Positioning measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of engineering surveying technology, and in particular to a positioning measurement method for municipal engineering construction. The method includes: setting up a grid of equally spaced measurement points on flat ground and slopes; leveling and zeroing the laser transmitter and receiver of a leveling instrument; sequentially placing the receiver at each slope marker position; sliding the laser receiver at a distance corresponding to a preset slope angle; reading the measurement values; and determining the deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle based on the comparison between the readings and the zero value, thus completing the slope positioning measurement. This measurement method eliminates the need to change the installation position and emission angle of the leveling instrument's laser transmitter. Flat ground detection and slope angle detection can be performed continuously, eliminating the tedious procedures of repeatedly moving equipment, adjusting the emission angle, and recalibrating the instrument. This significantly reduces on-site preparation time, and the deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle can be directly determined by comparing the measurement readings with the zero value, improving the efficiency of slope positioning measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering surveying technology, and in particular to a positioning measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction. Background Technology

[0002] In construction scenarios with large elevation differences, such as municipal foundation pits, deep roadbed excavation, and slope repair, laser leveling instruments are often used to complete the leveling of flat ground and slope detection during the later stages of project acceptance and verification. When conducting slope detection using existing technology, the leveling instrument needs to be adjusted to the designed slope angle before measurement. In actual project acceptance, the work area is large and the measuring points are scattered, so flat ground and slope detection are often carried out alternately.

[0003] After completing the leveling test, it is necessary to switch to slope test or test slopes at different angles. Each time the test target is changed, the laser emission angle of the leveling instrument must be readjusted. After the angle adjustment is completed, the instrument must be re-leveled and calibrated. When the instrument is set up at a distance, the operator has to go back and forth to adjust the laser emission angle of the leveling instrument. Therefore, it will consume a lot of time, the operation process is cumbersome, and the testing efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the above-mentioned or existing technologies, such as the use of laser leveling instruments for detecting slopes in construction projects with large elevation differences, such as municipal foundation pits, the need for repeated angle adjustments and calibrations when switching between flat ground and different slopes, the need for personnel to make back-and-forth adjustments, the time-consuming process, the cumbersome procedures, and the low detection efficiency, this invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a positioning measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction of the present invention includes:

[0008] Arrange equally spaced grid-like measurement points on flat ground and sloping ground;

[0009] The laser transmitter and laser receiver of the leveling instrument are leveled and their reference is zeroed.

[0010] Place the receiving terminal at each slope landmark in sequence, slide the laser receiving device at the distance corresponding to the preset slope, read the measurement values, and judge the deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle based on the comparison between the reading and the zero value, thus completing the slope positioning measurement.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the measurement marks are set at fixed points on flat ground and sloping ground to ensure that the spacing between the lateral position marks on flat ground and sloping ground is uniform, and the marks on the sloping ground fall on the slope of the sloping ground.

[0012] The first marker on the slope is set at the bottom of the slope.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, when leveling the laser transmitter and laser receiver of the leveling instrument and zeroing the reference, the laser transmitter of the leveling instrument is placed on the ground. The leveling device with the built-in bubble level of the laser transmitter of the leveling instrument is used to make the rotating laser parallel to the horizontal plane. The bubble level of the laser receiver of the leveling instrument is used to ensure that the receiver pole is perpendicular to the ground. The position of the laser receiver on the receiver pole is adjusted longitudinally so that the laser falls in the middle of the receiver panel and zeroing is completed, thus completing the leveling of the laser receiver.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning measurement method for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, when detecting the slope point, the laser receiving terminal of the leveling instrument after leveling is vertically placed at the first mark position at the bottom of the slope, keeping the initial position of the laser receiving device unchanged, and reading the value to obtain the leveling difference at the bottom of the slope. When detecting the second fixed point position on the slope, the laser receiving device on the laser receiving terminal of the leveling instrument is slid down the pole a preset distance.

[0015] Let the tilt angle of the leveling instrument be α (0° < α ≤ 5°), then the relationship between the horizontal distance L meters and the vertical height change H millimeters satisfies:

[0016] H = L × tanα × 1000

[0017] When α = 0.75°, the vertical height change corresponding to each meter of horizontal distance is 13.1 millimeters;

[0018] Taking a 1% slope and a 1-meter spacing between markers as an example, the corresponding distance the laser receiving device slides down is 13.1 millimeters. Then, keep the laser receiving terminal pole of the leveling instrument perpendicular to the ground and obtain the measurement value through the laser receiving device. If the reading is zero, the slope angle is equal to the preset angle.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning measurement method for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the method is as follows: when the measured value is greater than zero, the actual slope angle of the measuring point is greater than the preset angle; when the measured value is less than zero, the actual slope angle of the measuring point is less than the preset angle. The remaining points on the slope are measured in sequence. After each point on the next slope is measured, the laser receiving device on the laser receiving terminal continues to slide down the aforementioned preset distance, and the measured value of the laser receiving device is read. Each point uses the same value comparison and judgment logic as the second point, and the positioning measurement of the entire slope is completed point by point.

[0020] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction, including a receiving terminal in the positioning and measuring method for municipal engineering construction, including a pole and a laser receiving target disposed outside the pole;

[0021] The extension assembly disposed between the pole and the laser receiving target includes a support mechanism disposed between the pole and the laser receiving target, a positioning mechanism disposed on the support mechanism, and a driving mechanism disposed between the positioning mechanism and the support mechanism;

[0022] The support mechanism includes a sliding sleeve disposed between the upright and the laser receiving target and a scale rod inserted into the sliding sleeve;

[0023] The positioning mechanism includes a rotating roller disposed inside the scale bar and a positioning groove formed inside the scale bar;

[0024] The driving mechanism includes a sliding seat disposed inside the scale rod and a sliding block disposed inside the sliding seat.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning and measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the support mechanism further includes a connecting seat, the connecting seat is provided on the outside of the shell of the laser receiving target, the outer wall of the connecting seat is provided with a protrusion, a sliding column is inserted into the inside of the protrusion, a spring is sleeved on the outside of the sliding column, a groove is opened inside the sliding sleeve, a clamp is sleeved on the outside of the upright, and a connecting block is provided on the outer wall of the clamp.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the positioning mechanism further includes a first rotating column, a second rotating column is provided inside the connecting block, a connecting rod is provided between the first rotating column and the second rotating column, a second scale is provided on the outer wall of the clamp, and a long groove is provided inside the scale rod.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the extension component further includes a guiding mechanism, the guiding mechanism includes a first marker, the outer wall of the connecting seat is provided with the first marker, the interior of the connecting seat is provided with rollers, and the outer wall of the scale rod is provided with a slot.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction of the present invention, the extension component further includes a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism includes a limiting rod, the connecting block is provided with a limiting rod inside, the limiting rod is sleeved with a second spring, the sliding seat is provided with a third spring, a rotating plate is provided between the rotating column and the sliding block, and a rotating roller is provided at the end of the sliding seat.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the positioning measurement method for municipal engineering construction of the present invention are as follows: The positioning measurement method of the present invention does not require changing the installation position and emission angle of the laser emitter of the leveling instrument. Flat ground detection and slope detection can be carried out continuously, saving the tedious process of repeatedly moving equipment, adjusting the emission angle and recalibrating the instrument, greatly reducing the on-site detection preparation time. The deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle can be directly judged by comparing the measurement reading with the zero value. The judgment logic is simple and intuitive, reducing the operation threshold of municipal roadbed and slope acceptance operations and improving the work efficiency of slope positioning measurement.

[0030] In this positioning and measurement method, the measurement range is expanded by setting an extension component. It can directly read the height difference between the detection surface and the leveling surface, reduce the calculation error caused by manual conversion, and ensure the accuracy of leveling detection on flat ground. At the same time, it can be adapted to the measurement conditions of large height difference measurement points such as foundation pits and roadbeds. After the measurement is completed, each component is automatically locked and reset by the spring mechanism. The structure is easy to store, occupies little space, and can stably ensure the accuracy of multiple measurements, making it suitable for complex and ever-changing municipal construction sites. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the geometric principle of slope measurement in positioning measurement methods used in municipal engineering construction;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the laser receiving target and the support mechanism in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connecting seat and clamp in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0036] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the connecting seat and sliding sleeve in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0037] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the scale rod in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0038] Figure 7A schematic diagram showing the connection between the clamp and the second gauge in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0039] Figure 8 A longitudinal sectional view of the connecting block and scale rod in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction;

[0040] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the rotating plate and the sliding block in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0041] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the rotating plate in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a longitudinal half-section view of the scale rod in a positioning and measuring device used in municipal engineering construction.

[0043] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Pole; 2. Laser receiving target; 3. Extension assembly; 31. Support mechanism; 311. Connecting seat; 312. Protrusion; 313. Sliding column; 314. Spring 1; 315. Sliding sleeve; 316. Groove; 317. Fixture; 318. Connecting block; 319. Scale rod; 32. Guide mechanism; 321. Standard block 1; 322. Roller; 323. Slot; 33. Positioning mechanism; 331. Positioning groove; 332. Rotating column 1; 333. Rotating column 2; 334. Connecting rod; 335. Rotating roller 1; 337. Standard block 2; 338. Long groove; 34. Drive mechanism; 341. Limiting bar; 342. Spring 2; 343. Sliding seat; 344. Sliding block; 345. Spring 3; 346. Rotating plate; 347. Rotating roller 2. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more readily understood, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0047] Example 1, referring to Figures 1 to 5This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction, including:

[0048] Arrange equally spaced grid-like measurement points on flat ground and sloping ground;

[0049] The laser transmitter and laser receiver of the leveling instrument are leveled and their reference is zeroed.

[0050] The receiving terminal is placed sequentially at each slope landmark location. The laser receiving device is slid along the distance corresponding to the preset slope angle, and the measured values ​​are read. The deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle is determined by comparing the readings with the zero value, thus completing the slope positioning measurement.

[0051] Furthermore, measurement markers are set at fixed points on flat ground and slopes to ensure that the spacing between the lateral position markers on flat ground and slopes is uniform, and the marked points on slopes fall on the slope of the slope.

[0052] The first marker on the slope is set at the bottom of the slope.

[0053] Furthermore, when leveling and zeroing the laser transmitter and receiver of the leveling instrument, place the laser transmitter on the ground and use the built-in bubble leveling device to make the rotating laser parallel to the horizontal plane. Use the bubble level of the laser receiver to ensure that the receiver rod is perpendicular to the ground. Adjust the position of the laser receiver on the receiver rod vertically so that the laser falls in the middle of the receiver panel and completes the zeroing, thus completing the leveling of the laser receiver.

[0054] Furthermore, during slope point detection, the leveled laser receiving terminal of the leveling instrument is vertically placed at the first marked point at the bottom of the slope, keeping the initial position of the laser receiving device unchanged, and the value is read to obtain the leveling difference at the bottom of the slope. When detecting the second fixed point position on the slope, the laser receiving device on the leveling instrument laser receiving terminal is slid down the pole a preset distance.

[0055] Let the tilt angle of the leveling instrument be α (0° < α ≤ 5°), then the relationship between the horizontal distance L meters and the vertical height change H millimeters satisfies:

[0056] H = L × tan(α) × 1000

[0057] When α = 0.75°, the vertical height change corresponding to each meter of horizontal distance is 13.1 millimeters;

[0058] Taking a 1% slope and a 1-meter spacing between markers as an example, the corresponding distance the laser receiving device slides down is 13.1 millimeters. Then, keep the laser receiving terminal pole of the leveling instrument perpendicular to the ground and obtain the measurement value through the laser receiving device. If the reading is zero, the slope angle is equal to the preset angle.

[0059] Furthermore, when the measured value is greater than zero, the actual slope angle of the measurement point is greater than the preset angle; when the measured value is less than zero, the actual slope angle of the measurement point is less than the preset angle. The remaining points on the slope are measured in sequence. After each point on the slope is measured, the laser receiving device on the laser receiving terminal continues to slide down the aforementioned preset distance, and the measured value of the laser receiving device is read. Each point uses the same value comparison and judgment logic as the second point, and the positioning measurement of the entire slope is completed point by point.

[0060] By setting up equally spaced grid-like measurement points on flat and sloping ground, the laser transmitter and laser receiver of the leveling instrument are leveled and zeroed. Subsequently, only the pole 1 is moved to drive the laser receiving target 2 to measure point by point. There is no need to change the setting position and emission angle of the laser transmitter of the leveling instrument. Flat ground testing and slope testing can be carried out continuously, eliminating the need for repeated relocation, angle adjustment and recalibration of the leveling instrument, shortening the on-site testing preparation time. The deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle can be directly judged by comparing the reading and the zero value. The judgment logic is simple and unified, and it is easy for operators to master on site, reducing the operational threshold for the acceptance of municipal slopes and roadbed slopes.

[0061] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The invention provides a positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction, including a receiving terminal in the positioning and measuring method for municipal engineering construction described in the above embodiments, including a pole 1 and a laser receiving target 2 disposed outside the pole 1.

[0062] Specifically, the extension component 3 disposed between the pole 1 and the laser receiving target 2 includes a support mechanism 31 disposed between the pole 1 and the laser receiving target 2, a positioning mechanism 33 disposed on the support mechanism 31, and a drive mechanism 34 disposed between the positioning mechanism 33 and the support mechanism 31.

[0063] Furthermore, the laser receiving target 2 is movably mounted on the pole 1, and the extension assembly 3 is installed between the laser receiving target 2 and the pole 1. The extension assembly 3 includes a support mechanism 31 installed between the pole 1 and the laser receiving target 2, a positioning mechanism 33 installed on the support mechanism 31, and a drive mechanism 34 installed between the positioning mechanism 33 and the support mechanism 31.

[0064] Among them, laser receiving target 2 is the receiving target of the laser leveling instrument;

[0065] Specifically, the support mechanism 31 includes a sliding sleeve 315 disposed between the upright 1 and the laser receiving target 2 and a scale rod 319 inserted inside the sliding sleeve 315;

[0066] Furthermore, the support mechanism 31 includes a sliding sleeve 315 that slides longitudinally between the upright 1 and the laser receiving target 2, and a scale rod 319 that slides longitudinally inside the sliding sleeve 315.

[0067] Among them, steel balls are equidistantly installed inside the sliding sleeve 315, and the surface of the steel balls is rolledly connected to the outer surface of the scale rod 319. The outer scale of the scale rod 319 is divided into upper and lower parts, and the zero point starts from the middle part of the scale rod 319. The smallest unit of the outer scale of the scale rod 319 is one millimeter.

[0068] Specifically, the positioning mechanism 33 includes a rotating roller 335 disposed inside the scale bar 319 and a positioning groove 331 opened inside the scale bar 319;

[0069] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism 33 includes a rotating roller 335 rotatably connected inside the scale rod 319 and positioning grooves 331 equidistantly opened on the inner wall of the scale rod 319 near the rotating roller 335. The rotating roller 335 is engaged inside the positioning groove 331. There are four positioning grooves 331 and four rotating rollers 335. The upper and lower sides of the opening of the positioning groove 331 are arc-shaped.

[0070] Specifically, the drive mechanism 34 includes a sliding seat 343 disposed inside the scale rod 319 and a sliding block 344 disposed inside the sliding seat 343;

[0071] Furthermore, the drive mechanism 34 includes a sliding seat 343 that is laterally inserted into the scale rod 319 and a sliding block 344 that is laterally slidably connected to the sliding seat 343.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The support mechanism 31 also includes a connecting seat 311. The connecting seat 311 is provided on the outside of the housing of the laser receiving target 2. The outer wall of the connecting seat 311 is provided with a protrusion 312. A sliding column 313 is inserted into the inside of the protrusion 312. A spring 314 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding column 313. A groove 316 is opened inside the sliding sleeve 315. A clamp 317 is sleeved on the outside of the upright 1. A connecting block 318 is provided on the outer wall of the clamp 317.

[0073] Furthermore, the support mechanism 31 also includes a connecting seat 311. The connecting seat 311 is fixedly connected to the side of the housing of the laser receiving target 2. A protrusion 312 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the connecting seat 311. A sliding column 313 is slidably inserted into the inside of the protrusion 312. The sliding column 313 is "T" shaped. A spring 314 is sleeved on the outside of the sliding column 313. A groove 316 is opened inside the sliding sleeve 315. A clamp 317 is sleeved on the outside of the upright 1. The clamp 317 consists of a U-shaped block, an arc-shaped block and a bolt. The bolt rotates to push the arc-shaped block to slide and clamp the upright 1 between the U-shaped block and the arc-shaped block. A connecting block 318 is provided on the side of the clamp 317.

[0074] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The positioning mechanism 33 also includes a first rotating column 332, a second rotating column 333 is provided inside the connecting block 318, a connecting rod 334 is provided between the first rotating column 332 and the second rotating column 333, a first rotating roller 335 is provided between the first rotating column 332 and the second rotating column 333, a second measuring block 337 is provided on the outer wall of the clamp 317, and a long groove 338 is provided inside the scale rod 319;

[0075] Furthermore, the positioning mechanism 33 also includes a rotating column 332. Two rotating columns 332 are rotatably connected inside the connecting block 318, and two rotating columns 333 are rotatably connected inside the connecting block 318. The two rotating columns 332 and the two rotating columns 333 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the sliding seat 343 as the center. A connecting rod 334 is movably connected between the rotating columns 332 and the rotating columns 333 through a positioning pin. A second measuring block 337 is fixedly connected to the surface of the clamp 317 near the scale rod 319. A long groove 338 is longitudinally opened inside the scale rod 319. The long groove 338 is concave, and the connecting block 318 is convex. The connecting block 318 is slidably inserted into the inside of the long groove 338.

[0076] Reference Figures 2-6 The extension component 3 also includes a guide mechanism 32, which includes a standard block 321. The outer wall of the connecting seat 311 is provided with the standard block 321, the interior of the connecting seat 311 is provided with a roller 322, and the outer wall of the scale rod 319 is provided with a slot 323.

[0077] Furthermore, the extension component 3 also includes a guide mechanism 32, which includes a standard block 321. The standard block 321 is fixedly connected to the surface of the connecting seat 311 near the sliding sleeve 315. A roller 322 is rotatably connected inside the connecting seat 311. A groove 323 is opened on the outer wall of the scale rod 319. The surface of the roller 322 near the groove 323 is completely in contact with the inside of the groove 323.

[0078] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The extension component 3 also includes a drive mechanism 34, which includes a limiting rod 341. The limiting rod 341 is provided inside the connecting block 318. A second spring 342 is sleeved on the outside of the limiting rod 341. A third spring 345 is provided inside the sliding seat 343. A rotating plate 346 is provided between the rotating column 332 and the sliding block 344. A second roller 347 is provided at the end of the sliding seat 343.

[0079] Furthermore, the extension component 3 also includes a drive mechanism 34, which includes a limiting rod 341. Two limiting rods 341 are horizontally fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting block 318. A second spring 342 is sleeved on the outside of the limiting rod 341. A third spring 345 is fixedly connected inside the sliding seat 343. The sliding seat 343 is square-shaped. One end of the third spring 345 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sliding seat 343, and the other end of the third spring 345 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sliding block 344. A rotating plate 346 is rotatably connected between the rotating column 332 and the sliding block 344. Rotating pins are provided at both ends of the rotating plate 346. One rotating pin is located on the surface of the rotating column 332, and the other rotating pin is located on the surface of the sliding block 344. A second rotating roller 347 is rotatably connected inside the sliding seat 343 away from the limiting rod 341. The surface of the second rotating roller 347 extends to the outside of the sliding seat 343 and abuts against the inner wall of the long groove 338.

[0080] In use, by adjusting the longitudinal position of the support mechanism 31 on the upright 1, the laser emitter of the leveling instrument and the laser receiving target 2 are horizontally calibrated. When the leveling range is within the detection range of the laser receiving target 2, the reading can be directly obtained through the laser receiving target 2. If the detection range is greater than the reading range of the laser receiving target 2, by adjusting the longitudinal position of the laser receiving target 2 and making the reading of the laser receiving target 2 zero, the corresponding position of the scale line on the surface of the scale rod 319 can be directly obtained by pointing the scale rod 321 to the scale line on the surface of the scale rod 319.

[0081] Specifically, if the laser receiving target 2 is lower than the target plane, i.e., the measurement point is a sunken surface, the laser receiving target 2 is slid upwards. The laser receiving target 2 slides upwards on the outer surface of the scale rod 319 via the connecting seat 311, protrusion 312, sliding column 313, and sliding sleeve 315. After the roller 322 disengages from the slot 323, it rolls and connects to the outer surface of the scale rod 319, moving the laser receiving target 2 within the laser scanning range. When the reading of the laser receiving target 2 is zero, i.e., when the laser scan is at the center of the receiving surface of the laser receiving target 2, the indicator 321 points to the scale line value on the scale rod 319, which represents the height difference between the detection surface and the target plane. Conversely, if the laser receiving target 2 is higher than the finding plane, that is, the measurement point is the upper convex surface, by sliding the laser receiving target 2 downward, the laser receiving target 2 slides down on the outer surface of the scale rod 319 through the connecting seat 311, the protrusion 312, the sliding column 313 and the sliding sleeve 315. After the roller 322 is disengaged from the slot 323, it rolls and connects to the outer surface of the scale rod 319, moving the laser receiving target 2 to the laser scanning range, and the reading of the laser receiving target 2 is zero, that is, when the laser scan is at the center position of the receiving surface of the laser receiving target 2, at this time the mark 321 points to the scale line value on the scale rod 319, which is the difference in height between the detection surface and the finding plane;

[0082] It solves the problem of limited transmission detection range, directly reads the height difference between the detection surface and the leveling surface, without the need for additional conversion calculations, the reading is intuitive, reduces reading errors caused by human calculation, and improves the accuracy of leveling detection on flat ground;

[0083] When the difference in elevation between the measurement points is large, exceeding half the length of the scale rod 319, that is, when the upper or lower scale length of the scale rod 319 is less than the difference in elevation between the measurement points, the upper and lower scale lines of the scale rod 319 can be used together.

[0084] Specifically, if the laser receiving target 2 is much lower or higher than the target plane, by sliding the laser receiving target 2 up or down, the laser receiving target 2 slides up or down on the outer surface of the scale rod 319 via the connecting seat 311, protrusion 312, sliding column 313, and sliding sleeve 315. When the sliding sleeve 315 slides to the top or bottom of the scale rod 319, it is limited by the baffle at the top or bottom of the scale rod 319. At this time, the sliding sleeve 315 cannot slide up or down. Then, by applying a lateral thrust to the laser receiving target 2, the laser receiving target 2 drives the scale rod 319 to slide to the left via the connecting seat 311 and roller 322. The scale rod 319 slides to the left relative to the connecting block 318. At the same time, when the scale rod 319 slides to the left, the sliding seat 343 is driven to slide to the left by the abutment of the rotating roller 347. The sliding seat 343 is driven to the left by the spring 318. 345 applies an elastic thrust to the sliding block 344. When the scale rod 319 slides to the left, after the first rotating roller 335 disengages from the positioning groove 331, the rotation of the first rotating column 332 is unimpeded. Through the elastic release of the third spring 345, the sliding block 344 drives the first rotating column 332 to rotate through the rotating plate 346. Then, through the connection of the connecting rod 334, the second rotating column 333 and the first rotating column 332 rotate simultaneously. Then, the laser receiving target 2 slides down or up. After the sliding distance is greater than the diameter of the laser receiving target 2, the thrust applied to the laser receiving target 2 can be stopped. At this time, the four first rotating rollers 335 are located inside the long groove 338 and can slide up and down. When the reading of the laser receiving target 2 is zero, the drop of the detection point relative to the finding plane is the scale reading of the second rotating roller 337 pointing to the scale rod 319 plus the length of half of the complete scale of the scale rod 319.

[0085] It expands the overall measurable height range, adapting to the measurement needs of large elevation difference foundation pits and roadbed measuring points in municipal engineering.

[0086] During the process of the rotating roller 335 falling into the long groove 338, the rolling connection changes to a sliding connection. By setting two sets of rotating rollers 335 in opposite directions, during the up and down sliding process, if one of the rotating rollers 335 slides to the position of the positioning groove 331, it can still ensure that the other three rotating rollers 335 can slide inside the long groove 338, ensuring that the scale rod 319 slides parallel to the connecting block 318, and ensuring the levelness of the laser receiving target 2 and the accuracy of the measurement.

[0087] Secondly, the scale rod 319 can slide relative to the upright rod 1. After the scale rod 319 slides down, it works with the telescopic structure of the upright rod 1 to shorten the overall structure, making it easier to store and reducing the space occupied.

[0088] After the measurement is completed, the connecting seat 311 is slid to its initial position. The elasticity of spring 314 causes roller 322 to re-engage in slot 323. The longitudinal position of the sliding scale rod 319 is then adjusted until it reaches its initial position, meaning all four rollers 335 are positioned on the arc-shaped edges of the four positioning slots 331. The elasticity of spring 342 causes the sliding seat 343 to reset, and roller 347 abuts against the scale rod 319, moving the scale rod 319 away from its initial position. The sliding block 318 slides away from the sliding seat 343, which drives the first rotating column 332 to rotate through the sliding block 344 and the rotating plate 346. The first rotating column 332 drives the second rotating column 333 to rotate through the connecting rod 334. At this time, the first rotating roller 335 slides on the inclined surface of the positioning groove 331 until the first rotating roller 335 slides completely inside the positioning groove 331 and abuts against the inner wall of the positioning groove 331 near the connecting block 318. At this time, the position of the scale rod 319 is fixed and cannot slide longitudinally.

[0089] When the measurement is completed and reset, spring 1 314 drives roller 322 to re-engage in slot 323 to lock the longitudinal position of laser receiving target 2. Spring 2 342 pushes sliding seat 343 to reset. The linkage rotating plate 346, rotating column 1 332, and connecting rod 334 drive rotating roller 1 335 to re-engage in positioning slot 331, automatically locking scale rod 319 to ensure the stability and accuracy of subsequent testing.

[0090] When measuring a slope, the laser receiving target 2 is slid longitudinally directly, and the scale rod 319 is slid down the specified distance. Therefore, in the leveling and testing of ground in large-scale municipal engineering projects, it is not necessary to adjust the position of the laser emitter of the leveling instrument when leveling both planes and slopes. This saves the time that operators spend moving back and forth over long distances and adjusting the angle of the laser emitter of the leveling instrument, thus improving the efficiency of project acceptance.

[0091] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction, characterized in that, include: Arrange equally spaced grid-like measurement points on flat ground and sloping ground; The laser transmitter and laser receiver of the leveling instrument are leveled and their reference is zeroed. Place the receiving terminal at each slope landmark in sequence, slide the laser receiving device at the distance corresponding to the preset slope, read the measurement values, and judge the deviation between the actual slope angle and the preset slope angle based on the comparison between the reading and the zero value, thus completing the slope positioning measurement.

2. The positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Set up measurement points on flat ground and slopes, ensuring that the spacing between the lateral position points is uniform on both flat ground and slopes, and that the points marked on slopes fall on the slope of the slope. The first marker on the slope is set at the bottom of the slope.

3. The positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 2, characterized in that: When leveling and zeroing the laser transmitter and receiver of the leveling instrument, place the laser transmitter on the ground and use the built-in leveling bubble to make the rotating laser parallel to the horizontal plane. Use the leveling bubble on the laser receiver to ensure that the receiver rod is perpendicular to the ground. Adjust the position of the laser receiver on the receiver rod vertically so that the laser falls in the middle of the receiver panel and completes the zeroing, thus completing the leveling of the laser receiver.

4. The positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 3, characterized in that: When detecting slope points, the laser receiving terminal of the leveling instrument is vertically placed at the first marked point at the bottom of the slope. The initial position of the laser receiving device is kept unchanged, and the value is read to obtain the leveling difference at the bottom of the slope. When detecting the second fixed point on the slope, the laser receiving device on the laser receiving terminal of the leveling instrument is slid down the pole a preset distance. Let the tilt angle of the leveling instrument be α (0° < α ≤ 5°), then the relationship between the horizontal distance L (meters) and the change in vertical height H (millimeters) satisfies: H = L × tan(α) × 1000H When α = 0.75°, the vertical height change corresponding to each meter of horizontal distance is 13.1 millimeters; Taking a 1% slope and a 1-meter spacing between markers as an example, the corresponding distance the laser receiving device slides down is 13.1 millimeters. Then, keep the laser receiving terminal pole of the leveling instrument perpendicular to the ground and obtain the measurement value through the laser receiving device. If the reading is zero, the slope angle is equal to the preset angle.

5. The positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 4, characterized in that: When the measured value is greater than zero, the actual slope angle of the measured point is greater than the preset angle. When the measured value is less than zero, the actual slope angle of the measured point is less than the preset angle. The remaining points on the slope are measured in sequence. After each point on the slope is measured, the laser receiving device on the laser receiving terminal continues to slide down the aforementioned preset distance and reads the measured value of the laser receiving device. Each point uses the same value comparison and judgment logic as the second point, and the positioning measurement of the entire slope is completed point by point.

6. A positioning and measuring device for municipal engineering construction, characterized in that: The receiving terminal in the positioning and measurement method for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 5 includes a pole (1) and a laser receiving target (2) disposed outside the pole (1); and, The extension assembly (3) disposed between the upright (1) and the laser receiving target (2) includes a support mechanism (31) disposed between the upright (1) and the laser receiving target (2), a positioning mechanism (33) disposed on the support mechanism (31), and a drive mechanism (34) disposed between the positioning mechanism (33) and the support mechanism (31); wherein, The support mechanism (31) includes a sliding sleeve (315) disposed between the upright (1) and the laser receiving target (2) and a scale rod (319) inserted into the sliding sleeve (315); and, The positioning mechanism (33) includes a rotating roller (335) disposed inside the scale bar (319) and a positioning groove (331) formed inside the scale bar (319); and, The drive mechanism (34) includes a sliding seat (343) disposed inside the scale bar (319) and a sliding block (344) disposed inside the sliding seat (343).

7. The positioning and measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The support mechanism (31) also includes a connecting seat (311). The connecting seat (311) is provided on the outside of the housing of the laser receiving target (2). The outer wall of the connecting seat (311) is provided with a protrusion (312). A sliding column (313) is inserted into the inside of the protrusion (312). A spring (314) is sleeved on the outside of the sliding column (313). A groove (316) is opened in the inside of the sliding sleeve (315). A clamp (317) is sleeved on the outside of the upright (1). A connecting block (318) is provided on the outer wall of the clamp (317).

8. The positioning and measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The positioning mechanism (33) further includes a first rotating column (332), the first rotating column (332) is provided inside the connecting block (318), the second rotating column (333) is provided inside the connecting block (318), a connecting rod (334) is provided between the first rotating column (332) and the second rotating column (333), the outer wall of the clamp (317) is provided with a second marking block (337), and the inside of the scale rod (319) is provided with a long groove (338).

9. The positioning and measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The extension component (3) also includes a guide mechanism (32), the guide mechanism (32) includes a standard block (321), the outer wall of the connecting seat (311) is provided with the standard block (321), the interior of the connecting seat (311) is provided with a roller (322), and the outer wall of the scale rod (319) is provided with a slot (323).

10. The positioning and measurement method and device for municipal engineering construction as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The extension component (3) also includes a drive mechanism (34), which includes a limiting rod (341). The connecting block (318) is provided with a limiting rod (341). The limiting rod (341) is sleeved with a second spring (342). The sliding seat (343) is provided with a third spring (345). A rotating plate (346) is provided between the rotating column (332) and the sliding block (344). The end of the sliding seat (343) is provided with a second rotating roller (347).

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