Flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device and experimental method for simulating blade fouling

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of petroleum chemical industry, and discloses a flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device and an experimental method for simulating blade fouling. The device comprises a blade, a gas supply assembly and a flame spraying gun. A first conveying channel is formed in the flame spraying gun. The inlet of the first conveying channel is connected with the gas supply assembly, and the outlet is arranged towards the blade. The gas supply assembly is used for conveying a gas flow to the first conveying channel. The gas flow is mixed with catalyst particles in the first conveying channel to form a mixed gas flow. The mixed gas flow and a flame jet formed by the flame spraying gun jointly wash the blade. Therefore, the flame jet sprayed by the flame spraying gun heats the mixed gas flow, so that the catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow can dynamically wash the blade at a temperature and flow rate similar to those of flue gas in the actual working condition of a flue gas turbine, thereby simulating the process that the blade is washed by the catalyst particles and forms fouling in the flue gas turbine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to petrochemical technology, specifically to an experimental apparatus for detecting fouling on flue gas turbine blades and an experimental method for simulating blade fouling. Background Technology

[0002] Catalytic cracking regeneration flue gas (680-750℃) contains enormous energy, with unrecovered energy accounting for approximately 26% of the unit's total energy consumption. Domestically and internationally, a combined flue gas turbine-waste heat boiler energy recovery system is widely adopted: high-temperature flue gas is purified through a three-stage cyclone separator to drive the flue gas turbine, which in turn powers the main fan and generates electricity. The flue gas, cooled by 100-150℃, is then treated by the waste heat boiler before being discharged. However, in recent years, due to adjustments in raw material processes and changes in catalyst properties, the problem of scale formation in the flue gas turbine has become prominent. Although the three-stage cyclone separation technology is now relatively mature, and the catalyst particle concentration and size at the flue gas turbine inlet meet standard requirements, the continuous impact of fine catalyst particles on the rotor under high-speed airflow still leads to particle adhesion and scale formation.

[0003] Current research on the mechanism of scale formation is mostly based on the analysis of industrial scale samples and statistical analysis of operational data. It lacks in-depth research, resulting in conclusions that often remain at the level of engineering experience and cannot fundamentally solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problem that existing technologies only provide industrial scale samples for blade scaling, which makes it impossible to conduct in-depth research and analysis of the scaling process mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus for fouling of flue gas turbine blades, comprising blades, an air supply assembly, and a flame torch; the flame torch has a first conveying channel formed inside; wherein, the inlet of the first conveying channel is connected to the air supply assembly, and the outlet of the first conveying channel is directed toward the blade; the air supply assembly is used to supply airflow to the first conveying channel; the airflow mixes with catalyst particles entering the first conveying channel to form a mixed airflow; the mixed airflow is sprayed toward the blade through the first conveying channel; and the flame torch is used to form a flame jet that can mix with the mixed airflow and jointly spray onto the blade, and to heat the catalyst particles in the mixed airflow.

[0006] Optionally, the flame gun has a second conveying channel inside, which is axially parallel to the first conveying channel; the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device further includes a gas conveying component, which is connected to the second conveying channel and is used to inject gas toward the blade through the second conveying channel and ignite it at the outlet of the second conveying channel to form a flame jet capable of heating the mixed gas flow.

[0007] Optionally, along the flow direction of the mixed airflow, the first conveying channel includes a gradually expanding conveying channel and a constant-diameter conveying channel. The inlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel is connected to the gas supply assembly, and the outlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel is opposite to the inlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel. The outlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel faces the blade, and the catalyst particles enter the flame gun from the gradually expanding conveying channel.

[0008] Optionally, multiple second conveying channels are provided, and the multiple second conveying channels are arranged around the equal-diameter conveying channel.

[0009] Optionally, the flame gun includes a nozzle and a gun sleeve connected to the nozzle, the gradually expanding conveying channel is formed inside the gun sleeve, and the constant diameter conveying channel and the second conveying channel are formed inside the nozzle.

[0010] Optionally, the gas delivery assembly includes a first gas tank and a second gas tank, both of which are connected to the spray gun sleeve to deliver combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas into the spray gun sleeve respectively, and after mixing in the spray gun sleeve, they are sprayed out through the second delivery channel.

[0011] Optionally, a mixing chamber is formed at one end of the spray gun sleeve connected to the nozzle, the mixing chamber being used for mixing the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas.

[0012] Optionally, the spray gun sleeve has a first air passage and a second air passage that communicate with the mixing chamber, and the first air passage and the second air passage are respectively connected to the first air tank and the second air tank.

[0013] Optionally, the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device further includes a heating box for heating the blades, wherein the blades are disposed in the heating box and spaced apart at the air inlet of the heating box, and the outlet of the first conveying channel is disposed in the air inlet.

[0014] Optionally, the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device further includes an exhaust assembly, which is connected to the outlet of the heating chamber and is used to draw gas from the heating chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the catalyst particles input into the first conveying channel are selected from catalyst particles separated from actual operating conditions.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention provides an experimental method for simulating blade fouling, wherein the experimental method is performed using the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus described above, and the experimental method includes: The experimental apparatus for fouling of the flue gas turbine blades was debugged to obtain debugging parameters, and the following were achieved: (1) In the first conveying channel, the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow is maintained within a preset concentration range; (2) The temperature of the mixed airflow and the flame jet after mixing is maintained within a preset temperature range; (3) The velocity of the mixed airflow and the flame jet that washes over the blades is maintained within a preset velocity range; Set the position of the blade according to the aforementioned debugging parameters; The blade is heated to maintain its temperature within a preset range. According to the aforementioned debugging parameters, airflow and catalyst particles are input into the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device to form the mixed airflow; According to the aforementioned debugging parameters, gas is input into the flue gas turbine blade scaling test device. After the flame gun forms a stable gas jet, the gas jet is ignited to form a flame jet, which mixes with the mixed airflow and sprays onto the blade. Once scaling has occurred on the blades and a predetermined time has elapsed, the experimental device for scaling of the flue gas turbine blades is suspended.

[0017] Optionally, the preset concentration range, the preset temperature range, and the preset flow rate range are the same as the catalyst particle concentration range, flue gas temperature range, and flue gas flow rate range in the flue gas turbine under actual operating conditions.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the gas supply component of the present invention sprays a mixed gas flow containing catalyst particles toward the blades through the first conveying channel, and at the same time heats the mixed gas flow through the flame jet sprayed by the flame gun, so that the catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow can dynamically scour the blades at a temperature and flow rate close to that of the flue gas in the actual operating conditions of the flue gas turbine, thereby simulating the process of the blades being scourd by catalyst particles and forming scale in the flue gas turbine, and providing experimental scale samples for the analysis of the scaling mechanism of the catalyst. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This invention relates to an experimental apparatus for scaling on flue gas turbine blades. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spray gun of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure of the spray gun of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Diagram of direction A in the middle; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the angle between the axis of the first nozzle and the blade.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 1. Heating box; 101. Fixed platform; 102. Air inlet; 103. Air outlet; 2. Blades; 3. First conveying channel; 301. Gradually expanding conveying channel; 302. Equal diameter conveying channel; 4. Air supply assembly; 401. Air storage tank; 402. Material storage tank; 403. Feeding channel; 404. Compressor; 5. Flame gun; 501. Nozzle; 502. Second conveying channel; 6. Air delivery assembly; 601. First air tank; 602. Spray gun sleeve; 603. Mixing chamber; 604. First air passage; 605. 606. Second gas tank; 607. Second gas duct; 608. Fixed sleeve; 709. Exhaust assembly; 7001. Exhaust fan; 701. Separator; 702. Condenser; 703. First pressure gauge; 9. First control valve; 10. First flow meter; 11. Temperature probe; 12. Flame jet; 13. Mixed airflow; 14. Second pressure gauge; 15. Second control valve; 16. Second flow meter; 17. Third flow meter; 18. Third control valve; 19. Third pressure gauge; 20. Fourth control valve; 21. Fourth pressure gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed description of the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present invention by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device of the present invention includes: blade 2, air supply assembly 4 and flame gun 5; The flame gun 5 has a first conveying channel 3 inside. The inlet of the first conveying channel 3 is connected to the gas supply component 4. The outlet of the first conveying channel 3 is directed toward the blade 2. The gas supply component 4 is used to supply airflow to the first conveying channel 3. The airflow mixes with the catalyst particles entering the first conveying channel 3 to form a mixed airflow 13. The mixed airflow 13 is sprayed toward the blade 2 through the first conveying channel 3. The flame gun 5 is used to form a flame jet 12 mixed with the mixed airflow 13. The flame jet 12 and the mixed airflow 13 are sprayed onto the blade 2 together. At the same time, the flame jet 12 can heat the mixed airflow 13.

[0023] The velocity of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 that flows onto the blade 2 can be equal to or close to the velocity of the flue gas in the flue gas turbine from the stationary blade outlet to the moving blade, so that when the catalyst particles act on the blade 2, the catalyst particles can have a velocity equal to or close to that of the catalyst particles in the flue gas.

[0024] The flame jet 12 can heat the mixed gas flow 13 so that when the catalyst particles act on the blade 2, they can have a temperature equal to or close to that of the flue gas.

[0025] Therefore, in this invention, the gas supply component 4 sprays a mixed gas flow 13 containing catalyst particles toward the blade 2 through the first conveying channel 3, and at the same time heats the mixed gas flow 13 through the flame jet 12 sprayed by the flame gun 5. This allows the catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13 to dynamically scour the blade 2 at a temperature and flow rate close to that of the flue gas in the actual operating conditions of the flue gas turbine, thereby simulating the process of the blade 2 being scourd by catalyst particles and forming scale in the flue gas turbine, and providing experimental scale samples for the analysis of the scaling mechanism of the catalyst.

[0026] refer to Figure 2 In one embodiment, a second conveying channel 502 may be formed inside the flame gun 5, and the second conveying channel 502 is axially parallel to the first conveying channel 3. The flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device also includes a gas delivery assembly 6, which is connected to the second conveying channel 502 and is used to inject gas towards the blade 2 through the second conveying channel 502. After being ignited by an ignition device (not shown) at the outlet of the second conveying channel 502, a flame jet 12 capable of heating the mixed gas flow 13 is formed.

[0027] The flow velocity of the combustion gas can be higher than that of the mixed gas flow 13, so that the pressure of the combustion gas is lower than that of the mixed gas flow 13. This causes a low-pressure zone (Bernoulli effect) to form around the flame jet 12 formed after the combustion gas is ignited, driving the mixed gas flow 13 to migrate towards and mix with the flame jet 12. At the same time, the temperature of the flame jet 12 formed after the combustion gas is ignited can also intensify the thermal motion of gas molecules in the mixed gas flow 13, further promoting mixing.

[0028] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 Multiple second conveying channels 502 are provided, surrounding the first conveying channel 3 to form an array of annular flame jets 12 surrounding the mixed gas flow 13, thereby creating a low-pressure zone surrounding the mixed gas flow 13. This arrangement aims to ensure that when the mixed gas flow 13 enters the area surrounded by the multiple flame jets 12, it can be divided into multiple sub-flows under the influence of pressure difference and mixed with the corresponding multiple flame jets 12, thereby improving the contact rate between the catalyst particles and the flame jets 12 and the heat transfer efficiency.

[0029] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 Along the flow direction of the mixed airflow 13, the first conveying channel 3 includes a gradually expanding conveying channel 301 and a constant-diameter conveying channel 302. The inlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 is connected to the air supply assembly 4. Along the inlet to outlet direction of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 gradually increases, making the catalyst particles entering the flame gun 5 from the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 more uniformly distributed in the airflow. Along the inlet to outlet direction of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302, the flow cross-section of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 remains unchanged. The inlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 is positioned opposite to the inlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301, and the outlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 is positioned towards the blade 2. See also... Figure 2 As shown, the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 is approximately conical in shape, and the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 is approximately cylindrical in shape. The outlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 and the inlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 are opposite to each other, and the diameter of the outlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301 is the same as the diameter of the inlet of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302. Thus, after the mixed gas flow 13 exits from the outlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel 301, it can flow into the constant-diameter conveying channel 302 due to inertia, and then be sprayed onto the blade 2, greatly reducing the amount of mixed gas flow 13 entering the second conveying channel 502 outside the constant-diameter conveying channel 302. Since the diameter of the second conveying channel 502 is smaller than that of the constant-diameter conveying channel 302, excessive catalyst particles entering the second conveying channel 502 can easily cause blockage, rendering the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device of this invention unusable.

[0030] The expanding angle of the first conveying channel 3 refers to the angle between the axis of the first conveying channel 3 and its expanding generatrix. This angle can be controlled within a range of less than 8 degrees to achieve a high degree of uniformity in the distribution of catalyst particles.

[0031] Specifically, the ratio of the cross-sectional area at the outlet of the first conveying channel 3 to the total cross-sectional area of ​​the multiple second conveying channels 502 can be set to 1.1:1 to 1.4:1 to avoid excessive injection of gas causing the temperature of the mixed gas flow 13 to be too high.

[0032] During the actual operation of the flue gas turbine, the angle of the direction at which the flue gas flows out from the stationary blades and impacts the surface of the moving blades is the included angle α.

[0033] Among them, reference Figure 5 The range of α is 25°-30°.

[0034] In this invention, the generatrix of the central region of the frontal surface of the blade 2 can be selected as the reference line, and the axis of the first conveying channel 3 forms an angle α with the reference line. Since the axis of the second conveying channel 502 is axially parallel to the first conveying channel 3, it can also form an angle α with the reference line, so as to improve the simulation degree of the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device of this invention in simulating the actual operation of the flue gas turbine.

[0035] The flame jet 12 is typically cylindrical or approximately conical, extending continuously along the injection direction. This invention ensures that the flame jets 12 output from multiple second delivery channels 502 act uniformly on the frontal surface of the blade 2 by adjusting the distance L between the directional controllable blade 2 and the outlet of the first delivery channel 3. With this design, the edge of each flame jet 12 will not extend beyond the central region of the blade 2, effectively avoiding the risk of large angular deviations caused by uneven distribution of the generatrix of the frontal surface of the blade 2.

[0036] The shape of the blade 2 in this invention can be the same as or similar to that of the blade 2 of an industrial flue gas turbine, for example, a saber-shaped design, to improve the simulation and matching degree of the device with reality.

[0037] In some embodiments, a temperature probe is provided on the path of the flame jet 12 and the mixed airflow 13 to the blade 2 to monitor the temperature of the mixed airflow 13 after mixing with the flame jet 12.

[0038] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the flame gun 5 includes a nozzle 501 and a gun sleeve 602 connected to the nozzle 501. The gun sleeve 602 has the aforementioned gradually expanding conveying channel 301 inside, and the nozzle 501 has the aforementioned equal-diameter conveying channel 302 and a second conveying channel 502 inside.

[0039] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 The gas delivery assembly 6 includes a first gas tank 601 and a second gas tank 605.

[0040] The first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 are both connected to the spray gun sleeve 602 to deliver combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas into the spray gun sleeve 602 respectively, and after mixing in the spray gun sleeve 602 to form a gas mixture, it is sprayed out through the second delivery channel 502.

[0041] In this invention, the combustion products of the flame jet 12 need to be controlled to be substances contained in the flue gas, such as CO2, H2O, etc., in order to eliminate chemical interference from components in non-flue gas on the experiment.

[0042] The combustible gas can be acetylene or natural gas, and the oxidizing gas can be oxygen.

[0043] Among them, the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 are high-pressure gas storage tanks. For example, their respective pressures can be 13 MPa. After passing through the pressure reducing valve, the gas pressure input into the flame gun 5 from the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 is 0.2 to 0.3 MPa.

[0044] A first pressure gauge 8, a first flow meter 10, and a first control valve 9 are provided on the first pipeline connecting the first gas tank 601 and the spray gun sleeve 602. A second pressure gauge 14, a second flow meter 16, and a second control valve 15 are provided on the second pipeline connecting the second gas tank 605 and the spray gun sleeve 602. These are used to control the flow rate of combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas delivered from the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 to the spray gun sleeve 602, so as to regulate the flow rate of the flame jet 12 ejected from the second delivery channel 502 and avoid the temperature of the mixed gas flow 13 from being too high.

[0045] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 The end of the spray gun sleeve 602 connected to the nozzle 501 is provided with a mixing chamber 603. The first gas tank 601, the second gas tank 605 and the second conveying channel 502 are all connected to the mixing chamber 603 so that the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas are mixed in the mixing chamber 603 and then sprayed out through the second conveying channel 502.

[0046] Meanwhile, as can be seen from the above, the present invention has multiple second conveying channels 502, and all of the multiple second conveying channels 502 are connected to the mixing chamber 603 to ensure that the multiple second conveying channels 502 simultaneously inject the mixed gas.

[0047] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 It can be seen that the second conveying channel 502 passes through the nozzle 501 along the axial direction of the nozzle 501 and is connected to the mixing chamber 603.

[0048] In addition, see Figure 2 As shown, the flame gun 5 also includes a retaining sleeve 607, which is used to detachably fix the nozzle 501 to the end of the flame gun sleeve 602 facing the blade 2.

[0049] The fixed sleeve 607 has an inwardly protruding annular protrusion on the outer circumference of one end, and the fixed sleeve 607 can be threadedly connected to the spray gun sleeve 602.

[0050] Among them, the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle 501 near the connection end is provided with an outwardly protruding annular protrusion.

[0051] It is understandable that when the fixing sleeve 607 is tightened on the spray gun sleeve 602, the inner protrusion of the fixing sleeve 607 and the outer protrusion of the nozzle 501 form an axial limit to restrict the nozzle 501 from moving toward the blade 2 along the direction of the mixed airflow 13.

[0052] This invention provides a first air passage 604 and a second air passage 606 within the spray gun sleeve 602, communicating with the mixing chamber 603. The first air passage 604 and the second air passage 606 are respectively connected to a first gas tank 601 and a second gas tank 605. This arrangement facilitates the operator's connection of the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 to the mixing chamber 603, allowing combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas to be introduced into the mixing chamber 603 for mixing, respectively.

[0053] The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade fouling may also include, for example: Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, a heating box 1 is used to heat the blade 2. The blade 2 is placed inside the heating box 1 at a distance L from the air inlet 102. The first conveying channel 3 can be placed inside the air inlet 102. A temperature probe 11 is also connected to the blade 2 to monitor the temperature of the blade 2 in real time.

[0054] The heating chamber 1 is equipped with an observation window for monitoring the scaling condition of the blades 2. Operators can also use a velocity measuring tool to measure the velocity of the mixture of the airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 through the observation window. Based on the test results, the distance L between the blades 2 and the outlet of the flame gun 5 is determined. It is particularly important to note that this distance L is calculated by comprehensively considering the requirement that the flame jet 12 acts uniformly on the central region of the blades 2's frontal surface, to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the design.

[0055] In this invention, the simulated flue gas velocity is 90-105 m / s, and the preferred range of distance L is 250 mm-300 mm.

[0056] Among them, the velocity measuring tool can be a PIV particle image velocimeter.

[0057] In some embodiments, a fixed platform 101 is provided inside the heating box 1. One side of the fixed platform 101 abuts against the wall surface of the heating box 1 where the air inlet 102 is located, and the blade 2 is disposed on the fixed platform 101.

[0058] The fixed platform 101 may include refractory bricks.

[0059] The heating box 1 may include a high-temperature electric furnace.

[0060] An exhaust assembly 7 can be connected to the outlet 103 of the heating box 1. The exhaust assembly 7 is used to exhaust the gas in the heating box 1 so that the heating box 1 is always in a slightly negative pressure state, thereby reducing the resistance to entering the heating box 1 and flowing to the blade 2 position, so as to reduce the rate of decrease of the flow rate of the cracking regeneration flue gas in the heating box 1.

[0061] The exhaust assembly 7 may include a cyclone separator 702 connected to the outlet 103 of the heating chamber 1, a condenser 703 connected to the cyclone separator 702, and an induced draft fan 701 connected to the condenser 703. The induced draft fan 701 draws in the gas from the heating chamber 1, and after separation by the cyclone separator 702 and cooling and purification by the condenser 703, the gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the outlet of the induced draft fan 701.

[0062] The pipe connecting the induced draft fan 701 and the condenser 703 is equipped with a fourth control valve 20, which is used to control the opening and closing of the pipe.

[0063] The heating chamber 1 may be equipped with a fourth pressure gauge 21 to detect the pressure inside the heating chamber 1.

[0064] In this invention, the operator can adjust the distance L by adjusting the value of the distance L based on the attenuation of the flame jet 12 and the mixed airflow 13 in the heating box 1 as displayed by the PIV particle image velocimeter, so that the flow velocity of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 that washes over the blade 2 can be close to the flow velocity of the flue gas at the inlet of the flue gas turbine.

[0065] In some embodiments, the gas supply assembly 4 includes a gas storage tank 401 and a material storage tank 402. The gas storage tank 401 is connected to the inlet of the first conveying channel 3, and the material storage tank 402 is connected to the first conveying channel 3 through a feeding channel 403, so as to input gas and catalyst particles into the first conveying channel 3, and spray them out after mixing.

[0066] Among them, the air storage tank 401 can store high-pressure air.

[0067] Among them, see Figure 2 As shown, the feed channel 403 connected to the storage tank 402 can penetrate the wall of the spray gun sleeve 602 in a vertical direction and communicate with the first conveying channel 3, and the feed channel 403 is set close to the inlet of the first conveying channel 3.

[0068] In this invention, the concentration of catalyst particles in the adjustable mixed gas flow 13 is also close to the concentration of catalyst in the flue gas.

[0069] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The storage tank 402 may include a funnel containing catalyst particles inside. The funnel may be positioned above the spray gun sleeve 602 in the vertical direction and connected to the first conveying channel 3 through a feed channel 403 disposed within the spray gun sleeve 602.

[0070] In this process, high-speed air creates a low-pressure zone within the first conveying channel 3, driving the catalyst particles in the funnel into the nozzle under the influence of the pressure difference. Because the high-speed airflow within the first conveying channel 3 maintains a stable flow, a relatively stable dynamic pressure difference balance is maintained between the first conveying channel 3 and the outside of the spray gun sleeve 602. Under these conditions, the catalyst particles can be continuously and uniformly fed, thus keeping the number of catalyst particles carried per unit volume of high-speed air constant, ensuring the stability of the catalyst concentration in the mixed gas flow 13.

[0071] In this invention, the diameter ratio of the connecting section between the feed channel 403 and the first conveying channel 3, which connects to the feed channel 403, can be set to 1:2 to 1:4. It is worth noting that the velocity variation of high-speed air is significantly higher than the response rate of the catalyst particle velocity. Therefore, this invention can achieve dynamic control of the catalyst particle concentration in the mixed gas flow 13 by adjusting the high-speed air velocity.

[0072] In some embodiments, the air tank 401 is connected to a compressor 404, which is used to maintain the pressure in the air tank 401 at a constant pressure of 0.1-0.7 MPa. At the same time, a third control valve 18, a third pressure gauge 19 and a third flow meter 17 are provided on the third pipeline connecting the air tank 401 to the inlet of the first delivery channel 3, so as to control the opening and closing of the pipeline and the intake volume of high-velocity air supplied by the air tank 401 to the spray gun sleeve 602.

[0073] It is understood that the present invention can further increase the diameter ratio between a single second conveying channel 502 and the first conveying channel 3 by increasing the number of second conveying channels 502 while keeping the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first conveying channel 3 to the total cross-sectional area of ​​the second conveying channel 502 constant. This arrangement aims to increase the gas flow rate by reducing the flow area of ​​a single second conveying channel 502, given a constant pressure drop at both ends of the second conveying channel 502. This ensures that even when the gas pressure in the mixing chamber 603 is lower than the inlet pressure of the first conveying channel 3, the gas flow rate at the outlet of the second conveying channel 502 is higher than the flow rate of the mixed gas flow 13 at the outlet of the first conveying channel 3.

[0074] In this invention, the control valve can be a ball valve, and the flow meter can be a rotor flow meter.

[0075] In addition, another aspect of the present invention provides an experimental method for simulating scaling on blade 2, which uses the flue gas turbine blade scaling experimental device described above, and the experimental method includes: a commissioning stage and an experimental stage.

[0076] The commissioning phase includes: commissioning the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device, obtaining commissioning parameters, and ensuring that: (1) In the first conveying channel 3, the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13 is maintained within a preset concentration range; (2) The temperature of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 after mixing is maintained within the preset temperature range; (3) The velocity of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 that washes over the blade 2 is maintained within the preset velocity range.

[0077] Specifically, the experimental setup for flue gas turbine blade fouling was debugged to obtain debugging parameters, including: 1. Adjust the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13: 1) Start the pressurizer 404 to pressurize the gas storage tank 401 and pre-load the catalyst into the funnel; 2) Start the third control valve 18. After running for a period of time, close the third control valve 18 and weigh the remaining catalyst particles in the funnel. Read the value of the third flow meter 17 to calculate the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13, and adjust the opening of the third control valve 18 according to the concentration. Repeat the above steps until the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13 can be maintained within the range of catalyst particle concentration in the flue gas under actual operating conditions. For example, the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13 is close to or the same as the concentration of catalyst particles in the flue gas under actual operating conditions. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow 13 can be greater than the concentration of catalyst particles in the flue gas under actual operating conditions to shorten the scaling time on the blade 2.

[0078] 2. Adjust the temperature after the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 are mixed: 1) Simultaneously start the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 15, and ignite the gas jet using an ignition device after the flame gun 5 forms a stable gas jet. It should be noted that when the gas pressure in the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 is high, a relatively stable gas jet can generally be formed when the gas is input into the flame gun 5 and ejected from the flame gun 5; when the gas pressure in the first gas tank 601 and the second gas tank 605 is low, for example, after the flue gas turbine blade scaling experimental device of the present invention has been used for a period of time, the pressure fluctuation detected by the corresponding first pressure gauge and second pressure gauge 14 can be used to determine whether the flame gun 5 has formed a stable gas jet.

[0079] 2) Start the third control valve 18 according to the opening degree of the third control valve 18 mentioned above.

[0080] 3) Measure the temperature of the mixture after the gas flow 13 and the flame jet 12 are mixed using a temperature probe; 4) Based on the temperature value, the flow rate of the gas is adjusted by changing the opening of the first control valve 9 and the second control valve 15, so as to change the temperature of the mixed gas flow 13 and the flame jet 12 until the temperature of the mixed gas flow 13 and the flame jet 12 can be maintained within the temperature range of the flue gas under actual operating conditions. For example, the temperature of the mixed gas flow 13 and the flame jet 12 is close to or the same as the temperature of the flue gas under actual operating conditions.

[0081] 3. Adjust the flow velocities of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 as they reach the blade 2: 1) Open the exhaust assembly 7 to maintain a slightly negative pressure inside the heating chamber 1; 2) Using a PIV particle image velocimeter, the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 are photographed through the observation window on the heating box 1. Based on the velocity decay of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 in the heating box 1 after mixing, the distance L between the blade 2 and the inlet of the heating box 1 is determined so that the velocity of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 after mixing is maintained within the velocity range of the flue gas in the flue gas turbine under actual operating conditions. For example, the velocity of the mixed airflow 13 and the flame jet 12 after mixing and flowing onto the blade 2 is close to or the same as the velocity of the flue gas in the flue gas turbine under actual operating conditions.

[0082] The experimental phase includes: Set the position of blade 2 according to the debugging parameters; The blade 2 is heated to maintain its temperature within the preset range. According to the commissioning parameters, airflow and catalyst particles are input into the flue gas turbine blade fouling test device to form a mixed airflow 13; According to the debugging parameters, the gas is input into the flue gas turbine blade scaling test device. After the flame gun 5 forms a stable gas jet, the gas jet is ignited to form a flame jet 12, which is mixed with the mixed airflow 13 and sprayed onto the blade 2. Once scale has formed on blade 2 and a predetermined time has elapsed, the flue gas turbine blade scaling test device will be shut down.

[0083] Specifically, the experimental phase includes: 1) According to the debugging parameters obtained in the above debugging stage, fix blade 2 at a distance L from the inlet of heating box 1; 2) Turn on the heating box 1 to heat the blade 2 so that the temperature of the blade 2 is close to or the same as the temperature of the blade 2 in the flue gas turbine under actual working conditions. 3) Open the exhaust assembly 7 to maintain a slight negative pressure inside the heating chamber 1; 4) Open the third control valve 18 according to the opening degree of the third control valve 18 during the commissioning stage to form a stable mixed airflow 13. At the same time, open the corresponding first and second control valves 15 according to the opening degree of the first and second control valves 15 during the commissioning stage. After the flame gun 5 forms a stable gas jet, ignite it with the ignition device to form a flame jet 12, which mixes with the mixed airflow 13 and sprays onto the blade 2.

[0084] 5) After the mixed airflow 13 and flame jet 12 have washed over the blade 2, the operation of the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus is paused after a predetermined time. The blade 2 is then removed from the heating chamber 1 after cooling, and the fouling on the blade 2 is analyzed. It is understood that the predetermined time refers to the time required for a certain thickness of fouling to form on the blade 2, providing sufficient material for analysis by the experimental personnel. According to the experimental method for simulating blade fouling of the present invention, after the mixed airflow 13 and flame jet 12 have washed over the blade 2, fouling can occur on the blade 2 in a relatively short time. In some embodiments, fouling can occur on the blade 2 within 30 seconds after the mixed airflow 13 and flame jet 12 have washed over the blade 2. To generate a fouling thickness sufficient for analysis, the operation of the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus is paused 1-3 minutes after the mixed airflow 13 and flame jet 12 have washed over the blade 2. For example, the operation of the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus is paused two minutes after the mixed airflow 13 and flame jet 12 have washed over the blade 2.

[0085] In actual operation, the flue gas generated by the FCC unit regenerator is first separated and purified by a cyclone separator to remove catalyst particles before flowing into the flue gas turbine. According to the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus of the present invention, the catalyst particles input to the flame torch 5 can be selected from the catalyst particles separated by the cyclone separator under actual operating conditions, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization and process optimization, and further improving the simulation accuracy of the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus of the present invention for flue gas turbines under actual operating conditions.

[0086] This invention can also perform scaling performance tests on different types of catalysts, thereby developing new catalysts based on the scaling data formed on the blade 2 to adapt to oil refining processes.

[0087] Meanwhile, flue gas turbine blades 2 with different wear-resistant coatings can also be used as test pieces to test the performance of catalyst scaling. The research results are conducive to the development of new coating materials for flue gas turbine blades 2.

[0088] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe various possible combinations separately. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for fouling of flue gas turbine blades, characterized in that, include: Leaf (2); Gas supply assembly (4); and, Flame gun (5), the flame gun (5) has a first conveying channel (3) formed inside; The inlet of the first conveying channel (3) is connected to the gas supply component (4), and the outlet of the first conveying channel (3) is set to face the blade (2). The gas supply component (4) is used to supply airflow to the first conveying channel (3). The airflow is mixed with the catalyst particles entering the first conveying channel (3) to form a mixed airflow (13). The mixed airflow (13) is sprayed towards the blade (2) through the first conveying channel (3). The flame gun (5) is used to form a flame jet (12) that can mix with the mixed airflow (13) and jointly spray onto the blade (2), and heat the catalyst particles in the mixed airflow (13).

2. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame gun (5) has a second conveying channel (502) inside, and the second conveying channel (502) is axially parallel to the first conveying channel (3); The flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device also includes a gas delivery component (6), which is connected to the second delivery channel (502) and is used to inject gas toward the blade (2) through the second delivery channel (502) and ignite it at the outlet of the second delivery channel (502) to form a flame jet (12) capable of heating the mixed gas flow (13).

3. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the flow direction of the mixed airflow (13), the first conveying channel (3) includes a gradually expanding conveying channel (301) and a constant diameter conveying channel (302). The inlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel (301) is connected to the gas supply assembly (4), and the outlet of the gradually expanding conveying channel (301) is opposite to the inlet of the constant diameter conveying channel (302). The outlet of the constant diameter conveying channel (302) faces the blade (2), and the catalyst particles enter the flame gun (5) from the gradually expanding conveying channel (301).

4. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple second conveying channels (502) are provided, and multiple second conveying channels (502) are arranged around the equal diameter conveying channel (302).

5. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flame gun (5) includes a nozzle (501) and a gun sleeve (602) connected to the nozzle (501). The gradually expanding conveying channel (301) is formed inside the gun sleeve (602), and the equal diameter conveying channel (302) and the second conveying channel (502) are formed inside the nozzle (501).

6. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gas delivery assembly (6) includes a first gas tank (601) and a second gas tank (605). Both the first gas tank (601) and the second gas tank (605) are connected to the spray gun sleeve (602) to deliver combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas into the spray gun sleeve (602) respectively, and after mixing in the spray gun sleeve (602), they are sprayed out through the second delivery channel (502).

7. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 6, characterized in that, A mixing chamber (603) is formed at one end of the spray gun sleeve (602) connected to the nozzle (501), and the mixing chamber (603) is used for mixing the combustible gas and the combustion-supporting gas.

8. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 7, characterized in that, The spray gun sleeve (602) has a first air passage (604) and a second air passage (606) that communicate with the mixing chamber (603). The first air passage (604) and the second air passage (606) are respectively connected to the first air tank (601) and the second air tank (605).

9. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device also includes a heating box (1) for heating the blade (2), the blade (2) is arranged in the heating box (1) and spaced apart at the air inlet (102) of the heating box (1), and the outlet of the first conveying channel (3) is arranged in the air inlet (102).

10. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to claim 9, characterized in that, The flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental device also includes an exhaust component (7), which is connected to the outlet (103) of the heating box (1) and is used to draw gas from the heating box (1).

11. The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The catalyst particles input into the first conveying channel (3) are selected from catalyst particles separated from actual working conditions.

12. An experimental method for simulating blade scaling, characterized in that, The experimental method is carried out using the flue gas turbine blade fouling experimental apparatus according to any one of claims 1-11, and the experimental method includes: The experimental apparatus for flue gas turbine blade scaling was debugged to obtain debugging parameters, and the following were achieved: (1) Within the first conveying channel (3), the concentration of catalyst particles in the mixed gas flow (13) is maintained within a preset concentration range; (2) The temperature of the mixed airflow (13) and the flame jet (12) after mixing is maintained within a preset temperature range; (3) The flow velocity of the mixed airflow (13) and the flame jet (12) that washes over the blade (2) is maintained within a preset flow velocity range; Set the position of the blade (2) according to the aforementioned debugging parameters; The blade (2) is heated so that the temperature of the blade (2) is maintained within the preset range of blade temperature; According to the aforementioned debugging parameters, airflow and catalyst particles are input into the flue gas turbine blade fouling test device to form the mixed airflow (13). According to the debugging parameters, the gas is input into the flue gas turbine blade fouling test device. After the flame gun (5) forms a stable gas jet, the gas jet is ignited to form a flame jet (12), which is mixed with the mixed airflow (13) and sprayed onto the blade (2). After scaling occurs on the blade (2) and a predetermined time has elapsed, the operation of the flue gas turbine blade scaling test device is suspended.

13. The experimental method for simulating blade scaling according to claim 12, characterized in that, The preset concentration range, the preset temperature range, and the preset flow rate range are the same as the catalyst particle concentration range, flue gas temperature range, and flue gas flow rate range in the flue gas turbine under actual operating conditions.

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