A low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning deicing test platform and a deicing test method thereof

Abstract

A low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform and its de-icing test method are disclosed. In traditional asphalt pavement laser de-icing tests, inconsistent temperature conditions, specimen positions, scanning trajectories, and laser parameters make precise repeatability impossible. This invention addresses this by establishing a communication connection between the control unit and the laser loading unit. A laser head clamp is slidably mounted on a three-axis gantry translation stage, with a laser head mounted on the clamp. A laser head and a fiber laser are respectively installed at both ends of the output optical fiber. The de-icing test method involves placing the icy asphalt pavement specimen positioning mark into the assembled low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform. The test temperature within the low-temperature environment chamber is set according to predetermined requirements. The fiber laser is activated, and the three-axis gantry translation stage drives the laser head to scan the specimen surface. The ice layer is observed through an observation window, and test parameters are recorded. After scanning, the laser output is turned off, and the specimen is removed, thus completing the low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention specifically relates to a laser scanning de-icing test platform for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing and its de-icing test method, belonging to the technical fields of road engineering, low-temperature environment simulation and laser loading test. Background Technology

[0002] In cold regions, road surfaces are susceptible to icing due to factors such as snowfall, freezing rain, and refreezing of melted snow. Icing significantly reduces the road surface's coefficient of friction, leading to vehicle skidding and even traffic accidents, seriously impacting traffic safety. Therefore, efficient de-icing technology has always been an important research direction for winter road maintenance.

[0003] Existing road de-icing methods mainly include mechanical de-icing, chemical de-icing agents, and thermal de-icing. While these methods have a certain de-icing effect, they all have limitations. For example, mechanical de-icing may cause mechanical damage to the road surface, long-term use of chemical de-icing agents may have adverse effects on the road structure and the surrounding environment, and some thermal de-icing methods have problems such as high energy consumption or limited operational efficiency. Therefore, exploring more efficient, controllable, and environmentally friendly de-icing technologies is of great significance.

[0004] Laser de-icing is a non-contact de-icing method that uses laser energy to locally heat the ice layer or ice-road interface, causing the ice to melt, cracks to propagate, or the interface to detach. In recent years, some laser de-icing related patents and technical solutions have been published both domestically and internationally. However, existing research and equipment mainly focus on engineering structures such as power transmission lines, overhead contact lines, aircraft surfaces, and wind turbine blades, addressing key issues such as long-distance energy transmission, icing area identification, scanning mechanism design, and on-site operational safety. The primary goals are the development of engineering application equipment and the improvement of on-site de-icing efficiency.

[0005] In contrast, there are relatively few systematic studies on the influence of factors such as laser power, scanning speed, scanning path, focusing position, and ambient temperature on de-icing efficiency. Existing devices typically lack standardized specimen positioning structures and repeatable spatial coordinate systems, making it difficult to meet the needs of conducting highly repeatable, multi-parameter comparative experiments under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, most existing studies are conducted in ambient temperature or natural environments, where the experimental environment is easily affected by changes in external temperature and icing conditions, making stable control of environmental conditions difficult.

[0006] For asphalt pavement icing, the ice thickness, ice-road interface state, and pavement material properties are all closely related to the ambient temperature. The laser de-icing effect is also affected by both the laser output parameters and the scanning motion parameters. If only temporary tests under room temperature conditions or manual movement of the laser head are used for irradiation, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of temperature conditions, laser action positions, and scanning trajectories between different test groups, thus affecting the repeatability and comparability of the test results.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to construct a programmable scanning laser de-icing test platform for asphalt pavement icing specimens under low-temperature conditions. This platform would enable coordinated control of ambient temperature, laser output parameters, and scanning motion parameters in a controlled low-temperature environment, providing stable and repeatable test conditions for the study of laser de-icing mechanisms, parameter optimization, de-icing effect evaluation, and the development of related equipment for asphalt pavement. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, a low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform and its de-icing test method are provided to solve the above problems.

[0009] A low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform and its de-icing test method include a low-temperature environment component, a load-bearing frame, a three-axis gantry translation stage, a laser loading component, a water-cooling circulation component, and a control component. The low-temperature environment component has a built-in load-bearing frame, a three-axis gantry translation stage is set on the load-bearing frame, a laser loading component is set on the three-axis gantry translation stage, a water-cooling circulation component is set on the laser loading component, and the control component is communicatively connected to the laser loading component.

[0010] The laser loading device includes a fiber laser, a laser head, a laser head fixture, and an output fiber. The laser head fixture is slidably mounted on a three-axis gantry translation table, and the laser head is mounted on the laser head fixture. One end of the output fiber is mounted on the laser head, and the other end of the output fiber is mounted on the fiber laser. A water-cooling circulation device is mounted on the laser head.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment: the low-temperature environment component includes a low-temperature environment chamber, a chamber door, an observation window, and a specimen base. The low-temperature environment chamber is equipped with a chamber door, and the chamber door is equipped with an observation window. The low-temperature environment chamber has a built-in load-bearing frame, and the bottom of the low-temperature environment chamber is equipped with a specimen base. The specimen base is equipped with frame positioning marks, rutted plate specimen positioning marks, and Marshall specimen positioning marks. The surface of the specimen base is also equipped with laser head action plane area markings.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment: the load-bearing frame includes universal rollers, circular feet, frame body, and square bases. A square base is provided at each of the four corners of the bottom of the frame body. Each square base is provided with a universal roller and a circular foot is threaded onto each square base. The circular feet are set on the frame positioning marks. A three-axis gantry translation stage is provided on the frame body.

[0013] As a preferred option: the three-axis gantry translation stage includes a displacement stage one, a displacement stage two, and a displacement stage three. A displacement stage one is respectively set on both sides of the upper end of the frame body. The two ends of the displacement stage two are respectively slidably set on the displacement stage one corresponding to their positions. The end of the displacement stage three is slidably set on the displacement stage two. A laser head clamp is slidably set on the displacement stage three.

[0014] As a preferred option: the water-cooled circulation component includes a circulating chiller, a laser circulating water circuit, and a laser head circulating water circuit. The circulating chiller is equipped with a laser circulating water circuit, which is located on the fiber laser.

[0015] The laser head circulating water circuit includes a laser head cooling water inlet pipe and a laser head cooling water return pipe. The laser head is equipped with a laser head cooling water inlet pipe and a laser head cooling water return pipe, which are connected to a circulating chiller.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment: the control components include a main control console, a control unit for the fiber laser, and a CNC displacement stage control box. The main control console is communicatively connected to both the fiber laser and the CNC displacement stage control box, which is mounted on a three-axis gantry translation stage.

[0017] As a preferred option: the output optical fiber, the laser head cooling water inlet pipe, the laser head cooling water return pipe, and the optional electric heat tracing cable are bundled together with abrasion-resistant cloth sleeves, and an insulation layer is fitted on the abrasion-resistant cloth sleeves to form a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit.

[0018] A laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing is disclosed, utilizing the aforementioned low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform. The method involves placing the positioning mark of the icy asphalt pavement specimen into the assembled platform, setting the test temperature within the low-temperature environment chamber, and waiting for the specimen to reach a predetermined constant temperature equilibrium. The laser parameters, motion parameters, and scanning trajectory of the laser loading component are configured via the main control console. The laser head is adjusted to the target height, the fiber laser is activated, and the three-axis gantry translation stage drives the laser head to scan the specimen surface. The ice layer is observed through the observation window, and the test parameters are recorded. After scanning, the laser output is turned off, and the specimen is removed, thus completing the low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test process.

[0019] A de-icing test method for a low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Equipment assembly and positioning;

[0021] S11: Assemble the load-bearing frame, three-axis gantry translation stage, and laser head fixture outside the low-temperature environment chamber;

[0022] S12: Place the specimen base inside the low-temperature environment chamber, so that the specimen base is located in the predetermined area on the bottom surface of the low-temperature environment chamber;

[0023] S13: Push the support frame into the low-temperature environment chamber, and adjust the position of the support frame according to the frame positioning marks on the base of the specimen, so that the circular feet are aligned with the corresponding frame positioning marks.

[0024] S14: Then unscrew the circular feet to stably support the bearing frame on the specimen base, and complete the repositioning between the bearing frame and the specimen base.

[0025] S2: Line connection;

[0026] S21: The output optical fiber, laser head cooling water inlet pipe, laser head cooling water return pipe, and optional electric heat tracing cable are bundled together with a wear-resistant wrapping layer to form a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit, and are led out from inside the low-temperature environment chamber to the outside of the chamber through the composite circuit through the hole.

[0027] S22: Connect the output optical fiber to the fiber laser, connect the laser head cooling water inlet pipe and the laser head cooling water return pipe to the water cooling circulation component, and connect the laser circulation water circuit of the water cooling circulation component to the fiber laser body.

[0028] S23: The power and control cables of the three-axis gantry translation table are led out through the table cable hole and connected to the CNC translation table control box.

[0029] S24: If an electric heat tracing cable is installed, connect it to an independent power supply and an independent switch;

[0030] S25: After wiring is completed, the holes for composite circuits and displacement stage cables are sealed and insulated. The reserved expansion holes after commissioning are also sealed and insulated.

[0031] S26: Connect the main control console to the fiber laser and the CNC displacement table control box respectively.

[0032] S3: System check;

[0033] S31: Check whether the load-bearing frame has been stably supported by composite casters;

[0034] S32: Check if the power cord and control cable connections of the three-axis gantry translation table are normal;

[0035] S33: Check the arrangement of the output optical fiber to confirm that there are no bends in the output optical fiber that are smaller than the allowable bending radius;

[0036] S34: Check that the laser head is securely installed and confirm that the optical components are in normal working order;

[0037] S35: Check the liquid level, pipe connection and water flow direction of the water-cooled circulation components, confirm that the laser circulation water circuit is correctly connected to the fiber laser body, and confirm that the laser head cooling water inlet pipe and laser head cooling water return pipe are correctly connected to the laser head.

[0038] S36: Inspect the sealing condition of the low-temperature environment chamber door, observation window, composite circuit hole, displacement stage cable hole, and reserved expansion hole.

[0039] S4: Specimen placement and constant temperature equilibration;

[0040] S41: Select asphalt pavement icing specimens according to the test plan;

[0041] S42: Turn on the low-temperature environment chamber and set the target test temperature;

[0042] S43: Place the rutted icing specimen at the rutted specimen positioning mark, or place the Marshall icing specimen at the Marshall specimen positioning mark;

[0043] S44: After placing the specimen, close the door of the low-temperature environment chamber;

[0044] S45: Keep the icing specimen in the low-temperature environment chamber for a certain period of time until the specimen temperature and the ambient temperature inside the chamber reach a stable state.

[0045] S5: Experimental parameter setting and trajectory programming;

[0046] S51: Set the laser and motion parameters for this experiment via the main control console;

[0047] S52: The system controls the selection of a preset scanning trajectory through the CNC displacement table control box, or inputs the coordinate information of multiple trajectory nodes and the corresponding scanning speed to generate the user-defined scanning path;

[0048] S53: The relative height between the laser head and the surface of the iced specimen is adjusted by the movement of the displacement stage, so that the laser is focused at the preset height position of the ice layer on the specimen.

[0049] S6: Laser de-icing test;

[0050] S61: The control system drives the displacement stage to move, causing the laser head to descend to the set working height. The laser output of the fiber laser is activated, and the three-axis gantry translation stage is controlled to move along the preset trajectory, so that the laser head can complete the scanning of the ice-covered specimen surface.

[0051] S62: During the scanning process, the operator observes the melting, crack formation, interface debonding and other state changes of the ice surface in real time through the observation window of the low temperature environment chamber;

[0052] S63: Depending on the test requirements, the laser power, laser working mode, modulation parameters, scanning speed, scanning path, focusing position, ambient temperature, and test duration can be recorded.

[0053] S7: End of Experiment and Subsequent Evaluation;

[0054] S71: After completing the preset scanning task, first turn off the laser output;

[0055] S72: After confirming that the fiber laser has stopped emitting light, open the door of the low-temperature environment chamber and take out the iced specimen;

[0056] S73: If the next set of tests is required, replace the icing specimen and adjust the ambient temperature, ice layer condition, laser output parameters, scanning speed, scanning path or focusing position according to the test plan, and repeat the above specimen placement, constant temperature equilibration, parameter setting and laser scanning steps.

[0057] S8: System shutdown;

[0058] S81: After all tests are completed, turn off the laser output and control the three-axis gantry translation stage to return to the zero position or move to a safe position;

[0059] S82: Turn off the fiber laser;

[0060] S83: Turn off the CNC displacement table control box and the main control console;

[0061] S84: Shut down the refrigeration system of the low-temperature environment chamber as needed;

[0062] S85: After the fiber laser is turned off, the water cooling circuit of the laser continues to run until the fiber laser is fully cooled, and then the circulating chiller is turned off.

[0063] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0064] This invention integrates a low-temperature environment chamber, a support frame, a specimen base, a three-axis gantry translation stage, and a laser head, enabling laser irradiation tests on icy asphalt pavement specimens to be conducted in a low-temperature environment with a temperature range of −40 ℃ to 0 ℃. By using frame positioning marks, laser head action plane markings, and specimen positioning marks on the surface of the specimen base, a unified coordinate relationship can be established between the support frame, the three-axis gantry translation stage, the laser head, and the icy specimen, improving spatial consistency after repeated equipment setup and specimen replacement.

[0065] This invention employs a three-axis gantry translation stage to drive the laser head movement. The strokes of translation stages one, two, and three are all 400 mm, and their maximum speeds are all 20 mm / s. Translation stages one and two allow the laser head to scan points, lines, or surfaces on the specimen surface; the movement of translation stage three allows adjustment of the relative height and focusing position of the laser head relative to the specimen surface. Compared to manually moving the laser head or irradiation from a fixed position, this structure improves the repeatability of the scanning path, scanning speed, and application position.

[0066] This invention employs a fiber laser with a maximum output power of 3000 W, supporting continuous output mode, pulsed modulation output mode, and external control mode. By controlling the laser power, laser operating mode, scanning speed, scanning path, and focusing height, it is suitable for conducting precise and reproducible laser de-icing tests on asphalt pavements under different energy input conditions.

[0067] This invention employs a control system comprised of a central control console, a computer, a fiber laser control unit, and a CNC displacement stage control box. The computer is connected to both the fiber laser and the CNC displacement stage control box, enabling laser output and laser head movement to execute according to set parameters, thereby reducing errors caused by manual operation.

[0068] This invention addresses the wiring issues during laser head movement in low-temperature environments by bundling the output optical fiber, laser head cooling water inlet pipe, and return pipe together with a wear-resistant cloth sleeve, and providing an insulation layer and optional electric heat tracing cable, thereby reducing the risks of wiring entanglement, wear, excessive bending, and water freezing. Attached Figure Description

[0069] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the laser loading component and the three-axis gantry translation stage;

[0070] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the supporting frame;

[0071] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the laser loading component;

[0072] Figure 4 A three-dimensional structural diagram of low-temperature environment components, water-cooled circulation components, and control components;

[0073] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit.

[0074] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure for positioning markers on the frame.

[0075] In the diagram: 1-Low-temperature environment component; 2-Bearing frame; 5-Three-axis gantry translation stage; 6-Laser loading component; 8-Water-cooling circulation component; 9-Control component; 10-Low-temperature adaptability composite circuit; 11-Low-temperature environment chamber; 12-Chamber door; 13-Specimen base; 13-1-Frame positioning mark; 13-2-Rut plate specimen positioning mark; 13-3-Marshall specimen positioning mark; 13-4-Laser head action plane area mark; 14-Observation window; 21-Universal casters; 22-Circular feet; 23-Frame body; 24-Square... Base; 51-Displacement stage one; 52-Displacement stage two; 53-Displacement stage three; 61-Fiber laser; 62-Laser head; 63-Laser head clamp; 64-Output fiber optic; 81-Circulating chiller; 82-Laser head cooling water inlet pipe; 83-Laser head cooling water return pipe; 84-Laser head circulating water circuit; 85-Laser head circulating water circuit; 91-Main control console; 92-Fiber laser control unit; 93-CNC displacement stage control box; 100-Optional electric heating cable; 101-Abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve; 102-Insulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0077] Specific implementation method one: Combining Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 This embodiment describes a low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform, which includes a low-temperature environment component 1, a load-bearing frame 2, a three-axis gantry translation stage 5, a laser loading component 6, a water-cooling circulation component 8, and a control component 9. The low-temperature environment component 1 houses the load-bearing frame 2, the load-bearing frame 2 is mounted on the three-axis gantry translation stage 5, the laser loading component 6 is mounted on the three-axis gantry translation stage 5, the water-cooling circulation component 8 is mounted on the laser loading component 6, and the control component 9 is communicatively connected to the laser loading component 6.

[0078] The laser loading component 6 includes a fiber laser 61, a laser head 62, a laser head clamp 63, and an output fiber 64. The laser head clamp 63 is slidably mounted on the three-axis gantry translation stage 5, and the laser head 62 is mounted on the laser head clamp 63. One end of the output fiber 64 is mounted on the laser head 62, and the other end of the output fiber 64 is mounted on the fiber laser 61. A water-cooling circulation component 8 is mounted on the laser head 62.

[0079] Fiber laser 61 employs an MFSC 3000C (G6.1) single-module continuous fiber laser with a maximum output power of 3000 W, a power adjustment range of 10%–100% of rated power, and a center wavelength range of 1070 nm–1090 nm. Fiber laser 61 supports continuous output mode, pulsed modulation output mode, and external control mode, with a maximum modulation frequency of 20 kHz.

[0080] The output fiber optic cable 64 is 20 m long, has a minimum bending radius of 200 mm, and is output in standard QBH mode.

[0081] The laser head 62 is internally equipped with collimating and focusing optical components for directing the laser beam output from the fiber laser 61 onto the surface of the ice-covered specimen. In one embodiment, the laser head has a focal length of 160 mm and an output direction that is vertically downward.

[0082] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One. The low-temperature environment component 1 includes a low-temperature environment chamber 11, a chamber door 12, an observation window 14, and a specimen base 13. The low-temperature environment chamber 11 is provided with a chamber door 12, and the chamber door 12 is provided with an observation window 14. The low-temperature environment chamber 11 has a built-in support frame 2. The bottom of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 is provided with a specimen base 13. The specimen base 13 is provided with a frame positioning mark 13-1, a rut plate specimen positioning mark 13-2, a Marshall specimen positioning mark 13-3, and a laser head action plane area mark 13-4.

[0083] The frame positioning mark 13-1 is circular with a diameter of 30 mm. After the supporting frame 2 is pushed into the low temperature environment chamber 11, the four circular feet 22 are respectively placed on the corresponding frame positioning marks 13-1, and then the circular feet 22 are unscrewed to complete the fixation.

[0084] The surface of the specimen base 13 is also marked with laser head action plane area marking 13-4, rut plate specimen positioning marking 13-2, and Marshall specimen positioning marking 13-3. The laser head action plane area is a rectangular area of ​​400 mm × 400 mm. The rut plate specimen positioning marking is a rectangular area of ​​300 mm × 300 mm. The Marshall specimen positioning marking is a circular area with a diameter of 101.6 mm.

[0085] In one implementation, the specimen base 13 can be placed directly flat on the bottom surface of the low-temperature environment chamber 11, and maintain stability by the weight of the supporting frame 2 and its installed components, as well as the friction of the bottom surface. Depending on actual usage needs, limiting components or fasteners can also be provided to further restrict the relative displacement between the specimen base 13 and the bottom surface of the low-temperature environment chamber 11.

[0086] In this embodiment, the low-temperature environment chamber 11 and the chamber door 12 form a relatively enclosed low-temperature test space, with a temperature adjustment range of −40 ℃ to 0 ℃, and the error between the displayed temperature and the actual temperature is less than ±2 ℃.

[0087] In this embodiment, the length, width, and height of the internal space of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 are 1100 mm, 1100 mm, and 2000 mm, respectively, which are used to accommodate the bearing frame 2, the three-axis gantry translation stage 5, the laser head 62, the specimen base 13, and the icing specimen.

[0088] In this embodiment, the length and width of the observation window 14 are 600 mm and 400 mm, respectively, and it is used to observe the laser irradiation process without opening the box door.

[0089] Specific Implementation Method 3: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method 1 or 2. The supporting frame 2 includes universal rollers 21, circular feet 22, frame body 23, and square bases 24. A square base 24 is provided at each of the four corners of the bottom of the frame body 23. A universal roller 21 is provided on each square base 24. A circular foot 22 is threadedly connected to each square base 24. The circular feet 22 are set on the frame positioning mark 13-1. A three-axis gantry translation stage 5 is provided on the frame body 23.

[0090] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One, Two or Three. The three-axis gantry translation stage 5 includes a first displacement stage 51, a second displacement stage 52 and a third displacement stage 53. A first displacement stage 51 is respectively provided on both sides of the upper end of the frame body 23. The two ends of the second displacement stage 52 are respectively slidably set on the first displacement stage 51 corresponding to their positions. The end of the third displacement stage 53 is slidably set on the second displacement stage 52. A laser head clamp 63 is slidably set on the third displacement stage 53.

[0091] In this embodiment, the displacement stage 51 has a stroke of 400 mm, a maximum speed of 20 mm / s, and a repeatability of ±0.5 mm.

[0092] In this embodiment, the displacement stage 52 has a stroke of 400 mm, a maximum speed of 20 mm / s, and a repeatability of ±10 μm.

[0093] In this embodiment, the displacement stage 3 53 has a stroke of 400 mm, a maximum speed of 20 mm / s, a repeatability of ±10 μm, a load of 5 kg, and is equipped with a grating ruler with a resolution of 0.1 μm.

[0094] In this embodiment, the total mass of the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 is 47.26 kg, and the overall external dimensions are approximately 866 mm × 717 mm × 883.91 mm.

[0095] Specific implementation method five: This implementation method is a further limitation of specific implementation methods one, two, three or four. The water-cooled circulation component 8 includes a circulating water chiller 81, a laser circulating water path 84, and a laser head circulating water path 85. The circulating water chiller 81 is provided with a laser circulating water path 84, and the laser circulating water path 84 is provided on the fiber laser 61.

[0096] The laser head circulating water circuit 85 includes a laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82 and a laser head cooling water return pipe 83. The laser head 62 is provided with a laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82 and a laser head cooling water return pipe 83. The laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82 and the laser head cooling water return pipe 83 are connected to the circulating chiller 81.

[0097] The circulating chiller 81 is a CWFL-3000 industrial circulating chiller, and the laser circulating water circuit 84 is used to cool the main body of the fiber laser 61. In one implementation, the water pressure of the laser main body cooling water circuit is not less than 3 bar, the flow rate is not less than 25 L / min, and the rated cooling capacity of the chiller is not less than 7.5 kW.

[0098] The laser head circulating water path 85 is used to cool the laser head 62 and the external optical path components. In one embodiment, the outer diameter and inner diameter of the external optical path cooling water pipe are 6 mm and 4 mm, respectively, the cooling water flow rate is not less than 2 L / min, and the water pressure is not less than 3 bar.

[0099] Since the specific structure of the laser head 62 can be adjusted according to the test requirements, the actual water flow rate, water pressure and circulating water temperature required by the laser head 62 should be determined according to the structure and operating status of the laser head 62.

[0100] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One, Two, Three, Four or Five. The control component 9 includes a main control console 91, a control unit 92 for the fiber laser, and a CNC displacement stage control box 93. The main control console 91 is communicatively connected to the fiber laser 61 and the CNC displacement stage control box 93, respectively. The CNC displacement stage control box 93 is installed on the three-axis gantry translation stage 5.

[0101] The main control console 91 uses a computer, and the fiber laser 61 can be connected to the control system via a communication interface or an external control interface to receive laser start / stop commands and corresponding parameter setting commands.

[0102] The circulating water chiller 81 adopts an independent control mode. The operator sets the circulating water circuit parameters through the temperature controller and switch built into the circulating water chiller 81.

[0103] The low-temperature environment chamber 11 adopts an independent control method. The operator sets the target temperature through the controller built into the low-temperature environment chamber 11.

[0104] The CNC displacement stage control box 93 can control the laser head 62 to perform point dwell, unidirectional linear scanning, reciprocating linear scanning, parallel interval scanning, serpentine grid scanning, or user-defined polygonal path scanning according to preset parameters.

[0105] For the scanning path set by the user, the operator can input the coordinate information of multiple trajectory nodes and the corresponding scanning speed through the main control console 91, and control the laser head 62 to move in the set order, thereby realizing laser de-icing test under different scanning paths.

[0106] Depending on the actual functions of the control software, the laser start / stop status, output power, and test parameter saving method for different trajectory segments can also be further set.

[0107] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method is a further limitation of Specific Implementation Method One, Two, Three, Four, Five or Six. After the output optical fiber 64, the laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82, the laser head cooling water return pipe 83 and the optional electric heat tracing cable 100 are bundled together with abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve 101, an insulation layer 102 is fitted on the abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve 101 to form a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit 10.

[0108] In this embodiment, the electric heat tracing cable 100 is controlled by an independent power supply and an independent switch to reduce the risk of freezing of the circulating water circuit and embrittlement of the output optical fiber under low temperature conditions.

[0109] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figures 1 to 6This embodiment describes the laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing. The method involves placing the positioning mark of the icy asphalt pavement specimen into the assembled low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform. The test temperature within the low-temperature environment chamber 11 is set according to predetermined requirements. Once the specimen reaches the predetermined constant temperature equilibrium, the laser parameters, motion parameters, and scanning trajectory of the laser loading component 6 are configured via the main control console 91. The laser head 62 is adjusted to the target height, the fiber laser 61 is activated, and the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 drives the laser head 62 to scan the specimen surface. The ice layer is observed through the observation window, and the test parameters are recorded. After the scan is completed and the laser output is turned off, the specimen is removed, thus completing the low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test process.

[0110] The specific procedure for this laser de-icing test method is as follows: Assemble the supporting frame, three-axis gantry translation stage 5, and laser head clamp 63 outside the low-temperature environment chamber. Place the specimen base 13 inside the low-temperature environment chamber 11 and push it into the supporting frame 2. Use positioning marks to achieve repeated positioning. Bundle the output optical fiber 64, cooling water pipes, and optional electric heating cables into a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit and lead it out of the chamber. Complete the wiring and communication of the fiber laser 61, water-cooled circulation component 8, CNC displacement stage control box 93, and main control console 91. Seal and insulate the cable perforations. Perform a complete machine inspection, verifying the frame support, wiring, optical fiber bends, laser head 62, water-cooled piping, and chamber sealing. Place the asphalt pavement ice-covered specimen at the positioning marks, set the test temperature inside the chamber, and wait for the specimen to reach constant temperature equilibrium. Set the laser, motion parameters, and scanning trajectory through the main control console 91, and adjust the laser head 62 to the target height. Start the laser 61, and the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 drives the laser head 61 to scan the surface of the specimen. Observe the ice layer through the observation window 14 and record the test parameters. After scanning, turn off the laser output, remove the specimen, and repeat multiple tests by changing the specimen and adjusting the conditions. After all tests are completed, return the translation stage to the safe position, turn off the laser 61 and all control equipment in sequence, and stop the cryogenic chamber cooling as needed.

[0111] The specific steps of the laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing in this embodiment are as follows:

[0112] S1: Equipment assembly and positioning;

[0113] S11: Complete the assembly of the load-bearing frame 2, the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 and the laser head fixture 63 outside the low-temperature environment chamber 11;

[0114] The three-axis gantry translation stage 5 is fixedly installed on the support frame 2 via the left and right displacement platforms 51. The laser head clamp 63 is installed in the support position of the three-axis gantry translation stage 5. Then, the laser head 62 is installed in the laser head clamp 63 and locked with fasteners.

[0115] S12: Place the specimen base 13 into the low temperature environment chamber 11, so that the specimen base 13 is located in the predetermined area on the bottom surface of the low temperature environment chamber 11;

[0116] Rotate the circular base 22 and use the universal casters 21 to push the support frame 2 into the low-temperature environment chamber 11;

[0117] S13: Push the support frame 2 into the low temperature environment chamber 11, and adjust the position of the support frame 2 according to the frame positioning mark 13-1 on the specimen base 13, so that the circular feet 22 are aligned with the corresponding frame positioning mark 13-1 respectively.

[0118] S14: Then unscrew the circular foot 22 to stably support the bearing frame 2 on the specimen base 13, and complete the repositioning between the bearing frame 2 and the specimen base 13.

[0119] S2: Line connection;

[0120] S21: The output optical fiber 64, the laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82, the laser head cooling water return pipe 83, and the optional electric heat tracing cable 100 are bundled together with an anti-wear wrapping layer to form a low-temperature adaptable composite circuit 10, and are led out from the inside of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 to the outside of the chamber through the composite circuit through the hole.

[0121] S22: The output optical fiber 64 is connected to the fiber laser 61, the laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82 and the laser head cooling water return pipe 83 are connected to the water cooling circulation component 8, and the laser circulation water path 84 of the water cooling circulation component 8 is connected to the main body of the fiber laser 61.

[0122] S23: The power and control lines of the three-axis gantry translation table 5 are led out through the displacement table cable hole and connected to the CNC displacement table control box 93;

[0123] S24: When the electric heat tracing cable 100 is installed, connect it to an independent power supply and an independent switch;

[0124] The system includes a pre-reserved expansion hole, which is sealed with a removable seal when not in use; it can be used to install new cables or conduits when adding functional modules in the future.

[0125] S25: After wiring is completed, the holes for composite circuits and displacement stage cables are sealed and insulated. The reserved expansion holes after commissioning are also sealed and insulated.

[0126] S26: Connect the main control console 91 to the fiber laser 61 and the CNC displacement table control box 93 for communication.

[0127] S3: System check;

[0128] S31: Check whether the load-bearing frame 2 has been stably supported by the composite casters, and whether the circular feet 22 are correctly aligned with the four frame positioning marks 13-1 on the base 13 of the specimen.

[0129] S32: Check whether the power cord and control cord of the three-axis gantry translation table 5 are properly connected;

[0130] Turn on the main control console 91 and the CNC displacement table control box 93, and control the three-axis gantry translation table 5 to move at low speed. Confirm that the movement is smooth and there are no abnormal jams, collisions or wire pulling phenomena.

[0131] Control the three-axis gantry translation table 5 to perform a zero-return operation;

[0132] S33: Check the arrangement of the output optical fiber 64 to confirm that there are no bends in the output optical fiber 64 smaller than the allowable bending radius;

[0133] S34: Check whether the laser head 62 is securely installed and confirm that the optical components are in normal condition;

[0134] S35: Check the liquid level, pipe connection and water flow direction of the water-cooled circulation component 8, confirm that the laser circulation water circuit 84 is correctly connected to the main body of the fiber laser 61, and confirm that the laser head cooling water inlet pipe 82 and the laser head cooling water return pipe 83 are correctly connected to the laser head 62.

[0135] Turn on water cooling circulation component 8 and confirm that the circulating water path is unobstructed and there are no leaks, blockages or abnormal alarms.

[0136] If an electric heat tracing cable 100 is installed, check the working status of the electric heat tracing cable 100 and decide whether to turn on low-power heat tracing based on the internal temperature of the low-temperature environment chamber 11, the circulating water temperature, and the actual operating status.

[0137] S36: Inspect the sealing status of the door 12, observation window 14, composite circuit hole, displacement stage cable hole and reserved expansion hole of the low temperature environment chamber 11.

[0138] Before the laser beam is emitted, confirm that the door of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 is closed, and confirm that the emergency stop devices of the fiber laser 61 and the CNC displacement table control box 93 are in normal working order.

[0139] S4: Specimen placement and constant temperature equilibration;

[0140] S41: Select asphalt pavement icing specimens according to the test plan. The icing state and ice thickness of the specimen surface should be prepared in advance according to the test requirements.

[0141] S42: Turn on the low temperature environment chamber 11 and set the target test temperature. After the internal temperature of the low temperature environment chamber 11 has initially dropped, briefly open the chamber door.

[0142] S43: Place the rut plate iced specimen at the rut plate specimen positioning mark 13-2, or place the Marshall iced specimen at the Marshall specimen positioning mark 13-3;

[0143] S44: After placing the specimen, close the door 12 of the low-temperature environment chamber 11;

[0144] S45: Keep the icing specimen in the low-temperature environment chamber 11 for a certain period of time until the specimen temperature and the ambient temperature inside the chamber reach a stable state.

[0145] S5: Experimental parameter setting and trajectory programming;

[0146] S51: After the internal temperature of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 stabilizes, set the laser parameters and motion parameters for this test through the main control console 91;

[0147] According to the experimental objectives, the laser output power, laser operating mode, and related operating parameters were set. The ambient temperature was set independently by the low-temperature environmental chamber 11, and the water cooling circulation parameters were set independently by the water cooling circulation component 8.

[0148] S52: The preset scanning trajectory is selected by the control system of the CNC displacement table control box 93, or the coordinate information of multiple trajectory nodes and the corresponding scanning speed are input to generate the user-defined scanning path. The scanning trajectory is set on the laser head 62 and the base 13 for the test piece.

[0149] S53: The relative height between the laser head 62 and the surface of the iced specimen is adjusted by the movement of the displacement stage 3 53, so that the laser is focused at the preset height position of the ice layer on the specimen. According to the actual function of the control software, the laser start and stop status, output power and test parameter saving method of different trajectory segments can be further set.

[0150] S6: Laser de-icing test;

[0151] S61: After confirming that the door 12 of the low temperature environment chamber 11 is closed, the water cooling circulation component 8 is operating normally, and the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 has completed the zeroing operation and is in normal condition, start the laser de-icing test;

[0152] The control system drives the displacement stage 53 to move, causing the laser head 62 to descend to the set working height. The laser output of the fiber laser 61 is activated, and the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 is controlled to move along the preset trajectory, so that the laser head 62 completes scanning on the surface of the ice-covered specimen.

[0153] S62: During the scanning process, the operator observes the melting, crack formation, interface debonding and other state changes of the ice surface in real time through the observation window 14 of the low temperature environment chamber 11.

[0154] S63: Depending on the test requirements, the laser power, laser working mode, modulation parameters, scanning speed, scanning path, focusing position, ambient temperature, and test duration can be recorded.

[0155] S7: End of Experiment and Subsequent Evaluation;

[0156] S71: After completing the preset scanning task, first turn off the laser output, and then drive the displacement stage 53 to move through the control system to raise the laser head 62 to a safe height;

[0157] S72: After confirming that the fiber laser 61 has stopped emitting light, open the door 12 of the low temperature environment chamber 11, take out the iced specimen, and measure and evaluate the laser de-icing effect according to the test purpose.

[0158] Evaluation indicators may include melting depth, melting width, debonding area, number of ice cracks, residual ice mass, energy consumption per unit area, and residual adhesion performance at the ice-road interface. The residual adhesion performance at the ice-road interface can be measured using independent testing equipment after the specimen is removed.

[0159] S73: If the next set of tests is required, replace the icing specimen and adjust the ambient temperature, ice layer condition, laser output parameters, scanning speed, scanning path or focusing position according to the test plan, and repeat the above specimen placement, constant temperature equilibration, parameter setting and laser scanning steps.

[0160] S8: System shutdown;

[0161] S81: After all tests are completed, turn off the laser output and control the three-axis gantry translation stage 5 to return to the zero position or move to a safe position;

[0162] S82: Turn off fiber laser 61;

[0163] S83: Close the CNC displacement table control box 93 and the main control console 91;

[0164] S84: Shut down the refrigeration system of the low-temperature environment chamber 11 as needed;

[0165] S85: After the fiber laser 61 is turned off, the laser circulating water circuit 84 continues to run. After the fiber laser 61 has been fully cooled, the circulating chiller 81 is then turned off.

[0166] The water-cooling circulation component 8 should continue to run for a certain period of time after the fiber laser 61 stops working, and the water-cooling circulation component 8 should be turned off after the fiber laser 61 body and laser head 62 have cooled down sufficiently.

[0167] When the low-temperature environment chamber 11 is no longer used for a long period of time, the water circuit status should be checked according to the maintenance requirements of the water cooling circulation component 8, the main body of the fiber laser 61 and the laser head 62, and corresponding drainage or antifreeze measures should be taken.

Claims

1. A low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform, characterized in that: The system includes a low-temperature environment component (1), a load-bearing frame (2), a three-axis gantry translation stage (5), a laser loading component (6), a water-cooling circulation component (8), and a control component (9). The low-temperature environment component (1) has a built-in load-bearing frame (2). The load-bearing frame (2) is mounted on the load-bearing frame (2). The laser loading component (6) is mounted on the three-axis gantry translation stage (5). The water-cooling circulation component (8) is mounted on the laser loading component (6). The control component (9) is connected to the laser loading component (6) in communication. The laser loading component (6) includes a fiber laser (61), a laser head (62), a laser head clamp (63), and an output fiber (64). The laser head clamp (63) is slidably mounted on the three-axis gantry translation stage (5). The laser head (62) is mounted on the laser head clamp (63). One end of the output fiber (64) is mounted on the laser head (62), and the other end of the output fiber (64) is mounted on the fiber laser (61). A water-cooling circulation component (8) is mounted on the laser head (62).

2. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature environment component (1) includes a low-temperature environment chamber (11), a chamber door (12), an observation window (14), and a specimen base (13). The low-temperature environment chamber (11) is equipped with a chamber door (12) and an observation window (14). The low-temperature environment chamber (11) has a built-in load-bearing frame (2). The bottom of the low-temperature environment chamber (11) is equipped with a specimen base (13). The specimen base (13) is equipped with a frame positioning mark (13-1), a rut plate specimen positioning mark (13-2), a Marshall specimen positioning mark (13-3), and a laser head action plane domain mark (13-4) on its surface.

3. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The supporting frame (2) includes universal rollers (21), round feet (22), frame body (23), and square bases (24). A square base (24) is provided at each of the four corners of the bottom of the frame body (23). A universal roller (21) is provided on each square base (24). A round foot (22) is threaded onto each square base (24). The round feet (22) are set on the frame positioning mark (13-1). A three-axis gantry translation stage (5) is provided on the frame body (23).

4. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The three-axis gantry translation stage (5) includes a first translation stage (51), a second translation stage (52), and a third translation stage (53). A first translation stage (51) is provided on each side of the upper end of the frame body (23). The two ends of the second translation stage (52) are slidably set on the first translation stage (51) corresponding to its position. The end of the third translation stage (53) is slidably set on the second translation stage (52). A laser head clamp (63) is slidably set on the third translation stage (53).

5. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water-cooled circulation component (8) includes a circulating chiller (81), a laser circulating water path (84), and a laser head circulating water path (85). The circulating chiller (81) is equipped with a laser circulating water path (84), which is located on the fiber laser (61). The laser head circulating water circuit (85) includes a laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82) and a laser head cooling water return pipe (83). The laser head (62) is provided with a laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82) and a laser head cooling water return pipe (83). The laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82) and the laser head cooling water return pipe (83) are connected to the circulating chiller (81).

6. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control unit (9) includes a main control console (91), a control unit (92) for the fiber laser, and a CNC displacement stage control box (93). The main control console (91) is connected to the fiber laser (61) and the CNC displacement stage control box (93) respectively. The CNC displacement stage control box (93) is set on the three-axis gantry translation stage (5).

7. The low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output optical fiber (64), the laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82), the laser head cooling water return pipe (83) and the optional electric heat tracing cable (100) are bundled together with abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve (101). An insulation layer (102) is fitted on the abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve (101). A low-temperature adaptable composite circuit (10) is formed between the abrasion-resistant cloth sleeve (101) and the insulation layer (102).

8. A laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing, implemented using the low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method for laser scanning de-icing test of low-temperature asphalt pavement icing is as follows: After the positioning mark of the asphalt pavement icing specimen is placed in the assembled low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test platform, the test temperature in the low-temperature environment chamber (11) is set. After the specimen reaches the predetermined constant temperature equilibrium, the laser parameters, motion parameters and scanning trajectory of the laser loading component (6) are configured through the main control console (91). The laser head (62) is adjusted to the target height, the fiber laser (61) is started, and the three-axis gantry translation stage (5) drives the laser head (62) to scan the surface of the specimen. The ice layer is observed through the observation window and the test parameters are recorded. After the scanning is completed, the laser output is turned off and the specimen is taken out, thus completing the low-temperature asphalt pavement icing laser scanning de-icing test process.

9. The laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The laser scanning de-icing test method for low-temperature asphalt pavement icing includes the following steps: S1: Equipment assembly and positioning; S11: Complete the assembly of the load-bearing frame (2), the three-axis gantry translation stage (5) and the laser head fixture (63) outside the low temperature environment chamber (11); S12: Place the specimen base (13) inside the low temperature environment chamber (11) so that the specimen base (13) is located in the predetermined area on the bottom surface of the low temperature environment chamber (11); S13: Push the support frame (2) into the low temperature environment chamber (11), and adjust the position of the support frame (2) according to the frame positioning mark (13-1) on the specimen base (13) so that the circular feet (22) are aligned with the corresponding frame positioning mark (13-1); S14: Then unscrew the circular foot (22) to ensure that the bearing frame (2) is stably supported on the specimen base (13) and complete the repositioning between the bearing frame (2) and the specimen base (13); S2: Line connection; S21: The output optical fiber (64), the laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82), the laser head cooling water return pipe (83) and the optional electric heat tracing cable (100) are bundled together with a wear-resistant wrapping layer to form a low-temperature adaptable composite line (10), and are led out from the inside of the low-temperature environment box (11) to the outside of the box through the composite line perforation; S22: The output optical fiber (64) is connected to the fiber laser (61), the laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82) and the laser head cooling water return pipe (83) are connected to the water cooling circulation component (8), and the laser circulation water path (84) of the water cooling circulation component (8) is connected to the main body of the fiber laser (61). S23: The power and control lines of the three-axis gantry translation table (5) are led out through the displacement table cable hole and connected to the CNC displacement table control box (93). S24: If the electric heat tracing cable (100) is laid out, then the electric heat tracing cable (100) is connected between the independent power supply and the independent switch; S25: After the wiring is completed, the holes for composite circuits and displacement stage cables are sealed and insulated; the reserved expansion holes after being put into use are also sealed and insulated. S26: Connect the main control console (91) to the fiber laser (61) and the CNC displacement table control box (93) respectively; S3: System check; S31: Check whether the load-bearing frame (2) has been stably supported by composite casters; S32: Check whether the power cord and control cord of the three-axis gantry translation stage (5) are properly connected; S33: Check the arrangement of the output optical fiber (64) and confirm that there are no bends in the output optical fiber (64) smaller than the allowable bending radius; S34: Check whether the laser head (62) is securely installed and confirm that the optical components are in normal condition; S35: Check the liquid level, pipeline connection and water flow direction of the water-cooled circulation component (8), confirm that the laser circulation water circuit (84) is correctly connected to the main body of the fiber laser (61), and confirm that the laser head cooling water inlet pipe (82) and the laser head cooling water return pipe (83) are correctly connected to the laser head (62). S36: Check the sealing status of the low temperature environment chamber (11) door (12), observation window (14), composite circuit hole, displacement stage cable hole and reserved expansion hole; S4: Specimen placement and constant temperature equilibration; S41: Select asphalt pavement icing specimens according to the test plan; S42: Turn on the low temperature environment chamber (11) and set the target test temperature; S43: Place the rut plate iced specimen at the rut plate specimen positioning mark (13-2), or place the Marshall iced specimen at the Marshall specimen positioning mark (13-3). S44: After placing the specimen, close the door (12) of the low temperature environment chamber (11). S45: Ensure that the icing specimen is kept in the low temperature environment chamber (11) for a predetermined time until the specimen temperature and the ambient temperature inside the chamber reach a stable state; S5: Experimental parameter setting and trajectory programming; S51: Set the laser parameters and motion parameters for this experiment via the main control console (91); S52: Select a preset scanning trajectory through the CNC displacement table control box (93), or input the coordinate information of multiple trajectory nodes and the corresponding scanning speed to generate the user-defined scanning path; S53: Adjust the relative height between the laser head (62) and the surface of the ice-covered specimen by moving the displacement stage three (53) so that the laser is focused at the preset height position of the ice layer of the specimen; S6: Laser de-icing test; S61: Drive the displacement stage (53) to move through the control system, so that the laser head (62) is lowered to the set working height; start the laser output of the fiber laser (61) and control the three-axis gantry translation stage (5) to move according to the preset trajectory, so that the laser head (62) completes scanning on the surface of the ice-covered specimen; S62: During the scanning process, the operator observes the melting, cracking, interface debonding and other state changes of the ice surface in real time through the observation window (14) of the low temperature environment chamber (11); S63: Depending on the test requirements, the laser power, laser working mode, modulation parameters, scanning speed, scanning path, focusing position, ambient temperature and test duration can be recorded; S7: End of Experiment and Subsequent Evaluation; S71: After completing the preset scanning task, first turn off the laser output; S72: After confirming that the fiber laser (61) has stopped emitting light, open the door (12) of the low temperature environment chamber (11) and take out the ice-covered specimen; S73: If the next set of tests is required, replace the icing specimen and adjust the ambient temperature, ice layer condition, laser output parameters, scanning speed, scanning path or focusing position according to the test plan, and repeat the above specimen placement, constant temperature equilibration, parameter setting and laser scanning steps. S8: System shutdown; S81: After all tests are completed, turn off the laser output and control the three-axis gantry translation stage (5) to return to the zero position or move to a safe position; S82: Turn off the fiber laser (61); S83: Close the CNC displacement table control box (93) and the main control console (91); S84: Shut down the refrigeration system of the low-temperature environment chamber (11) according to the actual situation; S85: After the fiber laser (61) is turned off, the laser circulating water circuit (84) is kept running in water cooling mode until the fiber laser (61) is fully cooled down, and then the circulating chiller (81) is turned off.

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