Pulsed laser measuring device, apparatus and measuring method

Abstract

This application provides a pulsed laser measurement device, equipment, and measurement method, relating to the field of pulsed laser technology. In the pulsed laser measurement device, a first analog acquisition channel and a second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to the main optical path and return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test; the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to a programmable logic module; a digital processing module configured on the programmable logic module is used to: select a target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel according to the target operating mode, determine the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel, perform digital convolution integration processing on it using a preset set of operational parameters of the target acquisition channel to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value, and generate the corresponding pulse measurement result based on the pulse feature value. This application can meet the needs of pulse measurement tasks under different operating modes, realizing flexible adjustment of the same device for different pulse measurement tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of pulsed laser technology, and more specifically, to a pulsed laser measuring device, equipment, and measuring method. Background Technology

[0002] Pulsed laser equipment requires real-time monitoring of pulse energy. Taking pulsed laser surgical equipment as an example, excessively high laser pulse energy may increase the risk of tissue damage or abnormal bubbles, while insufficient energy may lead to inadequate cutting or tissue separation. Therefore, it is necessary to extract a small number of pulses from the main laser path, process the signals to obtain the energy or equivalent characteristic value of the desired pulse, and trigger alarms or interlocks in case of abnormalities.

[0003] Existing solutions typically employ fixed analog integrator circuits for pulse energy measurement. However, the performance of analog integrator circuits is primarily determined by hardware, making these solutions generally suitable only for fixed measurement scenarios and difficult to flexibly adjust for different measurement tasks.

[0004] In practical applications, pulsed laser equipment typically operates in multiple modes. The pulse measurement requirements differ depending on the operating mode. Therefore, using only a fixed analog integrator circuit for pulse processing cannot meet the requirements of measurement tasks in different operating modes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a pulsed laser measurement device, equipment, and measurement method to meet the needs of pulse measurement tasks under different working modes and to achieve flexible adjustment of the same pulse measurement device for different pulse measurement tasks.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application are as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a pulsed laser measurement device, which includes at least: a first analog acquisition channel, a second analog acquisition channel, and a programmable logic module; The input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test. The first analog acquisition channel is used to perform pulse sampling on the main optical path to obtain a first channel of digital sampled data, and the second analog acquisition channel is used to perform pulse sampling on the return optical path to obtain a second channel of digital sampled data. The output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to the first channel input terminal and the second channel input terminal of the programmable logic module. The programmable logic module is equipped with a digital processing module, which is used to: select a target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel according to the input target operating mode selection signal, determine the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed, and perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampling data to be processed using the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value, and generate the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode according to the pulse feature value.

[0007] As one possible implementation, the first analog acquisition channel includes: a beam splitting module, a first photoelectric detection module, a first low-pass filter network, and a first analog-to-digital conversion module; the second analog acquisition channel includes: a coupling module, a second photoelectric detection module, a second low-pass filter network, and a second analog-to-digital conversion module. The optical path input terminal of the beam splitter and the optical path input terminal of the coupling module are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path; The optical output terminal of the beam splitter is connected to the first photodetector module, and the first photodetector module is also connected to the analog terminal of the first analog-to-digital converter module through the first low-pass filter network; the optical output terminal of the coupling module is connected to the second photodetector module, and the second photodetector module is also connected to the analog terminal of the second analog-to-digital converter module through the second low-pass filter network. The digital terminals of the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter are respectively the output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a pulsed laser device, the pulsed laser device comprising: a pulsed laser source, a pulse gating module, a main optical path, a return optical path, a control module, and any of the pulsed laser measuring devices described in the first aspect above; The pulsed laser source is connected to the main optical path through the pulse gating module, and is used to emit incident laser signals to the object to be treated. The trigger terminal of the pulse gating module is also connected to the control module, and the input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel in the pulse laser measurement device are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path.

[0009] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide a pulsed laser measurement method, applied to a digital processing module on a programmable logic module of any of the pulsed laser measurement devices described in the first aspect above, the method comprising: Based on the input target working mode selection signal, a target acquisition channel is selected from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel, and the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel is determined to be the digital sampling data to be processed. Using the preset operation parameter set of the target acquisition channel, the digital sampling data to be processed is subjected to digital convolution integration processing to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value; Based on the pulse characteristic values, the pulse measurement results for the target operating mode are generated.

[0010] As one possible implementation, the preset operation parameter group includes at least: preset trigger delay, preset background window, preset convolution window, and preset convolution kernel parameters; The process of using a preset set of operational parameters from the target acquisition channel to perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampled data to obtain the corresponding pulse feature values ​​includes: If a laser trigger signal is received, it is marked as a desired pulse, and the expected pulse position is determined based on the trigger time of the laser trigger signal and the preset trigger delay. Within the preset background window before the expected pulse position, a background sampling sequence is read from the digital sampling data to be processed, and the preset convolution kernel parameters are used to perform digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence to obtain the background integral amount of the expected pulse. Within the preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position, a pulse sampling sequence is read from the digital sampling data to be processed, and the pulse sampling sequence is subjected to digital convolution integration processing using the preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the pulse integral of the expected pulse; The pulse characteristic value is determined based on the difference between the pulse integral and the background integral.

[0011] As one possible implementation, the preset convolution kernel parameter indicates that the convolution kernel type is a rectangular convolution kernel, and the number of sampling points of the preset background window is half the number of sampling points of the preset convolution window; The step of performing digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence using the preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the background integral of the desired pulse includes: Using the preset convolution kernel parameters, the background sampling sequence is subjected to digital convolution integration to obtain the integral value of the preset background window; The equivalent background integral is calculated as the background integral of the desired pulse, based on twice the integral of the preset background window.

[0012] As one possible implementation, within the preset convolution window centered at the expected pulse position, reading a pulse sampling sequence from the digital sampling data to be processed, and performing digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequence to obtain the pulse integral of the desired pulse, includes: Within multiple convolutional windows centered at the expected pulse position, pulse sampling sequences of the multiple convolutional windows are read from the digital sampled data to be processed; The pulse sampling sequences of the multiple convolution windows are subjected to digital convolution integration processing to obtain the pulse integral values ​​of the multiple convolution windows; The maximum pulse integral value is determined from the pulse integral values ​​of the plurality of convolution windows as the pulse integral value of the desired pulse.

[0013] As one possible implementation, generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse characteristic value includes: If the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, then the pulse characteristic value is determined to be the energy count value, and it is determined whether the energy count value exceeds the preset pulse energy range; If the pulse energy exceeds the preset range, or if no valid pulse data is read at the expected pulse position, the expected pulse is determined to be an abnormal pulse. If the number of consecutive abnormal pulses exceeds a preset threshold, an abnormal alarm message will be output.

[0014] As one possible implementation, generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse characteristic value includes: If the target working mode is a confocal mode, then the pulse feature value is used as the confocal intensity of the current pixel, and the pulse number of the desired pulse is appended. The pulse number is mapped to a three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the current pixel, and the gray value of the three-dimensional coordinates is determined according to the confocal intensity. The confocal image is reconstructed based on the grayscale values ​​of the multiple three-dimensional coordinates.

[0015] As one possible implementation, the method further includes: Choose any one of the first and second analog acquisition channels as the acquisition channel to be calibrated, and determine the digital sampling data output by the acquisition channel to be calibrated as the digital sampling data to be calibrated. Based on multiple candidate parameter groups, digital convolution integration is performed on the digital sampling data to be calibrated to obtain the pulse operation result corresponding to each candidate parameter group; each candidate parameter group includes: candidate trigger delay, candidate background window, candidate convolution window, and candidate convolution kernel parameter; the pulse operation result includes at least: pulse integral, background integral, and pulse feature value. Based on the pulse integral, background integral, and reference energy of the preset calibration pulse in the pulse calculation results corresponding to each candidate parameter group, multiple candidate parameter groups are filtered to obtain filtered candidate parameter groups. Based on the pulse feature value and background integral value in the pulse operation result corresponding to each of the selected candidate parameter groups, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to each of the selected candidate parameter groups. The candidate parameter group with the highest signal-to-noise ratio is determined from the filtered candidate parameter groups and used as the preset operation parameter group for the acquisition channel to be calibrated.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are: The pulsed laser measurement device, equipment, and method provided in this application include a pulsed laser measurement device comprising a first analog acquisition channel, a second analog acquisition channel, and a programmable logic module. The input terminals of the first and second analog acquisition channels are respectively connected to the main optical path and return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test, for pulse sampling of the main optical path and return optical path, respectively, to obtain a first channel of digital sampling data and a second channel of digital sampling data, which are then output to the same programmable logic module. This allows the digital processing module configured on the programmable logic module to select a target acquisition channel from the first and second analog acquisition channels according to the input target operating mode selection signal, and to determine that the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel is the digital sampling data to be processed. The module then uses the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel to perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampling data to be processed to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value. Based on the pulse feature value, the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode is generated. Because the pulsed laser measurement device provided in this solution can perform pulse sampling on the main optical path and the return optical path through independent first and second analog acquisition channels, respectively, to obtain first and second channel digital sampling data, and can also send the first and second channel digital sampling data to the same programmable logic module, the programmable logic module can reuse the same digital processing module to select channels, determine the analog acquisition channel corresponding to the target working mode as the target acquisition channel, and the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed. When selecting channels, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel is also determined, realizing the selection of the corresponding operation parameter group under the same convolution operation logic. This allows the digital processing module to perform digital convolution processing on the digital sampling data to be processed, which better meets the needs of the pulse measurement task in the target working mode. If different working modes are required, it is only necessary to select the channel and the corresponding operation parameter group based on the selected working mode, so as to realize the flexible adjustment of the same pulse measurement device for different pulse measurement tasks. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulsed laser measurement device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of a pulsed laser measurement device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulsed laser device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A flowchart of a pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 A flowchart of digital convolution integral processing in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 A flowchart for calculating the background integral in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 A flowchart for calculating the pulse integral in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating a pulse energy measurement method under energy monitoring mode provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 A flowchart illustrating a pulse energy measurement method in confocal mode provided in this application embodiment; Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for calibrating parameters of each analog acquisition channel under maintenance and calibration mode, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely represents selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] This application provides a pulsed laser measurement device that can meet the measurement requirements of pulsed laser equipment in different operating modes, enabling pulsed laser measurement tasks in multiple operating modes. To better understand the implementation principle of the pulsed laser measurement device provided in this application, a detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pulsed laser measurement device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the pulsed laser measurement device 10 may include at least: a first analog acquisition channel 11, a second analog acquisition channel 12, and a programmable logic module 13.

[0021] The input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12 are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test. The main optical path can be the incident optical path of the pulsed laser device under test; for example, in a femtosecond pulsed laser surgical device, it can also be called the main treatment optical path; and in a laser detection device, it can also be called the main detection optical path. The laser signal on the main optical path is the incident laser signal emitted by the pulsed laser source and incident on the object to be treated. The laser signal on the return optical path is the reflected laser signal after the object to be treated reflects the incident laser signal. When the pulsed laser device under test is a femtosecond pulsed laser surgical device, the object to be treated can be the cornea or other ocular tissue; when the pulsed laser device under test is a pulsed laser industrial device, the object to be treated can be inorganic or organic materials, such as semiconductor wafers, precision metal parts, thin film coatings, etc.

[0022] The first analog acquisition channel 11 is used to perform pulse sampling on the main optical path to obtain the first channel of digital sampled data. Pulse sampling on the main optical path refers to pulse sampling of the incident laser signal in the main optical path. The second analog acquisition channel 12 is used to perform pulse sampling on the return optical path to obtain the second channel of digital sampled data. Pulse sampling on the return optical path refers to pulse sampling of the returned laser signal in the return optical path. The output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12 are respectively connected to the first and second channel input terminals of the programmable logic module 13, allowing both channels of digital sampled data to enter the same programmable logic module 13.

[0023] It should be noted that both the connection between the input terminal of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the main optical path, and the connection between the input terminal of the second analog acquisition channel 12 and the return optical path, are optical path connections, i.e., optical path connections through optical elements. However, the connection between the output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12 and the first and second channel input terminals of the programmable logic module 13 are electrical connections, i.e., connections through signal lines.

[0024] The programmable logic module 13 can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) module. The programmable logic module 13 is equipped with a digital processing module, which is used to: select a target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel according to the input target operating mode selection signal, determine the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed, perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampling data to be processed to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value, and generate the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse feature value.

[0025] The digital processing module includes at least a first processing unit with channel selection functionality, a second processing unit with convolution integration functionality, and a third processing unit with measurement output functionality. The first processing unit selects the target acquisition channel from the first and second analog acquisition channels based on the input target operating mode selection signal, thus implementing the channel selection function. The second processing unit can also perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampled data to be processed using a preset set of operational parameters for the target acquisition channel to obtain corresponding pulse feature values, thereby implementing the convolution integration function. The third processing unit can also generate pulse measurement results for the target operating mode based on the pulse feature values, thus implementing the measurement output function.

[0026] It should be noted that the programmable logic module 13 may be equipped with a parameter storage unit, which may store preset operation parameter sets for each analog acquisition channel, including at least the preset operation parameter sets for the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12. Specifically, the parameter storage unit may store the identifier of each analog acquisition channel and the corresponding preset operation parameter set. The identifier of the analog acquisition channel may be the channel number of the analog acquisition channel. In one possible implementation, the industrial control computer may write a preset parameter configuration file containing the preset operation parameter sets of each analog acquisition channel into the parameter storage unit via a configuration interface. In another possible implementation, in calibration mode, by calibrating the parameters of each analog acquisition channel, the operation parameter set of the corresponding analog acquisition channel is selected from multiple parameter sets and stored in the preset parameter configuration file, or the calibrated operation parameter sets of each analog acquisition channel are directly stored in the parameter storage unit. The parameter storage unit may be, for example, a parameter register or a coefficient memory. In the parameter storage unit, the preset operation parameter sets of each analog acquisition channel may exist in the form of a parameter configuration file.

[0027] Different analog acquisition channels have different preset calculation parameter sets. The preset calculation parameter set for each analog acquisition channel can be determined according to the requirements of the corresponding measurement task for each analog acquisition channel.

[0028] As one possible implementation, if the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, the digital processing module can determine the first analog acquisition channel as the target acquisition channel and determine the first channel of digital sampled data output by the first analog acquisition channel as the digital sampled data to be processed. The digital processing module can also determine the first set of operational parameters corresponding to the first analog acquisition channel, and use the first set of operational parameters to perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampled data to be processed to obtain the corresponding first pulse feature value. Based on the first pulse feature value, the energy count value is determined, and the pulse measurement result for the energy monitoring mode is generated. The pulse measurement result for the energy monitoring mode includes at least the energy count value.

[0029] As another possible implementation, if the target operating mode is confocal mode, the digital processing module can determine the second analog acquisition channel as the target acquisition channel and determine the second channel of digital sampling data output by the second analog acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed. The digital processing module can also determine the second set of operational parameters corresponding to the second analog acquisition channel, and use the second set of operational parameters to perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampling data to be processed to obtain the corresponding second pulse feature value. Based on the second pulse feature value, the confocal pixel value is determined, and the pulse measurement result of the confocal mode is generated. The pulse measurement result of the confocal mode includes at least the confocal pixel value.

[0030] Optionally, the programmable logic module 13 can also be connected to the control module of an industrial computer or the pulsed laser device under test to obtain the selection signal of the target working mode for selecting the analog acquisition channel and the calculation parameter group; it can also output the pulse measurement results of the target working mode to the control module of the industrial computer or the pulsed laser device under test.

[0031] The pulsed laser measurement device provided in this application embodiment may include: a first analog acquisition channel, a second analog acquisition channel, and a programmable logic module. The input terminals of the first and second analog acquisition channels are respectively connected to the main optical path and return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test, and are used to sample the pulses in the main optical path and return optical path respectively to obtain a first channel of digital sampling data and a second channel of digital sampling data, which are then output to the same programmable logic module. This allows the digital processing module configured on the programmable logic module to select the target acquisition channel from the first and second analog acquisition channels according to the input target operating mode selection signal, determine the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed, and use the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel to perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampling data to be processed to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value. Based on the pulse feature value, the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode is generated. Because the pulsed laser measurement device provided in this solution can perform pulse sampling on the main optical path and the return optical path through independent first and second analog acquisition channels, respectively, to obtain first and second channel digital sampling data, and can also send the first and second channel digital sampling data to the same programmable logic module, the first and second analog acquisition channels can reuse the same digital processing module on the programmable logic module. By selecting the channel, the analog acquisition channel corresponding to the target working mode can be determined as the target acquisition channel, and the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel can be determined as the digital sampling data to be processed. When selecting the channel, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel is also determined, realizing the selection of the corresponding operation parameter group under the same convolution operation logic. This allows the digital processing module to perform digital convolution processing on the digital sampling data to be processed, which better meets the needs of the pulse measurement task in the target working mode. If different working modes are required, it is only necessary to select the channel and the corresponding operation parameter group based on the selected working mode, so as to realize the flexible adjustment of the same pulse measurement device for different pulse measurement tasks.

[0032] Furthermore, if the operation parameter groups and digital processing modules of each analog acquisition channel need to be upgraded, they can be updated directly through firmware or software configuration without having to reset the analog integration circuit, making the upgrade more convenient.

[0033] Optionally, based on the pulsed laser measurement device provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides some further possible implementations of each analog acquisition channel, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 This is another structural schematic diagram of a pulsed laser measurement device provided in an embodiment of this application. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2As shown, the first analog acquisition channel 11 in the pulsed laser measurement device 10 may include: a beam splitting module 111, a first photoelectric detection module 112, a first low-pass filter network 113, and a first analog-to-digital conversion module 114. The second analog acquisition channel 12 includes: a coupling module 121, a second photoelectric detection module 122, a second low-pass filter network 123, and a second analog-to-digital conversion module 124.

[0034] The optical input terminals of the beam splitter module 111 and the coupling module 121 are connected to the main optical path and the return optical path, respectively. The beam splitter module 111 can serve as the laser sampling module for the first analog acquisition channel 11, performing beam splitting and attenuation processing on the incident laser signal on the main optical path to obtain the first sampled optical signal of the first analog acquisition channel 11, thus achieving sampling of the laser signal on the main optical path. For example, the beam splitter module 111 can be a beam splitter, a dichroic mirror, or a polarizing beam splitter prism. The coupling module 121 can serve as the laser sampling module for the second analog acquisition channel 12, performing coupling processing on the reflected laser signal on the return optical path to obtain the second sampled optical signal of the second analog acquisition channel 12, thus achieving sampling of the laser signal on the return optical path. For example, the coupling module 121 can be a fiber coupler, a microscope objective, or a multi-dimensional fiber optic adjustment frame, etc.

[0035] The optical output of the beam splitter module 111 is connected to the first photodetector module 112, which is also connected to the analog output of the first analog-to-digital converter module 114 via a first low-pass filter network 113. The first photodetector module 112 can be used to perform photoelectric conversion on the input first sampled optical signal to obtain a corresponding first electrical pulse signal. To avoid the ultra-narrow electrical response falling into only one sampling point or between adjacent sampling clocks, the first low-pass filter network 113 can be used to broaden the first electrical pulse signal, obtaining a broadened first electrical pulse signal, so that the pulse width of the broadened first electrical pulse signal can cover multiple sampling points of the first analog-to-digital converter module 114. For example, if the sampling rate of the first analog-to-digital converter module 114 is 105 MS / s and the sampling interval is 9.52 ns, the pulse width of the broadened first electrical pulse signal can be 100 ns, and the number of sampling points covered by the pulse width of the broadened first electrical pulse signal can be 10-11.

[0036] The optical output of coupling module 121 is connected to the second photodetector module 122, which is also connected to the analog output of the second analog-to-digital converter module 124 via a second low-pass filter network 123. The second photodetector module 122 can be used to perform photoelectric conversion on the input second sampled optical signal to obtain the corresponding second electrical pulse signal. To avoid the ultra-narrow electrical response falling into only one sampling point or between adjacent sampling clocks, the second low-pass filter network 123 can be used to broaden the second electrical pulse signal, resulting in a broadened second electrical pulse signal whose pulse width can cover multiple sampling points of the second analog-to-digital converter module 124. For example, if the sampling rate of the second analog-to-digital converter module 124 is 105 MS / s and the sampling interval is 9.52 ns, the pulse width of the broadened second electrical pulse signal can be 100 ns, and the number of sampling points covered by the pulse width of the broadened second electrical pulse signal can be 10-11.

[0037] Both the first photodetector module 112 and the second photodetector module 122 mentioned above can be photodetectors, such as indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors. Both the first low-pass filter network 113 and the second low-pass filter network 123 can include a trans-impedance amplifier (TIA), a low-pass filter circuit, and an RC network connected in sequence. Whether it's the first low-pass filter network 113 or the second low-pass filter network 123, both can limit the bandwidth of the input electrical pulse signal through the TIA, then filter it through the low-pass filter circuit, and finally shape it using the RC network to obtain a broadened electrical pulse signal.

[0038] Both the first analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module 114 and the second ADC module 124 can be 12-bit ADCs with a sampling rate of 105 MS / s. The first ADC module 114 can be used to perform analog-to-digital sampling on the broadened first electrical pulse signal output from the first low-pass filter network 113 to obtain a first channel of digital sampled data; the second ADC module 124 can be used to perform analog-to-digital sampling on the broadened second electrical pulse signal output from the second low-pass filter network 123 to obtain a second channel of digital sampled data.

[0039] The digital terminals of the first analog-to-digital converter module 114 and the second analog-to-digital converter module 124 are respectively the output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12, and are used to connect to the first channel input terminal and the second channel input terminal of the programmable logic module 13, so as to output the first channel digital sampling data and the second channel digital sampling data to the programmable logic module 13.

[0040] The pulsed laser measurement device provided in this application embodiment can limit the bandwidth and broaden the pulse signal output by the photoelectric detection module in the analog domain by setting a low-pass filter network between the photoelectric detection module and the analog-to-digital conversion module in each analog acquisition channel. This allows the pulse width of the broadened pulse signal to cover more sampling points of the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion module, thereby enabling the subsequent programmable logic module in the digital domain to accumulate energy from multiple sampling points, resulting in more stable pulse characteristic values ​​and improving the accuracy and stability of pulse measurement in various operating modes.

[0041] Based on the pulsed laser measuring device provided in any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a pulsed laser device with a pulsed laser measuring device. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a pulsed laser device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 As shown, the pulsed laser device may include: a pulsed laser source 31, a pulse gating module 32, a main optical path 33, a return optical path 34, a control module 35, and a pulsed laser measuring device.

[0042] The pulsed laser device can be a pulsed laser surgical device or a pulsed laser industrial device. Taking a femtosecond pulsed laser surgical device as an example, the pulsed laser source 31 can be a femtosecond laser source. The pulsed laser source 31 is connected to the main optical path 33 through a pulse gating module 32, which is used to emit incident laser signals to the object to be treated. The pulse gating module 32 can be an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) or other forms of optical switching devices; this embodiment does not impose any constraints or limitations on this. The laser pulse signal emitted by the pulsed laser source 31 can enter the main optical path 33 through the pulse gating module 32 and be incident on the object to be treated through the main optical path.

[0043] The trigger terminal of the pulse gating module 32 is also connected to the control module 35, so that the control module 35 can output a trigger signal to the pulse gating module 32. The trigger signal can also be called the AOM Trigger signal. The input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel 11 and the second analog acquisition channel 12 in the pulsed laser measurement device are respectively connected to the main optical path 33 and the return optical path 34.

[0044] Optionally, the control module 35 can also be connected to a programmable logic module to perform a light-stopping operation and / or a preset safety interlock operation when it receives an abnormal pulse identification result or abnormal alarm information output from the programmable logic module. Specifically, the control module 35 can, for example, issue corresponding operation commands to the pulsed laser source 31 and / or the pulse gating module 32 to perform the light-stopping operation and / or the preset safety interlock operation.

[0045] The pulsed laser device provided in this application embodiment can sample the main optical path and the return optical path through independent first and second analog acquisition channels in the pulsed laser measurement device, respectively, to obtain first and second channel digital sampling data. Furthermore, the first and second channel digital sampling data can be sent to the same programmable logic module, allowing the first and second analog acquisition channels to reuse the same digital processing module on the programmable logic module. By selecting channels and corresponding operation parameter groups under the same convolution operation logic, the digital convolution processing performed by the digital processing module on the digital sampling data to be processed can better meet the needs of the pulse measurement task in the target working mode. If different working modes are required, only the channel and the corresponding operation parameter group of the channel need to be selected based on the selected working mode, enabling flexible adjustment of the same pulse measurement device for different pulse measurement tasks.

[0046] Based on any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a pulsed laser measurement method to further illustrate the method executed by the digital processing module on the programmable logic module in the above-mentioned pulsed laser measurement device. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a pulsed laser measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the method may include: S401. Based on the input target working mode selection signal, select the target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel, and determine that the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel is the digital sampling data to be processed.

[0047] Specifically, based on the target operating mode, the analog acquisition channel corresponding to the target operating mode can be selected as the target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel. The digital sampled data output by the target acquisition channel is then determined as the digital sampled data to be processed, thus achieving channel selection based on the operating mode. If the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, the target acquisition channel is the first analog acquisition channel, and the digital sampled data to be processed is the first channel of digital sampled data output by the first analog acquisition channel. If the target operating mode is confocal mode, the target acquisition channel is the second analog acquisition channel, and the digital sampled data to be processed is the second channel of digital sampled data output by the second analog acquisition channel.

[0048] S402. Using the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel, perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampled data to be processed to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value.

[0049] Specifically, based on the target working mode, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel can be determined, realizing the selection of the parameter group of the corresponding channel. Then, based on the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel, the same preset convolution operation logic can be used to perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampled data to be processed, and obtain the corresponding pulse feature value.

[0050] S403. Based on the pulse characteristic value, generate the pulse measurement result of the target working mode.

[0051] Specifically, if the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, the energy count value can be determined based on the pulse characteristic value, and the pulse measurement result of energy monitoring mode can be generated. The pulse measurement result of energy monitoring mode includes at least the energy count value.

[0052] If the target operating mode is confocal mode, the confocal pixel value can be determined based on the pulse feature value, and the pulse measurement result of the confocal mode can be generated. The pulse measurement result of the confocal mode includes at least the confocal pixel value.

[0053] The pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment enables the digital processing module on the programmable logic module to select a channel according to the target working mode selection signal, thereby obtaining the target acquisition channel and the corresponding digital sampling data to be processed. It can also select the corresponding parameter group to obtain the preset operation parameter group corresponding to the target acquisition channel. Therefore, according to the preset operation parameter group, the same convolution operation logic can be used to perform digital convolution processing on the digital sampling data to be processed, which better meets the needs of the pulse measurement task in the target working mode.

[0054] Based on the pulsed laser measurement method provided in the above embodiments, this application also provides a possible implementation of the digital convolution processing logic executed by the digital processing module. In this embodiment, the preset operation parameter group of each analog acquisition channel includes at least: a preset trigger delay, a preset background window, a preset convolution window, and preset convolution kernel parameters. Correspondingly, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel also includes: a preset trigger delay, a preset background window, a preset convolution window, and preset convolution kernel parameters. The preset trigger delay D can be used to represent the time difference between the start of the laser pulse signal and the expected arrival of the photoelectric pulse at the analog-to-digital sampling module, which is the physical time obtained by parameter calibration of the acquisition channel.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the digital convolution integral processing in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 5 As shown, in the above embodiment, S402 uses a preset set of operation parameters of the target acquisition channel to perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampling data to be processed to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value, which may include: S501. If a laser trigger signal is received, it is marked as a desired pulse, and the expected pulse position is determined according to the trigger time of the laser trigger signal and the preset trigger delay.

[0056] The laser trigger signal can be, for example, a laser trigger signal sent from the control module to the pulse gating module in a pulsed laser device. When the control module sends the laser trigger signal to the pulse gating module, it also sends it to the programmable logic module (PLM). Thus, when the digital processing module configured on the PLM receives the laser trigger signal, it can mark it as an expected pulse. The preset trigger delay can be represented by D, which can be, for example, 1~2 μs. After marking the expected pulse, the digital processing module can further delay the trigger time of the laser trigger signal (e.g., the reception time) by the corresponding time according to the preset trigger delay D, determining the expected pulse arrival time as the expected pulse position. This ensures that the subsequent pulse acquisition window is aligned with the actual output response of the pulsed laser source.

[0057] S502. Within the preset background window before the expected pulse position, read the background sampling sequence from the digital sampling data to be processed, and perform digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the background integral amount of the expected pulse.

[0058] After determining the expected pulse position, several sampled data points can be read within a preset background window before the pulse arrives, i.e. before the expected pulse position, as the background sampling sequence of the preset background window. The background sampling sequence is then processed by digital convolution integration using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the background integral of the expected pulse.

[0059] S503. Within a preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position, read the pulse sampling sequence from the digital sampling data to be processed, and perform digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequence using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the pulse integral of the desired pulse.

[0060] After determining the expected pulse position, several sampled data can be read within a preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position as the pulse sampling sequence of the preset convolution window. The pulse sampling sequence is then subjected to digital convolution integration using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the pulse integral of the desired pulse.

[0061] Since the actual pulse arrival will not always fall precisely at the expected pulse position, a search needs to be performed within a preset search range centered on the expected pulse position. The aforementioned preset operation parameter set may also include: a preset search width, which determines the candidate offset, and the candidate starting position of the preset convolution window is determined based on the candidate offset q. Taking the time of the laser trigger signal corresponding to the i-th expected pulse as n_i as an example, the expected pulse position of the i-th expected pulse is n_i+d. Thus, the candidate starting position of the preset convolution window for the i-th expected pulse can be obtained by superimposing the expected pulse position with the candidate offset q, i.e., n_i+d+q. Here, d is the number of delay sampling points corresponding to the preset trigger delay D.

[0062] The preset convolution window can be the kernel length, which represents the number of sampling points within the convolution window. For example, it can be L sampling points, so the pulse sampling sequence can be L sampling points acquired after delaying the expected pulse position by a candidate offset q. The candidate offset q can be predetermined based on a preset search width W, which represents the number of candidate starting positions. If the preset search width W = 10, it can include 10 candidate offsets, which can be [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4], and their corresponding candidate starting positions can be represented as n_i+d-5, n_i+d-4…n_i+d+4, respectively. If the preset search width W = 1, the candidate offset includes only one candidate offset, which can be [0], and the candidate starting position is n_i+d+0.

[0063] For example, for the i-th desired pulse, the digital processing module configured on the programmable logic module can determine the reference sampling position n_i+d as the expected pulse position of the i-th desired pulse based on the trigger time of the laser trigger signal and the preset trigger delay D.

[0064] The preset kernel parameters indicate the kernel type. The pulse integral of the i-th desired pulse can be calculated, for example, using the following formula: C_i(q) = Σ(k=0…L-1) h[k] · x[n_i + d + q + k]; Where C_i(q) is the pulse integral of the i-th desired pulse, x[n] is the pulse sampling sequence, h[k] is the convolution kernel type, which can be used to represent the convolution kernel type in the current acquisition channel's corresponding working mode. L is the convolution kernel length, i.e., the number of sampling points within the preset convolution window. q is the candidate offset, which can represent the candidate starting position of the corresponding search range.

[0065] As a possible implementation example, the convolution kernel type may be, for example, a uniform weight kernel such as a rectangular convolution kernel, or a non-uniform weight kernel such as a Gaussian convolution kernel, a matched filter kernel, an exponential decay kernel, and a background difference kernel, etc.

[0066] The rectangular convolution kernel can take h[k]=1, which is suitable for spread pulses with stable pulse width and arrival time after band limiting, where the main target is to measure the total energy and the noise is approximately white noise; the Gaussian convolution kernel has a large center weight and the weights on both sides decrease gradually, which is suitable for signals with approximately symmetric bell-shaped pulses and where it is desired to reduce the noise weight at the window edge; the matched filter kernel is formed according to the average pulse waveform obtained in the calibration stage, which is suitable for confocal echoes with stable waveforms and weak amplitudes, and can take the time reversal of the measured average pulse response or its equivalent discrete weights, is suitable for weak signals with high waveform repeatability, and can obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio under additive white noise conditions; the exponential decay kernel can take h[k]=a^k (0<a<1) or discrete weights matching the measured tail, which is suitable for pulses with a single-sided tail generated by a TIA or RC network, the weights decay with the tail, which can reduce far-end noise while retaining effective tail energy. In addition, a background difference kernel with positive and negative weights can be set to simultaneously complete signal integration and baseline drift suppression. As for which convolution kernel type is used under each analog acquisition channel, it can be obtained by calibrating each analog acquisition channel in a parameter calibration mode. Certainly, under the parameter calibration mode, other parameters of each analog acquisition channel can also be calibrated, such as trigger delay and the like.

[0067] S504. Determine a pulse feature value according to the difference between the pulse integration amount and the background integration amount.

[0068] As a possible implementation manner, if the pulse sampling sequence is a sampling sequence within one convolution window, the pulse feature value can be directly obtained according to the difference between the pulse integration amount and the background integration amount corresponding to this convolution window.

[0069] As another possible implementation manner, if the pulse sampling sequence includes multiple sampling sequences within multiple convolution windows, the maximum pulse integration amount can be determined from the pulse integration amounts corresponding to the multiple convolution windows, and the difference between the maximum pulse integration amount and the background integration amount is taken as the pulse feature value. For example, the pulse feature value can be calculated according to S_i = max_q C_i(q) - B_i. Where B_i is the background integration amount of the i-th desired pulse, max_q C_i(q) represents the maximum pulse integration amount of the i-th desired pulse, and S_i represents the pulse feature value of the i-th desired pulse.

[0070] In the pulsed laser measurement method provided in this embodiment, after receiving a laser trigger signal, it is marked as a desired pulse. The expected pulse position is determined according to the trigger time of the laser trigger signal and a preset trigger delay. Based on the expected pulse position, the background sampling sequence of the preset background window and the pulse sampling sequence of the preset convolution window are read from the digital sampling data to be processed. Using the same preset convolution kernel parameters, digital convolution integration is performed on the background sampling sequence and the pulse sampling sequence to obtain the background integral and pulse integral of the desired pulse. Then, the pulse feature value can be calculated based on the difference between the pulse integral and the background integral, so that the pulse feature value does not contain the background integral, which improves the accuracy of the digital convolution operation of the pulse feature value, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of pulsed laser measurement.

[0071] Furthermore, this scheme achieves background subtraction by subtracting the background integral from the pulse integral, which reduces the impact of residual baseline, electronic offset, low-frequency drift, and weak signal noise, resulting in a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

[0072] To improve the accuracy of background integral calculation, based on the above embodiments, a special setting is made to the preset background window so that it contains as few signal features as possible, only background features. As a possible example, if the preset convolution kernel parameters indicate a rectangular convolution kernel type, the number of sampling points in the preset background window is half the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window. For example, if the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window (i.e., the convolution kernel length) is 10, then the number of sampling points in the preset background window can be 5. As another possible example, if the preset convolution kernel parameters indicate a non-uniform weight kernel type, the number of sampling points in the preset background window can be set equal to the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window.

[0073] The following, in conjunction with the accompanying figures, provides a possible implementation method for calculating the background integral when the convolution kernel type is rectangular. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of the background integral in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, in the above embodiment, S502 uses preset convolution kernel parameters to perform digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence to obtain the background integral amount of the desired pulse, which may include: S601. Using preset convolution kernel parameters, perform digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence of the preset background window to obtain the integral value of the preset background window.

[0074] S602. Calculate the equivalent background integral as the background integral of the desired pulse based on twice the integral of the preset background window.

[0075] For example, if the preset background window has 5 sampling points, a digital convolution integration can be performed on the 5 sampling points in the background sampling sequence using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the integral. However, since the number of sampling points in the preset background window is only half the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window (i.e., the number of sampling points in the background sampling sequence and the pulse sampling sequence are not equal), the integral obtained by simply performing digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence is insufficient to represent the background amount carried by the pulse sampling sequence. Therefore, it is necessary to double the integral of the preset background window to obtain an equivalent background integral as the background integral of the desired pulse.

[0076] In the pulsed laser measurement method provided in this embodiment, the relationship between the number of sampling points in the preset background window and the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window can be set so that the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window is twice the number of sampling points in the preset background window. This avoids the background sampling sequence from carrying signal features. Furthermore, by performing a double calculation on the integral of the preset background window, an equivalent background integral can be obtained as the background integral of the desired pulse. This also makes the background integral match as closely as possible to the background integral carried by the preset convolution window, thereby improving the accuracy of pulse feature value calculation.

[0077] To improve the accuracy of pulse integral calculation, based on the above embodiments, multiple pulse sampling sequences can be obtained by sampling through multiple convolution windows, and digital convolution integral processing can be performed on each pulse sampling sequence using preset convolution kernel parameters.

[0078] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the calculation of pulse integral in a pulsed laser measurement method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, in the above embodiment, S503 involves reading a pulse sampling sequence from the digital sampling data to be processed within a preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position, and performing digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequence using preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the pulse integral of the desired pulse, including: S701. Within multiple convolution windows centered on the expected pulse position, read the pulse sampling sequence of multiple convolution windows from the digital sampled data to be processed.

[0079] Multiple convolutional windows can be continuously sliding convolutional windows, each with an equal number of sampling points but different candidate start positions. Specifically, multiple candidate offsets can be determined based on a preset search width, and multiple candidate start positions can be determined based on the expected pulse position and the multiple candidate offsets. Pulse sampling sequences of one convolutional window starting from each candidate start position are then extracted from the digital sampled data to be processed, resulting in pulse sampling sequences for multiple convolutional windows. Taking a preset convolutional kernel length of 10 as an example, the pulse sampling sequences of multiple convolutional windows each include 10 sampling points starting from multiple candidate start positions.

[0080] For example, if the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital conversion module on the target acquisition channel is 105 MS / s and the preset trigger delay D=1μs, then the corresponding number of delayed sampling points d=105, the preset search width W=10, and the preset convolution kernel length L=10 can be used.

[0081] Upon receiving the i-th laser trigger signal, the trigger time of the laser trigger signal for the i-th desired pulse can be determined as n_i. Based on the trigger time n_i of the laser trigger signal and the number of delay sampling points d corresponding to the preset trigger delay D, the expected pulse position is determined as n_i+d, i.e., n_i+105.

[0082] If the preset search width W=10, then the 10 candidate offsets can be determined as: [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]. Thus, the 10 candidate starting positions can be obtained, which are n_i+100~n_i+109.

[0083] S702. Using preset convolution kernel parameters, perform digital convolution integration processing on the pulse sampling sequences of multiple convolution windows to obtain the pulse integral values ​​of multiple convolution windows.

[0084] If the kernel type in the preset convolution parameters is a rectangular kernel, then the rolling accumulation method of "subtracting the oldest sampling point and adding the newest sampling point" can be used to perform digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequence of multiple convolution windows to reduce the amount of computation.

[0085] The rolling accumulation method of rectangular convolution kernels can also be represented as a sliding integral operation, which can be implemented by R(q+1) = R(q) - x_old + x_new. Therefore, moving each sampling point only requires one subtraction and one addition. Here, R(q+1) can be the pulse convolution result corresponding to the (q+1)th convolution window, R(q) is the convolution result of the qth convolution window, x_old is the old sampling point, which is the missing sampling point in the pulse sampling sequence of the (q+1)th convolution window relative to the pulse sampling sequence of the qth convolution window, and x_new is the latest sampling point, which is the added sampling point in the pulse sampling sequence of the (q+1)th convolution window relative to the pulse sampling sequence of the qth convolution window. If multiple convolution windows are considered as multiple candidate starting positions determined based on multiple candidate offsets, then the (q+1)th convolution window is the convolution window corresponding to the (q+1)th candidate offset, and the qth convolution window is the convolution window corresponding to the qth candidate offset.

[0086] If the preset convolution kernel type is a non-uniform weight kernel, the multiply-accumulator can perform point-by-point accumulation calculation on the sampling points in the pulse sampling sequence of multiple convolution windows.

[0087] S703. Determine the maximum pulse integral value from the pulse integral values ​​of multiple convolution windows as the pulse integral value of the desired pulse.

[0088] When performing digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequences of multiple convolution windows, the maximum pulse integral value can be determined from the pulse integral values ​​of multiple convolution windows as the pulse integral value of the desired pulse. Furthermore, the position of the convolution window corresponding to the maximum pulse integral value can be determined as the actual pulse window position.

[0089] The method provided in this embodiment can read pulse sampling sequences of multiple convolution windows from the digital sampling data to be processed, and perform digital convolution integration on the pulse sampling sequences of each convolution window to obtain the pulse integral of the corresponding convolution window. Then, the maximum pulse integral is determined as the pulse integral of the desired pulse, thereby realizing the peak energy search of multiple convolution windows, improving the calculation accuracy of the pulse integral of the desired pulse, and thus improving the accuracy and precision of pulse measurement.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a possible implementation method for the target operating mode being energy monitoring mode. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a pulse energy measurement method under energy monitoring mode, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 As shown, in the above embodiment, S403, generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse characteristic value may include: S801. If the target working mode is energy monitoring mode, then determine the pulse characteristic value as the energy count value, and determine whether the energy count value exceeds the preset pulse energy range.

[0091] If the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, the pulse characteristic value can be determined as the digital count value, which is then used as the energy count value. Based on the energy count value, the pulse measurement result for energy monitoring mode is generated. Specifically, the energy count value can be compared with a preset pulse energy range to determine whether the energy count value exceeds the preset pulse energy range. The preset pulse energy range is the preset safe energy range, which can be the energy range formed by the preset upper and lower safe energy limits. Correspondingly, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel, i.e., the preset operation parameter group of the first analog acquisition channel, can also include at least: preset safe energy upper and lower limit parameters. Thus, the preset pulse energy range can be determined based on the preset safe energy upper and lower limit parameters, i.e., the safe energy upper and lower limits. The preset pulse energy range can, for example, be the safe energy range corresponding to the patient.

[0092] S802. If the pulse energy exceeds the preset range, or if no valid pulse data is read at the expected pulse position, the expected pulse is determined to be an abnormal pulse.

[0093] If the energy count value is higher than the upper limit of the preset pulse energy range or lower than the lower limit of the preset pulse energy range, the expected pulse can be determined to be an abnormal pulse, and the type is an abnormal waveform pulse; or, although a laser trigger signal is received, no valid digital sampling data is read within the preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position, it can be determined that no valid pulse data is read. In this way, the expected pulse can be determined to be an abnormal pulse, and the type is a leaked pulse, thus realizing leaked pulse detection.

[0094] S803. If the number of consecutive abnormal pulses exceeds the preset threshold, an abnormal alarm message will be output.

[0095] Optionally, the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel, i.e., the preset operation parameter group of the first analog acquisition channel, may also include: a preset number threshold N, for example, 10. If the number of consecutive abnormal pulses exceeds the preset number threshold N, an abnormal alarm message is output to the industrial control computer, and the industrial control computer will issue an alarm on the interface. In the case of outputting abnormal alarm message, the corresponding abnormal type, such as a leaky pulse type or an abnormal waveform pulse type, can also be output to the industrial control computer.

[0096] Optionally, the digital processing module configured in the programmable logic module can also output a light-stop signal or a safety interlock signal to the control module, so that the control module performs the corresponding light-stop operation or safety interlock operation to shut down the laser signal emission.

[0097] If a normal pulse occurs during this process, the continuous abnormal count value can be cleared to zero.

[0098] Optionally, after acquiring the digital sampling data of the target acquisition channel, i.e., the first channel of digital sampling data output by the first analog acquisition channel, it can also be determined whether there is an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) saturation problem in the first analog acquisition channel based on the digital sampling data to be processed. If there is an ADC saturation problem, or if abnormal light output data is read from the digital sampling data to be processed without receiving a laser trigger signal, or if there is an internal data overflow problem in the digital processing module, then without waiting for continuous abnormal counting, a safety interlock signal can be immediately sent to the control module, causing the control module to perform the corresponding safety interlock operation.

[0099] Alternatively, continue to refer to the above. Figure 8 If the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, the method also includes: S804. The pulse characteristic value is sent to the industrial control computer, so that the industrial control computer converts the pulse characteristic value into the single pulse energy value of the main optical path.

[0100] Upon receiving the pulse characteristic value, the industrial control computer can also obtain a preset calibration relationship from a preset configuration file and use this relationship to convert the pulse characteristic value into the single-pulse energy value of the main optical path. For femtosecond laser surgery equipment, the single-pulse energy value of the main optical path is the same as the single-pulse energy value at the patient end. The preset calibration relationship can be expressed as E=K(S-S0)+b, where K is the preset energy ratio between the first analog acquisition channel and the main optical path, S is the pulse characteristic value, S0 is the preset background or zero-point count, and b is the preset zero-point correction. During calibration, a power meter can be used to measure the power of the first analog acquisition channel to obtain the average power. This average power is then divided by the repetition frequency to obtain the single-pulse reference energy. Based on the single-pulse reference energy and the preset reference energy of the main optical path, a fitting calculation is performed to obtain the preset energy ratio K and the preset zero-point correction b.

[0101] The pulsed laser measurement method provided in this embodiment can determine the pulse characteristic value as the energy count value in energy monitoring mode and compare it with the preset pulse energy range. If the energy count value exceeds the preset pulse energy range, or if no valid pulse data is read at the expected pulse position, the expected pulse is determined to be an abnormal pulse. This method can detect abnormal waveform pulses and leaked pulses. If the number of consecutive abnormal pulses exceeds a preset threshold, an abnormal alarm message is output, thereby enabling the determination of light stop or interlock, effectively ensuring safe energy monitoring in energy monitoring mode.

[0102] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a possible implementation method for the target working mode being confocal mode. Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating a pulse energy measurement method in confocal mode, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 As shown, in the above embodiment, S403, generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse characteristic value may include: S901. If the target working mode is a confocal mode, then the pulse feature value is used as the confocal intensity of the current pixel, and the pulse number of the desired pulse is appended.

[0103] The digital processing module in the programmable logic module, upon acquiring the confocal intensity of the current pixel, appends the pulse sequence number of the desired pulse to the confocal intensity of the current pixel and sends it to the industrial control computer. Optionally, it can also append the timestamp of the desired pulse and send it to the industrial control computer. The confocal mode can also be referred to as the focal plane positioning mode or the confocal weak signal imaging mode.

[0104] S902. Map the pulse sequence number to a three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the current pixel, and determine the gray value of the three-dimensional coordinates based on the confocal intensity.

[0105] If the digital processing module in the programmable logic module sends the confocal intensity of the current pixel and the pulse number of the corresponding expected pulse to the industrial control computer, the industrial control computer can use a preset scanning protocol to map the pulse number to a preset three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the current pixel.

[0106] When scanning the surface of the object to be processed, each laser pulse corresponds to one pixel on the surface. The preset scanning protocol can be pre-set: the pulse number of the laser pulse, the correspondence between the laser pulse and the pixel position (xy) on the surface, and the correspondence between the corresponding depth position (z).

[0107] S903. Reconstruct the confocal image based on the grayscale values ​​of multiple three-dimensional coordinates.

[0108] Specifically, a 3D image can be reconstructed based on the grayscale values ​​of multiple 3D coordinates to obtain a confocal image. Different 3D coordinates can correspond to different scanning positions on the surface of the object to be treated.

[0109] Optionally, when locating the focal plane of the object to be treated, the output end of the main optical path can be automatically driven to scan along the depth axis, i.e., the z-axis, so that the focal point of the incident laser signal passes through the surface of the object to be treated. After the incident laser signal is reflected by the surface of the object to be treated, a reflected laser signal is obtained. The reflected laser signal on the return optical path is then pulse-sampled through the second analog acquisition channel to obtain the digital sampling data corresponding to the current depth position, i.e., the current z-position, on the surface. This data is then sent to the programmable logic module, so that the digital processing module configured on the programmable logic module can perform digital convolution operation on the digital sampling data corresponding to the current z-position according to the preset operation parameter group corresponding to the second analog acquisition channel, and obtain the pulse feature value, which is the confocal intensity of the current pixel at the current z-position.

[0110] Once the confocal intensities at multiple z-positions are obtained, the z-position corresponding to the maximum value of the confocal response curve can be determined as the focal plane peak position of the current pixel by comparing the confocal intensities or regional statistical intensities at different z-positions. The maximum value of the confocal response curve can be the maximum confocal intensity obtained by statistically analyzing the confocal intensities at different z-positions.

[0111] Optionally, quadratic curve fitting can be performed on multiple points near the focal plane peak to obtain the substep focal plane position.

[0112] The pulsed laser measurement method provided in this application embodiment can obtain the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the current pixel by using the pulse feature value as the confocal intensity of the current pixel and attaching the pulse number of the desired pulse in confocal mode, mapping the pulse number to a three-dimensional coordinate system, and determining the gray value of the three-dimensional coordinates based on the confocal intensity. Then, the confocal image can be reconstructed based on the gray values ​​of multiple three-dimensional coordinates, thereby achieving accurate construction of the confocal image.

[0113] Based on the pulsed laser measurement method provided in any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a possible implementation method for calibrating parameters of each analog acquisition channel in maintenance calibration mode. Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for calibrating parameters of each analog acquisition channel in a maintenance calibration mode, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 As shown, the method may also include: S1001. Select any one of the first and second analog acquisition channels as the acquisition channel to be calibrated, and determine the digital sampling data output by the acquisition channel to be calibrated as the digital sampling data to be calibrated.

[0114] In maintenance and calibration mode, any analog acquisition channel can be selected as the acquisition channel to be calibrated, based on the selection signal of maintenance and calibration mode.

[0115] S1002. Based on multiple candidate parameter groups, perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampling data to be calibrated to obtain the pulse operation results corresponding to each candidate parameter group.

[0116] Each candidate parameter group includes: candidate trigger delay, candidate background window, candidate convolution window, and candidate convolution kernel parameters. The pulse operation result includes at least: pulse integral, background integral, and pulse feature value.

[0117] Multiple candidate parameter groups can be set via an industrial control computer. The digital sampling data to be calibrated can be the digital sampling data acquired and output by the acquisition channel to be calibrated in maintenance calibration mode, by controlling the pulsed laser source to emit a preset calibration pulse. The preset calibration pulse can be a laser pulse with signal energy as the reference energy.

[0118] Specifically, based on each candidate parameter group, digital convolution integration processing can be performed on the digital sampling data to be calibrated to obtain the corresponding pulse operation result. It should be noted that the specific implementation process of performing digital convolution integration processing on each digital sampling data to be calibrated using each candidate parameter group can be found in the implementation process of S501~S504 in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0119] S1003. Based on the pulse integral, background integral, and reference energy of the preset calibration pulse in the pulse calculation results corresponding to each candidate parameter group, multiple candidate parameter groups are screened to obtain the screened candidate parameter groups.

[0120] Specifically, based on the pulse integral quantity corresponding to each candidate parameter group, it can be determined whether there is a first candidate parameter group whose pulse integral quantity exceeds a preset effective value range; based on the background integral quantity corresponding to each candidate parameter group, it can be determined whether there is a second candidate parameter group whose background integral quantity exceeds a preset background value range; based on the pulse integral quantity corresponding to each candidate parameter group, it can be determined whether there is a third candidate parameter group whose linear error between the pulse integral quantity and the reference energy exceeds a preset error threshold.

[0121] If any of the first, second, and third candidate parameter groups exist, these candidate parameter groups are eliminated from the multiple candidate parameter groups to obtain the filtered candidate parameter groups.

[0122] Optionally, the candidate parameter group corresponding to the sampled value reaching the preset analog-to-digital conversion saturation region can be excluded from multiple candidate parameter groups.

[0123] S1004. Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to each candidate parameter group after screening based on the pulse characteristic value and background integral value in the pulse operation results corresponding to each candidate parameter group after screening.

[0124] Specifically, the background noise standard deviation can be calculated based on the background integral value corresponding to each selected candidate parameter group, and then the pulse characteristic value corresponding to each selected candidate parameter group can be divided by the background noise standard deviation to obtain the corresponding signal-to-noise ratio.

[0125] S1005. Determine the candidate parameter group with the highest signal-to-noise ratio from the selected candidate parameter groups as the preset operation parameter group for the acquisition channel to be calibrated.

[0126] If the pulsed laser is replaced or the circuit board of the programmable logic device is replaced, the calibration process of S1001-S1005 above needs to be repeated to obtain the preset operation parameter set of each acquisition channel to be calibrated, so that the preset operation parameter set of each acquisition channel to be calibrated is more accurate.

[0127] Once the preset operation parameter sets for each analog acquisition channel are obtained, they can be written into the parameter configuration file.

[0128] The method provided in this application embodiment can also obtain a preset operation parameter set for each analog acquisition channel by calibrating the parameter set of each analog acquisition channel, so that the preset operation parameter set of each analog acquisition channel matches the actual channel state of the corresponding analog acquisition channel, thereby improving the pulse measurement accuracy of the corresponding working mode of each analog acquisition channel.

[0129] Optionally, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is executed by a processor to perform the above-described pulsed laser measurement method embodiments.

[0130] Optionally, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the pulsed laser measurement method described in any embodiment.

[0131] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0132] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0133] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software functional units.

[0134] The integrated units implemented as software functional units described above can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. These software functional units, stored in a storage medium, include several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute some steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0135] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pulsed laser measuring device, characterized in that, The pulsed laser measurement device includes at least: a first analog acquisition channel, a second analog acquisition channel, and a programmable logic module; The input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path of the pulsed laser device under test. The first analog acquisition channel is used to perform pulse sampling on the main optical path to obtain a first channel of digital sampled data, and the second analog acquisition channel is used to perform pulse sampling on the return optical path to obtain a second channel of digital sampled data. The output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel are respectively connected to the first channel input terminal and the second channel input terminal of the programmable logic module. The programmable logic module is equipped with a digital processing module, which is used to: select a target acquisition channel from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel according to the input target operating mode selection signal, determine the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel as the digital sampling data to be processed, and perform digital convolution integration processing on the digital sampling data to be processed using the preset operation parameter group of the target acquisition channel to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value, and generate the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode according to the pulse feature value.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first analog acquisition channel includes: a beam splitting module, a first photoelectric detection module, a first low-pass filter network, and a first analog-to-digital conversion module; the second analog acquisition channel includes: a coupling module, a second photoelectric detection module, a second low-pass filter network, and a second analog-to-digital conversion module. The optical path input terminal of the beam splitter and the optical path input terminal of the coupling module are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path; The optical output terminal of the beam splitter is connected to the first photodetector module, and the first photodetector module is also connected to the analog terminal of the first analog-to-digital converter module through the first low-pass filter network; the optical output terminal of the coupling module is connected to the second photodetector module, and the second photodetector module is also connected to the analog terminal of the second analog-to-digital converter module through the second low-pass filter network. The digital terminals of the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter are respectively the output terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel.

3. A pulsed laser device, characterized in that, The pulsed laser device includes: a pulsed laser source, a pulse gating module, a main optical path, a return optical path, a control module, and the pulsed laser measurement device as described in claim 1 or 2 above; The pulsed laser source is connected to the main optical path through the pulse gating module, and is used to emit incident laser signals to the object to be treated. The trigger terminal of the pulse gating module is also connected to the control module, and the input terminals of the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel in the pulse laser measurement device are respectively connected to the main optical path and the return optical path.

4. A pulsed laser measurement method, characterized in that, The method, applied to the digital processing module on the programmable logic module of the pulsed laser measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, comprises: Based on the input target working mode selection signal, a target acquisition channel is selected from the first analog acquisition channel and the second analog acquisition channel, and the digital sampling data output by the target acquisition channel is determined to be the digital sampling data to be processed. Using the preset operation parameter set of the target acquisition channel, the digital sampling data to be processed is subjected to digital convolution integration processing to obtain the corresponding pulse feature value; Based on the pulse characteristic values, the pulse measurement results for the target operating mode are generated.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset operation parameter group includes at least: preset trigger delay, preset background window, preset convolution window, and preset convolution kernel parameters; The process of using a preset set of operational parameters from the target acquisition channel to perform digital convolution integration on the digital sampled data to obtain the corresponding pulse feature values ​​includes: If a laser trigger signal is received, it is marked as a desired pulse, and the expected pulse position is determined based on the trigger time of the laser trigger signal and the preset trigger delay. Within the preset background window before the expected pulse position, a background sampling sequence is read from the digital sampling data to be processed, and the preset convolution kernel parameters are used to perform digital convolution integration on the background sampling sequence to obtain the background integral amount of the expected pulse. Within the preset convolution window centered on the expected pulse position, a pulse sampling sequence is read from the digital sampling data to be processed, and the pulse sampling sequence is subjected to digital convolution integration processing using the preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the pulse integral of the expected pulse; The pulse characteristic value is determined based on the difference between the pulse integral and the background integral.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset convolution kernel parameters indicate that the convolution kernel type is a rectangular convolution kernel, and the number of sampling points in the preset background window is half the number of sampling points in the preset convolution window; the step of performing digital convolution integration processing on the background sampling sequence using the preset convolution kernel parameters to obtain the background integral of the desired pulse includes: Using the preset convolution kernel parameters, the background sampling sequence is subjected to digital convolution integration to obtain the integral value of the preset background window; The equivalent background integral is calculated as the background integral of the desired pulse, based on twice the integral of the preset background window.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Within the preset convolution window centered at the expected pulse position, a pulse sampling sequence is read from the digital sampling data to be processed, and digital convolution integration is performed on the pulse sampling sequence to obtain the pulse integral of the expected pulse, including: Within multiple convolutional windows centered at the expected pulse position, pulse sampling sequences of the multiple convolutional windows are read from the digital sampled data to be processed; The pulse sampling sequences of the multiple convolution windows are subjected to digital convolution integration processing to obtain the pulse integral values ​​of the multiple convolution windows; The maximum pulse integral value is determined from the pulse integral values ​​of the plurality of convolution windows as the pulse integral value of the desired pulse.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse feature value includes: If the target operating mode is energy monitoring mode, then the pulse characteristic value is determined to be the energy count value, and it is determined whether the energy count value exceeds the preset pulse energy range; If the pulse energy exceeds the preset range, or if no valid pulse data is read at the expected pulse position, the expected pulse is determined to be an abnormal pulse. If the number of consecutive abnormal pulses exceeds a preset threshold, an abnormal alarm message will be output.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of generating the pulse measurement result of the target operating mode based on the pulse feature value includes: If the target working mode is a confocal mode, then the pulse feature value is used as the confocal intensity of the current pixel, and the pulse number of the desired pulse is appended. The pulse number is mapped to a three-dimensional coordinate system to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the current pixel, and the gray value of the three-dimensional coordinates is determined according to the confocal intensity. The confocal image is reconstructed based on the grayscale values ​​of the multiple three-dimensional coordinates.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Choose any one of the first and second analog acquisition channels as the acquisition channel to be calibrated, and determine the digital sampling data output by the acquisition channel to be calibrated as the digital sampling data to be calibrated. Based on multiple candidate parameter groups, digital convolution integration is performed on the digital sampling data to be calibrated to obtain the pulse operation result corresponding to each candidate parameter group; each candidate parameter group includes: candidate trigger delay, candidate background window, candidate convolution window, and candidate convolution kernel parameter; the pulse operation result includes at least: pulse integral, background integral, and pulse feature value. Based on the pulse integral, background integral, and reference energy of the preset calibration pulse in the pulse calculation results corresponding to each candidate parameter group, multiple candidate parameter groups are filtered to obtain filtered candidate parameter groups. Based on the pulse feature value and background integral value in the pulse operation result corresponding to each of the selected candidate parameter groups, calculate the signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to each of the selected candidate parameter groups. The candidate parameter group with the highest signal-to-noise ratio is determined from the filtered candidate parameter groups and used as the preset operation parameter group for the acquisition channel to be calibrated.

Images