Arc-shaped wall self-adapting constant resistance energy-absorbing supporting structure for coal mine roadway

Abstract

The application discloses an arc-shaped wall self-adaptive constant-resistance energy-absorbing supporting structure for a coal mine tunnel, which comprises a supporting roof plate, a support column is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting roof plate, and a support base is matched arranged below the support column; a sliding groove is formed in the support base, the support column is in sliding fit with the sliding groove and can vertically reciprocatingly slide along the sliding groove; an energy-absorbing spring is sleeved outside the lower end of the support column, the upper end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected with the support column, and the lower end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected with the support base; an elastic cushion layer is arranged above the supporting roof plate, and an elastic supporting mechanism is assembled between the elastic cushion layer and the supporting roof plate; the application aims to solve the problems of poor adaptability, incapability of self-adapting surrounding rock deformation, poor constant-resistance energy-absorbing effect and insufficient supporting stability of the existing coal mine tunnel supporting structure, and provides the arc-shaped wall self-adaptive constant-resistance energy-absorbing supporting structure for the coal mine tunnel, so as to improve the adaptability, stability and structural protection performance of the tunnel supporting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine roadway support technology, specifically to an adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway. Background Technology

[0002] During mining operations, the surrounding rock in underground coal mine roadways is susceptible to factors such as ground stress and mining pressure, resulting in deformation, settlement, and compression. This can easily lead to safety accidents such as roof cracking, rockfall, or even collapse, seriously threatening the safety of underground workers and equipment. Therefore, roadway support structures are the core facilities for ensuring safe production in underground coal mines.

[0003] Currently, most existing coal mine roadway support structures employ rigid or simple elastic support structures. Rigid support structures have a fixed overall stiffness, making them unable to adapt to the minute deformations of the surrounding rock. The continuous accumulation of stress in the surrounding rock easily leads to compression damage and failure of the support structure. Conventional elastic support structures are mostly single-spring buffer structures, exhibiting poor support stability, insufficient uniform stress distribution, and lacking the ability to adapt to constant resistance sliding, thus failing to adaptively adjust the support state according to changes in roadway pressure. Furthermore, the existing support structures have a single type of top buffer support layout, resulting in limited overall energy absorption and buffering effects. This makes them unsuitable for the support requirements of curved roadway walls, exhibiting defects such as poor support adaptability, insufficient stability, and limited protective performance. Consequently, they cannot meet the long-term, stable support operation requirements of coal mine roadways under complex geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of poor adaptability, inability to adapt to surrounding rock deformation, poor constant resistance energy absorption effect, insufficient support stability, and difficulty in adapting to the support requirements of arc-shaped roadways in existing coal mine roadway support structures. This invention provides an adaptive constant resistance energy absorption support structure for arc-shaped walls of coal mine roadways, which improves the adaptability, stability and structural protection performance of roadway support.

[0005] An adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway includes a support roof, a support column fixedly connected to the bottom of the support roof, and a support seat matched below the support column; the support seat has a sliding groove inside, the support column slides in the sliding groove and can slide vertically back and forth along the sliding groove; an energy-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the support column, the upper end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the support column, and the lower end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the support seat; an elastic pad is provided above the support roof, and an elastic support mechanism is assembled between the elastic pad and the support roof.

[0006] Furthermore, the elastic support mechanism includes a movable plate and a fixed plate, both of which extend along the width direction of the support top plate; the top of the movable plate is fixedly connected to the elastic pad layer, and the bottom of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support top plate; a sliding cavity is provided on the top of the fixed plate, and the movable plate slides in conjunction with the sliding cavity and can slide vertically back and forth along the sliding cavity; a support spring is installed inside the sliding cavity, and both ends of the support spring are fixedly connected to the movable plate and the fixed plate, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of support springs are provided, and the plurality of support springs are evenly spaced along the length direction of the fixed plate.

[0008] Furthermore, several elastic support mechanisms are provided, which are evenly distributed along the width direction of the support top plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the support top plate is configured as an arc-shaped structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the shape and size of the elastic pad are adapted to the support top plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a constant resistance sliding bushing is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the support column, and the constant resistance sliding bushing is slidably connected to the slide groove.

[0012] Furthermore, a limiting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support column, and a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide groove. The limiting ring is used to limit the vertical movement of the limiting plate.

[0013] Furthermore, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support, and the mounting plate has several mounting holes.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention features an arc-shaped support top plate, which can perfectly adapt to the support form of the arc-shaped roadway wall in coal mines, with stronger fit, effectively improving the overall support coverage of the roadway, adapting to the stress characteristics of the surrounding rock of the arc-shaped roadway, and avoiding local support gaps.

[0015] 2. This invention uses a vertical adaptive buffer structure composed of a support column, a support base, a sliding groove, and an energy-absorbing spring. Combined with a constant resistance sliding bushing, it enables the smooth and constant resistance sliding of the support column. It can adapt to the vertical deformation and pressure fluctuation of the surrounding rock in the roadway, achieve constant resistance energy absorption and buffering, avoid structural damage caused by stress concentration in rigid support, and improve the adaptive adjustment capability of the support structure.

[0016] 3. The present invention sets up multiple sets of evenly distributed elastic support mechanisms between the support top plate and the elastic pad layer. Each set of elastic support mechanisms is equipped with multiple evenly distributed support springs, forming a multi-layer, multi-point elastic support system. The support force is more uniform, which greatly improves the top buffer energy absorption effect and enhances the overall stability of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of the support column and the support of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the elastic support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the elastic support mechanism; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the elastic support mechanism.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Support plate; 2. Column; 3. Support; 4. Slide groove; 5. Energy-absorbing spring; 6. Elastic pad; 7. Elastic support mechanism; 71. Movable plate; 72. Fixed plate; 73. Sliding cavity; 74. Support spring; 8. Constant resistance sliding bushing; 9. Limiting plate; 10. Limiting ring; 11. Mounting plate; 12. Mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The orientations mentioned in this specification are based on the orientation of the arc-shaped wall adaptive constant resistance energy absorption support structure for coal mine roadways of the present invention during normal operation, and do not limit the orientation during storage and transportation. They only represent relative positional relationships and do not represent absolute positional relationships.

[0021] This invention discloses an adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this structure includes an arc-shaped support roof 1, which is adapted to the contour of the arc-shaped tunnel wall in the coal mine, and can be fitted to the arc-shaped tunnel wall for full coverage support. Vertically installed pillars 2 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the support roof 1. The pillars 2 are the main load-bearing support structure, and corresponding supports 3 are installed below the pillars 2, providing vertical support and a sliding foundation for the pillars 2.

[0022] The bottom of the support 3 is fixedly welded with an installation plate 11. The installation plate 11 is a rectangular plate structure with several evenly arranged installation holes 12. During construction, the installation plate 11 can be fixed to the bottom base of the roadway by bolts passing through the installation holes 12, so as to achieve a firm assembly of the entire support structure. The installation is convenient and the fixation stability is strong.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, a vertical groove 4 is provided inside the support 3. The lower end of the support column 2 extends into the groove 4, and a constant resistance sliding bushing 8 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the support column 2. The constant resistance sliding bushing 8 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the groove 4, so that the support column 2 can slide stably vertically back and forth along the groove 4, realizing the adaptive sliding adjustment of the support structure. At the same time, the constant resistance sliding bushing 8 is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the groove 4, ensuring that the constant resistance sliding bushing 8 can slide in the groove 4 while generating a certain friction between the two, which is used to absorb part of the pressure of the support column 2, ensuring the constant resistance characteristics during the sliding process, and also playing a guiding role.

[0024] A limiting plate 9 is fixedly welded to the bottom end of the support column 2. The limiting plate 9 is a circular plate structure. A limiting ring 10 is fixedly installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the slide groove 4. The inner diameter of the limiting ring 10 is smaller than the outer diameter of the limiting plate 9. The limiting ring 10 prevents the limiting plate 9 from moving downward, accurately limiting the vertical sliding stroke of the support column 2, limiting the maximum compression of the energy-absorbing spring 5, and protecting the energy-absorbing spring 5 from being crushed.

[0025] An energy-absorbing spring 5 is fitted on the outer side of the lower end of the support column 2. The energy-absorbing spring 5 is a high-strength mining spring. The upper end of the energy-absorbing spring 5 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support column 2, and the lower end of the energy-absorbing spring 5 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the support 3. When the roof of the roadway undergoes pressure deformation, the support column 2 slides downward with the roof pressure, compressing the energy-absorbing spring 5. The elastic deformation of the energy-absorbing spring 5 achieves pressure buffering and energy absorption, adaptively offsetting the pressure fluctuations of the surrounding rock in the roadway.

[0026] An elastic pad 6 is installed above the supporting roof 1. The elastic pad 6 is made of mine-grade flame-retardant rubber pad or flame-retardant polyurethane (PU) elastic pad, which has high elasticity, resistance to compression and fatigue deformation, and can be repeatedly compressed and rebounded, with excellent buffering and energy absorption effect. It has flame-retardant and anti-static properties, meets the explosion-proof safety specifications of underground coal mines, is wear-resistant and moisture-resistant, and is suitable for long-term stress deformation conditions in roadways. The shape and size of the elastic pad 6 are completely compatible with the arc-shaped supporting roof 1, and can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the roadway roof to achieve initial buffering protection, while avoiding rigid contact between the supporting roof 1 and the roadway rock wall, reducing rock wall wear and stress damage.

[0027] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, several sets of elastic support mechanisms 7 are assembled between the elastic pad layer 6 and the support top plate 1. These sets of elastic support mechanisms 7 are evenly distributed along the width direction of the support top plate 1, forming a multi-point uniform support structure. The elastic support mechanism 7 includes a movable plate 71 and a fixed plate 72. Both the movable plate 71 and the fixed plate 72 extend along the width direction of the support top plate 1 to ensure sufficient support coverage.

[0028] The top of the movable plate 71 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the elastic pad 6, and the bottom of the fixed plate 72 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support top plate 1. A sliding cavity 73 is provided on the top of the fixed plate 72, and the lower part of the movable plate 71 is slidably assembled inside the sliding cavity 73, allowing it to slide vertically along the sliding cavity 73. Several support springs 74 are installed inside the sliding cavity 73, and the support springs 74 are evenly spaced along the length of the fixed plate 72. The upper and lower ends of the support springs 74 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable plate 71 and the bottom wall of the sliding cavity 73, respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the lower part of the movable plate 71 is provided with a guide plate that extends into the sliding cavity 73. The guide plate slides back and forth against the inner wall of the sliding cavity 73 to guide and radially limit the spring. A cross plate is also provided between the guide plate and the movable plate 71 to limit the travel distance of the movable plate 71.

[0030] With multiple sets of elastic support mechanisms 7 and internally evenly distributed support springs 74, the elastic pad 6 can be uniformly elastically supported, making the elastic pad 6 fit more tightly with the roadway wall, adapting to the arc wall structure with different curvatures of the roadway, avoiding inadequate support in some places, which would lead to stress concentration and local fracture. The elastic pad 6 can also further improve the top buffer energy absorption effect, forming a double-layer buffer protection system with the lower energy absorption springs 5, greatly improving the structure's self-adaptive support capability.

[0031] The installation and operation process of this invention: During construction, the entire structure is fixed to the preset installation position in the coal mine roadway through the installation holes 12 of the mounting plate 11, so that the arc-shaped support roof plate 1 fits against the arc-shaped rock wall of the roadway. When the surrounding rock of the roadway undergoes pressure deformation, the pressure is transmitted sequentially through the rock wall, the elastic pad 6, and the elastic support mechanism 7 to the support roof plate 1, and then transmitted by the support column 2 to the lower energy-absorbing spring 5. The support spring 74 and the energy-absorbing spring 5 undergo elastic deformation synchronously, and cooperate with the constant resistance sliding of the support column 2 along the slide groove 4 to adaptively adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock and buffer the pressure of the surrounding rock, so as to achieve constant resistance energy-absorbing support; the limiting plate 9 and the limiting ring 10 cooperate to limit the maximum sliding stroke to avoid structural failure. It can stably adapt to the arc-shaped roadway support conditions throughout the entire process, so as to achieve adaptive, constant resistance, and long-term roadway support operation.

[0032] Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the examples given above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway, characterized in that, The system includes a support top plate, with a support column fixedly connected to the bottom of the support top plate, and a support seat matched below the support column; the support seat has a sliding groove inside, and the support column slides in cooperation with the sliding groove and can slide vertically back and forth along the sliding groove; an energy-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the support column, the upper end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the support column, and the lower end of the energy-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the support seat; an elastic pad is provided above the support top plate, and an elastic support mechanism is assembled between the elastic pad and the support top plate.

2. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support mechanism includes a movable plate and a fixed plate, both of which extend along the width of the support top plate. The top of the movable plate is fixedly connected to the elastic pad, and the bottom of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the support top plate. A sliding cavity is provided on the top of the fixed plate, and the movable plate slides in conjunction with the sliding cavity and can slide vertically back and forth along the sliding cavity. A support spring is installed inside the sliding cavity, and both ends of the support spring are fixedly connected to the movable plate and the fixed plate, respectively.

3. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support springs are provided in a plurality of manner, and the plurality of support springs are evenly spaced along the length direction of the fixed plate.

4. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic support mechanism comprises several units, which are evenly distributed along the width direction of the support top plate.

5. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support top plate is designed with an arc-shaped structure.

6. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape and size of the elastic pad are adapted to the support top plate.

7. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, A constant resistance sliding bushing is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the lower end of the support column, and the constant resistance sliding bushing is slidably connected to the slide groove.

8. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the support column, and a limiting ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide groove. The limiting ring is used to limit the vertical movement of the limiting plate.

9. The adaptive constant resistance energy-absorbing support structure for the arc-shaped wall of a coal mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support is fixedly connected to a mounting plate at its bottom, and the mounting plate has several mounting holes.

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