Method for monitoring leakage of compressed air underground storage based on gas accompanying tracer

Abstract

The application discloses a compressed air underground storage leak monitoring method based on gas accompanying tracing, relates to the technical field of gas leak monitoring, and comprises the following steps: under the air charging condition of a compressed air underground storage, a trace gas is mixed into an air flow according to a preset proportion, and the trace gas is an inert gas; under the pressure maintaining condition or the air releasing condition of the compressed air underground storage, original concentration data of the trace gas on the outside of a sealing inner liner and background concentration data of the trace gas in a natural geological environment are acquired; the application uses the Knudsen diffusion characteristics of inert gas molecules as an active tracer to improve stability; an absolute leak concentration increment is obtained through differential calculation, natural trace gas background interference can be filtered out, and precision is improved; based on the small dynamics diameter and the Knudsen diffusion characteristics of the inert gas, a leak precursor can be captured before a macroscopic barometer generates a response, and early warning is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas leak monitoring technology, and in particular to a method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a large-capacity energy storage technology that enables peak shaving and valley filling in the power grid and promotes the consumption of renewable energy. Its basic principle is: during off-peak periods, surplus electricity is used to drive a compressor to compress air from nature to a high-pressure state and store it in the air storage system; during peak periods, the high-pressure air is released to drive an expander to generate electricity.

[0003] Currently, leak monitoring in underground compressed air storage facilities often employs methods such as using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) to listen to the sound waves of fluid leaks, or using circumferential drainage blind pipes for passive venting. The distributed acoustic fiber is pre-embedded between the sealed lining and the support layer. The host emits light pulses to collect the turbulent sound waves of the leak and compares them with a reference signal to identify anomalies. The circumferential drainage blind pipe is laid along the perimeter of the cavern and relies on the density difference of the medium to collect the leaked gas to the external discharge pipe. Manual sampling and testing are performed at regular intervals.

[0004] However, due to the frequent inflation and deflation operations required during compressed air energy storage, the resulting huge thermal shock and elastic energy released by the creep of the surrounding rock will cause strong background noise coverage on the fiber optic acoustic network. The signal-to-noise ratio of conventional physical field monitoring methods is extremely low, which easily leads to frequent false alarms and poor reliability. In addition, traditional pressure drop methods or acoustic methods can only passively respond when the leak expands to produce macroscopic pressure drop or obvious turbulence, making it difficult to provide early warning in the early stage of microcrack initiation. Existing technologies cannot isolate the background interference of the geological environment, resulting in the inability to accurately calculate the equivalent leakage rate, let alone achieve accurate three-dimensional spatial coordinate inversion of the leak point. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing. This method solves the technical problems of poor reliability and accuracy in existing underground compressed air leak monitoring technologies, which make it difficult to achieve early warning.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing, comprising: When the underground compressed air storage tank is in the inflation state, the tracer gas is mixed into the air flow according to a preset ratio, and the tracer gas is an inert gas. Under the conditions of pressure holding or venting of the underground compressed air storage tank, the original concentration data of the tracer gas on the outside of the sealed lining and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment are obtained. The absolute leakage concentration increment is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the original concentration data and the background concentration data; Determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds a preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, calculate the equivalent micro-leakage rate of air at the sealed lining damage point based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, using a preset material balance model. Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field are determined, and the three-dimensional spatial physical location of the sealing liner crack is determined by the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field. The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air and the three-dimensional spatial physical location are visualized.

[0007] Furthermore, the tracer gas is helium.

[0008] Furthermore, the preset ratio ranges from 10ppm to 50ppm.

[0009] Furthermore, the air equivalent microscopic leakage rate The calculation formula is:

[0010] in, This represents the effective diffusion volume of the annular space at the monitoring node that triggered the alarm. Indicates the initial mass fraction of tracer gas mixed in the air stream; This represents the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment measured at the monitoring node over time.

[0011] Furthermore, determining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates includes: Multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates were substituted into the Gaussian plume diffusion model for nonlinear surface fitting. The peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field were determined by a spatial grid search algorithm.

[0012] Furthermore, the preset fault tolerance threshold ranges from 0.3ppm to 0.7ppm.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a leak monitoring system for underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas tracing, comprising: A closed-loop dynamic injection module is used to mix tracer gas into the air stream in a preset ratio when the underground compressed air storage tank is in the inflation state. The tracer gas is an inert gas. A ring-shaped spatial sensing network is used to acquire the original concentration data of the tracer gas outside the sealed liner and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment when the compressed air underground gas storage is in pressure-holding or venting condition. An environmental baseline calibration module is used to perform differential calculations between the original concentration data and the background concentration data to obtain the absolute leakage concentration increment; The central processing and inversion early warning center is used to determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds a preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air at the sealed lining failure point is calculated using a preset material balance model. Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field are determined, and the three-dimensional physical location of the crack in the sealed lining is determined using the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field. The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air and the three-dimensional physical location are then visualized.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method for monitoring leaks in an underground compressed air storage facility based on gas accompaniment tracing according to any one of the first aspects.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for monitoring leaks in an underground compressed air storage facility based on gas accompaniment tracing according to any one of the first aspects.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention utilizes the Knudsen diffusion properties of inert gas molecules as an active tracer, without relying on conventional physical parameters such as acoustics and temperature, which are easily affected by the adiabatic expansion / compression of compressed air energy storage. This significantly improves the stability of compressed air leak monitoring.

[0017] The absolute leakage concentration increment obtained through differential calculation can filter out background interference from natural tracer gases released by radioactive decay in deep rock strata, achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio in complex multiphysics coupling environments and improving the accuracy of compressed air leakage monitoring. By mapping the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time into the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air, data support can be provided for evaluating the service life of gas storage facilities and the deterioration trend of microcracks, enabling precise quantification of micro-permeability.

[0018] Based on the small kinetic diameter of inert gases and the Knudsen diffusion characteristics, leak precursors can be captured before the macroscopic barometer reacts. By obtaining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field, the true three-dimensional coordinates of the leak point can be determined, effectively achieving early warning of compressed air leaks. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture and pipeline connection of the annular leakage monitoring system for underground compressed air storage in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the multi-layer composite structure and sensor network layout of the underground compressed air storage tank in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a data processing flowchart of the differential denoising and leakage rate quantitative inversion logic in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in this invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or device.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing, comprising the following steps: Step 101: With the compressed air underground storage tank in the inflation state, the tracer gas is mixed into the air stream according to a preset ratio. The tracer gas is an inert gas.

[0025] When the compressed air underground gas storage tank is in the inflation state, the tracer gas is continuously and dynamically mixed into the high-pressure air flow according to the real-time inflation volume to form a mixed medium and store it inside the underground gas storage tank. The tracer gas is preferably helium, and the preset ratio can be in the range of 10ppm-50ppm (parts per million to 50 parts per million). At this concentration, the tracer gas exhibits an absolutely inert and safe state and has no effect on the thermodynamic cycle efficiency.

[0026] Step 102: Under the conditions of pressure holding or venting in the underground compressed air storage tank, obtain the original concentration data of the tracer gas on the outside of the sealed lining and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment.

[0027] When the compressed air underground storage tank is in pressure-holding or venting condition, the raw concentration data of the tracer gas is acquired in real time through a sensor network set in the annular space outside the sealed lining. The sensor network includes multiple monitoring nodes, which can be sensors for the corresponding gas. For example, when the tracer gas is helium, the monitoring nodes are helium sensors, and the sensor network is a helium sensor array. The raw concentration data is the tracer gas concentration data collected in real time and not included in the calculation of the absolute leakage concentration increment.

[0028] The background concentration data is tracer gas concentration data collected in real time by the environmental benchmark verification module under natural geological conditions. This data serves as the benchmark data in the natural environment and is used to participate in the calculation of absolute leakage concentration increment.

[0029] Step 103: Perform differential calculation between the original concentration data and the background concentration data to obtain the absolute leakage concentration increment. The difference between the original concentration data and the background concentration data is used as the absolute leakage concentration increment. By calculating the absolute leakage concentration increment, it is possible to prevent misjudgment caused by trace amounts of natural gas (of the same type as tracer gas, such as helium) naturally released from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium in deep crustal rock layers.

[0030] Step 104: Determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, calculate the equivalent micro-leakage rate of air at the sealed lining damage point based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, using the preset material balance model.

[0031] When the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, it can be preliminarily determined that a leak has occurred in the corresponding area. The air equivalent micro leakage rate can directly quantify the severity of the crack leakage at the damaged area, providing a reference for assessing the integrity of the lining structure.

[0032] In some embodiments, the preset fault tolerance threshold ranges from 0.3 ppm to 0.7 ppm. Air equivalent micro-leakage rate. The calculation formula is:

[0033] in, This represents the effective diffusion volume of the annular space at the monitoring node that triggered the alarm. Indicates the initial mass fraction of tracer gas mixed in the air stream; This represents the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment measured at the monitoring node over time.

[0034] Step 105: Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, determine the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field, and determine the three-dimensional physical location of the sealing liner crack through the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field.

[0035] In some embodiments, determining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates includes: substituting multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates into a Gaussian plume diffusion model for nonlinear surface fitting, and determining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field through a spatial grid search algorithm.

[0036] When the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, the corresponding measurement node will trigger an alarm. For the measurement node that triggers the alarm and its multiple adjacent measurement nodes, the multiple absolute leakage concentration increments at its measurement point participate in the process of determining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field, so as to determine the three-dimensional physical location (real-world location) of the sealing liner crack.

[0037] Step 106: Visualize the equivalent microscopic leakage rate and three-dimensional physical location of the air. This visualization facilitates guidance for maintenance work, thereby extending system lifespan.

[0038] This invention also provides a leak monitoring system for underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas-accompanied tracers, comprising: a closed-loop dynamic injection module for mixing tracer gas into the airflow at a preset ratio when the underground compressed air storage facility is in a filling state, wherein the tracer gas is an inert gas; a ring-shaped spatial sensing network for acquiring the original concentration data of the tracer gas outside the sealed lining and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment when the underground compressed air storage facility is in a pressure-holding or venting state; and an environmental benchmark calibration module for performing differential calculations on the original concentration data and the background concentration data to obtain the absolute leakage. Concentration increment; Central processing and inversion early warning center, used to determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds a preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air at the sealed lining failure point is calculated through a preset material balance model; Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field are determined, and the three-dimensional spatial physical location of the sealed lining crack is determined through the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field; The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air and the three-dimensional spatial physical location are visualized.

[0039] This invention also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing.

[0040] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing.

[0041] The same or similar parts among the various embodiments in this specification can be referred to mutually, and will not be repeated here.

[0042] As a specific example: In this example, the monitoring object is an underground lined rock cavern (LRC) gas storage facility with a designed burial depth of approximately 800 meters. The daily average circulating operating pressure of the compressed air energy storage system alternates frequently between 8MPa and 12MPa, and the gas storage medium is high-pressure air from natural ambient air after multi-stage compression.

[0043] Please see Figure 2 The composite cavern wall structure of the underground lined gas storage facility, from the outside in, consists of: a natural surrounding rock layer, a primary concrete support layer, a secondary cast-in-place concrete layer, a porous flexible sliding layer (i.e., the "annular space" described in this embodiment), and the innermost steel sealed lining. During the construction phase of the gas storage facility, an explosion-proof, high-sensitivity mass spectrometry helium sensor array is evenly arranged within the porous flexible sliding layer (annular space) between the secondary cast-in-place concrete layer and the steel sealed lining. In the system's BIM (Building Information Modeling) database, the three-dimensional physical space coordinates of each monitoring node (helium sensor) are calibrated. Simultaneously, environmental benchmark calibration modules are deployed on the surface above the gas storage facility or in shallow rock masses far from the high-pressure zone to continuously monitor the background concentration data of tracer gas (helium) in the natural geological environment around the clock. .

[0044] Please see Figure 3 When the power grid is in a low-pressure period, the compressed air energy storage system enters the energy storage phase, and the ground-based multi-stage air compressor unit starts, injecting high-pressure air into the underground gas storage tank. At this time, the PLC controller of the closed-loop dynamic injection module reads the air flow rate on the exhaust pipe of the air compressor in real time. The high-precision mass flow controller (MFC) dynamically adjusts the valve opening of the high-pressure helium storage tank output according to this air flow signal. Helium with a purity of not less than 99.9% is continuously and uniformly mixed into the high-pressure air flow through a static mixer. The closed-loop regulation of the high-precision mass flow controller ensures that even under the conditions of variable frequency regulation of the air compressor and fluctuations in the intake air volume, the volume ratio of tracer helium in the mixing medium remains constant within the preset ratio range. The preset ratio is preferably 20 ppm (parts per million). At this concentration, helium exhibits absolute inertness and safety, and has no impact on the thermodynamic cycle efficiency.

[0045] When the power grid is at its peak, the compressed air energy storage system enters the energy release phase. The storage tank releases gas, causing a pressure drop inside the tunnel accompanied by intense adiabatic expansion and cooling (throttling effect). Under the cyclical thermal expansion and contraction and mechanical fatigue stress, the heat-affected zone of the weld seam of the sealed lining may develop micron-sized initial fatigue cracks. At this point, the crack pore size is extremely small, close to the mean free path of gas molecules. When the mixed high-pressure medium penetrates the crack, it no longer exhibits macroscopic viscous flow but follows Knudsen's diffusion law. The molar mass of helium (approximately 4 g / mol) is much smaller than the molar mass of the main component of air. Therefore, helium molecules in the mixed medium overcome airflow resistance, preferentially penetrating the microcracks at extremely high speed before large air molecules, entering the porous annular space outside the sealed lining, and are rapidly captured by the surrounding helium sensor array.

[0046] To prevent system misjudgments caused by trace amounts of naturally released helium from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium in deep crustal layers, the central processing and inversion early warning center executes a differential denoising algorithm: at a certain moment, the raw concentration data measured by a certain monitoring node (helium sensor) A... The concentration was 7.8 ppm. The central processing and inversion early warning center simultaneously retrieved the background concentration data transmitted back from the environmental reference calibration module. (For example, the background concentration data is 5.2 ppm).

[0047] The system performs differential calculations: absolute leakage concentration increment. Since the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeded the preset fault tolerance threshold of 0.5 ppm, the system determined that a real leak had occurred in the area after filtering out background noise. The central processing and inversion early warning center further extracted the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment of monitoring node A over time within multiple consecutive sampling periods. The preset material balance model is invoked to calculate the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air:

[0048] Assume the effective diffusion volume of the local annular space at node A. Given that the initial blending mass fraction k is 20 ppm, the system uses this formula to calculate the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air at the point of failure in the sealed liner in real time. (Unit: mbar·L / s) This value directly quantifies the severity of crack leakage and provides a basis for assessing the integrity of the lining structure.

[0049] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a data processing flowchart for the differential denoising and quantitative leak rate inversion logic in this embodiment of the invention. After the process starts, the original monitoring data input is completed first, followed by data preprocessing and leak feature extraction operations, and data quality judgment is performed on the processed data. When the data quality is deemed acceptable, forward simulation of leak diffusion, inversion solution of leak parameters, and verification of inversion results are performed sequentially. Then, the convergence judgment stage is entered. If the calculation is deemed not to converge, the process returns to the forward simulation step for iterative calculation. If the calculation is deemed to converge, the final quantitative leak detection result is output and the entire data processing process ends.

[0050] Because the leaked helium gas diffuses irregularly with a gradient within the annular porous space, the monitoring node closer to the leak point reads a larger absolute increase in leakage concentration. The central processing and inversion early warning center simultaneously extracts concentration data from monitoring node A and its surrounding auxiliary monitoring nodes B, C, and D that triggered alarms. The system substitutes the absolute leakage concentration increments of nodes A, B, C, and D with their three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates bound in the BIM system into a Gaussian Plume Model (GPM) for nonlinear surface fitting. Through a spatial grid search algorithm, the central processing and inversion early warning center calculates the coordinates of the highest peak point after fitting the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field. This point is the three-dimensional physical location (true location) of the microcrack.

[0051] The system will generate a visual alarm report based on the calculated three-dimensional physical location and the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air. The report will be displayed on the screen as a three-dimensional model, and a maintenance work order will be issued to guide maintenance personnel or internal inspection robots to carry out precise sealing and repair.

[0052] This invention utilizes the Knudsen diffusion properties of inert gas molecules as an active tracer, without relying on conventional physical parameters such as acoustics and temperature, which are easily affected by the adiabatic expansion / compression of compressed air energy storage. This significantly improves the stability of compressed air leak monitoring.

[0053] The absolute leakage concentration increment obtained through differential calculation can filter out background interference from natural tracer gases released by radioactive decay in deep rock strata, achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio in complex multiphysics coupling environments and improving the accuracy of compressed air leakage monitoring. By mapping the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time into the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air, data support can be provided for evaluating the service life of gas storage facilities and the deterioration trend of microcracks, enabling precise quantification of micro-permeability.

[0054] Based on the small kinetic diameter of inert gases and the Knudsen diffusion characteristics, leak precursors can be captured before the macroscopic barometer reacts. By obtaining the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field, the true three-dimensional coordinates of the leak point can be determined, effectively achieving early warning of compressed air leaks.

[0055] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing, characterized in that, include: When the underground compressed air storage tank is in the inflation state, the tracer gas is mixed into the air flow according to a preset ratio, and the tracer gas is an inert gas. Under the conditions of pressure holding or venting of the underground compressed air storage tank, the original concentration data of the tracer gas on the outside of the sealed lining and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment are obtained. The absolute leakage concentration increment is obtained by performing a difference calculation between the original concentration data and the background concentration data; Determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds a preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, calculate the equivalent micro-leakage rate of air at the sealed lining damage point based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, using a preset material balance model. Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field are determined, and the three-dimensional spatial physical location of the sealing liner crack is determined by the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field. The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air and the three-dimensional spatial physical location are visualized.

2. The method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tracer gas is helium.

3. The method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset ratio ranges from 10ppm to 50ppm.

4. The method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air The calculation formula is: in, This represents the effective diffusion volume of the annular space at the monitoring node that triggered the alarm. Indicates the initial mass fraction of tracer gas mixed in the air stream; This represents the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment measured at the monitoring node over time.

5. The method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates includes: Multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates were substituted into the Gaussian plume diffusion model for nonlinear surface fitting. The peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field were determined by a spatial grid search algorithm.

6. The method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas accompaniment tracing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset fault tolerance threshold ranges from 0.3ppm to 0.7ppm.

7. A compressed air underground gas storage leakage monitoring system based on gas accompaniment tracing, characterized in that, include: A closed-loop dynamic injection module is used to mix tracer gas into the air stream in a preset ratio when the underground compressed air storage tank is in the inflation state. The tracer gas is an inert gas. A ring-shaped spatial sensing network is used to acquire the original concentration data of the tracer gas outside the sealed liner and the background concentration data of the tracer gas in the natural geological environment when the compressed air underground gas storage is in pressure-holding or venting condition. An environmental baseline calibration module is used to perform differential calculations between the original concentration data and the background concentration data to obtain the absolute leakage concentration increment; The central processing and inversion early warning center is used to determine whether the absolute leakage concentration increment exceeds a preset fault tolerance threshold. If it exceeds the preset fault tolerance threshold, based on the rate of change of the absolute leakage concentration increment over time and the initial mixing mass fraction, the equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air at the sealed lining failure point is calculated using a preset material balance model. Based on multiple absolute leakage concentration increments and their corresponding three-dimensional spatial topological coordinates, the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field are determined, and the three-dimensional physical location of the crack in the sealed lining is determined using the peak coordinates of the three-dimensional surface of the concentration field. The equivalent microscopic leakage rate of air and the three-dimensional physical location are then visualized.

8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas tracing, as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for monitoring leaks in underground compressed air storage facilities based on gas tracing, as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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