A water conservancy construction material penetration detection device

Abstract

This invention discloses a permeability testing device for hydraulic engineering building materials, comprising a base, a portal frame, a sample holder, a pressure head, a clamping assembly, and a water supply assembly. The pressure head has a pressure chamber at its lower end, surrounded by an inner and outer sealing rings, forming an annular leak detection groove between the two sealing rings. The sample holder has a water collection chamber, a lower sealing ring, and a peripheral water collection groove located outside the lower sealing ring. The water collection chamber is connected to a metering container, and the annular leak detection groove and the peripheral water collection groove drain freely into the leak detection container via independent pipelines. The clamping assembly uses a single lead screw to drive a floating pressure pad, allowing the pressure head and the sample holder to jointly clamp the sample. By using upper and lower partitioned water collection and independent drainage, the central permeable water and peripheral abnormal water are observed separately, and the compression of the sealing ring is limited by a limiting step and a support plate to reduce excessive clamping. This device is easy to load, unload, clean, and inspect for seals, and is suitable for comparative testing of the pressure permeability of plate-shaped or block-shaped building materials in hydraulic engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building material testing technology, specifically to a water conservancy engineering building material permeability testing device, used to test the water permeability of concrete, mortar, waterproof mortar and rigid waterproof composite board samples under a set water pressure. Background Technology

[0002] The linings and waterproofing layers of hydraulic structures are in constant contact with water. During material selection and waterproofing layer evaluation, it is necessary to apply water pressure to the samples, observe the water outflow time on the back side, and measure the permeability.

[0003] Existing devices use clamps to hold samples, supply water to the samples via water tanks, pumps, or pressurized containers, and then use changes in liquid level or the amount of water received to reflect the permeability. For example, published document CN106706500A proposes using a sample holder, side wall sealing, and pressurized measuring pipelines for concrete permeability testing. This type of technology indicates that sample clamping, perimeter sealing, and water supply metering are all key factors affecting the results.

[0004] For specimens with uneven end faces or small notches on the edges, leakage may occur at the interface between the pressure connector and the specimen. If this water flows along the outer wall of the specimen into the back-water metering container, it will mix with the water that has passed through the material. Simply increasing the clamping force can easily cause the sealing ring to be squeezed out and localized damage to the specimen, and it does not indicate whether the bypass water has been eliminated. In addition, repeated adjustments to multiple independent bolts will increase the workload of loading and unloading, and uneven clamping may also cause differences in sealing contact.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to observe the central water seepage and peripheral abnormal water separately under a simple clamping structure, while also taking into account the compression control of the sealing ring and sample replacement. Peripheral water may also originate from lateral seepage of the material, so the source information of the abnormal water should also be retained. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water conservancy engineering building material permeability testing device, which solves the problems of easy mixing of central permeable water and abnormal water around the perimeter, cumbersome clamping and adjustment, and easy over-compression of the sealing ring by using a partitioned water collection structure with upper and lower cooperation and a single screw clamping structure.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A permeability testing device for hydraulic engineering building materials includes a base, a portal frame fixed to the base, a sample holder mounted on the base, a pressure head located above the sample holder, a clamping assembly mounted on the portal frame, and a water supply assembly connected to the pressure head. The device is characterized in that: the lower end of the pressure head has a pressure chamber facing the sample; an inner sealing ring and an outer sealing ring are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the pressure chamber; an annular leak detection groove opening towards the sample surface is provided between the two, and the annular leak detection groove is connected to a leak detection tube; the sample holder has a structure opposite to the pressure chamber. The sample includes a water collection cavity, a lower sealing ring surrounding the water collection cavity, and a peripheral water receiving groove located outside the lower sealing ring and extending to the lower periphery of the sample. A support plate is provided inside the water collection cavity. The water collection cavity is connected to a metering container via a metering pipe, and the peripheral water receiving groove is connected to a bypass pipe. The leak detection pipe and the bypass pipe each have a free drainage end located above the highest working liquid level of the leak detection container. The clamping assembly includes a single clamping screw threaded to a portal frame and a floating pressure pad disposed between the clamping screw and the pressure head, used to make the pressure head and the sample holder jointly clamp the sample.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner sealing ring, outer sealing ring, and lower sealing ring are respectively embedded in the corresponding annular mounting groove; the water pressure head is provided with a limiting step on the outside of the outer sealing ring, and along the direction towards the sample, the contact surface of the limiting step is retracted relative to the sealing contact surface of the uncompressed inner sealing ring and outer sealing ring, and the upper surface of the support plate is lower than the sealing contact surface of the uncompressed lower sealing ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the limiting step includes at least three pressure-bearing sections spaced apart circumferentially, with a water passage gap connecting to the outside formed between adjacent pressure-bearing sections, and the outer edge of the peripheral water receiving groove located below and outside the water passage gap and the outer peripheral surface of the sample.

[0010] Furthermore, the lower end of the clamping screw is connected to the floating pressure pad through a spherical mating part, a disc spring assembly is provided between the floating pressure pad and the water pressure head, the floating pressure pad and the water pressure head are kept connected by a limiting connector with axial clearance, and the water pressure head is provided with a rotation limiting guide rod that slides with the gantry frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the support plate is detachably installed in the water collection cavity. The support plate has interconnected surface water guide grooves and through holes that penetrate the plate thickness. The bottom of the water collection cavity is inclined to the inlet of the metering pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the annular leak detection groove and the peripheral water receiving groove are respectively provided with low-level drain outlets, and both the leak detection pipe and the bypass pipe are provided with transparent observation sections. The two pipes extend downward from the corresponding drain outlets to the free drainage ends, and the two free drainage ends are spaced apart.

[0013] Furthermore, the water supply assembly includes a water storage tank, a water supply pump, and an inlet valve connected in sequence. The outlet of the water supply pump is connected to the water storage tank through a return water branch. The return water branch is equipped with a pressure regulating valve. The pressure head is equipped with a pressure gauge that is directly connected to the pressure chamber and an exhaust and pressure relief valve located at the top of the pressure chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the outlet of the venting and pressure relief valve is allowed to drain freely into the water storage tank through a pressure relief pipe, and the connection between the venting and pressure relief valve and the pressure chamber is located downstream of the inlet valve.

[0015] Furthermore, the measuring container is a weighing cup with a vented cover, and a weighing device is provided below the weighing cup. The outlet of the measuring tube extends into the cover and maintains a distance from the highest working liquid level of the weighing cup. The measuring tube is fixed by an independent bracket and does not contact the weighing cup.

[0016] Furthermore, the sample holder is fixed to the base by a positioning stop and a detachable fastener. The water pressure head and the sample holder are replaced according to the opening size of the pressure chamber. The water pressure head is provided with a splash guard on the outside, the lower end of which extends into the opening range of the peripheral water receiving groove. A gap is left between the splash guard and the sample.

[0017] The present invention provides a permeability testing device for water conservancy engineering building materials, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention reduces the chance of water flowing from the outer edge into the central metering container by combining an upper annular interception, a lower central collection, and peripheral water collection, and facilitates the detection of anomalies at the detection boundary. Its effectiveness depends on a good seal, unobstructed drainage, and proper sample preparation.

[0018] This invention uses a single lead screw for clamping, and the sample holder integrates support and partitioned drainage structures. The sealing ring, support plate, and sample holder are all removable for cleaning; by replacing the pressure head and sample holder, regular samples of different sizes can be tested. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the equipment and its water supply connection.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the fit between the pressure head, the sample, and the sample holder.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the zonal arrangement of the lower end face of the pressure head.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioned layout on the upper surface of the sample holder.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Base; 2-Gantry frame; 3-Sample holder; 4-Pressure head; 5-Pressure screw; 6-Floating pressure pad; 7-Disc spring assembly; 8-Spin limit guide rod; 9-Pressure chamber; 10-Inner sealing ring; 11-Outer sealing ring; 12-Annular leak detection groove; 13-Leak detection tube; 14-Water collection chamber; 15-Lower sealing ring; 16-Support plate; 17-Peripheral water receiving groove; 18-Bypass pipe; 19-Metering pipe; 20-Metering container; 21-Leak detection container; 22-Water storage tank; 23-Water supply pump; 24-Pressure regulating valve; 25-Inlet valve; 26-Pressure gauge; 27-Exhaust and pressure relief valve; 28-Limit step; 29-Sample; 30-Splash guard. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the base 1 is a rigid plate, and the two columns of the portal frame 2 are fixedly connected to the base 1. The crossbeam is located above the sample holder 3. The clamping screw 5 is located on the central axis of the sample holder 3, with a handwheel at its upper end and a spherical end at its lower end. The floating pressure pad 6 has a pressure-bearing concave surface that mates with the spherical end, and a retainer prevents the two from separating, so that the screw mainly transmits axial load when it rotates.

[0026] A disc spring assembly 7 is arranged below the floating pressure pad 6, and is housed in a shallow groove at the top of the pressure head 4. The floating pressure pad 6 and the pressure head 4 are connected by a shoulder limiting screw. The screw passes through a gap hole on the floating pressure pad 6, and its shoulder length is greater than the corresponding connection thickness, leaving room for the axial travel required for spring compression. When the lead screw rises, the screw head drives the pressure head 4 to rise through the floating pressure pad 6; when it descends, the load is mainly transmitted through the spring assembly, and the limiting screw does not act as a clamping stop.

[0027] The rotation-limiting guide rod 8 is fixed to the side of the pressure head 4 and passes through the guide hole on the gantry frame 2. An assembly gap is maintained between the guide hole and the guide rod to allow the pressure head 4 to make minor leveling adjustments. The guide rod does not bear the main clamping force; samples with excessive end face deflection should be re-machined or replaced.

[0028] The pressure head 4 and the sample holder 3 are made of water-resistant and rigid metal materials. Taking the circular sample 29 as an example, its outer diameter can be 120 mm and its thickness can be 30 mm, and the opening diameter of the pressure chamber 9 can be 80 mm. The inner sealing ring 10 and the outer sealing ring 11 are located in two concentric grooves on the outside of the opening, and the annular leak detection groove 12 is arranged between the two grooves. A continuous solid partition is maintained between each groove to prevent water leakage caused by accidental penetration of the machining channel.

[0029] The inner sealing ring 10, outer sealing ring 11, and lower sealing ring 15 can be flat annular gaskets made of water-resistant rubber. The upper and lower surfaces of the sample should be flat and free of loose particles in the sealing contact area, and the sealing ring should not cross any obvious missing corners. The free protrusion of the sealing ring should match the height of the limiting step 28. For example, the initial compression can be designed to be 10% to 20% of the free thickness of the sealing ring, and the final value should be adjusted according to the rubber hardness, groove width, and contact test.

[0030] The limiting steps 28 are distributed along the outer side of the outer sealing ring 11. The contact surface of the pressure-bearing section is flattened, and a sufficiently wide contact surface is used to reduce local indentations. After the limiting steps 28 contact the sample, the compression of the sealing ring is no longer increased by tightening the handwheel significantly. The support plate 16 cooperates with the lower sealing ring 15 so that when the sample is pressed down to the support plate 16, the lower sealing ring 15 still retains the set compression amount; the dimensions of the upper and lower stops control their respective sealing parts.

[0031] The water collection cavity 14 of the sample holder 3 is equipped with a support platform, on which the support plate 16 is placed and fixed with detachable fasteners. Cross-shaped water guide grooves and evenly distributed through holes are machined on the support plate 16. The grooves and holes are connected to reduce the possibility of a closed water pocket forming at the contact point between the back surface and the support plate. The plate thickness, hole diameter, and hole spacing are checked according to the sample stiffness and pressure; necessary supports cannot be omitted to increase the water flow area.

[0032] The inner boundary of the lower sealing ring 15 corresponds vertically to the opening of the pressure chamber 9 to form a clearly defined nominal central collection area. The peripheral water receiving groove 17 extends outward from the outside of the lower sealing ring 15, with its outer edge exceeding the outer perimeter of the sample 29, and is provided with a water-blocking edge higher than the bottom of the groove. The splash guard 30 is fixed to the periphery of the pressure head 4, with its lower end maintaining a gap with the side of the sample and falling within the horizontal projection range of the peripheral water receiving groove 17, guiding splashed water into the peripheral water receiving groove 17.

[0033] The drain hole of the annular leak detection tank 12 leads outward from inside the pressure head 4 and connects to the leak detection pipe 13. The peripheral water receiving tank 17 connects to the bypass pipe 18 through another drain hole. Both pipes are fixed with clamps and tilted downward, with their transparent sections close to their respective outlets to facilitate differentiation of the order of water output. The ends of the pipes are positioned above the leak detection container 21 and are not inserted into the liquid surface. The leak detection container should be replaced promptly when it approaches the maximum working liquid level. It is forbidden to submerge the drain outlet by raising the container.

[0034] The measuring tube 19 extends from the lowest point of the water collection chamber 14. No bend is installed inside the tube to prevent a noticeable water trap. The outlet extends into the cap hole of the measuring container 20. The cap has an independent vent. The measuring tube does not touch the cup wall or the liquid surface to avoid back pressure or transmitting mechanical force to the weighing device. For low-flow detection, the measuring container uses a windproof baffle, and blank evaporation changes are recorded over the same time period. The display resolution of the weighing device should not be directly considered as the overall detection limit of the machine.

[0035] Water from the storage tank 22 enters the pressure chamber 9 via the water supply pump 23 and the inlet valve 25. The pressure regulating valve 24 is located on the return water branch from the pump outlet to the storage tank. The water supply pump is a type suitable for small-flow water supply, and the return water branch maintains usable flow capacity and is equipped with independent overpressure protection matched to the design pressure. The pressure gauge 26 is connected to the side wall of the pressure chamber 9 to observe the pressure inside the chamber. The actual pressure borne by the sample cannot be estimated solely based on the pump outlet pressure.

[0036] The venting and pressure relief valve 27 is located at the highest venting position on the top of the pressure chamber 9, and the pipeline after the valve returns separately to the water level in the storage tank 22. The top surface of the pressure chamber 9 can be slightly tilted towards this position to reduce residual air bubbles. After the inlet valve 25 is closed, the venting and pressure relief valve 27 remains directly connected to the pressure chamber 9, and can discharge the isolated pressurized water; this pipeline does not pass through the metering container 20 or the leak detection container 21.

[0037] Before use, first clean the sealing contact surfaces, water guide grooves, and transparent tubes, and check whether the sealing ring is twisted or damaged. Install an impermeable calibration plate of the same shape into the equipment, apply water pressure according to the testing plan, and observe the central metering port and the two leak detection ports. If there is continuous water leakage, first eliminate problems with the clamps, joints, or residual drainage liquid before installing the actual sample. The calibration plate inspection can only check the status of the device and cannot prove that the actual sample and the sealing ring are necessarily well sealed.

[0038] The specimen is cured, conditioned, or saturated with water according to the predetermined plan. Its dimensions, thickness, surface condition, and pretreatment conditions are recorded. Then, it is placed centered on the specimen holder 3. The handwheel is turned to lower the pressure head 4. After the sealing ring contacts the specimen, the clamping is continued to tighten slowly until the upper and lower stops reach the predetermined contact state. The clamping load should be greater than the sum of the pressure chamber lifting force and the required sealing pre-tightening force, while not exceeding the specimen's permissible local bearing load.

[0039] For example, when the pressure chamber opening diameter is 80 mm and the gauge pressure inside the chamber is 0.20 MPa, the theoretical lifting force calculated from the pressure and opening area is approximately 1.01 kN. This value is only an example of load calculation and cannot be directly used as the lead screw preload or the rated load of the equipment. The frame, lead screw, pressure head, and connecting parts must also take into account the sealing preload, assembly eccentricity, and corresponding design margins, and the test pressure should also be consistent with the verification results of the specimen and equipment.

[0040] When filling with water, first open the venting and pressure relief valve 27, then slowly open the inlet valve 25 and supply water until water flows continuously from the vent pipe and there are basically no air bubbles. Then close the venting and pressure relief valve 27. Gradually adjust the pressure using the pressure regulating valve 24, and record the actual pressure and time after the pressure gauge 26 reading stabilizes. Observe both leak detection pipelines simultaneously during the pressurization process; if there is abnormal continuous water flow, the pressure cannot be maintained, or the sample ruptures, stop the water supply and depressurize.

[0041] After reaching the set pressure, record the time when the first recognizable water droplet appears at the central outlet, and then record the mass change of the measuring container 20 at the same time intervals. This time is the observation value under the specified pipeline and detection threshold, which includes the migration delay of water in the support plate, water collection chamber and measuring tube, and is not directly equivalent to the moment when penetration just occurs inside the sample. When comparing different samples, the residual liquid state of the device and the interpretation rules should be consistent.

[0042] During the period when neither of the two abnormal water channels reached the preset abnormal threshold and the pressure was within the allowable fluctuation range, the central collection water volume was obtained by subtracting the determined blank change from the metered mass increment and dividing it by the water density corresponding to the test water temperature; then, it was divided by the recording time and the opening area of ​​the pressure chamber to obtain the central permeability rate per unit pressure area. The report also lists the pressure, thickness, pretreatment status, timing interval, and weighing conditions for comparison.

[0043] If the leak detection tube 13 or bypass tube 18 produces water exceeding the blank and detection thresholds, the boundary anomaly for the corresponding time period should be marked, and the central collection volume for that time period should no longer be used as the complete permeability evaluation. Water emanating from the leak detection tube may originate from the sealing interface or from lateral seepage of the material into the annular leak detection groove area; water emanating from the bypass tube may also originate from the outer periphery of the sample. Abnormal water volume should not be simply subtracted from the central water volume, nor should the material be deemed unqualified solely based on abnormal water volume.

[0044] This equipment uses localized pressure and zoned collection to create comparative testing conditions, and three-dimensional seepage may exist inside the sample. Therefore, the central permeability rate per unit pressure area is not directly referred to as the intrinsic permeability coefficient of the material. Appropriate parameter conversions can only be performed after separately confirming the saturation state, effective flow area, one-dimensional flow boundary, and applicable hydraulic model. For samples where no central water flow is observed, it should be recorded that no central permeability was observed within the given pressure, duration, and detection limit.

[0045] After the test is completed, first stop the water supply, close the inlet valve 25, and then slowly open the venting and pressure relief valve 27. Only after confirming that the pressure gauge 26 has returned to zero and that the pressure relief pipe is no longer discharging pressurized water can the tightening screw 5 be loosened. Remove the sample, clean the support plate 16 and the two abnormal water collection areas; when comparing subsequent samples, treat the residual water according to the same procedure to prevent residual liquid from the previous sample from entering the next measurement range.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] For samples of different diameters or pressure ranges, keep the base 1, gantry frame 2, and water supply assembly unchanged, and replace the pressure head 4 and sample holder 3 as a complete set. The sample holder 3 is kept coaxial with the lead screw by the positioning stop, and the fasteners only bear the positioning and corresponding design load. Mark the opening area of ​​the pressure chamber of each component, and adjust the support plate 16 and sealing ring specifications accordingly to avoid mismatch between the upper and lower collection boundaries.

[0048] When testing rigid waterproof composite panels, the surface layer to be tested faces the pressure chamber 9, and the support plate 16 supports the back side. The results reflect the overall water permeability behavior of the surface layer and the substrate. Flexible films require separate design and verification of the support boundaries.

[0049] Measuring container 20 may also be a graduated cylinder, but central metering and abnormal drainage should be kept independent and free outflow should be maintained. The testing procedure is determined according to the material's intended use; a single observation does not replace a complete material quality evaluation.

[0050] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A water conservancy engineering building material permeability testing device, comprising a base (1), a portal frame (2) fixed to the base (1), a sample holder (3) installed on the base (1), a pressure head (4) located above the sample holder (3), a clamping assembly installed on the portal frame (2), and a water supply assembly connected to the pressure head (4), characterized in that: The lower end of the pressure head (4) is provided with a pressure chamber (9) facing the sample (29). An inner sealing ring (10) and an outer sealing ring (11) are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside of the pressure chamber (9). An annular leak detection groove (12) with an opening facing the surface of the sample (29) is provided between the two. The annular leak detection groove (12) is connected to the leak detection tube (13). The sample holder (3) is provided with a water collection chamber (14) opposite to the pressure chamber (9), a lower sealing ring (15) arranged around the water collection chamber (14), and a peripheral water receiving groove (15) located outside the lower sealing ring (15) and extending to the lower periphery of the sample (29). 7) A support plate (16) is provided in the water collection cavity (14). The water collection cavity (14) is connected to the metering container (20) via the metering pipe (19). The peripheral water receiving tank (17) is connected to the bypass pipe (18). The leak detection pipe (13) and the bypass pipe (18) respectively have free drainage ends located above the highest working liquid level of the leak detection container (21). The clamping assembly includes a single clamping screw (5) threadedly connected to the gantry frame (2) and a floating pressure pad (6) set between the clamping screw (5) and the pressure head (4) for making the pressure head (4) and the sample holder (3) jointly clamp the sample (29).

2. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner sealing ring (10), outer sealing ring (11) and lower sealing ring (15) are respectively embedded in the corresponding annular mounting groove; the water pressure head (4) is provided with a limiting step (28) on the outside of the outer sealing ring (11). Along the direction towards the sample (29), the contact surface of the limiting step (28) is retracted relative to the sealing contact surface of the uncompressed inner sealing ring (10) and outer sealing ring (11), and the upper surface of the support plate (16) is lower than the sealing contact surface of the uncompressed lower sealing ring (15).

3. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting step (28) includes at least three pressure-bearing sections spaced apart along the circumference, with a water passage gap connecting to the outside formed between adjacent pressure-bearing sections, and the outer edge of the peripheral water receiving groove (17) is located below and outside the water passage gap and the outer peripheral surface of the sample (29).

4. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the clamping screw (5) is connected to the floating pressure pad (6) through a spherical mating part. A disc spring assembly (7) is provided between the floating pressure pad (6) and the water pressure head (4). The floating pressure pad (6) and the water pressure head (4) are connected by a limiting connector with an axial clearance. The water pressure head (4) is provided with a rotation limiting guide rod (8) that slides with the portal frame (2).

5. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (16) is detachably installed in the water collection cavity (14). The support plate (16) has interconnected surface water guide grooves and through holes that penetrate the plate thickness. The bottom of the water collection cavity (14) is inclined to the inlet of the metering tube (19).

6. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular leak detection groove (12) and the peripheral water receiving groove (17) are respectively provided with low-level drain outlets. The leak detection pipe (13) and the bypass pipe (18) are both provided with transparent observation sections. The two pipes extend downward from the corresponding drain outlets to the free drainage ends, and the two free drainage ends are spaced apart.

7. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply assembly includes a water storage tank (22), a water supply pump (23) and an inlet valve (25) connected in sequence. The outlet of the water supply pump (23) is connected to the water storage tank (22) through a return water branch. The return water branch is equipped with a pressure regulating valve (24). The pressure head (4) is equipped with a pressure gauge (26) that is directly connected to the pressure chamber (9) and an exhaust pressure relief valve (27) located at the top of the pressure chamber (9).

8. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outlet of the venting and pressure relief valve (27) is drained freely into the water storage tank (22) through the pressure relief pipe. The connection position between the venting and pressure relief valve (27) and the pressure chamber (9) is located downstream of the water inlet valve (25).

9. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring container (20) is a weighing cup with a vented cover. A weighing device is provided below the weighing cup. The outlet of the measuring tube (19) extends into the cover and maintains a distance from the highest working liquid level of the weighing cup. The measuring tube (19) is fixed by an independent bracket and does not contact the weighing cup.

10. The water conservancy engineering building material penetration testing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample holder (3) is fixed to the base (1) by a positioning stop and a detachable fastener. The water pressure head (4) and the sample holder (3) are replaced according to the opening size of the pressure chamber (9). The water pressure head (4) is provided with a splash guard (30) on the outside, the lower end of which extends into the opening range of the peripheral water receiving groove (17). A gap is left between the splash guard (30) and the sample (29).

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