, greatly weakening the loading effect. A large amount of coal and gangue are repeatedly crushed between the drum and the motor, increasing power consumption and losing effective cutting power. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention provides a folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines, which is installed on the body of the main cutting equipment to add auxiliary cutting function and can be used for mining thin layers of coal.
[0006] The main technical solutions of this invention are as follows: A folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for a coal mining machine includes an auxiliary arm drum, an auxiliary arm, a swing boom, a first linear reciprocating mechanism, a second linear reciprocating mechanism, and a body connecting plate. The body connecting plate is fixed to the body of the coal mining machine. The swing boom includes a strip-shaped boom beam and a rotating shaft extending outward from the boom beam in a direction perpendicular to the boom beam surface. The rotating shaft extends forward and backward and is rotatably installed in the body connecting plate. The boom beam is located in front of the body connecting plate. The auxiliary arm includes an auxiliary arm housing and an auxiliary arm motor, an auxiliary arm clutch, and an auxiliary arm transmission mechanism installed in the auxiliary arm housing. The output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected and disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism via the auxiliary arm clutch. The main body of the auxiliary arm housing is a linearly extending cylinder, and the transmission output shaft of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism is rotatably supported on the auxiliary arm housing. In the middle section, one end of the auxiliary arm housing is hinged to the boom beam, and the other end is a free end. The output end of the transmission output shaft is exposed at the free end of the auxiliary arm housing and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the auxiliary arm roller. The auxiliary arm roller is sleeved on the free end of the auxiliary arm housing and maintains a gap with the auxiliary arm housing. The first linear reciprocating motion mechanism is connected between the boom beam and the auxiliary arm housing. Under the extension and retraction of the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the auxiliary arm can switch between two positions: the cylindrical axis of the auxiliary arm housing is perpendicular to and parallel to the plate surface of the boom beam. In these two positions, the auxiliary arm is in the extended and retracted state, respectively. One end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the boom beam and the hinge axis extends back and forth. The other end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the body of the coal mining machine. Under the extension and retraction of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the boom beam and the auxiliary arm swing with the rotating shaft.
[0007] The shaft is installed at a height that is not higher than but close to the surface of the coal mining machine.
[0008] The auxiliary arm roller is a small-diameter roller with a diameter not exceeding 800mm.
[0009] The diameters of the front, middle, and rear ends of the rotating shaft decrease sequentially. The rotating shaft is axially positioned in the rotating shaft mounting hole of the fuselage connecting plate by the step between its front and middle ends. The rotating shaft has an axial through hole and a radial through hole that are interconnected. The axial through hole passes through the boom beam forward and through the rotating shaft backward. The radial through hole extends to the left and right and passes through the rotating shaft. The left and right sides of the fuselage connecting plate are respectively provided with a left through hole and a right through hole. The left and right through holes are respectively connected to the radial through holes from the left and right sides. A radially mounted pin is installed on the rear end of the rotating shaft to prevent the rotating shaft from axially separating from the fuselage connecting plate. Above and below the rotating shaft mounting hole in the fuselage connecting plate, there are also upper and lower through grooves that are interconnected from left to right.
[0010] The boom beam has a planar symmetrical structure. When the boom beam is in a horizontally extended state, its symmetrical structure is called an upper and lower symmetrical structure.
[0011] The auxiliary arm transmission mechanism also includes a planetary reduction mechanism. The sun gear of the planetary reduction mechanism is the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism, and the planet carrier of the planetary reduction mechanism is coaxially spline-connected to the transmission output shaft. According to the orientation of the auxiliary arm when it is in the deployed state, the auxiliary arm housing is a cylindrical structure with a circular cross-section, which is thinner at the front and thicker at the back. The front and rear sections of the auxiliary arm housing are transitioned by a conical surface. The inner cavities of the front and rear sections are respectively the front cavity and the rear cavity, which are connected. Most of the transmission output shaft is located in the front cavity. The auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism are installed in the rear cavity. The auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism in the rear cavity are separated into dry and wet cavities by a sealing structure. The cavity where the auxiliary arm motor is located is the dry cavity, and the cavity where the planetary reduction mechanism is located is the wet cavity.
[0012] The sun gear has a blind hole opening at the rear. The front section of the blind hole is a light hole, and the rear section is a spline hole. The light hole and the spline hole are coaxial. The front part of the clutch output shaft of the auxiliary arm clutch consists of a light shaft section and a spline shaft section from front to back. When the light shaft section and the spline shaft section slide and engage with the light hole and the spline hole respectively, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected to the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch. When the entire spline shaft section is located behind the spline hole and only the front part of the light shaft section engages with the light hole, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch.
[0013] A sealing seat is installed between the auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism in the rear cavity. The front and rear ends of the sun gear are rotatably supported in the inner hole of the rear end of the transmission output shaft and the inner hole of the sealing seat by the front and rear bearings, respectively. A dynamic seal is provided between the sealing seat and the sun gear, and a static seal is provided between the sealing seat and the inner hole of the auxiliary arm housing. The dynamic seal is located behind the rear bearing. The sealing seat, the dynamic seal, and the static seal constitute the sealing structure.
[0014] The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for the coal mining machine is also equipped with a water inlet system. The water inlet system includes a housing water inlet hole set in the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, an output shaft radial hole and an output shaft axial hole set in sequence in the transmission output shaft, and an isolation and sealing water passage structure set between the inner hole wall of the auxiliary arm housing and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water inlet and outlet of the housing water inlet hole are located on the outer surface and inner hole wall of the auxiliary arm housing, respectively. The water inlet of the output shaft radial hole is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The output shaft axial hole extends forward along the axial direction and penetrates the transmission output shaft. The front end of the output shaft axial hole is the water outlet. The isolation and sealing water passage structure seals and separates the water outlet from the oil cavity in the auxiliary arm housing. The water outlet of the housing water inlet hole is connected to the water inlet of the output shaft radial hole through the isolation and sealing water passage structure.
[0015] The isolation and sealing water passage structure includes a water seal seat installed on the inner wall of the auxiliary arm housing. Multiple seals are provided between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing. From front to back, a front auxiliary water seal, a front main water seal, a rear main water seal, and a rear auxiliary water seal are provided between the inner surface of the water seal seat and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water seal seat is provided with a radial through hole and an outer annular groove. The outer annular groove is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat and the groove opening faces radially outward. The radial through hole connects the outer annular groove and the inner hole of the water seal seat. The front main water seal and the rear main water seal are located in front of and behind the water outlet of the housing water inlet, the water inlet of the output shaft radial hole, and the radial through hole of the water seal seat, respectively. The front main water seal, the rear main water seal, the water seal seat, and the transmission output shaft enclose an annular area. The housing water inlet, the outer annular groove, the radial through hole, the annular area, and the output shaft radial hole are sequentially connected.
[0016] The outer cylindrical surface in the middle of the transmission output shaft is provided with a wear-resistant layer. The water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft is located in the area where the wear-resistant layer is located. The transmission output shaft is also provided with an output shaft oil passage hole. A single output shaft oil passage hole has multiple oil ports. Some of the oil ports are located in the area where the wear-resistant layer is located, and the remaining oil ports are located on the bottom surface of the inner hole at the rear end of the transmission output shaft.
[0017] The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for the coal mining machine is also equipped with a water leakage detection system. The water leakage detection system includes a front annular gap between the front main water seal and the front auxiliary water seal, a rear annular gap between the rear main water seal and the rear auxiliary water seal, a housing leakage hole in the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, and a liquid conduction sensor in the housing leakage hole. The water seal seat is also provided with a front radial through hole and a rear radial through hole that communicate with the front and rear annular gaps respectively. The outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat is also provided with a front annular groove and a rear annular groove that communicate with the front and rear radial through holes respectively. The housing leakage hole is provided with a front leakage inlet and a rear leakage inlet that communicate one-to-one with the front and rear annular grooves respectively. The outlet of the housing leakage hole is located on the outer surface of the auxiliary arm housing. The seal between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing is distributed in front of and behind the front leakage inlet and the rear leakage inlet.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The auxiliary cutting system of this invention has good independence and can be directly installed on the main cutting equipment as a complete separate cutting unit. The height of the auxiliary arm is flexibly adjustable, thus it is highly adaptable to the separate mining of thin coal layers of different heights and thicknesses. Using the auxiliary cutting system to cut the thin coal layer first, and then loading the cut coal onto the rollers on the main cutting equipment, effectively solves the problem of thin coal layer recovery. This avoids the large amount of waste or excessively high washing costs associated with traditional coal-rock mixed mining, greatly improving economic efficiency. It also avoids the negative impacts of rapidly increasing the power of the coal mining machine to solve the problem of thin coal seam mining.
[0019] The installation height of the rotating shaft is not higher than but close to the machine body of the coal mining machine, which can prevent the floating material below from obstructing the operation of the auxiliary cutting system.
[0020] The auxiliary arm transmission mechanism is simple in composition, with the transmission chain arranged in a straight line and a single transmission output shaft as the final output. Therefore, the overall radial dimensions are relatively small, which can accommodate auxiliary arm rollers with smaller diameters or provide space for the auxiliary arm rollers to be equipped with taller loading blades. As a result, it is more suitable for cutting thin layers of coal and improving the loading effect of the auxiliary arm rollers. It also frees up more space to facilitate the cutting of coal and its loading into the loading channel of the main cutting equipment's rollers.
[0021] The machine body connecting plate serves as the interface between the auxiliary cutting system and the main cutting equipment. Combined with the segmented body of the main cutting equipment, the main cutting equipment requires minimal modification (only some connecting parts need alteration) or even no modification at all, allowing the connecting plate to be installed between different sections of the machine body. Due to its simple and flexible installation, the swing rotation center of the swing boom can be set close to the machine body surface, reducing or eliminating obstruction of the auxiliary boom by lower floating material.
[0022] The auxiliary cutting system can have two states: unfolded and folded back. When not in use, it can be folded back to achieve a similar effect to being disassembled, even without disassembly, so it does not affect the existing mining process.
[0023] The auxiliary cutting system is self-powered and self-contained. It is almost not picky about the main cutting equipment. Therefore, multiple sets of the auxiliary cutting system can be installed on one main cutting equipment. Different sets of auxiliary cutting systems are responsible for cutting thin coal layers of different heights, thus adapting well to the varying thickness and height of the coal seam.
[0024] The auxiliary arm motor and planetary reduction mechanism have a coaxial cavity structure, which is separated into dry and wet cavities by a seal. The structure is compact and simple, providing more space for the installation of the auxiliary arm roller.
[0025] The water inlet system ensures effective access for the drum spray cooling water. In this access method, the cooling water enters radially into the transmission output shaft, significantly reducing the axial dimension of the auxiliary arm compared to the conventional structure where the water passes through the center of the reduction mechanism. The use of main and auxiliary water seals improves the isolation and sealing reliability of the water inlet system. A leakage detection system monitors the wear of the main water seal, adding another layer of protection for the reliable operation of the water inlet system.
[0026] Sufficient cable passage space is provided for the auxiliary cutting system by setting up a motor cable box, axial cable passage holes, radial cable passage holes, and connecting plate cable passage holes, ensuring the passage of cables, water pipes, and oil pipes. The machine body connecting plate has ample space for a sufficiently large cable passage groove, even providing enough space for the entire machine's cable passage. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of ultra-thin coal seam mining using an existing rocker arm (requiring coal and rock co-mining). Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of the assisted cutting system of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 BB cross-sectional view (auxiliary arm in extended state); Figure 4 for Figure 3 GG cross-sectional view; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the auxiliary arm described in the diagram; Figure 6 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal assembly structure of the auxiliary arm described in the figure; Figure 7 for Figure 6 The structural diagram of the sun gear described in the text; Figure 8 for Figure 6 The structural diagram of the transmission output shaft described in the figure; Figure 9 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the isolation and sealing water-passing structure described in the figure; Figure 10 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary arm housing described above; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Top view; Figure 12 for Figure 11 CC section view; Figure 13 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the swing boom described in the figure; Figure 14 for Figure 13 DD sectional view; Figure 15 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the state of the auxiliary cutting system in another swing position. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a coal mining machine with an auxiliary cutting system installed and its auxiliary arm extended forward. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of a coal mining machine with an auxiliary cutting system installed and its auxiliary arm in a folded-back state. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of a coal mining machine with two auxiliary cutting systems installed on the left and right sides, and the two auxiliary arms working together to mine.
[0028] Figure label: 1. Folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machine; 11. Auxiliary arm; 111. Auxiliary arm housing; 1110. Motor junction box; 1114. Main connecting lug; 1115. Auxiliary connecting lug; 1116. Limiting surface; 1118. Conical surface; 112. Auxiliary arm motor; 113. Auxiliary arm transmission mechanism; 1132. Sealing seat; 1133. Seal; 1134. Sun gear; 11341. Rear end; 11342. Front end; 11343. Spline hole; 11344. Smooth hole; 1136. Planetary carrier; 1137. Transmission output shaft; 11373. Rear spline shaft section; 11374. Front spline shaft section; 11375. Inner hole; 11376. Wear-resistant layer; 11377. Output shaft water inlet; 11378. Output shaft 114. Oil passage hole; 115. Auxiliary arm roller; 116. Water inlet system; 117. Water outlet of housing water inlet; 118. Water seal seat; 119. Rear main water seal; 110. Rear auxiliary water seal; 1115. Front main water seal; 1115. Front auxiliary water seal; 112. Seal; 113. Leakage detection system; 114. Leakage inlet; 1155. Auxiliary arm clutch; 12. Swing boom; 126. Boom beam; 127. Rotary shaft; 128. First hinge lug; 129. Second hinge lug; 120. Third hinge lug; 121. Axial wire hole; 122. Radial wire hole; 133. Body connecting plate; 14. Connecting plate wire hole; 15. Wire groove; 16. First linear reciprocating motion mechanism; 17. Second linear reciprocating motion mechanism; 2. Left rocker arm; 3. Right rocker arm; 4. Fuselage; 41. Left traction box; 42. Right traction box; 43. Electrical control box; 93. Coal seam; 94. Rock stratum. Detailed Implementation
[0029] like Figure 2-18 As shown, this invention discloses a folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system 1 (hereinafter referred to as the auxiliary cutting system) for a coal mining machine. It can be installed on the body of a drum-type coal mining machine, i.e., the main cutting equipment, for auxiliary cutting (including excavation). It includes an auxiliary arm drum 114, an auxiliary arm 11, a swing boom 12, a first linear reciprocating motion mechanism 14, a second linear reciprocating motion mechanism 15, and a body connecting plate 13. The body connecting plate is fixed to the body of the coal mining machine. The swing boom includes two parts: a strip-shaped boom beam 121 and a rotating shaft 123 extending outward from the boom beam in a direction perpendicular to the boom beam surface. The rotating shaft extends forward and backward and is rotatably installed in the body connecting plate. The boom beam is located in front of the body connecting plate.
[0030] The auxiliary arm includes an auxiliary arm housing 111 and an auxiliary arm motor 112, an auxiliary arm clutch 117, and an auxiliary arm transmission mechanism 113 installed within the housing. The output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected to and disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism via the auxiliary arm clutch. The auxiliary arm motor provides power to the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism. The auxiliary arm clutch provides mechanical protection for the maintenance of the auxiliary arm. The main body of the auxiliary arm housing is a linearly extending cylindrical body. The transmission output shaft 1137 of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism is rotatably supported within the housing via front and rear bearings. One end of the auxiliary arm housing (which can be called the hinged end) is hinged to the front side plate of the boom beam, while the other end is a free end. The output end of the transmission output shaft is exposed at the free end of the housing and is coaxially fixedly connected to the auxiliary arm roller 114. The auxiliary arm roller is fitted onto the free end of the housing and maintains a gap with the housing. As the last section of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism, the transmission output shaft has a small radial dimension, allowing space for a higher loading blade on the auxiliary arm roller, thus improving loading efficiency.
[0031] The first linear reciprocating motion mechanism is connected between the boom beam and the auxiliary boom housing. Driven by the extension and retraction of this mechanism, the auxiliary boom can switch between two positions: perpendicular and parallel to the boom beam's plate surface, where the auxiliary boom housing's cylindrical axis is perpendicular to the shell. In these two positions, the auxiliary boom is in the extended and retracted states, respectively. When preparing to cut the coal face using the auxiliary cutting system, the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism is used to extend the auxiliary boom forward (see...). Figure 16 After the cutting is completed, the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism is used to fold and retract the auxiliary arm (see...). Figure 17 The design ensures that when the auxiliary arm is in the retracted state, the auxiliary arm drum is located behind the front end of the original drum (i.e., the main rocker arm drum) of the coal mining machine, so as not to hinder the cutting operation of the main rocker arm drum and not to affect the existing mining process.
[0032] One end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the boom beam, with the hinge axis extending forward and backward, and the hinge axis is not coaxial with the rotating shaft. The other end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the body of the coal mining machine. Under the extension and retraction of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the boom beam and auxiliary arm swing along the rotating shaft, resulting in a change in the height of the auxiliary arm. Therefore, the height at which the auxiliary arm is prepared to cut the coal seam can be adjusted in advance using the aforementioned swing. Figure 2 and 15 The auxiliary boom is positioned at different swing angles, and correspondingly, the auxiliary boom is at different heights. This demonstrates that the auxiliary cutting system exhibits excellent adaptability to changes in the height of the coal seam to be cut.
[0033] The installation height of the rotating shaft is not higher than but close to the machine body of the coal mining machine, that is, the installation height is relatively high to avoid the lower floating material from obstructing the operation of the auxiliary cutting system.
[0034] The auxiliary arm drum can be a small-diameter drum with a diameter not exceeding 800mm. Correspondingly, the coal mining machine equipped with the auxiliary cutting system can use the auxiliary arm drum to recover coal material from the extremely thin coal seam by means of excavation, and then use the main rocker arm drum to load this part of the excavated coal material, so as to avoid the formation of waste material due to coal and rock mixed mining or excessive rock volume causing excessive washing and beneficiation costs, thereby improving economic efficiency.
[0035] When the thickness of a thin coal seam is less than the diameter of the drum, making mining uneconomical, the auxiliary arm can be retracted. When the main cutting equipment moves to a suitable position, the auxiliary arm can be deployed again for mining, making mining flexible and controllable.
[0036] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the diameters of the front, middle, and rear ends of the rotating shaft decrease sequentially. The rotating shaft is axially positioned in the rotating shaft mounting hole of the fuselage connecting plate using the step between its front and middle ends. The rotating shaft has interconnected axial through-holes 127 and radial through-holes 128. The axial through-holes pass forward through the boom beam and backward through the rotating shaft, while the radial through-holes extend laterally through the rotating shaft. The left and right sides of the fuselage connecting plate each have a left through-hole and a right through-hole (collectively referred to as connecting plate through-holes 132), which communicate with the rotating shaft mounting hole from the left and right sides respectively. In the installed state, the connecting plate through-holes communicate with the radial through-holes. During the rotation of the rotating shaft within a certain angle range, the overlapping area at the connection between the connecting plate through-holes and the radial through-holes varies in size. The axial through-holes, radial through-holes, and connecting plate through-holes provide space for the cables of the auxiliary cutting system to pass through. The cable threading hole on the connecting plate is preferably designed as a tapered hole with a smaller inner end and a larger outer end, and the inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the radial cable threading hole. This provides more space for the cable leading from the radial cable threading hole to the cable threading hole on the connecting plate, and prevents the cable from being sheared during the rotation of the shaft with the cable. A radially mounted pin on the rear end of the shaft prevents the shaft from axially disengaging from the connecting plate on the machine body.
[0037] Above and below the mounting hole of the rotating shaft in the connecting plate of the machine body, there are also upper and lower wire passage grooves (which can be collectively referred to as wire passage groove 133) that run through the left and right sides respectively.
[0038] By setting various cable holes and cable trays on the swing arm and the fuselage connecting plate, a good cable passage space is created to ensure the passage of cables, water pipes, and oil pipes. The fuselage connecting plate has ample space to set up a sufficiently large cable tray, which can even provide cable passage space for the entire machine.
[0039] The boom beam is preferably a planar symmetrical structure, when the boom beam is in a horizontally extended state (e.g. Figure 2 When the structure is symmetrical (as shown), it is called a top-bottom symmetrical structure. The boom beam of this symmetrical structure can be installed interchangeably on the left and right sides of the main cutting equipment, or in other words, it has the versatility of left and right installation.
[0040] The auxiliary arm transmission mechanism also includes a planetary reduction mechanism. The sun gear 1134 of the planetary reduction mechanism is the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism, and the planet carrier 1136 of the planetary reduction mechanism is coaxially spline-connected to the transmission output shaft. The auxiliary arm transmission mechanism has a simple structure and the transmission chain is arranged in a straight line, which reduces the radial space occupied by the auxiliary arm housing and frees up more space in the channel for loading the coal cut by the auxiliary arm into the drum of the main cutting equipment.
[0041] According to the orientation of the auxiliary arm in its extended state, the auxiliary arm housing is preferably a cylindrical structure with a tapered front and a wider rear, and a circular cross-section. The front and rear sections of the auxiliary arm housing are preferably connected by a conical surface 1118. The radial outer side of the front section is the mounting position for the auxiliary arm roller. In the installed state, the auxiliary arm roller 114 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the front end of the transmission output shaft. More specifically, the front end of the transmission output shaft can be provided with a front spline shaft section 11374. This spline shaft section engages with a connecting disc that simultaneously has an internal spline and a square convex stop. The auxiliary arm roller is fitted and fixed to the connecting disc through the engagement of its square concave stop and the square convex stop. The auxiliary arm roller covers the front section and maintains a radial distance from it. The circular cylindrical structure reduces the resistance of floating material, allowing the auxiliary arm housing to swing more smoothly, especially in situations with a large amount of floating material.
[0042] The front and rear sections have interconnected cavities. The majority of the transmission output shaft is located in the front cavity, with the front bearing at the front end and the rear bearing at the conical transition section. The auxiliary arm motor and planetary reduction mechanism are installed in the rear cavity. The rear end of the transmission output shaft has a rear splined shaft section 11373, which extends into the rear cavity and splines into the planetary reduction mechanism. The rear cavity is divided into dry and wet chambers by a sealed structure between the auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism. The chamber containing the auxiliary arm motor is the dry chamber, and the chamber containing the planetary reduction mechanism is the wet chamber. The auxiliary arm motor and planetary reduction mechanism share a common cavity, resulting in a compact and simple structure. The transmission output shaft transmits power to the auxiliary arm roller via a single shaft. The radial dimension of the front section of the auxiliary arm housing can be very small, providing more space for the loading blades of the auxiliary arm roller, thus ensuring loading efficiency.
[0043] The sun gear has a blind hole opening at the rear. The front section of the blind hole is a light hole 11344, and the rear section is a spline hole 11343. The light hole and the spline hole are coaxial. The front part of the clutch output shaft of the auxiliary arm clutch consists of a light shaft section and a spline shaft section from front to back. When the light shaft section and the spline shaft section slide with the light hole and the spline hole respectively, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected to the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch. When the entire spline shaft section is located behind the spline hole and only the front part of the light shaft section is engaged with the light hole, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch. The engagement of the light shaft section and the spline shaft section with the light hole and the spline hole respectively enables the auxiliary arm clutch to directly transmit the power of the auxiliary arm motor with the sun gear as the centering guide.
[0044] A sealing seat 1132 is installed between the auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism in the rear cavity. The front end 11342 and the rear end 11341 of the sun gear are rotatably supported in the inner hole 11375 of the rear end of the transmission output shaft and the inner hole of the sealing seat through front and rear bearings, respectively, providing a support base for the stable guidance of the auxiliary arm clutch. A seal 1133 is provided between the sealing seat and the auxiliary arm housing and the sun gear. A dynamic seal is provided between the sealing seat and the sun gear, and a static seal is provided between the sealing seat and the inner hole of the auxiliary arm housing. The dynamic seal is located behind the rear bearing. The sealing seat, the dynamic seal, and the static seal constitute the sealing structure.
[0045] The auxiliary cutting system also includes a water inlet system 115, which comprises a housing water inlet hole located within the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, an output shaft radial hole and an output shaft axial hole sequentially connected within the transmission output shaft, and an isolation and sealing water passage structure located between the inner wall of the auxiliary arm housing and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water inlet and outlet 1150 of the housing water inlet hole are located on the outer surface and inner wall of the auxiliary arm housing, respectively. The water inlet of the output shaft radial hole is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft, and the output shaft axial hole extends forward axially and penetrates the transmission output shaft. The front end of the output shaft axial hole is the water outlet. The output shaft radial hole and the output shaft axial hole together form the output shaft water inlet hole 11377. The isolation and sealing water passage structure separates the water passage from the oil cavity inside the auxiliary arm housing. The water outlet of the housing water inlet is connected to the water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft through the isolation and sealing water passage structure, ensuring the effective access of the drum spray cooling water. The spray cooling water enters the transmission output shaft radially. Compared with the conventional structure where the water passes through the center of the reduction mechanism, the axial dimension of the auxiliary arm is significantly reduced, making the auxiliary arm more compact.
[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 , 9As shown, the isolation and sealing water passage structure may include a water seal seat 1151 installed on the inner wall of the auxiliary arm housing. Multiple seals 1156 are provided between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing. From front to back, a front auxiliary water seal 1155, a front main water seal 1154, a rear main water seal 1152, and a rear auxiliary water seal 1153 are provided between the inner surface of the water seal seat and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water seal seat has a radial through hole and an outer annular groove. The outer annular groove is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat with its opening facing radially outward. The radial through hole connects the outer annular groove and the inner hole of the water seal seat. The front main water seal and the rear main water seal are located in front of and behind the water outlet of the housing inlet, the water inlet of the output shaft radial hole, and the radial through hole of the water seal seat, respectively. The front main water seal, the rear main water seal, the water seal seat, and the transmission output shaft enclose an annular area. The housing inlet, the outer annular groove, the radial through hole, the annular area, and the output shaft radial hole are sequentially connected. The water passage formed by the outer annular groove, radial through hole, and annular area is the water passage separated from the oil cavity seal. Both the main and auxiliary water seals are installed before and after this water passage, making it more reliable than a single water seal.
[0047] Preferably, a wear-resistant layer 11376 is provided on the outer cylindrical surface of the middle part of the transmission output shaft. The water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft is located in the area of the wear-resistant layer. The front and rear main water seals and the front and rear auxiliary water seals are all set on the wear-resistant layer. By setting the wear-resistant layer, the contact wear between the transmission output shaft and each water seal is reduced, thus improving the service life of the transmission output shaft. The transmission output shaft is also provided with an output shaft oil passage hole 11378. A single output shaft oil passage hole has multiple oil ports. Some oil ports are located in the area of the wear-resistant layer, and the remaining oil ports are located on the bottom surface of the inner hole 11375 at the rear end of the transmission output shaft. By setting the output shaft oil passage hole, the oil cavity environment of the front bearing and the floating oil seal set on the connecting plate is connected to the main oil pool of the rear cavity, which is conducive to the accelerated dissipation of heat generated at the front bearing and the floating oil seal through the circulation of oil.
[0048] Furthermore, the auxiliary cutting system also includes a leakage detection system 116. This leakage detection system comprises a front annular gap between the front main water seal and the front auxiliary water seal, a rear annular gap between the rear main water seal and the rear auxiliary water seal, a housing leakage hole within the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, and a liquid conductivity sensor within the housing leakage hole. The water seal seat also has a front radial through hole and a rear radial through hole communicating with the front and rear annular gaps respectively. The outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat also has a front annular groove and a rear annular groove communicating with the front and rear radial through holes respectively. The housing leakage hole has a front leakage inlet and a rear leakage inlet communicating one-to-one with the front and rear annular grooves respectively. The front and rear leakage inlets are collectively referred to as leakage inlets 1160. The outlet of the housing leakage hole is located on the outer surface of the auxiliary arm housing. The seal between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing is distributed in front of and behind the front leakage inlet and the rear leakage inlet. Liquid continuity sensors can be installed on the main channels downstream of the front and rear water inlets of the housing's water inlet, preferably in a one-to-one configuration on the branch channels where the front and rear water inlets are located. When there is no water in the channel where the liquid continuity sensor is located, the sensor does not activate due to air insulation at both ends; when there is water, the sensor activates because the water conducts a conductive signal at both ends. Taking the example of a one-to-one configuration of liquid continuity sensors on the branch channels where the front and rear water inlets are located, if the front main water seal is worn, water entering the radial hole of the output shaft from the housing's water inlet will leak into the front annular gap, then sequentially through the front radial through-hole and the front annular groove into the front water inlet, and then be detected by the corresponding liquid continuity sensor, thus realizing the leakage detection of the front main water seal. It is evident that this preferred configuration not only detects whether the main water seal is leaking, but also specifically distinguishes whether the leak is from the front or rear main water seal. The leakage detection system is used to detect whether the main water seal of the water inlet system is leaking, improving the operational reliability of the water inlet system.
[0049] The main channels of the housing inlet and the housing outlet are usually extended along the length of the auxiliary arm housing, making full use of the structure of the auxiliary arm housing without taking up extra space.
[0050] like Figure 10-14 As shown, the rear end of the main body of the auxiliary arm housing is provided with a radially protruding motor wiring box 1110 with a rearward opening. The motor wiring box is provided with a main connecting lug 1114 and an auxiliary connecting lug 1115. The axes of the main and auxiliary connecting lugs are both perpendicular to the cylindrical axis of the auxiliary arm housing. The auxiliary arm housing is hinged to the boom beam through the main connecting lug, and the auxiliary arm housing is hinged to the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism through the auxiliary connecting lug. The wiring of the auxiliary arm motor is routed through the cavity inside the motor wiring box.
[0051] The motor junction box is provided with a limiting surface 1116, which is parallel to both the cylindrical axis of the auxiliary arm housing and the axis of the main connecting ear. The boom beam is provided with a first hinge ear 124, a second hinge ear 125, and a third hinge ear 126 for hinged to the first linear reciprocating mechanism, the second linear reciprocating mechanism, and the auxiliary arm housing, respectively. The distance from the limiting surface to the axis of the main connecting ear is slightly less than the distance from the axis of the third hinge ear to the corresponding surface on the boom beam. When the auxiliary arm housing is extended to the point where its cylindrical axis is parallel to the boom beam, the limiting surface acts as a limit, keeping the auxiliary arm housing in this parallel state without tilting forward or backward. By controlling the distance from the limiting surface to the axis of the main connecting ear and the distance from the axis of the third hinge ear to the corresponding surface on the boom beam, sufficient safety clearance is maintained between the auxiliary arm roller radially (and in the forward and backward direction) and the machine body when the auxiliary arm is retracted.
[0052] The first hinge ear 124, the second hinge ear 125, and the third hinge ear 126 are preferably positioned close to the pivot to maintain good connection strength and make the connection between the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the auxiliary arm housing, and the swing arm frame more reliable.
[0053] The auxiliary cutting system offers good independence. When the mining function is required, it can be installed as an independent, optional assembly unit onto the main cutting equipment. Specifically, its body connecting plate and the free end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism are installed onto the main body, requiring minimal modification to the original structure of the main cutting equipment. When the mining function is no longer needed, for example, when the coal seam becomes sufficiently thick (e.g., larger than the diameter of a main rocker arm drum), the auxiliary cutting system can be removed, restoring the main cutting equipment to its original state for conventional, rapid, and efficient mining.
[0054] like Figure 2 , 15 As shown in Figure -18, taking a double-arm rocker arm coal mining machine (including the machine body 4, left rocker arm 2, and right rocker arm 3) as an example, during installation, the machine body connecting plate can be installed between the electrical control box 43 and the left traction box 41 (or right traction box 42). The electrical control box and traction box are positioned with the machine body connecting plate through multiple large round pins. The electrical control box, traction box, and machine body connecting plate are fixedly connected together by multiple screws passing through them simultaneously in the left and right directions. As needed, one set of the aforementioned auxiliary cutting system (see...) can be installed on one double-arm rocker arm coal mining machine. Figure 16 , 17 ) or two sets (see left and right) Figure 18 Even more than two sets of the aforementioned auxiliary cutting systems can be used to improve cutting capacity. A single auxiliary cutting system can be replaced with auxiliary arm drums of different diameters, and multiple sets of auxiliary cutting systems can be installed on the same machine body, making the corresponding coal mining machine highly adaptable to thin coal seams with thicker thicknesses or thin coal seams with large thickness variations.
[0055] The structure and installation of the motor, clutch, transmission mechanism, and rollers in the auxiliary cutting system can all be achieved by adopting or referencing existing rocker arm structures.
[0056] In this article, "left, right, front, back, up, down" are used to describe related structures to express the relative positional relationship between the corresponding structures, not to limit their absolute location. The left and right are borrowed from the traction direction when the main cutting equipment such as the coal mining machine is working, and the front and back are borrowed from the direction perpendicular to the coal wall, where front is the direction pointing to the coal wall.
Claims
1. A folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for a coal mining machine, characterized in that: It includes an auxiliary arm roller, an auxiliary arm, a swing arm, a first linear reciprocating motion mechanism, a second linear reciprocating motion mechanism, and a body connecting plate. The body connecting plate is fixed to the body of the coal mining machine. The swing arm includes two parts: a strip-shaped arm beam and a rotating shaft extending outward from the arm beam in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the arm beam. The rotating shaft extends back and forth and is rotatably installed in the body connecting plate. The arm beam is located in front of the body connecting plate. The auxiliary arm includes an auxiliary arm housing and an auxiliary arm motor, an auxiliary arm clutch, and an auxiliary arm transmission mechanism installed within the housing. The output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected to and disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism via the auxiliary arm clutch. The main body of the auxiliary arm housing is a linearly extending cylindrical body, and the transmission output shaft of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism is rotatably supported within the housing. One end of the auxiliary arm housing is hinged to the boom beam, and the other end is a free end. The output end of the transmission output shaft protrudes from the free end of the auxiliary arm housing and is coaxially and fixedly connected to the auxiliary arm roller. The auxiliary arm roller is fitted onto the auxiliary arm housing. The boom beam and the auxiliary arm housing are connected by a first linear reciprocating motion mechanism. Under the extension and retraction of the first linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the auxiliary arm can switch between two positions: the cylindrical axis of the auxiliary arm housing is perpendicular to and parallel to the plate surface of the boom beam. In these two positions, the auxiliary arm is in the extended and retracted state, respectively. One end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the boom beam with the hinge axis extending forward and backward. The other end of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism is hinged to the body of the coal mining machine. Under the extension and retraction of the second linear reciprocating motion mechanism, the boom beam and the auxiliary arm swing with the rotating shaft.
2. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft is installed at a height that is not higher than but close to the surface of the coal mining machine.
3. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary arm roller is a small-diameter roller with a diameter not exceeding 800mm.
4. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameters of the front, middle, and rear ends of the rotating shaft decrease sequentially. The rotating shaft is axially positioned in the rotating shaft mounting hole of the fuselage connecting plate by the step between its front and middle ends. The rotating shaft has an axial through hole and a radial through hole that are interconnected. The axial through hole passes through the boom beam forward and through the rotating shaft backward. The radial through hole extends to the left and right and passes through the rotating shaft. The left and right sides of the fuselage connecting plate are respectively provided with a left through hole and a right through hole. The left and right through holes are respectively connected to the radial through holes from the left and right sides. A radially mounted pin is installed on the rear end of the rotating shaft to prevent the rotating shaft from axially separating from the fuselage connecting plate. Above and below the rotating shaft mounting hole in the fuselage connecting plate, there are also upper and lower through grooves that are interconnected from left to right.
5. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The boom beam has a planar symmetrical structure. When the boom beam is in a horizontally extended state, its symmetrical structure is called an upper and lower symmetrical structure.
6. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that: The auxiliary arm transmission mechanism also includes a planetary reduction mechanism. The sun gear of the planetary reduction mechanism is the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism, and the planet carrier of the planetary reduction mechanism is coaxially spline-connected to the transmission output shaft. According to the orientation of the auxiliary arm when it is in the deployed state, the auxiliary arm housing is a cylindrical structure with a circular cross-section, which is thinner at the front and thicker at the back. The front and rear sections of the auxiliary arm housing are transitioned by a conical surface. The inner cavities of the front and rear sections are respectively the front cavity and the rear cavity, which are connected. Most of the transmission output shaft is located in the front cavity. The auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism are installed in the rear cavity. The auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism in the rear cavity are separated into dry and wet cavities by a sealing structure. The cavity where the auxiliary arm motor is located is the dry cavity, and the cavity where the planetary reduction mechanism is located is the wet cavity.
7. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The sun gear has a blind hole opening at the rear. The front section of the blind hole is a light hole, and the rear section is a spline hole. The light hole and the spline hole are coaxial. The front part of the clutch output shaft of the auxiliary arm clutch consists of a light shaft section and a spline shaft section from front to back. When the light shaft section and the spline shaft section slide and engage with the light hole and the spline hole respectively, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is coaxially connected to the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch. When the entire spline shaft section is located behind the spline hole and only the front part of the light shaft section engages with the light hole, the output shaft of the auxiliary arm motor is disconnected from the input end of the auxiliary arm transmission mechanism through the auxiliary arm clutch.
8. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 7, characterized in that: A sealing seat is installed between the auxiliary arm motor and the planetary reduction mechanism in the rear cavity. The front and rear ends of the sun gear are rotatably supported in the inner hole of the rear end of the transmission output shaft and the inner hole of the sealing seat by the front and rear bearings, respectively. A dynamic seal is provided between the sealing seat and the sun gear, and a static seal is provided between the sealing seat and the inner hole of the auxiliary arm housing. The dynamic seal is located behind the rear bearing. The sealing seat, the dynamic seal, and the static seal constitute the sealing structure.
9. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The system also includes a water inlet system, comprising a water inlet hole in the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, a radial hole and an axial hole of the output shaft connected sequentially in the transmission output shaft, and an isolation and sealing water passage structure between the inner hole wall of the auxiliary arm housing and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water inlet and outlet of the housing water inlet hole are located on the outer surface and inner hole wall of the auxiliary arm housing, respectively. The water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The axial hole of the output shaft extends forward along the axial direction and penetrates the transmission output shaft. The front end of the axial hole of the output shaft is the water outlet. The isolation and sealing water passage structure seals and separates the water outlet from the oil cavity in the auxiliary arm housing. The water outlet of the housing water inlet hole is connected to the water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft through the isolation and sealing water passage structure.
10. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The isolation and sealing water passage structure includes a water seal seat installed on the inner wall of the auxiliary arm housing. Multiple seals are provided between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing. From front to back, a front auxiliary water seal, a front main water seal, a rear main water seal, and a rear auxiliary water seal are provided between the inner surface of the water seal seat and the outer cylindrical surface of the transmission output shaft. The water seal seat is provided with a radial through hole and an outer annular groove. The outer annular groove is located on the outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat and the groove opening faces radially outward. The radial through hole connects the outer annular groove and the inner hole of the water seal seat. The front main water seal and the rear main water seal are located in front of and behind the water outlet of the housing water inlet, the water inlet of the output shaft radial hole, and the radial through hole of the water seal seat, respectively. The front main water seal, the rear main water seal, the water seal seat, and the transmission output shaft enclose an annular area. The housing water inlet, the outer annular groove, the radial through hole, the annular area, and the output shaft radial hole are sequentially connected.
11. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 10, characterized in that: The outer cylindrical surface in the middle of the transmission output shaft is provided with a wear-resistant layer. The water inlet of the radial hole of the output shaft is located in the area where the wear-resistant layer is located. The transmission output shaft is also provided with an output shaft oil passage hole. A single output shaft oil passage hole has multiple oil ports. Some of the oil ports are located in the area where the wear-resistant layer is located, and the remaining oil ports are located on the bottom surface of the inner hole at the rear end of the transmission output shaft.
12. The folding swing-type auxiliary cutting system for coal mining machines as described in claim 11, characterized in that: A leakage detection system is also provided, which includes a front annular gap between the front main water seal and the front auxiliary water seal, a rear annular gap between the rear main water seal and the rear auxiliary water seal, a housing leakage hole in the housing wall of the auxiliary arm housing, and a liquid conduction sensor in the housing leakage hole. The water seal seat is also provided with a front radial through hole and a rear radial through hole that communicate with the front and rear annular gaps respectively. The outer cylindrical surface of the water seal seat is also provided with a front annular groove and a rear annular groove that communicate with the front and rear radial through holes respectively. The housing leakage hole is provided with a front leakage inlet and a rear leakage inlet that communicate one-to-one with the front and rear annular grooves respectively. The outlet of the housing leakage hole is located on the outer surface of the auxiliary arm housing. The seal between the water seal seat and the auxiliary arm housing is distributed in front of and behind the front leakage inlet and the rear leakage inlet.