A kind of open coal mine slope rod type optical fiber coupling measuring device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slopes, belonging to the field of open-pit coal block landslide coupling measurement technology. It includes a fixed rod, with a light source and a spectrometer mounted on one side. A spiral groove is formed on the periphery of the fixed rod, and an optical fiber is housed within the spiral groove. Both ends of the optical fiber are connected to the light source and the spectrometer, respectively. Two through slots are formed inside the fixed rod, and four clearance slots are formed on the periphery of each of the two through slots. A buffer rod is slidably installed within each clearance slot, with one end of the buffer rod penetrating one side of the clearance slot and fixedly mounted with a compression plate. The compression plate of this invention presses against the inner wall of the borehole through its outer wall, relying on friction to firmly anchor the fixed rod to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod deforms synchronously with the rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of strain transmission. Simultaneously, the device can be quickly removed by retracting the compression plate, facilitating later maintenance and reuse, and adapting to the flexible monitoring needs of open-pit coal mines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of open-pit coal mine landslide coupling measurement technology, and particularly relates to an open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The stability of open-pit coal mine slopes is directly related to the safety and production efficiency of mining operations. Geological disasters such as slope slippage and collapse can easily cause equipment damage, casualties and production interruptions. Therefore, long-term and accurate real-time monitoring of slope internal deformation is the core link in slope disaster early warning and prevention.

[0003] Currently, open-pit coal mine slope monitoring mainly employs techniques such as manual inspection, GNSS surface displacement monitoring, and fixed inclinometers. Manual inspection is inefficient, subjective, and unable to monitor deep deformation. GNSS can only acquire surface displacement data and cannot capture early signs of deep slip surfaces. Traditional inclinometers are mostly point-based measurements, which suffer from limited accuracy, poor long-term stability, and susceptibility to environmental interference. During the operation of existing devices, blasting operations and the operation of large machinery in open-pit coal mines generate continuous strong vibrations. Existing devices lack effective lateral and axial buffering and damping structures, which can easily cause fiber optic displacement and bending within the pole, resulting in optical path coupling failure. It can also loosen and shift precision optical components such as light sources and spectral analysis, further reducing the stability and reliability of measurement data. In view of this, we propose a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slopes to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes, comprising a fixed pole, a driving assembly, and a shock-absorbing assembly; One side of the fixing rod is provided with a light source body and a spectrum analyzer. A spiral groove is opened on the periphery of the fixing rod. An optical fiber body is installed in the spiral groove. The two ends of the optical fiber body are connected to the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, respectively. Two through grooves are opened in the fixing rod. Four clearance grooves are opened in the fixing rod and on the periphery of each of the two through grooves. A buffer rod is slidably installed in the clearance groove. One end of the buffer rod passes through one side of the clearance groove and is fixedly installed with a pressing plate. A groove is opened on the periphery of the fixing rod and on the inner side of each of the eight pressing plates. A spring is installed in the clearance groove. The drive assembly is located inside the fixed rod and is used to drive the eight buffer rods to move; The shock-absorbing component is located at the bottom end of the fixed rod and is used to dampen the fixed rod.

[0006] In this technical solution, the device uses a drive assembly to simultaneously extend and retract eight sets of extrusion plates, balancing ease of installation with reliable anchoring. The drive assembly causes the buffer rod to slide inward along the relief groove, and the compression spring simultaneously pulls the extrusion plate completely into the groove. At this time, the outer diameter of the fixing rod is reduced, allowing it to be smoothly inserted into the slope borehole and facilitating later removal and maintenance. When the fixing rod is inserted to the designed depth, the drive motor rotates in the opposite direction to release the connecting rope. The elastic restoring force of the spring pushes the buffer rod to extend outward along the relief groove, causing the eight arc-shaped extrusion plates to simultaneously expand in a ring until the outer wall of the extrusion plate tightly abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. The contact friction force is used to achieve a firm anchoring of the fixing rod to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of deformation monitoring. The eight compression plates, arranged in a ring at equal intervals around the fixed rod, along with the matching buffer structure, constitute a lateral vibration protection system. During open-pit coal mining, blasting vibrations and mechanical operation vibrations are transmitted to the rod through the drilled rock mass. When lateral vibrations act on the compression plates, the compression plates drive the buffer rod to slide back and forth along the relief groove. The spring, through repeated compression and rebound, converts the vibration kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and gradually dissipates it, significantly reducing the force of vibration impact on the fixed rod body. This prevents the internal optical fiber body from shifting, bending, or failing optical path coupling due to severe vibration, ensuring the long-term stability of the optical measurement link.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the drive assembly further includes two connecting slots, both of which are opened in the fixed rod and located between two through slots. Four fixed pulleys are rotatably installed in the through slots. A pull rope is fixedly installed at the other end of the buffer rod. One end of the pull rope passes through the other side of the clearance slot and extends into the through slot. A connecting rope is provided in the connecting slot. One end of the connecting rope is fixedly connected to the corresponding four pull ropes. A winding slot is opened in the fixed rod and located between the two connecting slots. A winding roller is rotatably installed in the winding slot. The other end of the connecting rope is fixedly connected to the winding roller. A drive slot is opened in the fixed rod and located on one side of the winding roller. A drive motor is fixedly installed in the drive slot. The output end of the drive motor passes through one side of the drive slot and is coaxially connected to the winding roller.

[0008] In this technical solution, the device achieves synchronous deployment and retraction of eight sets of extrusion plates through a drive assembly, balancing ease of installation and anchoring reliability. After the drive motor starts, it drives the winding roller to rotate, winding the connecting rope. The connecting rope transmits tension along the connecting groove, synchronously pulling the four pull ropes in the through groove. After the pull ropes are turned by the fixed pulley, they pull the buffer rod, causing the buffer rod to slide inward along the relief groove. The compression spring also drives the extrusion plate to be completely retracted into the groove. At this time, the outer diameter of the fixing rod is reduced, which can be smoothly inserted into the slope borehole and is also convenient for later removal and maintenance. When the fixing rod is inserted to the designed depth, the drive motor rotates in the opposite direction to release the connecting rope. The elastic restoring force of the spring pushes the buffer rod to extend outward along the relief groove, causing the eight arc-shaped extrusion plates to synchronously expand in a ring until the outer wall of the extrusion plate tightly abuts the inner wall of the borehole. The contact friction force is used to achieve a firm anchoring of the fixing rod to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass and ensuring the accuracy of deformation monitoring.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the pull rope is further slidably connected to the fixed pulley, the output shaft of the drive motor is rotatably connected to the fixed rod, and the connecting rope is slidably connected to the connecting groove. This technical solution ensures that the pull rope can slide normally on the fixed pulley, that the output shaft of the drive motor can rotate normally within the fixed rod, and that the connecting rope can slide normally within the connecting groove.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the four fixed pulleys are further arranged in a ring with equal spacing, and the two through slots are connected to the two connecting slots and the winding slot. This technical solution ensures that the four fixed pulleys are evenly distributed, guaranteeing the structural stability of the two through slots, the two connecting slots, and the winding slot.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the vibration damping component further includes a vibration damping groove, which is formed at the bottom end of the fixed rod. A sliding rod is slidably installed in the vibration damping groove, and the bottom end of the sliding rod passes through the bottom of the vibration damping groove and is fixedly installed on a base plate. A damping rod is provided in the vibration damping groove, and a second spring is sleeved on the damping rod. In this technical solution, the vibration damping component at the bottom end of the fixed rod is used to weaken the impact of axial vibration on precision optical components. The base plate contacts the bottom of the drill hole for bearing. When axial vibration is transmitted upward, the sliding rod slides up and down along the vibration damping groove. The second spring, in conjunction with the damping rod, generates a damping force, gradually dissipating the energy of the axial vibration, reducing the axial vibration amplitude of the fixed rod, and preventing optical path misalignment and loosening of components such as the light source body and the spectrometer due to axial vibration, thereby further improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement data.

[0012] In the above technical solution, furthermore, both ends of the damping rod are tightly welded to the sliding rod and the inner wall of the damping groove, respectively, and both ends of the second spring are tightly welded to the sliding rod and the inner wall of the damping groove, respectively. This technical solution ensures the structural stability of the damping rod and guarantees the structural stability of the second spring.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the extrusion plate is further fitted into the groove, and both ends of the spring are tightly welded to the buffer rod and the inner wall of the relief groove, respectively. This technical solution ensures that the extrusion plate can be inserted into the groove, guaranteeing the structural stability of the spring.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the four extrusion plates are further arranged in a ring with equal spacing, and the extrusion plates have an arc-shaped structure. This technical solution ensures that the distribution of the four extrusion plates is uniform, guaranteeing the structural stability of the extrusion plates.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slopes, which adopts the above-mentioned pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the geological conditions, potential slip surface distribution and monitoring requirements of the open-pit coal mine slope, select the monitoring section and mark the location of the measuring points. Use drilling equipment to construct a suitable monitoring borehole. The borehole depth penetrates the potential slip layer of the slope. The borehole diameter matches the outer diameter of the fixed rod after it is folded up. After drilling, clean the rock cuttings and slag from the inner wall of the borehole to ensure that the borehole wall is regular and without protrusions, so as to provide a basic condition for the subsequent implantation and anchoring of the fixed rod. Step S2: Start the drive motor, and use the take-up roller in the take-up groove to take up the connecting rope in the connecting groove. With the help of the fixed pulley in the through groove, the traction rope is turned and pulled, which in turn pulls the buffer rod to slide along the relief groove and compresses the spring one. All eight extrusion plates are gathered into the groove of the fixed rod. Make sure that the overall outer diameter of the fixed rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the drill hole. Align the bottom end of the fixed rod with the drill hole entrance, keep the rod in the center, and slowly and evenly push the rod to the preset depth in the drill hole until the bottom plate of the bottom end contacts the bottom of the drill hole. During the pushing process, avoid the fixed rod scraping the hole wall and causing damage to the parts. Step S3: After the fixing rod is in place, reverse the start of the drive motor to release the tension of the connecting rope and the pull rope. The elastic restoring force of spring one pushes the buffer rod to extend outward along the relief groove. The eight extrusion plates simultaneously expand in a ring and press against the inner wall of the drill hole. After confirming that the fixing rod is not loose and is firmly anchored, turn off the drive motor, connect the power supply circuit of the light source body and the spectrum analyzer, check the optical path coupling status of the optical fiber body laid in the spiral groove, adjust the emission power of the probe light and the spectral acquisition parameters, confirm that the optical fiber signal transmission is normal and the spectrum analyzer can stably acquire data, and complete the installation and debugging of the device.

[0016] Furthermore, following step S3, step S4 is followed by the device entering a normalized monitoring state. The light source continuously emits stable detection light to the optical fiber body. The optical fiber body senses strain signals at various depths of the slope along the entire length of the fixed rod. When the vibration generated by the mining operation is transmitted through the borehole wall, the compression plate, in conjunction with the buffer rod and spring one, weakens the lateral vibration. The sliding rod and damping rod in the damping groove, in conjunction with spring two and the bottom plate, weaken the axial vibration, ensuring the stability of the optical path. When the slope rock mass deforms, the optical signal characteristics of the optical fiber body change with the strain. The spectrometer continuously collects and stores data such as the wavelength and intensity of the optical signal according to the set collection frequency, and synchronously marks the collection time and corresponding depth position, realizing all-weather continuous monitoring of the internal deformation of the slope.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention, a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slopes, are as follows: 1. This open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device can synchronously control the folding and unfolding of eight extrusion plates through a drive component. In the folded state, the extrusion plates are completely housed in the groove, reducing the overall outer diameter of the fixing rod and allowing for smooth insertion into the slope borehole, significantly reducing installation resistance. After being inserted into place, the extrusion plates are unfolded, and the outer wall can press against the inner wall of the borehole, relying on friction to achieve a firm anchoring of the fixing rod to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod deforms synchronously with the rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of strain transmission. At the same time, the device can be quickly removed by folding the extrusion plates, facilitating later maintenance and reuse, and adapting to the flexible monitoring needs of open-pit coal mines.

[0018] 2. In this open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device, eight sets of extrusion plates, buffer rods, and springs arranged in a ring around the fixed rod constitute a lateral buffer system. This system can effectively dissipate the lateral vibration energy generated by blasting and mechanical operations in open-pit coal mines. When the lateral vibration is transmitted to the extrusion plate through the borehole wall, the buffer rod slides back and forth along the relief groove, and the spring absorbs and dissipates the vibration kinetic energy through elastic deformation. This significantly weakens the vibration impact transmitted to the fixed rod body, preventing the fiber body in the spiral groove from shifting, bending, or breaking due to vibration. This effectively prevents optical path coupling failure and ensures the long-term stable operation of the optical measurement link.

[0019] 3. In this open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device, the damping component installed at the bottom of the fixed rod can effectively weaken axial vibration. The base plate is supported at the bottom of the borehole. When axial vibration is transmitted, the sliding rod slides along the damping groove. With the damping buffering effect of the damping rod and spring two, the axial vibration energy is gradually dissipated, reducing the axial vibration amplitude of the fixed rod. This prevents the light source body, spectrum analyzer and other precision optical components from experiencing optical path deviation and loosening due to axial vibration, further improving the accuracy and stability of the measurement data. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed internal structural diagram of the fixing rod in this invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the fixing rod in this invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sealed end cap exploding in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the regional structure of the guide cone in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the regional structure of the data processing module in this invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Fixed rod; 2. Light source body; 3. Spectrometer; 4. Spiral groove; 5. Fiber optic body; 6. Groove; 7. Extrusion plate; 8. Clearance groove; 9. Buffer rod; 10. Spring 1; 11. Pull rope; 12. Through groove; 13. Fixed pulley; 14. Connecting groove; 15. Connecting rope; 16. Rewinding groove; 17. Rewinding roller; 18. Drive groove; 19. Drive motor; 20. Shock absorption groove; 21. Sliding rod; 22. Base plate; 23. Damping rod; 24. Spring 2; 25. Flexible sealing strip; 26. Sealing end cap; 27. Sealing ring; 28. Limit buckle; 29. ​​Data processing module; 30. Wireless communication module; 31. Audible and visual alarm; 32. Guide cone; 33. Lifting ring; 34. Anti-slip ridge. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0025] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0026] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0027] This invention discloses a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method for open-pit coal mine slopes, belonging to the field of open-pit coal block landslide coupling measurement technology. It includes a fixed rod, with a light source and a spectrometer mounted on one side. A spiral groove is formed on the periphery of the fixed rod, and an optical fiber is housed within the spiral groove. Both ends of the optical fiber are connected to the light source and the spectrometer, respectively. Two through slots are formed inside the fixed rod, and four clearance slots are formed on the periphery of each of the two through slots. A buffer rod is slidably installed within each clearance slot, with one end of the buffer rod penetrating one side of the clearance slot and fixedly mounted with a compression plate. The compression plate of this invention presses against the inner wall of the borehole through its outer wall, relying on friction to firmly anchor the fixed rod to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod deforms synchronously with the rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of strain transmission. Simultaneously, the device can be quickly removed by retracting the compression plate, facilitating later maintenance and reuse, and adapting to the flexible monitoring needs of open-pit coal mines.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0029] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes, including: A fixed rod 1 is provided with a light source body 2 and a spectrum analyzer 3 on one side. A spiral groove 4 is provided on the periphery of the fixed rod 1. An optical fiber body 5 is provided in the spiral groove 4. The two ends of the optical fiber body 5 are connected to the light source body 2 and the spectrum analyzer 3 respectively. Two through grooves 12 are provided in the fixed rod 1. Four clearance grooves 8 are provided in the fixed rod 1 and on the periphery of each of the two through grooves 12. A buffer rod 9 is slidably installed in the clearance groove 8. One end of the buffer rod 9 passes through one side of the clearance groove 8 and is fixedly installed with a pressing plate 7. A groove 6 is provided on the periphery of the fixed rod 1 and on the inner side of each of the eight pressing plates 7. A spring 10 is provided in the clearance groove 8. A drive assembly is located inside the fixed rod 1 and is used to drive the eight buffer rods 9 to move. The shock absorption assembly is located at the bottom end of the fixed rod 1 and is used to absorb the vibration of the fixed rod 1.

[0030] The device uses a drive assembly to simultaneously extend and retract eight sets of extrusion plates 7, balancing ease of installation with reliable anchoring. The drive assembly causes the buffer rod 9 to slide inward along the relief groove 8, compressing the spring 10 and causing the extrusion plate 7 to be fully retracted into the groove 6. At this time, the outer diameter of the fixing rod 1 decreases, allowing it to be smoothly inserted into the slope borehole and facilitating later removal and maintenance. When the fixing rod 1 is inserted to the designed depth, the drive motor 19 rotates in the opposite direction to release the connecting rope 15. The elastic restoring force of the spring 10 pushes the buffer rod 9 to extend outward along the relief groove 8, causing the eight arc-shaped extrusion plates 7 to simultaneously expand in a ring until the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7 tightly abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. The contact friction force is used to achieve a firm anchoring of the fixing rod 1 to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of deformation monitoring.

[0031] The eight extrusion plates 7, arranged in a ring at equal intervals around the fixed rod 1, along with the matching buffer structure, constitute a lateral vibration protection system. During open-pit coal mining, blasting vibrations and mechanical operation vibrations are transmitted to the rod body through the drilled rock mass. When lateral vibrations act on the extrusion plates 7, the extrusion plates 7 drive the buffer rod 9 to slide back and forth along the relief groove 8. The spring 10, through repeated compression and rebound, converts the vibration kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and gradually dissipates it, greatly reducing the force of vibration impact on the fixed rod 1 body. This prevents the internal optical fiber body 5 from shifting, bending, or failing optical path coupling due to severe vibration, ensuring the long-term stability of the optical measurement link.

[0032] Example 2: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solution of Embodiment 1 above, the drive assembly also includes two connecting slots 14. Both connecting slots 14 are opened in the fixed rod 1 and located between two through slots 12. Four fixed pulleys 13 are rotatably installed in the through slots 12. A pull rope 11 is fixedly installed at the other end of the buffer rod 9. One end of the pull rope 11 passes through the other side of the clearance slot 8 and extends into the through slot 12. A connecting rope 15 is provided in the connecting slot 14. One end of the connecting rope 15 is fixedly connected to the corresponding four pull ropes 11. A winding slot 16 is opened in the fixed rod 1 and located between the two connecting slots 14. A winding roller 17 is rotatably installed in the winding slot 16. The other end of the connecting rope 15 is fixedly connected to the winding roller 17. A drive slot 18 is opened in the fixed rod 1 and located on one side of the winding roller 17. A drive motor 19 is fixedly installed in the drive slot 18. The output end of the drive motor 19 passes through one side of the drive slot 18 and is coaxially connected to the winding roller 17.

[0033] The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device achieves synchronous deployment and retraction of eight sets of extrusion plates 7 through a drive assembly, balancing ease of installation and anchoring reliability. After the drive motor 19 starts, it drives the winding roller 17 to rotate, winding the connecting rope 15. The connecting rope 15 transmits tension along the connecting groove 14, synchronously pulling the four pull ropes 11 in the through groove 12. After the pull ropes 11 are turned by the fixed pulley 13, they pull the buffer rod 9, causing the buffer rod 9 to slide inward along the relief groove 8, compressing the spring 10 and driving the extrusion plate 7 to be completely retracted into the groove 6. At this point, the outer diameter of the fixing rod 1 decreases, allowing it to be smoothly inserted into the slope borehole and facilitating its later removal and maintenance. Once the fixing rod 1 is inserted to the designed depth, the drive motor 19 rotates in the opposite direction to release the connecting rope 15. The elastic restoring force of the spring 10 pushes the buffer rod 9 outward along the relief groove 8, causing the eight arc-shaped extrusion plates 7 to expand synchronously in a ring until the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7 tightly abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. By relying on contact friction, the fixing rod 1 is firmly anchored to the slope rock mass, ensuring that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass and guaranteeing the accuracy of deformation monitoring.

[0034] Example 3: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of the above embodiments, the pull rope 11 is slidably connected to the fixed pulley 13, the output shaft of the drive motor 19 is rotatably connected to the fixed rod 1, and the connecting rope 15 is slidably connected to the connecting groove 14.

[0035] Specifically, it is ensured that the pull rope 11 can slide normally on the fixed pulley 13, that the output shaft of the drive motor 19 can rotate normally within the fixed rod 1, and that the connecting rope 15 can slide normally within the connecting groove 14.

[0036] Example 4: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solution of the above embodiment, four fixed pulleys 13 are distributed in a ring with equal spacing, and two through slots 12 are connected to two connecting slots 14 and a winding slot 16.

[0037] In this process, it is ensured that the four fixed pulleys 13 are evenly distributed, and that the structure of the two through grooves 12, the two connecting grooves 14, and the winding groove 16 is stable.

[0038] Example 5: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of the above embodiments, the damping component includes a damping groove 20, which is opened at the bottom end of the fixed rod 1. A sliding rod 21 is slidably installed in the damping groove 20. The bottom end of the sliding rod 21 passes through the bottom of the damping groove 20 and is fixedly installed with a base plate 22. A damping rod 23 is provided in the damping groove 20, and a spring 24 is sleeved on the damping rod 23.

[0039] The damping component at the bottom of the fixed rod 1 is used to reduce the impact of axial vibration on precision optical components. The base plate 22 contacts the bottom of the drill hole to bear the load. When the axial vibration is transmitted upward, the sliding rod 21 slides up and down along the damping groove 20. The spring 24 and the damping rod 23 generate a damping force to gradually dissipate the energy of the axial vibration, reduce the axial vibration amplitude of the fixed rod 1, and prevent the light source body 2, the spectrometer 3 and other components from optical path deviation and loosening due to axial vibration, thereby further improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement data.

[0040] Example 6: This embodiment provides a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions described in the above embodiment, the two ends of the damping rod 23 are tightly welded to the sliding rod 21 and the inner wall of the damping groove 20, respectively, and the two ends of the spring 24 are also tightly welded to the sliding rod 21 and the inner wall of the damping groove 20, respectively. This ensures the structural stability of the damping rod 23 and guarantees the structural stability of the spring 24.

[0041] Example 7: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, the extrusion plate 7 is inserted into the groove 6, and both ends of the spring-10 are tightly welded to the buffer rod 9 and the inner wall of the relief groove 8, respectively. This ensures that the extrusion plate 7 can be inserted into the groove 6, guaranteeing the structural stability of the spring-10.

[0042] Example 8: This embodiment provides a rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, four extrusion plates 7 are distributed in a ring with equal spacing, and the extrusion plates 7 have an arc-shaped structure. This ensures the uniform distribution of the four extrusion plates 7 and guarantees the structural stability of the extrusion plates 7.

[0043] Example 9: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slopes, which is used in the open-pit coal mine pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the geological conditions, potential slip surface distribution and monitoring requirements of the open-pit coal mine slope, select the monitoring section and mark the location of the measuring points. Use drilling equipment to construct a suitable monitoring borehole. The borehole depth penetrates the potential slip layer of the slope. The borehole diameter matches the outer diameter of the fixed rod 1 after it is folded up. After drilling, clean the rock cuttings and slag from the inner wall of the borehole to ensure that the borehole wall is regular and without protrusions, so as to provide the basic conditions for the subsequent implantation and anchoring of the fixed rod 1. Step S2: Start the drive motor 19, and the winding roller 17 in the winding groove 16 winds up the connecting rope 15 in the connecting groove 14. The fixed pulley 13 in the through groove 12 turns the traction rope 11, thereby pulling the buffer rod 9 to slide along the relief groove 8 and compress the spring 10. All eight extrusion plates 7 are gathered into the groove 6 of the fixed rod 1. Confirm that the overall outer diameter of the fixed rod 1 is smaller than the inner diameter of the drill hole. Align the bottom end of the fixed rod 1 with the drill hole entrance, keep the rod body in the center, and slowly and evenly push the rod body to the preset depth in the drill hole until the bottom plate 22 of the bottom end contacts the bottom of the drill hole. During the pushing process, avoid the fixed rod 1 scraping the hole wall to prevent damage to the parts. Step S3: After the fixing rod 1 is in place, reverse the start of the drive motor 19 to release the tension of the connecting rope 15 and the pull rope 11. The elastic restoring force of the spring 10 pushes the buffer rod 9 to extend outward along the relief groove 8. The eight extrusion plates 7 simultaneously expand in a ring and press against the inner wall of the drill hole. After confirming that the fixing rod 1 is not loose and is firmly anchored, turn off the drive motor 19, connect the power supply circuit of the light source body 2 and the spectrum analyzer 3, check the optical path coupling status of the optical fiber body 5 arranged in the spiral groove 4, adjust the emission power of the probe light and the spectral acquisition parameters, confirm that the optical fiber signal transmission is normal and the spectrum analyzer 3 can stably acquire data, and complete the installation and debugging of the device.

[0044] In step S4, following step S3, the device enters a normalized monitoring state. Specifically, the light source 2 continuously emits stable detection light to the optical fiber 5. The optical fiber 5 senses the strain signals at various depths of the slope along the entire length of the fixed rod 1. When the vibration generated by the mining operation is transmitted through the borehole wall, the compression plate 7, together with the buffer rod 9 and spring 10, weakens the lateral vibration. The sliding rod 21 and damping rod 23 in the damping groove 20, together with the spring 24 and the base plate 22, weaken the axial vibration, ensuring the stability of the optical path. When the slope rock mass deforms, the optical signal characteristics of the optical fiber 5 change with the strain. The spectrometer 3 continuously collects and stores the wavelength, intensity, and other data of the optical signal according to the set collection frequency, and synchronously marks the collection time and corresponding depth position, realizing all-weather continuous monitoring of the internal deformation of the slope.

[0045] Further, in step S4, step S5 performs noise reduction, temperature compensation, and calibration processing on the raw optical signal data collected by the spectrometer. Specifically, step S5 involves: combining the layout parameters and strain calibration coefficients of the optical fiber body 5, converting the wavelength shift of the optical signal into the actual deformation at different depths of the slope; comparing monitoring data from multiple time periods to analyze the development trend of slope deformation, the location of the slip surface, and the deformation rate; assessing the slope stability state in conjunction with slope geological parameters; and promptly triggering a slope instability warning when the deformation or deformation rate exceeds a preset warning threshold, providing data support for slope disaster prevention and control in open-pit coal mines.

[0046] Furthermore, the working principle of the open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method of the present invention is as follows: The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device achieves synchronous deployment and retraction of eight sets of extrusion plates 7 through a drive assembly, balancing ease of installation and anchoring reliability. After the drive motor 19 starts, it drives the winding roller 17 to rotate, winding the connecting rope 15. The connecting rope 15 transmits tension along the connecting groove 14, synchronously pulling the four pull ropes 11 in the through groove 12. The pull ropes 11, after being deflected by the fixed pulley 13, pull the buffer rod 9, causing the buffer rod 9 to slide inward along the relief groove 8, compressing the spring 10 and causing the extrusion plates 7 to be completely retracted into the groove 6. When the outer diameter of the fixing rod 1 is reduced, it can be smoothly inserted into the slope borehole and is also easy to remove and maintain later. When the fixing rod 1 is inserted to the designed depth, the drive motor 19 rotates in the opposite direction to release the connecting rope 15. The elastic restoring force of the spring 10 pushes the buffer rod 9 to extend outward along the relief groove 8, which drives the eight arc-shaped extrusion plates 7 to expand synchronously in a ring until the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7 tightly abuts against the inner wall of the borehole. The fixing rod 1 is firmly anchored to the slope rock mass by relying on the contact friction force, ensuring that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass and ensuring the accuracy of deformation monitoring. The eight extrusion plates 7, which are equidistantly distributed in a ring around the fixed rod 1, together with the matching buffer structure, constitute a lateral vibration protection system. During the open-pit coal mining process, the blasting vibration and mechanical operation vibration will be transmitted to the rod through the drilled rock mass. When the lateral vibration acts on the extrusion plate 7, the extrusion plate 7 drives the buffer rod 9 to slide back and forth along the relief groove 8. The spring 10 converts the vibration kinetic energy into elastic potential energy and gradually dissipates it through repeated compression and rebound, which greatly weakens the force of vibration impact on the fixed rod 1 body, avoids the internal optical fiber body 5 from being displaced, bent or optical path coupling failure due to severe vibration, and ensures the long-term stability of the optical measurement link. The detection light emitted by the light source 2 is coupled into the spirally arranged optical fiber 5. The optical fiber 5 is coiled along the spiral groove 4 of the fixed rod 1 to form a distributed sensing unit distributed along the axial direction of the rod. When the open-pit coal mine slope undergoes deformation such as sliding, settlement, or cracking, the borehole wall generates radial or axial displacement. Through the extrusion plate 7, the fixed rod 1 generates corresponding strain, and the spirally arranged optical fiber 5 is stretched or compressed accordingly. The backscattered light characteristics in the optical fiber are shifted. The spectrum analyzer 3 receives and analyzes the wavelength change of the light signal. Combined with the optical fiber layout position and strain calibration coefficient, the deformation amount, deformation direction, and deformation rate at different depths of the slope can be calculated, realizing the distributed quantitative measurement of the internal deformation of the slope. The damping component at the bottom of the fixed rod 1 is used to reduce the impact of axial vibration on precision optical components. The base plate 22 contacts the bottom of the drill hole to bear the load. When the axial vibration is transmitted upward, the sliding rod 21 slides up and down along the damping groove 20. The spring 24, together with the damping rod 23, generates a damping force to gradually dissipate the energy of the axial vibration, reduce the axial vibration amplitude of the fixed rod 1, and prevent the light source body 2, the spectrum analyzer 3 and other components from optical path deviation and loosening due to axial vibration, thereby further improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement data.

[0047] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 7-9 As shown, further embodiments are given to illustrate the preferred technical solutions of the present invention.

[0048] Example 10: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 mentioned above, a sealing and protective component is provided on the periphery of the fixed rod 1 and at the opening of the spiral groove 4. The sealing and protective component includes a flexible sealing strip 25 arranged along the extension direction of the spiral groove 4. The flexible sealing strip 25 covers the opening of the spiral groove 4, and the two side edges of the flexible sealing strip 25 are respectively sealed and fitted to the two side walls of the spiral groove 4. Both ends of the fixed rod 1 are fitted with sealing end caps 26, and a sealing ring 27 is provided between the sealing end caps 26 and the fixed rod 1.

[0049] The environment inside the borehole on the slope is complex, often with groundwater seepage, mud retention, and dust accumulation. If water vapor or mud enters the spiral groove 4 and continuously wets the optical fiber body 5, it will cause hydrolysis and aging of the coating layer on the surface of the optical fiber body 5, increase the optical signal transmission loss, and in severe cases, even cause optical path coupling failure, affecting the reliability of long-term monitoring. In this embodiment, a flexible sealing strip 25 is set to cover the opening of the spiral groove 4 to isolate the optical fiber body 5 from the water vapor, mud, and other media in the borehole. At the same time, the sealing end caps 26 and sealing rings 27 at both ends of the fixed rod 1 are used to seal the coupling parts between the ends of the optical fiber body 5 and the light source body 2 and the spectrometer 3, forming a continuous sealing protection along the axial direction of the rod. While ensuring that the optical fiber body 5 can freely expand and contract with the strain of the rod, it effectively blocks the intrusion of external water vapor, dust, and corrosive media, extends the service life of the optical fiber body 5 and the optical path coupling structure, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the device in the harsh mining environment.

[0050] Example 11: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10 above, the fiber body 5 adopts a single-mode strain sensing fiber. Multiple limiting buckles 28 are provided at intervals along the extension direction of the spiral groove 4. The limiting buckles 28 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the spiral groove 4. The fiber body 5 is snapped into the limiting buckles 28. The pitch of the spiral groove 4 gradually decreases from the top to the bottom along the axial direction of the fixing rod 1.

[0051] The strain sensing sensitivity of the optical fiber body 5 is closely related to its deployment method. By setting limiting buckles 28 to fix the optical fiber body 5 in sections, it can ensure that the optical fiber body 5 maintains a predetermined spiral trajectory within the spiral groove 4, avoiding axial movement, tangling, or excessive bending of the optical fiber under the action of device installation and vibration. On the other hand, it allows the optical fiber body 5 to retain a certain free section between adjacent limiting buckles 28, ensuring that the optical fiber can effectively expand and contract with the strain of the rod, preventing the optical fiber from being unable to respond to small deformations due to excessive constraint. The pitch of the spiral groove 4 gradually decreases from the top to the bottom along the axial direction of the fixing rod 1, which increases the number of coils of the optical fiber body 5 per unit length at the bottom of the fixing rod 1 and improves the sensing resolution, allowing for more precise differentiation of small deformations in the deep rock mass of the slope. The pitch at the top of the fixing rod 1 is relatively large, saving on the amount of optical fiber used. Thus, while ensuring the overall measurement accuracy, it also takes into account the manufacturing cost, achieving a non-uniform resolution distribution along the axial direction of the rod, which better matches the actual distribution law of large deformation in shallow parts and small deformation in deep parts of open-pit coal mine slopes.

[0052] Example 12: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10-11 mentioned above, it also includes a data acquisition and remote monitoring component. The data acquisition and remote monitoring component includes a data processing module 29 and a wireless communication module 30. The output end of the spectrometer 3 is connected to the signal input end of the data processing module 29. The data processing module 29 includes a signal conditioning circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, and a microprocessor connected in sequence. The output end of the microprocessor is connected to the wireless communication module 30. The wireless communication module 30 communicates with the remote monitoring center through a wireless network.

[0053] The raw optical signal data collected by the spectrometer 3 is filtered, amplified, and denoised by the signal conditioning circuit, and then converted into a digital signal by the analog-to-digital converter. The microprocessor performs strain calculation and data packaging processing on the digital signal to obtain the real-time deformation at each depth of the slope. The monitoring data is then uploaded to the remote monitoring center in real time via the wireless communication module 30. Monitoring personnel can remotely view the deformation curves of each measuring point on the slope and receive early warning information at the monitoring center without frequently going to the mine site. This enables remote, intelligent, and all-weather monitoring of slope deformation in open-pit coal mines, reducing the frequency of manual inspections, lowering monitoring costs, and improving the speed of early warning response.

[0054] Example 13: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10-12 mentioned above, the data processing module 29 has a preset hierarchical early warning model. The hierarchical early warning model includes a blue early warning threshold, a yellow early warning threshold, and a red early warning threshold set sequentially. The microprocessor compares the deformation amount and deformation rate obtained in real time with each early warning threshold. When the deformation amount or deformation rate exceeds the blue early warning threshold, the microprocessor controls the wireless communication module 30 to send a blue early warning message to the remote monitoring center. When it exceeds the yellow early warning threshold, a yellow early warning message is sent and an alarm signal is sent to the on-site audible and visual alarm 31 at the same time. When it exceeds the red early warning threshold, a red early warning message is sent and a linkage command is sent to the remote monitoring center and the mine emergency management platform at the same time to trigger the personnel evacuation plan.

[0055] The geological conditions and deformation characteristics of slopes vary across different mining areas and monitoring sections, making it difficult to accurately reflect the actual instability risk of slopes with a single fixed threshold. By setting tiered early warning thresholds and comprehensively considering both deformation amount and deformation rate, false alarms caused by monitoring noise can be avoided, and the development stages of slope deformation can be finely divided: a blue warning indicates that the slope has entered the initial stage of accelerated deformation, and the monitoring frequency should be increased; a yellow warning indicates that the slope deformation has accelerated significantly, and manual patrols should be increased and evacuation preparations should be made; a red warning indicates that the slope is approaching instability, and an emergency response should be initiated immediately. The tiered early warning mechanism enables monitoring data to be effectively transformed into actionable disaster prevention decision-making basis, significantly improving the timeliness and effectiveness of slope disaster prevention and control in open-pit coal mines.

[0056] Example 14: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10-13 mentioned above, the fiber body 5 includes a measuring fiber and a temperature compensation fiber arranged in parallel. The temperature compensation fiber is laid inside the fixed pole 1 and is not strain-coupled with the pole body of the fixed pole 1. The output ends of the measuring fiber and the temperature compensation fiber are both connected to the spectrometer 3.

[0057] In this context, the backscattered signal of the optical fiber is affected by both strain and temperature. If the temperature effect is not differentiated and compensated for, calculating the deformation solely based on the change in optical signal wavelength will result in significant measurement errors. This is especially problematic in open-pit coal mines with large diurnal and seasonal temperature differences, where temperature drift can distort monitoring data. This embodiment addresses this by using a temperature-compensating optical fiber that is not strain-coupled to the pole. This allows the temperature-compensating fiber to sense only ambient temperature changes without being affected by pole strain. The measuring optical fiber simultaneously senses both strain and temperature changes. The spectrometer 3 collects both optical signals, and the data processing module 29 subtracts the wavelength change of the temperature-compensating fiber from the wavelength change of the measuring fiber, thus eliminating the influence of temperature effects and obtaining the wavelength change caused by pure strain. This allows for the accurate calculation of slope deformation, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0058] Example 15: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10-14 mentioned above, a guide cone 32 is provided on the outer side of the bottom end of the fixed rod 1. The guide cone 32 has a cone-shaped structure that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The outer wall of the guide cone 32 smoothly transitions with the outer wall of the fixed rod 1. The bottom plate 22 is located below the guide cone 32. A lifting ring 33 is provided at the top of the fixed rod 1.

[0059] The alignment of the borehole opening and the rod body after drilling has a significant impact on the installation quality of the device. After setting the guide cone 32, during the lowering of the fixed rod 1, the guide cone 32 first contacts the edge of the borehole opening. Under the guidance of the cone surface, the rod body automatically slides towards the center of the borehole, realizing automatic alignment between the rod body and the borehole, and avoiding the rod body from deviating and scraping the borehole wall, thus preventing damage to the extrusion plate 7 or the optical fiber body 5. The lifting ring 33 facilitates the connection of the fixed rod 1 by lifting equipment or personnel through ropes, realizing the smooth lowering and subsequent removal of the rod body, further reducing the difficulty of installation and maintenance, and improving construction efficiency and installation quality.

[0060] Example 16: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solutions of embodiments 1-8 and 10-15 mentioned above, the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7 is provided with anti-slip ridges 34. The anti-slip ridges 34 are spaced along the arc surface of the extrusion plate 7. When the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7 abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, the anti-slip ridges 34 are embedded in the rough surface of the inner wall of the borehole.

[0061] The anchoring force between the extrusion plate 7 and the borehole inner wall depends on their contact friction characteristics. After anti-slip ridges 34 are installed on the outer wall of the extrusion plate 7, these ridges can embed into the micro-cracks and rough surfaces of the borehole rock, significantly increasing the friction coefficient and mechanical interlocking effect between the contact surfaces. This makes the anchoring between the fixing rod 1 and the borehole rock more secure, especially suitable for drilling conditions where the borehole wall is relatively smooth or the rock mass is highly weathered. It effectively prevents the fixing rod 1 from sliding or loosening under gravity and long-term vibration, ensuring that the rod and the slope rock mass deform synchronously, thereby guaranteeing the long-term reliability and continuity of monitoring data.

[0062] Example 17: This embodiment provides a pole-type fiber optic coupling measurement method for open-pit coal mine slopes. In addition to the technical solution of embodiment 9 above, it also includes a fiber optic strain calibration step before step S5: the assembled fixed pole 1 is placed on an indoor calibration platform, multiple known displacements are applied to the pole body along the axial direction of the fixed pole 1, the wavelength offset of the optical signal output by the spectrometer 3 is recorded step by step, and the calibration curve of wavelength offset and pole body strain is obtained by fitting, thereby determining the strain calibration coefficient of the fiber body 5; after on-site installation, the measured wavelength offset is converted into slope deformation using the calibration coefficient, and the device is periodically sampled and retested to correct the calibration coefficient drift caused by fiber optic aging and environmental changes.

[0063] The conversion relationship between optical fiber wavelength offset and strain is affected by factors such as optical fiber material, winding process, and deployment parameters. Directly using theoretical calibration coefficients for conversion will introduce systematic errors. Through indoor step-by-step loading calibration, a wavelength-strain mapping relationship for specific devices can be established, improving conversion accuracy. Furthermore, optical fibers may experience sensitivity drift due to creep and aging during long-term service. Regular on-site retesting and calibration coefficient correction can continuously ensure the accuracy of monitoring data, guaranteeing the reliability of the data used for slope deformation early warning.

[0064] Beneficial effects: In summary, the open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device and method provided by the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The eight extrusion plates 7 are synchronously extended and retracted by the drive assembly, so that the outer diameter of the fixing rod 1 is reduced when it is inserted into the borehole, which is convenient for installation and subsequent removal and maintenance. After being inserted into place, the extrusion plate 7 is driven to expand in a ring and press against the inner wall of the borehole by the elastic restoring force of the spring-10, so as to achieve firm anchoring, ensure that the rod can deform synchronously with the slope rock mass, and improve the accuracy of deformation monitoring. (2) The eight extrusion plates 7, buffer rods 9, and springs 10 form a lateral vibration protection system, which converts the lateral vibration kinetic energy of blasting vibration and mechanical operation vibration during open-pit coal mining into elastic potential energy and gradually dissipates it, weakening the impact of vibration on the fixed rod 1 body and the internal optical fiber body 5, and ensuring the long-term stability of the optical measurement link. (3) The damping component at the bottom of the fixed rod 1 uses the damping rod 23 and the spring 24 to weaken the axial vibration, so as to prevent the light source body 2, the spectrometer 3 and other precision components from optical path deviation and loosening due to axial vibration, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of the measurement data. (4) By using the best technical solutions such as sealed protection components, fiber optic limit layout, graded early warning, temperature compensation and remote data transmission, the device has been further improved in terms of environmental adaptability, measurement accuracy, service life and disaster early warning capability in complex open-pit coal mine environments. The overall structure is compact, easy to install and reliable in operation, and can be widely used in the field of long-term monitoring of slope stability in open-pit coal mines.

[0065] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device for open-pit coal mine slopes, characterized in that, The device includes a fixed rod (1), a drive assembly, and a shock-absorbing assembly. A light source body (2) and a spectrometer (3) are provided on one side of the fixed rod (1). A spiral groove (4) is provided on the periphery of the fixed rod (1). An optical fiber body (5) is provided in the spiral groove (4). The two ends of the optical fiber body (5) are connected to the light source body (2) and the spectrometer (3) respectively. Two through grooves (12) are provided in the fixed rod (1). Four clearance grooves (8) are provided in the fixed rod (1) and on the periphery of the two through grooves (12) respectively. A buffer rod (9) is slidably installed in the clearance groove (8). One end of the buffer rod (9) passes through one side of the clearance groove (8) and is fixedly installed with an extrusion plate (7). A groove (6) is provided on the periphery of the fixed rod (1) and on the inner side of the eight extrusion plates (7) respectively. A spring (10) is provided in the clearance groove (8). The drive assembly is located inside the fixed rod (1) and is used to drive the eight buffer rods (9) to move; The shock-absorbing component is located at the bottom end of the fixed rod (1) and is used to dampen the fixed rod (1).

2. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes two connecting slots (14), both of which are opened in the fixed rod (1) and located between two through slots (12). Four fixed pulleys (13) are rotatably installed in the through slots (12). A pull rope (11) is fixedly installed at the other end of the buffer rod (9). One end of the pull rope (11) passes through the other side of the clearance slot (8) and extends into the through slot (12). A connecting rope (15) is provided in the connecting slot (14), and one end of the connecting rope (15) is fixed to the corresponding four pull ropes (11). The connection is as follows: a winding groove (16) is provided in the fixed rod (1) between the two connecting grooves (14), and a winding roller (17) is rotatably installed in the winding groove (16). The other end of the connecting rope (15) is fixedly connected to the winding roller (17). A drive groove (18) is provided in the fixed rod (1) on one side of the winding roller (17), and a drive motor (19) is fixedly installed in the drive groove (18). The output end of the drive motor (19) passes through one side of the drive groove (18) and is coaxially connected to the winding roller (17).

3. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pull rope (11) is slidably connected to the fixed pulley (13), the output shaft of the drive motor (19) is rotatably connected to the fixed rod (1), and the connecting rope (15) is slidably connected to the connecting groove (14).

4. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The four fixed pulleys (13) are distributed in a ring at equal intervals, and the two through slots (12) are connected to the two connecting slots (14) and the winding slot (16).

5. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shock absorption components include: The damping groove (20) is located at the bottom end of the fixed rod (1). A sliding rod (21) is slidably installed in the damping groove (20). The bottom end of the sliding rod (21) passes through the bottom of the damping groove (20) and is fixedly installed with a base plate (22). A damping rod (23) is provided in the damping groove (20). A spring (24) is sleeved on the damping rod (23).

6. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two ends of the damping rod (23) are tightly welded to the sliding rod (21) and the inner wall of the damping groove (20), respectively. The two ends of the spring (24) are tightly welded to the sliding rod (21) and the inner wall of the damping groove (20), respectively.

7. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion plate (7) is inserted into the groove (6), and the two ends of the spring (10) are respectively welded to the inner wall of the buffer rod (9) and the relief groove (8).

8. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The four extrusion plates (7) are distributed in a ring with equal spacing, and the extrusion plates (7) have an arc-shaped structure.

9. A method for measuring open-pit coal mine slope using a pole-type fiber optic coupling, used in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step S1: Based on the geological conditions of the open-pit coal mine slope, the distribution of potential slip surfaces and monitoring requirements, select the monitoring section and mark the location of the measuring points. Use drilling equipment to construct a suitable monitoring borehole. The borehole depth penetrates the potential slip layer of the slope. The borehole diameter matches the outer diameter of the fixed rod (1) after it is closed. After the borehole is formed, clean the rock cuttings and slag on the inner wall of the borehole to ensure that the borehole wall is regular and without protrusions, so as to provide the basic conditions for the subsequent implantation and anchoring of the fixed rod (1). Step S2: Start the drive motor (19), and use the take-up roller (17) in the take-up groove (16) to take up the connecting rope (15) in the connecting groove (14). In conjunction with the fixed pulley (13) in the through groove (12), turn the traction rope (11) to pull the buffer rod (9) along the relief groove (8) and compress the spring (10). All eight extrusion plates (7) are gathered into the groove (6) of the fixed rod (1). Confirm that the overall outer diameter of the fixed rod (1) is smaller than the inner diameter of the drill hole. Align the bottom end of the fixed rod (1) with the drill hole entrance, keep the rod body in the center, and slowly and evenly push the rod body to the preset depth in the drill hole until the bottom plate (22) of the bottom end contacts the bottom of the drill hole. During the pushing process, avoid the fixed rod (1) from scraping the hole wall and causing damage to the parts. Step S3: After the fixed rod (1) is in place, start the drive motor (19) in reverse to release the tension of the connecting rope (15) and the pull rope (11). The elastic restoring force of the spring (10) pushes the buffer rod (9) to extend outward along the relief groove (8). The eight extrusion plates (7) expand synchronously in a ring and press against the inner wall of the drill hole. After confirming that the fixed rod (1) is not loose and is firmly anchored, turn off the drive motor (19), connect the power supply circuit of the light source body (2) and the spectrum analyzer (3), check the optical path coupling status of the optical fiber body (5) laid in the spiral groove (4), adjust the emission power of the probe light and the spectrum acquisition parameters, confirm that the optical fiber signal transmission is normal and the spectrum analyzer (3) can stably acquire data, and complete the installation and debugging of the device.

10. The open-pit coal mine slope rod-type fiber optic coupling measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S3, it further includes step S4, where the device enters a normal monitoring state. The light source body (2) continuously emits stable detection light to the fiber body (5). The fiber body (5) senses the strain signals at various depths of the slope along the entire length of the fixed rod (1). When the vibration generated by the mining operation is transmitted through the borehole wall, the extrusion plate (7) works with the buffer rod (9) and spring one (10) to weaken the lateral vibration. The sliding rod (21) and damping rod (23) in the damping groove (20) work with the spring two (24) and the base plate (22) to weaken the axial vibration and ensure the stability of the optical path. When the slope rock mass deforms, the optical signal characteristics of the fiber body (5) change with the strain. The spectrometer (3) continuously collects and stores the wavelength, intensity and other data of the optical signal according to the set collection frequency, and synchronously marks the collection time and the corresponding depth position to realize all-weather continuous monitoring of the internal deformation of the slope.

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