Intelligent micro-farm crop whole growth period environment parameter monitoring system
By establishing a root zone oxygen supply status benchmark in a smart micro-farm and collecting and evaluating root zone environmental parameters, precise monitoring and regulation of oxygen supply status throughout the entire crop growth period were achieved, solving the problem of insufficient root zone oxygen supply and improving the identification and treatment of hypoxia risks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611204099.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing root zone oxygen supply monitoring methods in smart micro-farms are insufficient to fully reflect the oxygen supply status of crops throughout their entire growth period. Especially during rapid growth periods or periods of dense root systems, the problems of insufficient local oxygen supply and slower reoxygenation rates lead to inaccurate assessments of hypoxia risk.
The oxygen supply status benchmark of the root zone is established by adopting the fertility benchmark modeling module. Environmental parameters are collected by the root zone spatiotemporal sensing module. Continuous evaluation is carried out through the oxygen debt evolution assessment module and the disturbance reoxygenation diagnosis module. Finally, the risk classification and regulation module performs targeted regulation.
It improves the matching between root zone oxygen supply monitoring results and crop growth needs, accurately identifies hypoxia conditions and carries out targeted regulation, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and pertinence of root zone hypoxia risk management.
Smart Images
Figure CN123045442A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart agricultural environmental monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system throughout the entire growth period. Background Technology
[0002] Smart micro-farms, as a miniaturized and intensive application of facility agriculture, typically manage crops throughout their entire life cycle—from planting, growth, flowering, fruiting to harvest—using hydroponics, aeroponics, substrate cultivation, or multi-layered vertical cultivation methods within a limited space. To ensure a stable crop growth environment, existing smart micro-farms are often equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors, nutrient solution conductivity sensors, pH sensors, liquid level sensors, and dissolved oxygen sensors to monitor the planting environment and nutrient solution status, and adjust supplemental lighting, ventilation, circulation pumps, aeration devices, or nutrient solution supply equipment based on the monitoring results.
[0003] In actual cultivation, the oxygen supply status in the root zone is not determined solely by the dissolved oxygen value at a single moment. It is influenced by the crop's growth stage, root density, nutrient solution temperature, nutrient solution circulation flow rate, planting channel length, root accumulation at the channel end, and the recirculation process. Particularly within the target planting channel, significant spatial differences exist between the channel entrance, channel end, and recirculation end, and the responses of nutrient solution flow and oxygen replenishment at different spatial locations are not entirely synchronized. When crops enter a rapid growth phase or a period of dense root development, localized oxygen deficiency, slower reoxygenation rates, or sluggish recirculation responses are more likely to occur at the channel end. Relying solely on a single-point dissolved oxygen threshold is insufficient to fully reflect the accumulation and recovery processes of low oxygen load in the root zone.
[0004] Existing monitoring methods can provide basic environmental data for smart micro-farms, which has a positive effect on crop cultivation and management. However, in the scenario of monitoring root zone oxygen supply throughout the entire crop growth period, it is still necessary to further analyze the crop planting status, multi-spatial parameters of the target planting channel, duration of hypoxia, reoxygenation release process, and differences in flow response after disturbance in a unified manner, in order to identify whether the risk of root zone hypoxia is caused by short-term fluctuations, continuous accumulation of oxygen debt, reoxygenation lag, or root cushion blockage. Based on this, this application proposes a smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system for the entire crop growth period. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system throughout the entire growth period.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0007] A smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system for the entire growth period includes:
[0008] The reproductive baseline modeling module is used to establish a baseline for the root zone oxygen supply status of the target crop in the target planting channel based on the crop planting status set of the target crop in the smart micro-farm.
[0009] The root zone spatiotemporal sensing module is used to collect root zone environmental parameters at different spatial locations of the target planting channel, form a root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence based on the root zone environmental parameters, and determine the backflow response time.
[0010] The oxygen debt evolution assessment module is used to obtain the root zone oxygen debt index and oxygen debt evolution feature set based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. The root zone oxygen debt index is determined based on the cumulative state, memory retention state and reoxygenation release state of the root zone hypoxia load. The oxygen debt evolution feature set is formed by the changes in the root zone oxygen debt index within a continuous sliding time window.
[0011] The disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic module is used to obtain the disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic results of the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence; the disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic results include the recovery hysteresis index and the root cushion inhibition index;
[0012] The risk classification and control module is used to obtain the root zone hypoxia risk control results of the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set, and disturbance reoxygenation diagnosis results. The root zone hypoxia risk control results include the root zone hypoxia risk level, control priority, target control action, and control level.
[0013] In one embodiment, the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark includes oxygen supply target rules, oxygen debt update rules, disturbance response rules, and risk control rules; the oxygen supply target rules include the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the conditions for determining the effective oxygen supply lower limit; the oxygen debt update rules include the hypoxia accumulation conditions and the reoxygenation release conditions; the disturbance response rules include the disturbance triggering state, standard disturbance action, disturbance period, and unobstructed reference response.
[0014] In one embodiment, the unobstructed reference response is the nutrient solution flow rate response, reflux response, and reoxygenation response at different spatial locations corresponding to the standard disturbance action when the target planting channel has not formed a root cushion obstruction state characterized by the root cushion obstruction index.
[0015] In one embodiment, the different spatial locations include at least the planting channel entrance, the planting channel end, and the return end; the root zone environmental parameters include the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone, the measured value of nutrient solution water temperature, the measured value of nutrient solution flow rate, and the return response signal; the return response signal is the response signal generated when the nutrient solution flow changes and reaches the return end, and the return response time is determined based on the return response signal.
[0016] In one embodiment, the oxygen debt evolution assessment module determines the normalized oxygen deficit corresponding to the end of the target planting channel based on the spatiotemporal parameter sequence of the root region; within the sliding time window, the root region oxygen debt index is updated according to the oxygen debt update rules based on the normalized oxygen deficit and its duration; when the normalized oxygen deficit meets the hypoxia accumulation condition, the root region oxygen debt index is cumulatively updated based on the normalized oxygen deficit and its duration.
[0017] In one embodiment, the normalized oxygen deficit is determined by the ratio of the difference between the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel to the effective oxygen supply lower limit, and is zero when the ratio is less than zero.
[0018] In one embodiment, when the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel reaches or exceeds the effective oxygen supply lower limit and meets the reoxygenation release conditions, the root zone oxygen debt index is updated by releasing based on the magnitude and duration of the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone exceeding the effective oxygen supply lower limit.
[0019] The effective oxygen supply lower limit is determined based on the oxygen supply target rules, the crop planting status set, and the measured value of the nutrient solution water temperature at the end of the target planting channel.
[0020] In one embodiment, the oxygen debt evolution feature set includes the oxygen debt change trend, the duration of the oxygen debt peak, and the oxygen debt residual ratio; the oxygen debt change trend is determined based on the direction and rate of change of the root region oxygen debt index within the continuous sliding time window; the duration of the oxygen debt peak is the duration for which the root region oxygen debt index remains unchanged after reaching the peak within the continuous sliding time window; and the oxygen debt residual ratio is the ratio between the root region oxygen debt index after the target control action is performed and the root region oxygen debt index before the target control action is performed.
[0021] In one embodiment, the generation of the perturbation reoxygenation diagnostic result includes: generating and executing a standard perturbation action when the root zone oxygen debt index or oxygen debt evolution feature set reaches the perturbation trigger state specified by the root zone oxygen supply state benchmark; generating a reoxygenation response profile based on the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence before, during and after the execution of the standard perturbation action, and obtaining a recovery hysteresis index based on the reoxygenation response profile; and obtaining a root cushion resistance index based on the differences in nutrient solution flow response, backflow response time, recovery hysteresis index and root zone oxygen supply state benchmark caused by the standard perturbation action.
[0022] In one embodiment, the reoxygenation response profile includes a response initiation state, a reoxygenation recovery state, a target maintenance state, and a disturbance termination and decline state. The response initiation state is determined based on the moment when the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel begins to rise after the standard disturbance action begins. The reoxygenation recovery state is determined based on the process of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel recovering towards the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The target maintenance state is determined based on the duration for which the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel reaches the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The disturbance termination and decline state is determined based on the process of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel decreasing after the standard disturbance action ends.
[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0024] This invention establishes a root zone oxygen supply status benchmark for the target crop in the target planting channel based on the crop planting status set of the target crop in the smart micro-farm through the growth benchmark modeling module. This enables the root zone oxygen supply judgment to correspond to the planting status of the target crop throughout its entire growth period, avoiding the evaluation of the root zone oxygen supply status based solely on fixed empirical thresholds. This improves the matching between the root zone environmental parameter monitoring results and the actual growth needs of the crop.
[0025] The root zone spatiotemporal sensing module collects root zone environmental parameters at different spatial locations in the target planting channel and forms a root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence and backflow response time. Then, the oxygen debt evolution assessment module combines the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark to obtain the root zone oxygen debt index and oxygen debt evolution feature set, so that the root zone hypoxia state can be continuously assessed according to the hypoxia load accumulation, memory retention and reoxygenation release process, which improves the identification accuracy of hypoxia persistence, hypoxia aggravation and insufficient reoxygenation in the target planting channel.
[0026] The perturbation reoxygenation diagnostic module obtains the recovery lag index and root cushion blockage index. The risk grading and control module integrates the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set, and perturbation reoxygenation diagnostic results to obtain the root zone hypoxia risk level, control priority, target control action, and control level. This enables root zone hypoxia risk control to not only be graded according to the degree of risk, but also to determine the control sequence and control action by combining the reoxygenation lag and root cushion blockage, thereby improving the pertinence and effectiveness of root zone hypoxia risk management in the target planting channel. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system for the entire growth period of crops according to the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the oxygen debt evolution assessment module provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of the disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0030] Reference Figure 1 A smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system for the entire growth period, comprising:
[0031] The fertility baseline modeling module is used to establish a root zone oxygen supply status benchmark for target crops within the target planting corridor, based on a set of crop planting statuses within the smart micro-farm. This benchmark addresses the root zone oxygen supply needs of target crops throughout their entire growth period within the target planting corridor, establishing a benchmark based on the crop planting status set. It integrates oxygen supply targets, hypoxia assessment conditions, disturbance triggering conditions, and risk control criteria for different growth states of the target crop into a unified benchmark system, avoiding reliance solely on fixed dissolved oxygen values to assess the root zone environment. The root zone oxygen supply status benchmark serves as a common reference for calculating the root zone oxygen debt index, diagnosing disturbance reoxygenation, and controlling root zone hypoxia risks, ensuring consistent monitoring and assessment across different growth stages.
[0032] Based on the crop planting status set of the target crop within the smart micro-farm, a root zone oxygen supply status benchmark for the target crop in the target planting channel is established. Taking hydroponic lettuce as an example, the crop planting status set includes the seedling establishment period, the rapid leaf expansion period, and the pre-harvest steady-state period. The channel length, number of cultivation holes, nutrient solution circulation cycle, nutrient solution temperature range, and historical measured values of dissolved oxygen in the root zone are recorded simultaneously. The root zone oxygen supply status benchmark includes oxygen supply target rules, oxygen debt update rules, disturbance response rules, and risk control rules. Among these, the oxygen supply target rules include the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the conditions for determining the effective oxygen supply lower limit.
[0033] When the target crop is in the rapid leaf expansion stage and the nutrient solution temperature is in the range of 24 to 28 degrees Celsius, the effective oxygen supply lower limit is set to a value higher than that during the transplanting and seedling establishment period. For example, it is 6.2 mg / L during the transplanting and seedling establishment period, 6.8 mg / L during the rapid leaf expansion period, and 6.5 mg / L during the pre-harvest steady-state period.
[0034] The effective oxygen supply lower limit is determined by the following formula:
[0035]
[0036] in, For the first Each sampling time, This represents the lower limit of effective oxygen supply at the time of sampling, in units of... , The minimum allowable oxygen supply for the target crop. The lower limit of the maximum allowable oxygen supply for the target crop. For the reproductive stage The corresponding lower limit of basic oxygen supply, The parameters are provided by the target crop parameter library or a manually configured table; if not provided, the preset value of the lower limit of basic oxygen supply for the corresponding growth stage is used. The determination is based on the seedling establishment period, the rapid leaf expansion period, the flowering and fruiting period, or the steady-state period before harvest. The measured nutrient solution temperature at the end of the target planting channel is given in units of... , For reference water temperature, This is a water temperature correction factor. The root system density level, For channel load levels, This is the root density correction factor. This is the channel load correction factor.
[0037] Among hydroponically grown leafy vegetables, Pick to , Pick to , Pick to , Pick to , Pick to , Pick to Root density level The root development level is determined based on manually entered root density levels, root image coverage, or the number of days since planting, and is limited to a range of 0 to 1; a value close to 0 is used when there is no significant root coverage, and a value close to 1 is used when the root system fully covers the target planting channel. Channel load level The number of planting holes is determined based on the ratio of the actual number of planting holes to the allowed number of planting holes in the channel, and is limited to 0 to 1.
[0038] The oxygen debt update rules include hypoxia accumulation conditions and reoxygenation release conditions. The hypoxia accumulation conditions are determined based on the extent and duration of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel being lower than the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The reoxygenation release conditions are determined based on the duration of the dissolved oxygen value in the root zone after it reaches or exceeds the effective oxygen supply lower limit.
[0039] Disturbance response rules are written into the root zone oxygen supply status baseline. The disturbance response rules include disturbance triggering state, standard disturbance action, disturbance period, and unobstructed reference response. The standard disturbance action is defined as an increase in the circulation flow rate in the target planting channel from 1.2 liters per minute to 1.8 liters per minute and the oxygenation device being kept on for three minutes. The disturbance triggering state is defined as a continuous increase in the root zone oxygen debt index or a measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel being lower than the effective oxygen supply lower limit for more than five minutes. The disturbance period is defined as two minutes before the start of the standard disturbance action, three minutes during the execution, and five minutes after the end of the standard disturbance action.
[0040] Standard disturbance actions are performed within preset safe operating boundaries. The nutrient solution circulation flow rate during the disturbance is increased compared to the pre-disturbance circulation flow rate. to The aeration intensity is increased based on the aeration intensity before the disturbance. to The duration of a single standard disturbance action to The interval between two consecutive standard disturbance actions is not less than .
[0041] The baseline statistical duration before the start of the standard disturbance action is denoted as , Pick to The unobstructed reference response is calibrated after the target planting channel has been cleaned or in the early stages of planting, with the root coverage threshold set to... to If the root coverage is below the set threshold, or if manual inspection confirms that no root accumulation has occurred, the reference response calibration will be applied. This will be applied to the same target planting channel. to The median of all measurement results is taken as the unhindered reference response for each standard disturbance action.
[0042] Unhindered reference response includes inlet flow response time Terminal flow response time Increase in inbound traffic The increase in terminal flow rate Response time Reoxygenation start-up response time Response time to meet standards Reoxygenation recovery slope Duration of time to meet the target All response times are timed starting from the moment the standard disturbance action begins.
[0043] When the target planting channel does not form a root cushion blockage state characterized by the root cushion blockage index, the nutrient solution flow rate response, recirculation response, and reoxygenation response at different spatial locations corresponding to the standard disturbance action are collected. For example, the nutrient solution flow rate increases at the planting channel inlet within 10 seconds, increases at the planting channel end within 30 to 40 seconds, and a recirculation response occurs at the recirculation end within 45 to 60 seconds. The measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel recovers from 5.9 mg / L to above 6.8 mg / L within 240 seconds. The above nutrient solution flow rate response, recirculation response, and reoxygenation response together constitute the unblocked reference response and are stored in association with the risk control rules.
[0044] The root zone spatiotemporal sensing module is used to collect root zone environmental parameters at different spatial locations within the target planting channel. Based on these parameters, a root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence is generated, and the recirculation response time is determined. This module collects and organizes data on changes in the root zone environment within the target planting channel in both spatial location and time. It focuses on differences in oxygen supply, flow, and response between different spatial locations, such as the planting channel inlet, end, and recirculation end, and organizes the root zone environmental parameters into a root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. This sequence records not only changes in measured values of dissolved oxygen, nutrient solution temperature, and nutrient solution flow rate, but also retains the time characteristics of nutrient solution flow changes reaching the recirculation end. Determining the recirculation response time provides a temporal basis for judging the nutrient solution circulation status and reoxygenation response process within the target planting channel.
[0045] Collection points were arranged along the spatial extension direction of the target planting channel. Each spatial location included at least the planting channel entrance, the planting channel end, and the return flow end. Root zone environmental parameters were collected at each location. Taking a hydroponic strawberry planting channel in a three-tiered vertical cultivation rack as an example, measured values of nutrient solution flow rate and nutrient solution temperature were collected at the planting channel entrance; measured values of dissolved oxygen in the root zone, nutrient solution temperature, and nutrient solution flow rate were collected at the planting channel end; and measured values of nutrient solution flow rate and return flow response signal were collected at the return flow end.
[0046] Each sampling point records a timestamp according to the same sampling period, for example, once every fifteen seconds, and the data from the planting channel entrance, planting channel end, and return end under the same timestamp are grouped into the same data group. The measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone reflects the oxygen supply level near the roots in the target planting channel, the measured value of nutrient solution water temperature reflects the temperature conditions at which the dissolved oxygen changes, the measured value of nutrient solution flow rate reflects the transport status of nutrient solution in the target planting channel, and the return response signal records the level fluctuation, flow rate change, or return pulse change that occurs when the nutrient solution flow changes reach the return end;
[0047] The environmental parameters of the root region are organized according to the sampling time sequence to form a spatiotemporal parameter sequence of the root region, and the return response time is determined according to the return response signal. Taking the circulation pump speed increasing from 1200 rpm to 1600 rpm as an example, the measured value of the nutrient solution flow rate at the inlet of the planting channel increases at the tenth second, the measured value of the nutrient solution flow rate at the end of the planting channel changes accordingly at the thirty-fifth second, and the return response signal appears at the fifty-second second. The return response time is recorded as the fifty-second second.
[0048] When both a liquid level rise signal and a flow pulse signal are present at the reflux end, the starting moment when both signals meet the preset change range and continue for more than one sampling period is taken as the reflux response moment.
[0049] When the increase in nutrient solution flow rate at the inlet of the planting channel relative to the baseline average flow rate before the start of the standard disturbance reaches the set flow response threshold and remains there for at least two consecutive sampling periods, the time from the start of the standard disturbance to the first fulfillment of this condition is recorded as the inlet flow response time. When the nutrient solution flow rate at the end of the planting channel meets the same conditions, the corresponding response time is recorded as the end flow rate response time. The flow response threshold is set to... to .
[0050] Increase in inbound traffic The maximum increase in the measured inlet nutrient solution flow rate during the disturbance observation period relative to the average inlet flow rate before the disturbance is represented by the increase in the terminal flow rate. This represents the maximum increase in the measured end-nutrient solution flow rate during the disturbance observation period relative to the average end-nutrient solution flow rate before the disturbance.
[0051] When only one type of response signal is collected at the return end, if the increase of this response signal relative to the baseline average value before the disturbance reaches the set return response threshold and is maintained continuously for no less than two sampling periods, the time from the start of the standard disturbance action to the first time this condition is met is recorded as the return response time. When both the liquid level rise signal and the flow pulse signal are simultaneously collected at the reflux end, a reflux response is defined only if both signals reach the set reflux response threshold and remain continuously for at least two sampling cycles. The reflux response threshold is set as follows: to .
[0052] Perturbation observation time to If no inlet or outlet flow response is detected within the disturbance observation period, the corresponding flow response time is the disturbance observation period, and the corresponding flow increase is 0; if no return flow response is detected, the return flow response time is... Take the duration of the disturbance observation.
[0053] The spatiotemporal parameter sequence of the root zone retains the sequential relationship of responses between different spatial locations, the trajectory of changes in the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone within the same spatial location, and the impact of the measured nutrient solution temperature on the reoxygenation process, providing a continuous data basis for judging the flow and transfer of nutrient solution in the target planting channel, differences in oxygen supply in the root zone, and hysteresis in the return flow.
[0054] Reference Figure 2 The oxygen debt evolution assessment module is used to obtain the root zone oxygen debt index and oxygen debt evolution feature set based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. The root zone oxygen debt index is determined based on the cumulative state, memory retention state, and reoxygenation release state of the root zone hypoxia load. The oxygen debt evolution feature set is formed by the changes in the root zone oxygen debt index within a continuous sliding time window. It evaluates the process of root zone hypoxia load accumulation, retention, and release over time, obtaining the root zone oxygen debt index and oxygen debt evolution feature set. Instead of using the measured dissolved oxygen value at a single sampling moment as the sole criterion, it incorporates the duration of hypoxia, the degree of oxygen deficit, memory retention state, and reoxygenation release state into the same evaluation process. The root zone oxygen debt index reflects the level of hypoxia load already borne by the root zone at the end of the target planting channel; the oxygen debt evolution feature set reflects the direction of change of this hypoxia load, the peak maintenance status, and the residual status after regulation within a continuous sliding time window.
[0055] Based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence, the normalized oxygen deficit corresponding to the end of the target planting channel is calculated, and the root zone oxygen debt index is updated within a sliding time window. Taking leafy vegetables as an example, when the target crop is in the rapid leaf expansion stage, the crop planting status set records leaf age, number of days since transplanting, canopy expansion degree, and root density. When the measured nutrient solution water temperature at the end of the target planting channel is 26 degrees Celsius, the effective oxygen supply lower limit is determined to be 6.8 mg / L according to the oxygen supply target rule.
[0056] When the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel at the same sampling time is 5.9 mg / L, the normalized oxygen deficit is determined by the ratio of the difference between the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel to the effective oxygen supply lower limit, resulting in 0.132. When the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone is higher than the effective oxygen supply lower limit, this ratio is less than zero, and the normalized oxygen deficit is zero.
[0057] The normalized oxygen deficit and reoxygenation surplus corresponding to the end of the target planting channel are determined by the following formula:
[0058]
[0059]
[0060] in, For the first Normalized oxygen deficit at each sampling time For the first The reoxygenation level exceeded the limit at each sampling time. The measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel is given in units of... , This represents the lower limit of effective oxygen supply at the time of sampling, in units of... .
[0061] The hypoxia deficit threshold is to Set within the range. When Reaching the set hypoxia deficit threshold and maintaining it continuously. to When this occurs, it is determined to be a state of accumulated hypoxia. Reoxygenation exceeding the threshold is considered... to Set within the range. When The reoxygenation threshold is exceeded and maintained continuously. to When the conditions are met, it is determined to be a reoxygenation release state. If the conditions for hypoxia accumulation or reoxygenation release are not met, it is determined to be a memory retention state.
[0062] The root zone oxygen debt index is updated recursively using the following formula:
[0063]
[0064] in, For the first The root region oxygen debt index at each sampling time point The root region oxygen debt index at the previous sampling time. Take 0 when planting begins or when the target planting channel is cleared. This means that if the calculation result is less than 0, it is taken as 0; if it is greater than 1, it is taken as 1; otherwise, the original calculation result is taken. For the first The status marker at each sampling time, This indicates a state of accumulated hypoxia. Indicates the state of memory retention. Indicates the state of reoxygenation release. This represents the memory retention coefficient for the corresponding state. This represents the cumulative hypoxia coefficient for the corresponding state. This represents the reoxygenation release coefficient for the corresponding state. The sampling interval is... This represents the length of the sliding time window.
[0065] Under conditions of accumulated hypoxia, Pick to , Pick to , Set to 0; in memory retention state, Pick to , Take 0, Take 0; under reoxygenation release state, Pick to , Take 0, Pick to Length of sliding time window Pick to .
[0066] When using a 10-minute sliding time window and a 30-second sampling interval, if the normalized oxygen deficit is greater than zero for multiple consecutive sampling points and meets the conditions for hypoxia accumulation, the normalized oxygen deficit and its duration will be included in the accumulation state of hypoxia load in the root zone according to the oxygen debt update rule; if the normalized oxygen deficit stops increasing but the oxygen debt index in the root zone does not decrease, this stage will be classified as a memory retention state.
[0067] When the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel reaches or exceeds the effective oxygen supply lower limit and meets the reoxygenation release conditions, the root zone oxygen debt index is updated based on the extent and duration of the measured dissolved oxygen value exceeding the effective oxygen supply lower limit. For example, if the root zone oxygen debt index was 0.62 before the target control action, increasing the nutrient solution circulation flow rate and aeration intensity caused the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel to rise from 5.9 mg / L to 7.1 mg / L within four minutes, and remain above 6.8 mg / L for six consecutive minutes, meeting the reoxygenation release conditions. The root zone oxygen debt index then drops to 0.24 under the reoxygenation release state.
[0068] The trend of oxygen debt change is determined by the following formula:
[0069]
[0070] in, For the first The trend of oxygen debt at each sampling time. The number of sampling points spanned for trend calculation is taken as follows: to , The sampling interval is denoted as . This indicates that the root zone oxygen debt index is in an upward trend. This indicates that the root zone oxygen debt index is in a downward trend.
[0071] The duration of the oxygen debt peak is denoted as Within the current sliding time window, the highest value of the root region oxygen debt index is taken as the peak oxygen debt. The duration for which the root region oxygen debt index remains consistently above this peak value minus the peak value maintenance tolerance is calculated backwards from the current sampling time. The peak value maintenance tolerance is... to .
[0072] The residual oxygen debt ratio is determined by the following formula:
[0073]
[0074] in, The percentage of residual oxygen debt. The most recent stable sampling time before the target control action begins. The sampling time is the time after the target control action ends and a preset observation period has elapsed. The preset observation period is taken as... to , To prevent dimensionless minima with a denominator of zero, take to .
[0075] The changes in the root region oxygen debt index are recorded within a continuous sliding time window. The trend of oxygen debt change is determined by the direction and rate of change of the root region oxygen debt index within adjacent time windows. When the root region oxygen debt index reaches 0.65 and does not decrease for three consecutive minutes, these three minutes are recorded as the oxygen debt peak duration. The residual oxygen debt ratio is determined by the ratio between the root region oxygen debt index after the target control action and the root region oxygen debt index before the target control action. In this example, it is the ratio of 0.24 to 0.62, resulting in 0.387. The oxygen debt change trend, the oxygen debt peak duration, and the residual oxygen debt ratio together constitute the oxygen debt evolution feature set.
[0076] Reference Figure 3 The perturbation-reoxygenation diagnostic module is used to obtain perturbation-reoxygenation diagnostic results for the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. The perturbation-reoxygenation diagnostic results include a recovery hysteresis index and a root cushion resistance index. The diagnosis focuses on the response process of the target planting channel under standard perturbation actions, combining the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence to obtain the perturbation-reoxygenation diagnostic results. By observing the correspondence between the nutrient solution flow response, backflow response, and reoxygenation response through standard perturbation actions, the module identifies whether there is a hysteresis in reoxygenation recovery and determines the impact of root cushion resistance on channel nutrient supply and root zone reoxygenation. The recovery hysteresis index reflects the degree of lag in dissolved oxygen recovery in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel relative to the standard perturbation action; the root cushion resistance index reflects the strength of the impact of root cushion resistance on nutrient solution flow and reoxygenation recovery.
[0077] When the root zone oxygen debt index or oxygen debt evolution feature set reaches the disturbance trigger state specified by the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark, a standard disturbance action is generated and executed, and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence before, during, and after the standard disturbance action is collected. Taking the target planting channel of hydroponic tomatoes as an example, when the root zone oxygen debt index corresponding to the end of the target planting channel continues to rise for two consecutive sliding time windows, and the peak oxygen debt is maintained for more than three minutes, it is determined that the disturbance trigger state has been reached. The standard disturbance action is set to increase the nutrient solution circulation flow rate from 1.5 liters per minute to 2.3 liters per minute, and at the same time increase the aeration intensity by 30%. The disturbance period includes two minutes before the action starts, four minutes during the action execution, and six minutes after the action ends.
[0078] During the disturbance period, the measured values of nutrient solution flow rate at the inlet, end, and return end of the planting channel, the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel, and the return response time are continuously recorded. The moment when the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel begins to rise after the standard disturbance action is started is recorded as the response start state. The process of the measured value of dissolved oxygen in the root zone recovering to the effective oxygen supply lower limit is recorded as the reoxygenation recovery state.
[0079] The timing is initiated at the start of the standard perturbation action. When the rate of increase of dissolved oxygen in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel reaches the set reoxygenation initiation rate threshold in two consecutive sampling periods, the time between the start of the first sampling period and the start of the standard perturbation action is recorded as the reoxygenation initiation response time. The reoxygenation initiation slope threshold is set to... to .
[0080] When the dissolved oxygen in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel reaches the effective oxygen supply lower limit and is maintained continuously... to The time when the effective oxygen supply lower limit is first reached relative to the start time of the standard disturbance action is recorded as the standard recovery response time. The duration during which dissolved oxygen in the root zone remains at or above the effective oxygen supply lower limit from the time of recovery is recorded as the duration of compliance. .
[0081] The reoxygenation recovery slope is determined by the following formula:
[0082]
[0083] in, This represents the reoxygenation recovery slope corresponding to this disturbance. The measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel corresponds to the reoxygenation start-up response time. To achieve the target recovery response time corresponding to the measured dissolved oxygen value at the end of the planting channel root zone, To prevent extremely small time values with a denominator of zero, take If no reoxygenation initiation response is detected within the set disturbance observation period, Take the duration of the disturbance observation. Set to 0; if no response is detected that reaches the target, Take the duration of the disturbance observation. Take 0.
[0084] The recovery hysteresis index is determined by the following formula:
[0085]
[0086] in, To restore the lag index, The reoxygenation initiation response time in the unhindered reference response. The compliant recovery response time in the unhindered reference response. The reoxygenation recovery slope in the unhindered reference response. The duration of compliance in the unhindered reference response. To prevent the minimum slope of the denominator from being zero, take to , To be the normalized constant for the reoxygenation start-up hysteresis, take... to , To achieve the target recovery hysteresis normalization constant, take to . The weights are all greater than or equal to 0, and .
[0087] The recovery hysteresis index is obtained based on the reoxygenation response profile corresponding to the standard perturbation action. The root cushion blockage index is then obtained by combining the differences in nutrient solution flow response between different spatial locations, the time of return flow response, the recovery hysteresis index, and the root zone oxygenation status benchmark. For example, after the standard perturbation action begins, the flow rate increases at the inlet of the planting channel at 12 seconds, at the end of the planting channel at 58 seconds, and the return flow response occurs at the return flow end at 90 seconds. In the unblocked reference response, the return flow response should occur within 60 seconds.
[0088] The difference in nutrient solution flow rate response between different spatial locations is determined by the following formula:
[0089]
[0090] in, Due to differences in spatial flow response, This refers to the response time of the inbound traffic during this disturbance. This refers to the terminal flow response time during this disturbance. The inlet flow response time is the reference time in the unobstructed reference response. The end flow response time in the unhindered reference response. This represents the increase in inbound traffic during this disturbance. This represents the increase in terminal flow during this disturbance. The increase in inlet flow rate in the unobstructed reference response. The increase in terminal flow rate in the unhindered reference response. To prevent extremely small flows with a denominator of zero, take to , Let be the normalization constant for the flow response time difference, and take . to , Let be the normalization constant for the flow amplitude ratio, and take . to .
[0091] The reflux hysteresis is determined by the following formula:
[0092]
[0093] in, This is the reflux hysteresis. This refers to the return flow response time during this disturbance. The return response time in the unhindered reference response. Let be the normalized constant for reflux hysteresis, and take . to .
[0094] The deviation from the baseline oxygen supply is determined by the following formula:
[0095]
[0096] in, As the baseline oxygen supply deviation, Before the standard disturbance action begins The average value of the lower limit of effective oxygen supply over a given time period. Before the standard disturbance action begins The average value of dissolved oxygen measured in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel within the time period. To prevent the dissolved oxygen from being so small that the denominator is zero, take... to .
[0097] The root cushion resistance index is determined by the following formula:
[0098]
[0099] in, The root cushion resistance index, To restore the lag index, The weights are all greater than or equal to 0, and .
[0100] Meanwhile, the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel only reached the effective oxygen supply lower limit after 280 seconds, and only remained there for 120 seconds before rapidly decreasing after the disturbance ended. In this case, the reoxygenation response profile includes a delayed response initiation state, a low slope of the reoxygenation recovery state, insufficient duration of maintaining the target state, and a significantly accelerated decline after the disturbance ends, with a higher recovery hysteresis index. If the difference in nutrient solution flow response between the planting channel inlet and the planting channel end continues to widen during the same disturbance period, and the return flow response time is significantly delayed compared to the unobstructed reference response, the root cushion obstruction index increases synchronously, and the disturbance reoxygenation diagnosis result is recorded as a high recovery hysteresis index accompanied by a high root cushion obstruction index.
[0101] The risk grading and control module is used to obtain the root zone hypoxia risk control results for the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set, and perturbation reoxygenation diagnosis results. The root zone hypoxia risk control results include the root zone hypoxia risk level, control priority, target control action, and control level. It aggregates the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set, and perturbation reoxygenation diagnosis results to form the root zone hypoxia risk control results for the target planting channel. This module emphasizes the correspondence between monitoring results and control decisions, incorporating the root zone hypoxia risk level, control priority, target control action, and control level into the same control result. The root zone hypoxia risk level reflects the current hypoxia risk degree of the target planting channel; the control priority reflects the treatment order among different risk objects or different risk factors; the target control action corresponds to the intervention content selected by the system for the root zone hypoxia state; and the control level reflects the intensity level of the intervention content.
[0102] Based on the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set, and perturbation reoxygenation diagnosis results, the root zone hypoxia risk regulation results of the target planting channel were obtained. Specifically, the root zone oxygen debt index is divided into low-load, medium-load, and high-load ranges, and a joint judgment is made based on the oxygen debt change trend, the duration of the oxygen debt peak, the residual oxygen debt ratio, the recovery lag index, and the root cushion blockage index. When the root zone oxygen debt index is in the low-load range, the oxygen debt change trend is decreasing, and the residual oxygen debt ratio is lower than the preset residual threshold, the root zone hypoxia risk level is determined to be Level 1, and the target control action is set to maintain the current nutrient solution circulation flow rate and aeration intensity, with the control level determined to be routine maintenance. When the root zone oxygen debt index is in the medium-load range, or the duration of the oxygen debt peak exceeds the preset duration, the root zone hypoxia risk level is determined to be Level 2, and the target control actions include increasing the nutrient solution circulation flow rate, extending the aeration period, or shortening the nutrient solution circulation interval, with the control level determined to be enhanced control. When the root zone oxygen debt index is in the high-load range, and the recovery lag index or the root cushion blockage index exceeds the corresponding diagnostic threshold, the root zone hypoxia risk level is determined to be Level 3, and the control priority is ranked according to the degree to which each indicator deviates from the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark.
[0103] Taking the target planting channel for hydroponic lettuce as an example, the root zone oxygen debt index was 0.72, and the oxygen debt trend showed an upward trend for three consecutive sliding time windows. The peak oxygen debt duration was five minutes, the residual oxygen debt ratio was 0.68, and the recovery lag index and root cushion inhibition index were 0.76 and 0.81, respectively. Based on this, the root zone hypoxia risk level was determined to be Level 3, root cushion inhibition treatment was listed as the first control priority, increasing the nutrient solution circulation flow rate was listed as the second control priority, and increasing the aeration intensity was listed as the third control priority. The target control actions were determined to be cleaning the root accumulation area at the end of the target planting channel, increasing the nutrient solution circulation flow rate from 1.4 liters per minute to 2.1 liters per minute, and increasing the duty cycle of the aeration device by 25%. The control level was determined to be strong intervention control. At the same time, the root zone oxygen debt index and disturbance reoxygenation diagnosis results before and after the control actions were recorded as the complete content of this root zone hypoxia risk control results.
[0104] The smart micro-farm core of this invention adopts a standardized, detachable, and freely assembleable modular unit structure design, enabling intensive, intelligent, and efficient crop planting operations within a limited physical space. This effectively addresses the technical shortcomings of traditional planting equipment, such as low space utilization, poor scenario adaptability, extensive management modes, and insufficient versatility. This invention uses modular independent planting units as the core hardware carrier, and is complemented by an integrated hardware and software collaborative control system and supporting service system, forming a complete intelligent planting solution integrating hardware equipment, intelligent control software, and planting technology services. It possesses strong scenario adaptability and general scalability.
[0105] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system for the entire growth period, characterized in that, include: The reproductive baseline modeling module is used to establish a baseline for the root zone oxygen supply status of the target crop in the target planting channel based on the crop planting status set of the target crop in the smart micro-farm. The root zone spatiotemporal sensing module is used to collect root zone environmental parameters at different spatial locations of the target planting channel, form a root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence based on the root zone environmental parameters, and determine the backflow response time. The oxygen debt evolution assessment module is used to obtain the root zone oxygen debt index and oxygen debt evolution feature set based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. The root zone oxygen debt index is determined based on the cumulative state, memory retention state and reoxygenation release state of the root zone hypoxia load. The oxygen debt evolution feature set is formed by the changes in the root zone oxygen debt index within a continuous sliding time window. The disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic module is used to obtain the disturbance reoxygenation diagnostic results of the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen supply status benchmark and the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence. The diagnostic results of disturbance reoxygenation include the recovery lag index and the root cushion blockage index; The risk classification and control module is used to obtain the root zone hypoxia risk control results of the target planting channel based on the root zone oxygen debt index, oxygen debt evolution characteristic set and disturbance reoxygenation diagnosis results. The results of root zone hypoxia risk regulation include root zone hypoxia risk level, regulation priority, target regulation action, and regulation level.
2. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root zone oxygen supply status benchmark includes oxygen supply target rules, oxygen debt update rules, disturbance response rules, and risk control rules; the oxygen supply target rules include the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the conditions for determining the effective oxygen supply lower limit; the oxygen debt update rules include the conditions for hypoxia accumulation and reoxygenation release. The disturbance response rules include the disturbance triggering state, standard disturbance action, disturbance period, and unhindered reference response.
3. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The unobstructed reference response is the nutrient solution flow rate response, backflow response, and reoxygenation response at different spatial locations corresponding to the standard disturbance action when the target planting channel has not formed a root cushion obstruction state characterized by the root cushion obstruction index.
4. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Different spatial locations include at least the planting channel entrance, the planting channel end, and the recirculation end; root zone environmental parameters include measured values of dissolved oxygen, nutrient solution temperature, nutrient solution flow rate, and recirculation response signal; recirculation... The response signal is the response signal generated when the nutrient solution flow changes and reaches the reflux end, and the reflux response time is determined based on the reflux response signal.
5. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oxygen debt evolution assessment module determines the normalized oxygen deficit corresponding to the end of the target planting channel based on the spatiotemporal parameter sequence of the root region. Within the sliding time window, the root region oxygen debt index is updated according to the oxygen debt update rules based on the normalized oxygen deficit and its duration. When the normalized oxygen deficit meets the conditions for hypoxia accumulation, the root region oxygen debt index is cumulatively updated based on the normalized oxygen deficit and its duration.
6. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The normalized oxygen deficit is determined by the ratio of the difference between the effective oxygen supply lower limit and the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel to the effective oxygen supply lower limit, and is taken as zero when the ratio is less than zero.
7. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone at the end of the target planting channel reaches or exceeds the effective oxygen supply lower limit and meets the reoxygenation release conditions, the root zone oxygen debt index is updated based on the extent and duration of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone exceeding the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The effective oxygen supply lower limit is determined based on the oxygen supply target rules, the crop planting status set, and the measured value of the nutrient solution water temperature at the end of the target planting channel.
8. The intelligent micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen debt evolution feature set includes the oxygen debt change trend, the duration of the oxygen debt peak, and the residual oxygen debt ratio. The oxygen debt change trend is determined based on the direction and rate of change of the root region oxygen debt index within the continuous sliding time window. The duration of the oxygen debt peak is the duration during which the root region oxygen debt index remains unchanged after reaching the peak within the continuous sliding time window. The residual oxygen debt ratio is the ratio between the root zone oxygen debt index after the implementation of the target control action and the root zone oxygen debt index before the implementation of the target control action.
9. A smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The generation method of the perturbation reoxygenation diagnosis results includes: generating and executing a standard perturbation action when the root zone oxygen debt index or oxygen debt evolution feature set reaches the perturbation trigger state specified by the root zone oxygen supply state benchmark; generating a reoxygenation response profile based on the root zone spatiotemporal parameter sequence before, during and after the execution of the standard perturbation action, and obtaining the recovery hysteresis index based on the reoxygenation response profile; and obtaining the root cushion resistance index based on the differences in nutrient solution flow response, backflow response time, recovery hysteresis index and root zone oxygen supply state benchmark caused by the standard perturbation action.
10. A smart micro-farm crop environmental parameter monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The reoxygenation response profile includes the response initiation state, reoxygenation recovery state, target maintenance state, and disturbance termination and decline state. The response initiation state is determined by the moment when the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel begins to rise after the standard disturbance action begins. The reoxygenation recovery state is determined by the process of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel recovering towards the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The target maintenance state is determined by the duration for which the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel reaches the effective oxygen supply lower limit. The disturbance termination and decline state is determined by the process of the measured dissolved oxygen value in the root zone corresponding to the end of the target planting channel decreasing after the standard disturbance action ends.