A testing device for high temperature tensile
By employing a non-contact measurement solution using a high-temperature resistant sapphire viewing window and a video extensometer, combined with a multi-segment independently temperature-controlled heating furnace and a coaxial modular design, the accuracy and reliability issues of tensile testing under high-temperature environments were resolved, achieving high-precision material tensile property testing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611167623.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing high-temperature tensile testing equipment suffers from sensor failure and mechanical deformation under high-temperature conditions, resulting in large measurement errors and failing to meet the requirements for high-precision testing.
A non-contact measurement scheme using a high-temperature resistant sapphire viewing window and a video extensometer, combined with a high-temperature heating furnace with multi-segment independent temperature control and a coaxial modular design tensile clamp, achieves high-precision non-contact strain measurement and excellent temperature field uniformity.
It achieves high-precision and stable tensile property testing of materials over a wide temperature range, has a wide range of applications, and provides highly reliable test results, making it suitable for a variety of high-temperature materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN123045861A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of material mechanical property testing equipment, specifically, a testing device for high-temperature tensile testing. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of aerospace, nuclear power, high-end metallurgy and other fields, the application scenarios of high-temperature structural materials such as high-temperature alloys and ceramic matrix composites continue to expand. Their high-temperature tensile properties are the core basis for equipment structural design and material selection. The industry's demand for wide-temperature-range and high-precision high-temperature tensile testing is becoming increasingly urgent.
[0003] However, current mainstream tensile testing equipment and publicly available patented solutions still face significant technical bottlenecks: traditional contact extensometers rely on strain gauges and mechanical contact structures, which are prone to sensor failure and mechanical deformation in high-temperature environments above 600℃, limiting their coverage to medium and low temperature testing ranges and failing to meet the testing requirements of ultra-high temperature materials; some devices use indirect calculations based on external furnace displacement to obtain elongation, which is susceptible to interference from factors such as clamp slippage and system elastic deformation, resulting in large measurement errors and failing to reflect the true strain of the sample; the few devices employing non-contact optical solutions mostly use ordinary quartz glass as the observation window, which has a low upper temperature resistance limit, significant optical distortion at high temperatures, and is prone to parallax in the optical path layout, while also exhibiting insufficient uniformity of the furnace cavity temperature field, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision scientific research and industrial testing. Therefore, designing a high-temperature tensile testing device that can achieve high-precision non-contact strain measurement over a wide temperature range has significant engineering value and practical significance.
[0004] Accordingly, a new technical solution is needed in this field to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, this application is made to provide a testing device for high-temperature tensile testing. This device can complete the tensile property testing of materials in a wide high-temperature range, and at the same time realize non-contact, high-precision real-time acquisition of sample elongation. The test is stable and reliable and has a wide range of applications.
[0006] This application provides a testing device for high-temperature tensile testing, including: a tensile testing machine frame 1, a tensile clamp 2, a tensile rod 3, a movable crossbeam 4, a high-temperature heating furnace 5, a video extensometer 7, and a control system. The tensile testing machine frame 1 adopts a portal double-column structure and has a built-in tensile loading system and a high-precision force sensor. The tension clamps 2 are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower axes and are connected to the tensile testing machine base and the movable crossbeam 4 respectively through the tension rods 3, and are used to clamp the test sample; the movable crossbeam 4 can be raised and lowered along the column. The high-temperature heating furnace 5 adopts a cylindrical symmetrical mechanism, coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sample, with an observation window 6 opened on the side of the furnace body, and high-temperature resistant sealing sleeves and clamp rods fitted to the upper and lower end faces. The video extensometer 7 is installed on the outside of the observation window 6 and is perpendicular to the observation window 6; the observation window 6 is embedded with high-temperature resistant sapphire optical glass; the video extensometer 7 acquires images of the marked points on the sample surface in real time in a non-contact manner, continuously tracks the displacement changes of the marked points, and automatically calculates the real-time elongation of the sample.
[0007] Furthermore, the tension chuck 2 includes a spring chuck fixing cap 8 and a spring chuck 9. The spring chuck fixing cap 8 is threaded to the thread at the end of the tension rod 3 to fix the spring chuck 9. The spring chuck fixing cap 8 and the spring chuck 9 are made of high-temperature resistant tungsten-molybdenum alloy.
[0008] Furthermore, the spring clip 9 has anti-slip teeth 91 and a wedge-shaped self-locking structure 92 on its clamping surface to achieve automatic centering and rapid locking of the sample.
[0009] Furthermore, the tension rod 3 is provided with a cooling water channel 10 and a cooling water channel baffle 11 to block the transmission of high temperature to the tensioning machine end.
[0010] Furthermore, the high-temperature heating furnace 3 has a side-opening structure, and the furnace lining is filled with lightweight alumina fiber insulation material.
[0011] Furthermore, the control system includes a tensile loading system, a furnace temperature control system, and an extensometer acquisition system, which are coordinated and linked by a central control system to automatically complete the entire process of heating, heat preservation, tensile loading, and synchronous data acquisition.
[0012] Furthermore, the tensile loading system includes a servo motor, which drives the movable crossbeam 4 to rise at a constant speed during testing, applying a stable axial tensile load to the sample; the high-precision force sensor collects tensile data in real time and transmits it to the central control system, realizing precise control of the loading process and synchronous recording of tensile data.
[0013] Furthermore, the tensile load range is 0~200 kN, the loading rate is 0~10 mm / min, and the movable crossbeam 4 achieves micron-level precision lifting and lowering along the column.
[0014] Furthermore, the inner wall of the high-temperature heating furnace 5 is equipped with three independently temperature-controlled silicon molybdenum rod heating elements in the upper, middle and lower sections, which enables precise control of the furnace temperature zone and ensures that the temperature field uniformity within the gauge length of the sample is better than ±5℃.
[0015] Furthermore, the video extensometer 7 consists of a high-resolution industrial camera and a telecentric lens, with a sampling frequency of up to 100Hz and a strain measurement accuracy of up to 10 micro-strain levels.
[0016] Compared to traditional tensile testing devices, the main improvements of this application include: The non-contact measurement solution, which combines a high-temperature resistant sapphire viewing window with an external video extensometer, breaks through the temperature tolerance limit of contact extensometers. It fundamentally solves the common industry problem of difficulty in accurately and continuously measuring tensile elongation under high temperature conditions. The measurement process does not interfere with the stress state of the sample and has high testing accuracy.
[0017] The high-temperature heating furnace adopts a multi-segment independently temperature-controlled cylindrical symmetrical structure, which has excellent uniformity of axial temperature zone in the furnace cavity. It can accurately simulate the actual high-temperature service conditions of materials, effectively reduce the test error caused by uneven temperature field, and significantly improve the reliability of test results.
[0018] The tensile clamp, high-temperature heating furnace and tensile testing machine adopt a coaxial modular integrated design, which makes sample clamping operation convenient and centering accuracy high. It can be adapted to high-temperature tensile performance testing of various samples such as metals and ceramic matrix composites of different sizes and specifications, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description
[0019] The disclosure of this application will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Wherein: Figure 1 is an overall structural diagram of the high-temperature tensile testing device of this application.
[0020] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the tension clamp and tension rod assembly of the high-temperature tensile testing device of this application.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the spring chuck in the tensile chuck of the high-temperature tensile testing device of this application.
[0022] Figure 4 This is an assembly cross-sectional view of the high-temperature heating furnace of this application; Detailed Implementation
[0023] Some embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0024] A high-temperature tensile testing device includes a tensile testing machine frame 1, tensile clamps 2, tensile bars 3, a movable crossbeam 4, a high-temperature heating furnace 5, a video extensometer 7, and a control system. The tensile testing machine frame 1 is located at the outer support position of the testing device and adopts a portal double-column structure to provide rigid support and tensile power for the entire device. Two sets of tensile clamps 2 are arranged coaxially and connected to the tensile testing machine base and the movable crossbeam 4 respectively through tensile bars 3, for clamping the test sample. The high-temperature heating furnace 5 is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sample to provide a controllable high-temperature environment for testing. The observation window 6 is opened on the side wall of the high-temperature furnace and works with the external video extensometer 7 to complete the non-contact acquisition of the sample elongation. The control system includes a tensile loading system, a furnace temperature control system, and an extensometer acquisition system, which are coordinated and linked by a central control system to automatically complete the entire testing process of heating, heat preservation, tensile loading, and synchronous data acquisition. The tensile loading system is responsible for applying tensile force to the movable crossbeam 4 of the tensile testing machine, the furnace temperature control system controls the temperature inside the high-temperature heating furnace 5, and the extensometer acquisition system records the elongation of the sample during the tensile process in real time.
[0025] Specifically, the tensile testing machine frame 1 adopts a portal-type double-column high-rigidity frame design. The main body of the frame is made of high-strength cast iron, featuring small deformation under load and strong stability. A base is installed at the bottom, which is an adjustable leveling support base to adapt to different installation sites. The tensile testing machine frame 1 incorporates a tensile loading system and a high-precision force sensor. The movable crossbeam 4 can achieve micron-level precision lifting and lowering along the columns, with a tensile load range of 0~200 kN and a loading rate of 0~10 mm / min. The tensile loading system includes a servo motor providing power. During testing, the servo motor drives the movable crossbeam 4 to rise at a uniform speed, applying a stable axial tensile load to the sample. The high-precision force sensor collects tensile data in real time and transmits it to the central control system, achieving precise control of the loading process and synchronous recording of tensile data.
[0026] Specifically, the tension chuck 2 consists of two parts: a spring chuck fixing cap 8 and a spring chuck 9. Its structural features include: the upper and lower chucks are coaxially and symmetrically distributed; the spring chuck fixing cap 8 and the spring chuck 9 are made of high-temperature resistant tungsten-molybdenum alloy, capable of withstanding temperatures above 1600℃; the spring chuck fixing cap 8 is threaded to the thread at the end of the tension rod 3, thus fixing the spring chuck 9. Figure 2 As shown. The spring collet 9 has anti-slip teeth 91 and a wedge-shaped self-locking structure 92 on its clamping surface, as... Figure 3 As shown, automatic centering of the sample can be achieved during clamping; the tensile rod 3 passes through the upper and lower end faces of the high-temperature furnace, and cooling water channels 10 and cooling water channel baffles 11 are arranged inside the tensile rod 3 to block the transmission of high temperature to the tensile testing machine end.
[0027] Its working process is as follows: When clamping the sample, the two ends of the sample to be tested are respectively placed into the clamping positions of the upper and lower spring clamps 9, and the spring clamp fixing caps 8 are tightened. The wedge locking mechanism 92 achieves rapid locking and automatic centering, ensuring that the tensile load is uniformly transmitted along the sample axis and avoiding test errors caused by eccentric loading. During the test, the clamp ends maintain structural stability in the high temperature environment inside the furnace, and the circulating water cooling insulation structure continuously reduces the temperature of the tensile rod 3, protecting the loading end of the tensile testing machine from the influence of high temperature.
[0028] Specifically, the high-temperature heating furnace 5 has the following structural features: it adopts a cylindrical symmetrical structure, with three independently temperature-controlled silicon molybdenum rod heating elements arranged on the inner wall of the furnace cavity (upper, middle, and lower sections), enabling precise control of the furnace cavity temperature zone; the furnace lining is filled with lightweight alumina fiber insulation material, providing excellent heat preservation performance and a low furnace surface temperature; the furnace body has a side-opening structure for easy sample clamping; an observation window 6 is provided on the side of the furnace body, and high-temperature resistant sealing sleeves are installed on the upper and lower end faces to fit with the clamping rods, reducing heat loss. The assembly cross-sectional view of the high-temperature heating furnace 5 is shown below. Figure 4 As shown.
[0029] The working process is as follows: After the sample is clamped, the furnace body is closed, and the furnace temperature control system starts heating according to the preset heating program. The three independent temperature control structures work together to ensure that the temperature field uniformity within the gauge length of the sample is better than ±5℃. After the furnace temperature reaches the set value and is kept stable, the tensile test is started. The entire process simulates the actual high-temperature service conditions of the material to ensure the consistency between the test environment and the actual working conditions.
[0030] Specifically, the observation window 6 is embedded with high-temperature resistant sapphire optical glass, which is installed in the observation through-hole on the side wall of the high-temperature heating furnace 5 through a high-temperature sealing structure. The sapphire glass has a temperature resistance limit of up to 1800℃, high optical transmittance, and minimal thermal deformation and optical distortion at high temperatures. A video extensometer 7 consisting of a high-resolution industrial camera and a telecentric lens is installed on the outside of the observation window 6. The optical path is perpendicular to the observation window, eliminating visual parallax.
[0031] Its working process is as follows: Before the test, high-temperature resistant marking points are made in the gauge length section of the sample. During the test, the video extensometer 7 collects images of the marking points on the sample surface in real time through the sapphire observation window 6. The displacement changes of the marking points are continuously tracked through the subpixel-level image processing algorithm, and the real-time elongation, strain and elongation rate of the sample are automatically calculated. The sampling frequency can reach up to 100Hz, and the strain measurement accuracy can reach 10 micro-strain level. The entire process adopts a non-contact measurement method, and the measuring element does not come into contact with the high-temperature environment, which fundamentally avoids the damage of high temperature to the sensing element and effectively solves the core problem of the difficulty in accurately measuring elongation rate in traditional high-temperature tensile testing.
Claims
1. A testing device for high-temperature tensile testing, characterized in that, include: Tensile testing machine frame (1), tension chuck (2), tension rod (3), movable crossbeam (4), high temperature heating furnace (5), video extensometer (7) and control system; The tensile testing machine frame (1) adopts a portal double-column structure and has a built-in tensile loading system and a high-precision force sensor; The tension clamps (2) are arranged symmetrically on the upper and lower axes and are connected to the tensile testing machine base and the movable crossbeam (4) respectively through tension rods (3) for clamping the test sample; the movable crossbeam (4) can be raised and lowered along the column; The high-temperature heating furnace (5) adopts a cylindrical symmetrical mechanism, coaxially sleeved on the outside of the sample, and an observation window (6) is opened on the side of the furnace body. The upper and lower end faces are equipped with high-temperature resistant sealing sleeves and gap fit with the clamp rod. The video extensometer (7) is installed outside the observation window (6) and is perpendicular to the observation window (6); the observation window (6) is fitted with high-temperature resistant sapphire optical glass; the video extensometer (7) acquires images of the marked points on the sample surface in real time in a non-contact manner, continuously tracks the displacement changes of the marked points, and automatically calculates the real-time elongation of the sample.
2. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tension clamp (2) includes a spring clamp fixing cap (8) and a spring clamp (9). The spring clamp fixing cap (8) is connected to the thread at the end of the tension rod (3) by a thread to fix the spring clamp (9). The spring clamp fixing cap (8) and the spring clamp (9) are made of high temperature resistant tungsten-molybdenum alloy.
3. The testing device according to claim 2, wherein the spring chuck (9) has anti-slip teeth (91) and a wedge-shaped self-locking structure (92) on its clamping surface to achieve automatic centering and rapid locking of the sample.
4. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tension rod (3) has a cooling water channel (10) and a cooling water channel baffle (11) inside, which are used to block the transmission of high temperature to the tensioning machine end.
5. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature heating furnace (3) has a side-opening structure and the furnace lining is filled with lightweight alumina fiber insulation material.
6. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a tensile loading system, a furnace temperature control system, and an extensometer acquisition system, which are coordinated and linked by a central control system to automatically complete the entire process of testing, including heating, heat preservation, tensile loading, and synchronous data acquisition.
7. The testing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tensile loading system includes a servo motor. During testing, the servo motor drives the movable crossbeam (4) to rise at a constant speed, applying a stable axial tensile load to the sample. The high-precision force sensor collects tensile data in real time and transmits it to the central control system, realizing precise control of the loading process and synchronous recording of tensile data.
8. The testing apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The tensile load range is 0~200 kN, the loading rate is 0~10 mm / min, and the movable crossbeam (4) achieves micron-level precision lifting and lowering along the column.
9. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature heating furnace (5) has three independently temperature-controlled silicon molybdenum rod heating elements arranged on the inner wall of the furnace cavity, which realizes precise control of the furnace cavity temperature zone and ensures that the temperature field uniformity in the gauge length section of the sample is better than ±5℃.
10. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The video extensometer (7) consists of a high-resolution industrial camera and a telecentric lens, with a sampling frequency of up to 100Hz and a strain measurement accuracy of up to 10 micro-strain levels.