One-time fusion ring network box operation monitoring method and system based on multi-source data fusion

Abstract

The application discloses a primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring method and system based on multi-source data fusion and relates to the technical field of electrical equipment monitoring. The method reads primary wiring, switch position and channel calibration information, collects primary electrical quantity, secondary action quantity, mechanical vibration, partial discharge and thermal environment data; confirms a physical event according to the action response of two independent data sources, corrects the clock offset, drift and response delay of each source; updates the primary wiring relationship according to the switch position and calculates the current and power conservation, action time sequence, thermal response and partial discharge cross-source consistency residual error; uses independent data and physical constraints other than the target data source to construct substitute data, distinguishes primary equipment abnormalities, secondary action chain abnormalities, collection communication abnormalities and insufficient evidence according to the residual error change before and after replacement, and performs directional supplementary collection when the evidence is insufficient. The monitoring process does not change the protection setting value and the independent protection path of the protection outlet to the tripping circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical equipment operation status measurement and monitoring technology, specifically to a method and system for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion. Background Technology

[0002] The integrated primary and secondary ring main unit combines load switches, circuit breakers, instrument transformers, protection devices, distribution terminals, and communication units within the same power distribution equipment. It can collect data such as current, voltage, switch position, protection actions, and environmental conditions. To expand condition monitoring capabilities, some units are also equipped with sensing channels for mechanical vibration, coil current, partial discharge, and connection temperature.

[0003] The aforementioned data is generated by different measuring elements, acquisition devices, and communication links, resulting in variations in sampling periods, timestamp references, transmission delays, and response speeds. Existing monitoring methods typically splice data according to message time or set thresholds for multiple monitored quantities and then aggregate alarms, making it difficult to determine whether primary current changes, secondary action records, and mechanical responses belong to the same switch action. When the switch position changes, the branches involved in current and power balance also change. If fixed wiring relationships are still used for judgment, it is easy to produce results that do not match the actual operating conditions.

[0004] Furthermore, sensor drift, channel mapping errors, message loss, and communication buffer anomalies can also cause measurement discrepancies. It is difficult to distinguish between primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, and acquisition communication anomalies based solely on a single out-of-limit value or a comprehensive score; when evidence is insufficient, comprehensively increasing the sampling rate of all channels will also increase the communication and storage burden. Therefore, an operational monitoring method is needed that can perform cross-source event alignment, is constrained by primary wiring relationships, and can verify the source of abnormal data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of time misalignment, topology mismatch, and the mixing of equipment anomalies and data source anomalies in primary and secondary integrated ring network boxes caused by the formation of various types of operational data from different measurement links, this invention provides a method and system for monitoring the operation of primary and secondary integrated ring network boxes based on multi-source data fusion. Without changing relay protection settings, blocking protection outputs, or issuing monitoring action commands to primary switches, this method establishes a unified event time using the cross-source physical responses of switch actions, updates the primary wiring relationship according to the actual switch position, and distinguishes between primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, acquisition communication anomalies, and insufficient evidence through physical consistency residuals and target data source replacement.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, one aspect of the present invention provides a method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion, comprising steps S1 to S6.

[0007] Step S1 involves reading the primary wiring, switch positions, and channel calibration information of the integrated primary and secondary ring main unit, establishing source identifiers for the data channels, and collecting primary electrical quantities, secondary action quantities, mechanical vibration, partial discharge, and thermal environment data. The primary wiring is used to characterize the electrical connections between incoming units, busbars, outgoing units, tie units, load switches, circuit breakers, and grounding switches. Channel calibration information includes the correspondence between the data channel and the measured part, measurement ratio, polarity, range, measurement accuracy, sampling period, communication path, and calibration version. When different acquisition devices measure the same physical quantity, separate source identifiers are established to maintain the verification relationship between different measurement links.

[0008] Step S2 involves extracting the response time of the same switch action from two independent data sources, and identifying the response combination that conforms to the causal sequence of the switch action as a physical event. Specifically, the moment of state change is extracted from the opening / closing command or protection output, the opening / closing coil current, the mechanism vibration, the auxiliary contacts, and the primary current. Switch actions can sequentially form interrelated responses in the control output, coil energization, mechanism movement, main circuit current, and auxiliary contacts. Therefore, this physical process is used to establish an event correspondence across data sources, rather than directly assuming the absolute time recorded by any one acquisition device as the correct time of other devices.

[0009] Step S3: Based on the physical event, correct the clock offset, clock drift, and response delay of each data source, convert the local time of each data source to a unified physical time, and form an event evidence set according to the pre-event state, action transition state, and post-event state. The local time recorded by data source s for physical event e. The response time was obtained after conversion. The time conversion relationship is expressed as follows:

[0010] In the formula, This is the clock rate correction factor for the data source s, used to correct the speed deviation of the local clock accumulated over time. The clock offset of the data source 's' is used to correct for a fixed time difference. Different response types also have response delays resulting from sensor response, filtering, message buffering, and switching mechanism operation. Let the uniform physical event time of physical event e be... The ideal correspondence is:

[0011] In terms of physical event time As a common undetermined quantity, it is determined within the allowable response range for the corresponding response type. And based on the response time deviation of the same physical event in different data sources and the cumulative deviation between physical events in different time periods, the results are obtained jointly. and When the number of physical events is insufficient to distinguish between clock drift and fixed offset, maintain... The value is set to 1, and the uncertainty interval of the unified physical time is expanded until subsequent physical events accumulate before updating. Local time, converted response time, clock skew, response delay, and uniform physical event time all use the same time unit, and the clock rate correction factor is dimensionless.

[0012] Step S4: Update the primary wiring relationship based on the switch positions in the event evidence set. Calculate the current and power conservation residuals, switch action timing residuals, thermal response residuals, and partial discharge cross-source consistency residuals under the updated primary wiring relationship. Based on the actual positions of the load switch, circuit breaker, and grounding switch, ensure the corresponding branches in the primary wiring are in a conducting, disconnected, or grounded state. Branches in open positions do not participate in the current conservation calculation for the normal power supply path; branches in closed positions participate in node current balancing according to the wiring direction. When the grounding switch is in the closed position, the corresponding branch is set up with a verification relationship according to the grounding state and is not treated as a normally energized branch.

[0013] For a node to be inspected in a single wiring operation, let the set of branches associated with that node be . Nodal current conservation residual Represented as:

[0014] In the formula, Given the set of associated branches of the node to be tested, the summation operation is performed on the set. Branch i in the middle is executed; For the switch position of branch i The direction coefficient is determined by the current reference direction. It is 0 for branches that are disconnected, positive for branches that are conducting and flowing into the node, and negative for branches that are conducting and flowing out of the node. For branch i, the current phasor is within the same unified physical time window; This is the current reference value corresponding to the current operating state; The minimum normalized current value is positive; the symbol |·| represents the phasor magnitude. Max( , This ensures that the normalized denominator remains positive under low load or near-zero current conditions, and that the numerator and denominator have the same current dimension.

[0015] For a wiring area that simultaneously measures both incoming and outgoing power, let the number of conductive outgoing lines be... The difference between the incoming power and the outgoing power is ΔP:

[0016] Power conservation residual Represented as:

[0017] In the formula, The number of conducting lines participating in this power conservation calculation. To conduct the input active power of the incoming line, Let j be the output active power of the j-th conducting line. , [This represents the allowable loss range of the conductive circuit corresponding to the ring main unit.] This is the power reference value corresponding to the current operating state. This is the minimum positive power normalized value. `dist` represents the distance from the value to the closed interval, and is 0 when `ΔP` is within the allowable loss range. The allowable loss range is determined based on product temperature rise tests, conductive circuit parameters, or confirmed normal operation records, and is not extended in reverse using data from the current anomaly window.

[0018] The timing residual of the switching action is determined based on the deviation between the uniform physical time difference and the allowable response interval between adjacent physical responses. Let the number of valid adjacent response relationships be... The time difference between the m-th adjacent responses is Its allowed range is [ , ],and Greater than Then the action timing residual Represented as:

[0019] In the formula, Greater than or equal to 1; not calculated when there is no valid adjacent response relationship. And mark it as unavailable. By retaining the response position corresponding to each action timing residual, identify the situations where the control output does not reach the coil detection end, the mechanism does not move after the coil is energized, the main circuit does not change according to the primary wiring relationship after the mechanism moves, and the primary current has changed but the auxiliary contacts have not changed position.

[0020] The thermal response residual is determined based on the time correlation between the heat generation change caused by the load current, the measured temperature change at the conductive connection point, and the ambient temperature change inside the cabinet. The predicted temperature of the conductive connection point at the (k+1)th sampling time is expressed as:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, The measured temperature of the conductive connection at the k-th sampling time is... The ambient temperature inside the cabinet. This represents the equivalent thermal resistance from the corresponding connection point to the environment. This is the equivalent resistance of the conductive connection. The equivalent current used for heating calculation, Δt is the temperature sampling interval, and τ is the thermal time constant using the same time unit as Δt. · · 2 (k) has the dimension of temperature difference, the exponential term -Δt / τ is a dimensionless quantity, and the attenuation coefficient is... The value of is greater than 0 and not greater than 1; 'pred' in the predicted temperature symbol represents the predicted value. The measured temperature at the monitored location, the ambient temperature inside the cabinet, and the predicted temperature all use the same temperature scale; the unit of equivalent thermal resistance is Kelvin per watt, the unit of equivalent resistance at conductive connections is ohms, the unit of equivalent current is amperes, and the allowable deviation and the temperature difference normalization benchmark use the same temperature difference unit. Let the allowable deviation of temperature measurement and the thermal model be . The positive temperature difference normalization benchmark is Then the thermal response residual Represented as:

[0023] The cross-source consistency residual for partial discharge is determined based on the unified physical time, power frequency phase, propagation delay, and cabinet location of pulse events in different discharge detection channels. The original amplitudes of different partial discharge detection channels are not directly added; instead, the tests examine whether the responses of different measurement mechanisms occur within the time range determined by the propagation distance, whether the pulse events form a repeatable phase distribution across multiple power frequency cycles, and whether the installation locations of the corresponding sensors support the same discharge location. Pulse amplitude, pulse energy, and frequency band characteristics calculated from the same partial discharge sensor signal are grouped into the same evidence family.

[0024] Let the time consistency component of partial discharge be... The power frequency phase consistency component is The propagation delay consistency component is All three components are dimensionless according to the distance from the corresponding deviation to the allowable range, and the partial discharge cross-source consistency residual is... Represented as:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, , and These are non-negative weights for time consistency, power frequency phase consistency, and propagation delay consistency, respectively. When the corresponding sensor installation locations cannot support the same discharge location, pulses without spatial correspondence are not forced to form the same verification event; if there are insufficient valid independent verification items, they are not calculated. And mark it as unavailable.

[0027] Step S5: For the target data source involved in the residual calculation, construct alternative data based on independent data sources other than the target data source and the updated primary wiring relationship. Replace the target data with the alternative data and recalculate the residuals. Determine whether the target data source constitutes an abnormal source based on the change in residuals before and after the replacement. Convert each physical residual into dimensionless residuals according to the corresponding measurement accuracy and allowable deviation. Assume there are currently M available residual components, and the l-th residual component is... The corresponding weight is ,and If the sum of the weights from l=1 to M is greater than or equal to 0, then the total residual before replacement is 1. Represented as:

[0028] When a physical constraint is unavailable in the current topology or data state, the corresponding residual component is removed from the current calculation, and the remaining weights are renormalized. The weights are determined based on measurement uncertainty, data integrity, and the applicability of the physical constraints, and are not temporarily adjusted according to the residual direction of the current anomaly window.

[0029] For the target data source s, redundant measurements from the same location obtained through different sampling channels are prioritized to construct alternative data. If no direct redundant measurements exist, alternative data is obtained based on measurements from other branches in the primary wiring, current and power conservation relationships, the causal sequence of switching actions, or thermal response relationships. Keeping other data and the primary wiring state unchanged, the total residual after replacing the target data source with the alternative data is obtained. .set up The minimum positive residual normalized value represents the outlier contribution of the target data source s. Represented as:

[0030] In the formula, max[0, x] represents taking the larger value between 0 and x. Since all residual components are non-negative, The value is limited to the range of 0 to 1. When multiple independent physical residuals related to the target data source decrease synchronously after the target data source is replaced, and the anomalous contribution reaches the judgment condition of the corresponding data source, the target data source is identified as the anomalous source. The current output by the same current measuring element and the power, harmonics, or other derived quantities calculated from that current are grouped into the same evidence family and cannot be used as independent verification evidence.

[0031] Step S6: Based on the source of the anomaly and the distribution of each physical residual in the primary equipment, secondary action chain, and data acquisition and communication link, output the operation monitoring results for primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, acquisition and communication anomalies, or insufficient evidence. When multiple independent pieces of evidence from different measurement mechanisms jointly support the same equipment node at a unified physical time, primary wiring position, and equipment spatial position, and replacing a single data source cannot eliminate the corresponding physical residual, output a primary equipment anomaly. When a circuit breaker command or protection output has occurred, but the coil current, mechanism vibration, auxiliary contacts, and primary current do not respond according to the causal sequence of switch actions, output a secondary action chain anomaly based on the location of the response interruption. When replacing the target data source reduces the relevant physical residual, and other independent data sources re-satisfy the primary wiring relationship or the causal sequence of switch actions, output an acquisition and communication anomaly and mark the target data source.

[0032] Supplementary data acquisition tasks have a task identifier, target channel, acquisition period, triggering conditions, and recovery conditions. Data generated during supplementary acquisition re-enters the physical event identification, time correction, physical residual calculation, source replacement, and anomaly separation processes. Once supplementary acquisition is completed or the task termination conditions are met, the system returns to normal acquisition status. Supplementary acquisition only changes the sampling frequency, waveform recording status, or confirms the operating status of the monitoring channel; it does not send opening or closing commands to the primary switch, does not change relay protection settings, does not block protection outputs, and does not insert operational monitoring conclusions into the hard-wired protection path from the protection device to the trip circuit.

[0033] Another aspect of the present invention provides a primary and secondary fusion ring main unit operation monitoring system based on multi-source data fusion, including a primary electrical quantity acquisition interface, a secondary action quantity acquisition interface, a mechanical vibration sensor, a partial discharge sensor, a thermal environment sensor, a monitoring controller, and a monitoring communication terminal. The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface is electrically connected to current and voltage measuring elements within the ring main unit. The secondary action quantity acquisition interface is connected to the monitoring output terminal of the protection device, the coil current detection terminal of the operating mechanism, and the auxiliary contacts of the switch, respectively, and is connected in parallel monitoring, not in series with the opening and closing control circuit. The mechanical vibration sensor is fixedly connected to a component capable of transmitting the vibration of the switching mechanism. The partial discharge sensor is located in the compartment containing the energized parts of the ring main unit. The thermal environment sensor includes a temperature sensor located at the conductive connection point and an environmental sensor located inside the compartment.

[0034] The data input terminals of the monitoring controller are connected to the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface, the secondary action quantity acquisition interface, the mechanical vibration sensor, the partial discharge sensor, and the thermal environment sensor, respectively. The communication terminal is connected to the monitoring communication terminal. The monitoring controller includes a source registration and acquisition module, an event and time correction module, an evidence and physical constraint module, a source replacement module, an anomaly separation module, and a supplementary acquisition and output module. The source registration and acquisition module establishes source identifiers and obtains corresponding monitoring data; the event and time correction module identifies physical events of the switch, corrects the time of each data source, and forms an event evidence set; the evidence and physical constraint module updates the primary wiring relationship and calculates physical residuals; the source replacement module constructs alternative data and compares the residuals before and after replacement; the anomaly separation module distinguishes between primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, acquisition and communication anomalies, and insufficient evidence; the supplementary acquisition and output module adjusts the acquisition status of the corresponding monitoring channel and outputs the operation monitoring results and evidence records through the monitoring communication terminal. The protection output of the protection device is connected to the switch tripping circuit via a hard-wired protection path independent of the monitoring controller.

[0035] This invention identifies cross-source events through the continuous physical response of the same switching action in primary electrical quantities, secondary action quantities, and mechanical vibrations, and corrects for clock offset, clock drift, and response delay respectively. Under a unified physical time, the primary wiring relationship is updated according to the actual switch position, forming physical residuals that can be located to equipment nodes and data sources based on the consistency of current and power conservation, action sequence, thermal response, and partial discharge across sources. The change in residuals before and after the target data source is replaced is used to verify whether measurement discrepancies are caused by that data source. When the evidence cannot distinguish between them, supplementary data collection is performed only on the missing verification objects, thus providing corresponding measurement basis and a recalculated judgment process for primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, data acquisition and communication anomalies, and insufficient evidence.

[0036] Compared to methods that splice data according to the original timestamp or summarize multiple monitoring quantities separately beyond the limit, this invention can reduce event mismatch caused by device clock errors, communication buffers, and different response speeds, and update the branches participating in the conservation test as the switch position changes. Compared to methods that directly interpret sensor deviations as equipment anomalies, source replacement and independent evidence restrictions can prevent the original and derived quantities of the same sensor from being counted repeatedly as multiple pieces of evidence, and retain results with insufficient evidence when information is insufficient. Supplementary acquisition only adjusts the sampling status of the monitoring channel, and the protection output is still connected to the switch tripping circuit through an independent hard-wired protection path, so the operation monitoring process does not change the existing protection action conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring method based on multi-source data fusion according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the switch physical event recognition and multi-source data time correction of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the physical consistency verification of switch position conditions and the replacement of the target data source according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and connection relationship of the primary and secondary integrated ring network box operation monitoring system of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the deployment of the monitoring component of the present invention within the primary and secondary fusion ring network box.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the abnormal object separation and targeted supplementary collection process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Each embodiment describes the method flow, time correction, physical consistency verification, system structure, and application scenarios under the same technical concept; the technical features of each embodiment can be combined with each other without technical conflict. The determination of each parameter is based on the equipment's rated parameters, protection setting data, type tests, factory tests, channel calibration results, and confirmed normal operation records after commissioning. The parameterized values ​​in the embodiments are used to illustrate the calculation and execution process and do not represent fixed limits applicable to all equipment.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment illustrates the complete execution process of the primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring method based on multi-source data fusion, with steps S1 to S6 as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Figure 1 From top to bottom, the corresponding steps are: source registration and multi-source data acquisition, switch physical event confirmation, clock and response delay correction, primary wiring relationship update and physical consistency residual calculation, target data source replacement and abnormal object separation; step S4 calculates node current, power conservation, action sequence, thermal response and partial discharge cross-source consistency residual; step S5 compares the total residual before and after replacement. Figure 1 The downward arrows in the text indicate the normal processing sequence; when the evidence can distinguish the abnormal object, the output is "primary equipment abnormality, secondary action chain abnormality, or acquisition communication abnormality" and evidence record; when the evidence cannot distinguish the abnormal object, the output is "insufficient evidence" and a targeted supplementary acquisition task is generated. The supplementary data re-enters step S2 along the return path, and then steps S2 to S6 are repeated until a supportable monitoring result is formed or the task end condition is met.

[0046] In step S1, the monitoring controller first reads the primary wiring configuration of the ring main unit to be monitored. The primary wiring configuration records the connection relationships between incoming and outgoing bays, busbars, tie branches, load switches, circuit breakers, and grounding switches, and assigns a device identifier to each primary device and connection node. Simultaneously, the monitoring controller reads the status of the auxiliary contacts, the switch status in the protection device event log, and the presence or absence of primary current, thereby forming the initial switch position. If the auxiliary contact status is inconsistent with the primary current status, the switch position is marked as pending confirmation, and no single data source directly overwrites other data sources.

[0047] The monitoring controller reads the channel calibration information and establishes a source identifier for each measurement link. The source identifier is associated with the sensor, measurement loop, acquisition device, and communication channel. For example, the incoming electronic current transformer, the corresponding current acquisition channel, and its communication interface constitute a current data source; the event sequence record of the protection device constitutes a secondary action data source; and the vibration sensor installed on the operating mechanism bracket and its acquisition channel constitute a mechanical vibration data source. If the RMS current value, current mutation, and current rate of change are all calculated from the original waveform of the same current sensor, then the three are grouped into the same evidence family and are not considered as three independent data sources.

[0048] The monitoring controller collects primary electrical quantities, secondary operating quantities, mechanical vibration, partial discharge, and thermal environment data according to the source identifier. Primary electrical quantities include the three-phase current of each conducting branch, bus or branch voltage, and active and reactive power calculated from phasors; secondary operating quantities include opening and closing commands, protection outputs, opening and closing coil currents, and auxiliary contact status; mechanical vibration data is obtained by mechanical vibration sensors fixedly connected to the vibration transmission components of the operating mechanism; partial discharge data is obtained by partial discharge sensors installed in the cabinet where the energized components are located; thermal environment data includes the temperature of cable joints, busbar connections, or switch conductive connections, as well as the ambient temperature and humidity inside the cabinet.

[0049] Each sampled data point retains its original timestamp, sample sequence number, data quality flag, and communication reception time. The monitoring controller checks for data exceeding its range, remaining unchanged for extended periods, timestamp regression, message duplication, missing sample sequence numbers, and consistency of channel calibration versions. This check establishes a complete picture of the data source. Even if a data source experiences frame loss or timestamp anomalies, it does not immediately output a device fault. Instead, during subsequent source replacement and fault separation processes, it is determined whether the data source can explain the physical residuals.

[0050] In step S2, the monitoring controller extracts candidate responses for switch actions from different data sources. For opening / closing commands or protection outputs, it extracts the moment when the state changes from inactive to active and continues for more than the debounce time; for coil current, it extracts the moment when the current enters the excitation range from the static value and continuously meets the coil conduction condition; for mechanism vibration, it extracts the starting moment when the vibration energy in the normal operating frequency band continuously exceeds the background range; for primary current, it extracts the moment when the current change is consistent with the opening or closing direction; for auxiliary contacts, it extracts the moment when the contact completes stable flipping.

[0051] The monitoring controller establishes an event search time window starting from the candidate time of the operation command or the time of the first observable physical change. Within the time window, candidate responses are combined according to the causal order of command or protection output, coil energization, mechanism action, main circuit current change, and auxiliary contact change. A response combination containing two independent data sources, with the response direction matching the opening or closing direction, and the time difference between adjacent responses falling within the corresponding allowable response range, is identified as a physical event.

[0052] When only a tripping command is given without detecting coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current change, or auxiliary contact change, the monitoring controller only records the control input event and does not recognize it as a completed tripping operation. When only one vibration sensor generates a pulse and no corresponding change is observed from other independent data sources, the pulse is retained as a single-source candidate record, and cabinet collisions or adjacent interval actions are not recognized as actions of the monitored switch.

[0053] In step S3, the monitoring controller follows... Figure 2 The relationship shown converts the local time of the same physical event across different data sources. For data source s and physical event e, the local time is calculated using... Calculate the converted response time, and then determine the response delay based on the corresponding response type. Obtaining a unified physical event time Clock rate correction factor Clock offset reflects the cumulative proportional deviation of the local clock over time. Reflects a fixed time difference, response delay It reflects the time difference between the sensor, measurement loop and corresponding physical components and the event reference.

[0054] The monitoring controller uses multiple confirmed physical events from different time periods to jointly obtain... , and The time difference between different data sources within the same event is compared to estimate fixed offset and response delay; the cumulative time difference between multiple physical events with long intervals is compared to estimate clock drift. Response delay is constrained by the factory operating range and normal operating records of the corresponding switch model, and it is not permissible to forcibly align data that does not conform to the physical order by arbitrarily changing the response delay.

[0055] After time conversion, the monitoring controller forms an event evidence set indexed by physical events and monitored equipment units. The event evidence set includes the pre-event stable interval, the action transition interval, and the post-event stable interval, and is associated with the original time, unified physical time, time conversion version, source identifier, switch position, and response characteristics. Continuously sampled primary electrical quantities, coil current, and mechanical vibration retain their original waveforms; auxiliary contacts and protection states retain their pre-flip state, flip time, and post-flip state; temperature and environmental data retain their original slow sampling time and corresponding time uncertainty intervals.

[0056] In step S4, the monitoring controller updates the wiring relationship once based on the switch position confirmed by the event evidence set. When the switch changes from the closed position to the open position, the corresponding branch is removed from the conduction network, and the current of the branch is checked within the stabilization time window after the action to see if it enters the allowable range after the trip. When the switch changes from the open position to the closed position, the corresponding branch is added to the conduction network, and the voltage, current, and adjacent node measurements of the branch are checked to see if they are consistent with the connection status. When the grounding switch is closed, the verification relationship is set according to the grounding status, and the branch is not included in the power transmission relationship calculation as a normal power supply branch.

[0057] Under the updated wiring configuration, the monitoring controller calculates the node current conservation residual. and power conservation residual The current in each branch is represented by the current phasor within the same stable time window on a unified physical time axis, and the direction coefficient is determined jointly by the switch position and the specified current direction. For the switch operation process, the data before, during, and after the operation are calculated separately; the current before and after the operation are not substituted into the same node conservation relationship. Power conservation calculations use incoming power, outgoing power, and the allowable loss range; the loss range is not derived from current abnormal data.

[0058] The monitoring controller calculates the timing residual of the switching action based on the uniform physical time difference between adjacent responses. Each adjacent response relationship retains its corresponding residual position. If both the operation command and the coil current occur, but the mechanism vibration does not occur within the allowable time, the residual related to the coil energizing to the mechanism action increases; if the mechanism vibration occurs but the primary current does not change according to the primary wiring relationship, the residual related to the main circuit action increases; if the primary current has changed but the auxiliary contacts have not stably flipped, the residual related to the position feedback increases.

[0059] The monitoring controller keeps other data and primary wiring status unchanged, replaces the target data source with alternative data, recalculates the relevant physical residuals, and obtains... Abnormal contribution From the total residual before replacement Compared with the total residual after replacement Calculation. A target data source is identified as an anomalous source only if replacing it results in a synchronous decrease in multiple independent physical residuals associated with it, and the replacement data does not introduce new contradictions in other physical constraints. If replacing multiple different data sources eliminates the same conserved residual, and there are no independent physical relationships to verify any of the replacement results, then the output is insufficient evidence.

[0060] In step S6, the monitoring controller follows... Figure 6 The relationships shown distinguish abnormal objects. When multiple independent pieces of evidence from different measurement mechanisms point to the same primary device node at a unified physical time, primary wiring location, and device spatial location, and replacing any single data source fails to restore the relevant residuals to the allowable range, a primary device abnormality is output. When an operation command or protection output has been issued, but the coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contacts are interrupted at some point in the action causal chain, a secondary action chain abnormality is output based on the interruption location.

[0061] After replacing the target data source, if other independent data sources re-satisfy the primary wiring relationship or action causal sequence, an acquisition communication anomaly is output and the target data source is marked. If the number of existing independent evidences is insufficient, or if the primary equipment anomaly and the data source anomaly are still supported by the same set of evidence and cannot be distinguished, then insufficient evidence is output, and the missing verification object is recorded. Physical verification of the anomaly category is not replaced by a larger residual value.

[0062] When output evidence is insufficient, the supplementary acquisition and output module generates a targeted supplementary acquisition task. When a primary electrical quantity lacks an action waveform, short-time recording of the target current or voltage channel is initiated; when coil current evidence is incomplete, coil current recording is initiated; when the protection action sequence is incomplete, the original event sequence record of the protection device is reread; when the temperature source and thermal anomaly at the connection point cannot be distinguished, the sampling period of the target temperature channel is shortened; when partial discharge and external interference cannot be distinguished, confirmation channels for different measurement mechanisms are activated; when the primary current and switch position contradict each other, the independent redundant current measurement results of the same branch are read. Supplementary acquisition does not change the protection settings, does not issue switch action commands, and does not block independent protection paths.

[0063] Evidence records are created for each monitoring operation. These records include associated device identifiers, event identifiers, primary wiring version, switch position, source identifier, original time, unified physical time, time conversion parameters, physical residuals, substitute data, total residuals before and after substitution, anomaly contribution, anomaly category, unmet verification conditions, and supplementary data collection results. This allows monitoring results to be traced back to the corresponding measurement link, physical event, and calculation basis.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment further explains the process of identifying multiple physical events, clock offset correction, clock drift correction, and separating measurement response delays corresponding to the same switch action. This process is applicable to the opening, closing, and incomplete operation processes of load switches, circuit breakers, disconnectors, or grounding switches in ring main units. The following explanation uses circuit breaker opening monitoring as an example; the monitoring of other switchgear actions is implemented using the same physical event association method.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, when the ring mains box performs a tripping action, it generates various observation results, including changes in the operation command status, changes in the tripping coil current, vibration of the operating mechanism, flipping of auxiliary contacts, changes in the primary circuit current, and event records of the protection device. Each observation result corresponds to physical aspects such as electrical control, coil excitation, mechanical transmission, position feedback, and primary current interruption. Due to differences in sampling clocks, transmission links, triggering methods, and measurement principles among the data sources, the recording time of the same action in different data sources is usually not completely consistent. Therefore, this embodiment first confirms the physical events based on the causal order of actions between different physical quantities, and then uses the confirmed physical events to correct the time relationship between different data sources.

[0067] Figure 2 The system comprises, from top to bottom, independent data source areas, physical event identification areas, clock and response delay correction areas, and event evidence collection areas. Each data source box outputs the local time and response direction. The physical event identification area matches the causal order and time range according to the allowable response range corresponding to the switch model. The correction area performs local time conversion and response delay separation, which together yield a unified physical time and time uncertainty range. The event evidence collection area stores the source identifier, original time, converted time, time conversion version, switch position, and response characteristics according to the pre-event stable range, switch action range, and post-event stable range. Figure 2 The solid arrow pointing to the next processing box indicates the data processing order, and the dashed arrow indicating constraints indicates the restrictions on event matching and response delay calculation for the allowed response interval.

[0068] Before event identification, a source identifier is configured for each data source. The source identifier corresponds to the complete measurement link formed by the sensor, measurement loop, acquisition device, and communication channel. Multiple data items obtained from the same sensor's raw data through filtering, differentiation, frequency band decomposition, or feature calculation are grouped under the same source identifier and are not considered as independent physical evidence. Only when two data items come from independent physical sensing paths or measurement loops are they treated as two independent data sources for physical event confirmation.

[0069] For operation command signals, the candidate command moment is extracted when the command state transitions from the inactive state to the open state and remains so for more than the debounce time. For the open coil current, the candidate coil response moment is extracted when the current enters the excitation variation range from its static value and continuously meets the coil conduction condition. For the operating mechanism vibration signal, the frequency band energy of the sampled signal is calculated based on the frequency band range of the vibration initiation segment in the confirmed normal operation record. The candidate mechanical response moment is extracted when the frequency band energy continuously exceeds the corresponding normal background upper limit. For auxiliary contact signals, the candidate position feedback moment is extracted after the contact state has completed a stable flip. For the primary current signal, the candidate primary circuit interruption moment is extracted based on the continuous change relationship between the load current before and after the open circuit.

[0070] The judgment limits for the aforementioned candidate moments do not adopt fixed empirical values ​​that are detached from equipment parameters. The coil current judgment limit is determined based on the coil's rated parameters, secondary circuit measurement accuracy, factory operation records, and confirmed normal field operation records; the primary current judgment limit is determined based on the current transformer ratio, accuracy class, ring main unit rated current, and the noise range of the measuring device; the vibration judgment limit is determined based on the sensor's range, installation location, factory mechanical characteristic records, and confirmed normal operation records; the auxiliary contact debouncing time and state stabilization time are determined based on the contact type, acquisition cycle, and factory operation time range. When the equipment model, operating mechanism, or sensor installation location changes, a corresponding limit version is established.

[0071] After candidate timing extraction is completed, an action-related time window is established, using the candidate timing of the operation command or the earliest observable physical change as the search starting point. The length of the action-related time window is determined based on the upper limit of the action time from control input to position stabilization of this type of switchgear, the upper limit of the allowable delay of the acquisition link, and the time correction margin. Within the action-related time window, candidate timings from different data sources are combined according to the physical causal relationship between the operation command, coil excitation, mechanism response, primary current change, and position feedback.

[0072] Let the corrected time difference between candidate physical element p and candidate physical element q be . Based on equipment type tests, factory tests, protection action logic, or confirmed normal historical records, determine the allowable range of this time difference. , ],in Greater than Timing deviation between adjacent physical components Represented as:

[0073] In the formula, dist represents the distance from the time difference to the allowable interval; when When it is within the allowed range, dist is 0; when Less than At that time, dist is taken - ;when Greater than At that time, dist is taken - .

[0074] For a candidate action combination, let its adjacent physical links form a set. , will set The timing deviations of adjacent physical links are weighted according to the timing accuracy of the corresponding measurement links to form the timing correlation of candidate action combinations. :

[0075] In the formula, Let e ​​be the set of adjacent physical links in the candidate action combination e. For physical link p and physical link q, there are non-negative time-series weights. β represents the number of physical links missing in the action causal chain that should be detected by the current configuration; β represents the constraint weight corresponding to the missing link. The sampling period and timestamp accuracy are determined based on the relevant data sources. Physical components where the corresponding sensors are not installed are not included. The time series deviation, time series weight, missing link constraint weight, and time series correlation are all dimensionless quantities, and the missing link constraint weight takes a non-negative value.

[0076] When a candidate action combination contains two independent data sources, and their timing correlation does not exceed the allowable upper limit based on normal action records, the candidate action combination is accepted as the same physical event. When there is only an operation command without detecting coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current change, or auxiliary contact change, the operation command is not directly considered as the switch having completed its action; instead, it is retained as a control input event, and the action result is marked as pending confirmation. When only a single vibration data source produces a pulse, and there is no primary current change, contact flipping, or coil current change within the corresponding time window, the vibration pulse is not considered as a switch action.

[0077] Once the same physical event is confirmed, the clock skew, clock drift, and physical response delay are estimated using candidate timestamps of that event across various data sources. Let the original timestamp of the e-th event recorded by data source s be... The clock rate correction factor is The clock offset is The response latency is The event time of the e-th physical event on the unified physical timeline is Then the following conditions are met:

[0078] The corrected unified physical event time corresponding to the candidate times recorded in data source s is:

[0079] in, Used to correct proportional errors that accumulate over time. Used to correct a fixed offset between the data source clock and a unified time coordinate. This is used to represent the response delay generated by the sensor, the acquisition loop, and the measured physical component. It is achieved by simultaneously estimating... , and This avoids misinterpreting the continuously accumulating clock drift as changes in device action time, and also avoids attributing all normal mechanical response time to communication delay.

[0080] For data sources of the same type and under the same sampling mode, the response delay is represented as a piecewise stable parameter corresponding to the event type. For data sources whose response delay is affected by load current, institutional energy storage status, or ambient temperature, updates are made within the limits defined by the corresponding type test or confirmed normal records. Let E be the set of confirmed events within the sliding physical event window, and S be the set of data sources involved in time correction. The set of data sources that have valid records for event e; Let s be the positive time uncertainty of the data source with respect to event e. This is a reference value for the normal response delay of the corresponding event type. The positive response delay reference uncertainty is... , , and To optimize the variables, minimize the following dimensionless objective function J:

[0081] The constraints are:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, The non-negative credibility weight of data source s for event e; and The non-negative dimensionless constraint weights; , Determined based on the clock accuracy and allowable drift range of the acquisition device; , The objective function is determined based on the action time range of the corresponding physical element, sensor response time, and communication link configuration. The original timestamp, clock offset, unified physical event time, response delay, time uncertainty, response delay reference value, and response delay reference uncertainty in the objective function use the same time unit; the clock rate correction coefficient, confidence weight, constraint weight, normalized residual, and objective function are all dimensionless quantities.

[0084] The piecewise loss function ρ(x) is expressed as:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, x is the dimensionless deviation normalized to time uncertainty, and κ is a positive number determined based on the normalized time deviation in normal records. When a timestamp error is within the normal discrete range, it participates in parameter estimation according to the squared error; when the error exceeds this range, its impact on the estimation result increases linearly to prevent a single misreported timestamp from shifting the correction parameters of all data sources.

[0087] To eliminate multiple solutions caused by global translation and scaling of the unified time coordinate, a data source with stable time synchronization conditions is selected to define the unified time coordinate, and the data source's... Set to 1. The time coordinate can be set to 0; alternatively, a unified time coordinate can be determined by constraining the weighted sum of the time offsets of all data sources to 0 and the weighted average of the clock rate correction coefficients to 1. Selecting a time synchronization data source is only for defining the time coordinate and does not imply that the switching action measurement results from that data source are directly considered correct. Whether a physical event occurs is still determined by the causal relationship between the two independent data sources.

[0088] Data source credibility weight The time parameter update process is determined based on the data integrity, timestamp status, effective range of the sampling signal, and communication continuity of the current event. When the sampling signal saturates, data frames are missing and cover candidate times, time synchronization is abnormal, or communication retransmissions cross the action time window, the corresponding weight is reduced. When a data source produces correction residuals exceeding the allowable range in multiple consecutive confirmed events, that data source is temporarily excluded from the time parameter update process, but its original record is retained for subsequent anomaly source determination.

[0089] Time correction is updated using a sliding physical event window. The window includes multiple consecutive confirmed events of the same type preceding the current event, and its length is determined by the number of actions and the event interval. Fixed clock offset. Updated upon receiving new confirmed events; clock rate correction factor with a slower rate of change. Update after a set time period has elapsed and a sufficient number of confirmed events have been included. When the acquisition device restarts, the timing mode changes, the communication channel is switched, or the sampling period is changed, the original time parameter segment ends and a new time parameter segment is established.

[0090] The following is a parameterized calculation example to illustrate the time correction calculation process. Assume that the event times of three consecutive confirmed tripping events in a unified time coordinate are 100000.000 milliseconds, 700000.000 milliseconds, and 1300000.000 milliseconds, respectively. The operation command data source is used to define the unified time coordinate, and its three original timestamps are the same as the event times. The original timestamps of the coil current data source records are 100027.200 ms, 700015.200 ms, and 1300003.200 ms, respectively; the original timestamps of the mechanism vibration data source records are 100045.500 ms, 700039.500 ms, and 1300033.500 ms, respectively; the original timestamps of the primary current data source records are 100050.000 ms, 700041.000 ms, and 1300032.000 ms, respectively; and the original timestamps of the auxiliary contact data source records are 100061.000 ms, 700067.000 ms, and 1300073.000 ms, respectively.

[0091] If only the original timestamps are compared, the time difference between the source of the coil current data and the source of the operation command data in the first event is 27.200 milliseconds, in the second event it is 15.200 milliseconds, and in the third event it is 3.200 milliseconds. This change might be mistakenly interpreted as a continuous shortening of the coil response time. Substituting the aforementioned original timestamps into the time correction model, the source of the coil current data can be determined. It is 1.000020. The response time is approximately -21.201 milliseconds, with a response delay of approximately 8.000 milliseconds; the source of the mechanism vibration data is... It is 1.000010. The response time is approximately -20.500 milliseconds, and the response latency is approximately 26.000 milliseconds; the primary current data source is... It is 1.000015. The response time is approximately -17.501 milliseconds, and the response latency is approximately 34.000 milliseconds; the auxiliary contact data source is... It is 0.999990. The response time is approximately -17.999 milliseconds, and the response latency is approximately 42.000 milliseconds.

[0092] Taking the first event from which the coil current data originates as an example, using unrounded... calculate:

[0093] The second and third events were calculated using the same parameters, resulting in uniform physical event times of 700,000.000 milliseconds and 1,300,000.000 milliseconds, respectively, which are consistent with the corresponding event times within the display accuracy range. Therefore, the variation in the original time difference with the event occurrence time is mainly caused by clock scaling errors, while the physical response delay of the coil current relative to the operation command remains at 8 milliseconds. After correction, the mechanism vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contacts also achieve action response positions of 26 milliseconds, 34 milliseconds, and 42 milliseconds, respectively.

[0094] After time correction is completed, an event evidence set is established for each confirmed event. The event evidence set includes the event identifier, device identifier, event type, unified physical event time, source identifier of each data source, original timestamp, converted response time, response delay, correction residual, and time conversion version. For continuously sampled current, voltage, and vibration data, interval alignment is performed according to the unified physical time axis; for discrete data such as switch position, protection action status, and alarm status, continuous interpolation is not performed within the status flip interval, but rather the state before flip, the flip time, and the state after flip are retained.

[0095] When the data source for the operation command is missing, two independent data sources from coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contacts are used to form a candidate action chain, and the event time is recorded. The data is obtained jointly as the estimated quantity. If only a single data source is available, only a single-source candidate record is generated, without updating cross-source time parameters or confirming that the switch has completed its action. The time correction process itself does not directly output a device anomaly conclusion based on a single delay exceeding the limit, nor does it modify protection settings, control commands, or switch action loops.

[0096] Example 3

[0097] This embodiment further explains the process of calculating physical consistency residuals based on topology status, replacing target data sources, and differentiating anomaly sources. This process is executed after the physical event confirmation and unified time correction of multi-source data are completed. It is used to determine whether the inconsistency in the monitoring results is caused by changes in the operating status of primary equipment, abnormalities in the secondary action chain, abnormalities in data acquisition and communication, or is temporarily undetermined due to insufficient existing evidence.

[0098] like Figure 3 As shown, the monitoring controller first reads the primary wiring relationship of the ring main unit, representing the incoming and outgoing bays, busbar connection sections, switchgear, and adjacent distribution nodes as a topology consisting of nodes and branches. A node represents the electrical connection location of a busbar, cable connection point, or adjacent distribution equipment, while a branch represents the incoming, outgoing, and tie lines and their corresponding switchgear. Each branch is associated with switchgear identification, switch position, current data source, power data source, temperature data source, partial discharge data source, and adjacent node boundary data source.

[0099] Figure 3 The upper part represents the physical consistency verification process of switch position conditionation: the set of event evidence, together with the positions of load switches, circuit breakers, and grounding switches, determines the conduction, disconnection, and grounding relationships of the branch, and forms the node current conservation residual under the updated topology. Power conservation residual Action timing residuals Thermal response residual and partial discharge cross-source consistency residual The total residual before replacement is obtained after dimensionless transformation and weighting of each residual. . Figure 3 The lower part illustrates the target data source replacement process: other independent data sources, together with topological physical constraints, construct alternative data for the target data source s. Only the target data source is replaced while other data remain unchanged, and the total residual after replacement is recalculated. And based on abnormal contributions Determine whether the source of the target data constitutes an anomaly. Figure 3The solid arrows from top to bottom indicate the calculation order, while the dashed arrows pointing to the alternative data construction box indicate the physical constraints formed by the topology update results. Figure 3 The term "internal node current residual" is an abbreviation for "node current conservation residual" within the diagram, and "partial discharge cross-source consistency residual" is an abbreviation for "partial discharge cross-source consistency residual" within the diagram.

[0100] When a unified physical event indicates that a switch has completed opening or closing, the monitoring controller updates the connection status of the corresponding branch based on the status of the auxiliary contacts after the action, changes in primary current, and vibration results of the mechanism. If the auxiliary contacts indicate that the switch has opened, and the primary current of the corresponding branch enters the allowable range after the opening, the branch is updated to the open state; if the auxiliary contacts indicate that the switch has closed, and the corresponding branch experiences a current or voltage electrically related to the upstream power supply, the branch is updated to the connected state.

[0101] When the auxiliary contact state is inconsistent with the primary current change, the topology represented by the auxiliary contact is not directly adopted, nor is the switch position directly replaced by whether the current is zero. The monitoring controller establishes candidate topologies corresponding to the auxiliary contact state and the primary current change, respectively, and calculates current conservation, power conservation, and action timing residuals under both candidate topologies. If one candidate topology is supported by the mechanism vibration, primary current, and adjacent node measurements, while the other candidate topology produces multiple independent physical contradictions, the candidate topology supported by independent evidence is adopted. If both candidate topologies can explain the current data or both have insurmountable contradictions, the unconfirmed topology state is retained and supplementary data acquisition is performed.

[0102] For a confirmed topology, the monitoring controller sets the direction factor according to the specified direction of the branch current. When branch i is in the current switch position When the node to be analyzed is disconnected, The value is set to 0; a positive value is taken when the branch is conducting and current flows into the node to be analyzed; a negative value is taken when the branch is conducting and current flows out of the node to be analyzed. Let the set of associated branches of the node to be analyzed be... ,gather The current phasor of the middle branch i is The current reference value is The minimum current normalized value is Then the node current is conserved residual Represented as:

[0103] For a three-phase system, the nodal current conservation residuals for phases A, B, and C are calculated separately, or the three-phase composite residuals are calculated after phasor alignment. For ring mains systems with neutral grounding and clearly defined measurement conditions for zero-sequence current, a zero-sequence consistency residual is also formed based on the relationship between the three-phase currents and the zero-sequence current.

[0104] When calculating the residual of node current conservation, data from the same sampling interval on a unified physical time axis are used. Before switching action, phasor statistics from multiple power frequency cycles prior to action are used; after switching action, phasor statistics from when the switch position has changed and the transient process has ended are used. Data during the action process is processed separately for before action, during transition, and after action, and currents in different states are not substituted into the same conservation relation. The end time of the transient process is determined based on equipment type testing, the response time of the acquisition device, and confirmed normal operation records.

[0105] When a branch is confirmed to be open, let the measured current be... In the disconnected state, the upper limit of the allowable current, determined by measurement accuracy, induced current, and background noise, is: Then the residual current of the disconnected branch is lost. Represented as:

[0106] If the switch position indicates that it is off... If the current continues to exceed the allowable range, this phenomenon may be caused by incomplete disconnection of the switch, incorrect auxiliary contact status, zero-point drift of the current measurement circuit, or induction from adjacent circuits. Therefore, the residual current of the disconnected branch should not be considered as a single conclusion of primary equipment abnormality, but should be analyzed together with mechanical vibration, auxiliary contacts, boundary currents of adjacent nodes, and the replacement results of the target data source.

[0107] In addition to the current conservation residual, the monitoring controller also calculates the power conservation residual. Let the active power entering the analysis region be... The number of conductive outgoing lines involved in the calculation is The active power of the j-th outgoing conductor in the outflow analysis region is Then the power difference ΔP is:

[0108] Let the allowable loss range of the current conductive circuit be [ , The power reference value is The minimum power normalized value is ,but:

[0109] The allowable loss range is determined based on line resistance, conductor parameters, current current range, and confirmed normal records. When reliable loss parameters are unavailable, a wider allowable loss range is formed according to line type, conductor cross-section, and load range; the loss is not fixed at 0. When ΔP is within the allowable loss range, Set to 0; when the loss exceeds the allowable range, calculate the residual based on the excess portion.

[0110] For the switching action process, the monitoring controller calculates the timing residuals. Let the number of valid adjacent action relationships be... The corrected time difference between the m-th adjacent physical components is Its normal allowable range is [ , ],but:

[0111] When the operating commands, coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current changes, and auxiliary contact flipping occur in the normal sequence... When the value is 0 or within the normal discrete range; when the coil is energized but the mechanism vibration does not occur within the allowable range, the residuals related to the mechanism response increase; when the mechanism vibration has occurred but the primary current has not changed as expected, the residuals related to the primary interruption increase; when the primary current has changed but the auxiliary contact has not flipped, the residuals related to the position feedback increase.

[0112] For temperature monitoring of contacts, busbar connections, or cable joints, the monitoring controller calculates the thermal response residual based on the heat generated by the current, the ambient temperature, and the heat dissipation process. Let the ambient temperature at the k-th sampling time be... The actual temperature measured at the monitored location was The equivalent current is Contact resistance or equivalent resistance is Thermal resistance is Given a thermal time constant of τ and a sampling interval of Δt, the predicted temperature at the (k+1)th sampling time is:

[0113]

[0114] Let the allowable deviation between the temperature measurement and the thermal model be... The temperature difference normalization benchmark is ,but:

[0115] , The attenuation coefficient is determined based on the equipment type, conductor structure, factory temperature rise test, and confirmed normal operating records. The value of is greater than 0 and not greater than 1, and 'pred' in the predicted temperature symbol represents the predicted value. The measured temperature at the monitored location, the ambient temperature inside the cabinet, and the predicted temperature all use the same temperature scale; the unit of equivalent thermal resistance is Kelvin per watt, the unit of equivalent resistance at conductive connections is ohms, and the unit of equivalent current is amperes. The allowable deviation and the temperature difference normalization benchmark use the same temperature difference unit. When the duration of load current change is shorter than the thermal time constant, the lack of immediate temperature change is not considered evidence of an abnormal temperature data source; only after the load current has continuously changed and the corresponding thermal response time has elapsed should it be determined whether the temperature change conforms to the current square heating relationship.

[0116] For partial discharge monitoring, the monitoring controller maps transient voltage to ground, high-frequency current, or pulse events generated by different sensing paths to a unified physical time axis, and calculates cross-source consistency residuals by combining power frequency phase, sensor installation location, and propagation delay. Pulse amplitude, pulse energy, and frequency band characteristics extracted from the same partial discharge sensor signal belong to the same evidence family and are not considered as multiple independent data sources. Increased pulses from a single data source are used to trigger supplementary acquisitions, but are not used to directly determine an insulation anomaly.

[0117] The partial discharge cross-source consistency residual uses a time consistency component. Power frequency phase consistency component and propagation delay consistency components When combined, the calculation relationship is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Each consistency component is obtained by dividing the distance from the corresponding deviation to the allowable interval determined by the confirmed normal record or propagation path by the corresponding normalized reference. , and Non-negative weights are used. Calculations are only performed when pulse events from different measurement mechanisms have a corresponding relationship in terms of unified physical time, power frequency phase, and propagation path. Otherwise Mark as unavailable and trigger supplementary data collection.

[0120] The monitoring controller generates the total residual before replacement based on the currently available physical constraints. Suppose there are currently M valid residual components, and the l-th residual component is... The corresponding weight is ,but:

[0121]

[0122] Weight The weighting is determined based on measurement uncertainty and the applicability of physical constraints. Residual components with missing samples, measurements near the range boundary, or physical model parameters that can only be determined over a wide range are assigned lower weights. When a physical constraint is not valid in the current topology or operating state, the corresponding residual component is removed from the current calculation, and the remaining weights are renormalized; missing data is not directly treated as high residuals. If no usable residual component exists, the total residual before replacement is not calculated; instead, an insufficient evidence is output, and a supplementary acquisition task is generated based on the missing physical constraints.

[0123] when When the data exceeds the allowable range determined based on the equipment's rated parameters, protection setting data, type tests, factory tests, and confirmed normal records, the monitoring controller sequentially sets the data sources involved in the calculation as the target data source and constructs corresponding alternative data. The alternative data is not generated from the filtered value, predicted value, or historical extension value of the target data source itself, but is generated from independent data sources other than the target data source and the physical constraints under the current primary wiring relationship.

[0124] When the target data source is a certain outgoing current, the alternative current is obtained from the node conservation relationship between the incoming current and other outgoing currents; when the target data source is the incoming current, the alternative current is obtained from each outgoing current and the boundary current of adjacent nodes; when the target data source is the switch position, candidate topologies are constructed in both connected and disconnected states, and alternative states supported by independent physical evidence are selected based on primary current, mechanism vibration, and measurements of adjacent nodes; when the target data source is temperature, the alternative temperature range is calculated based on ambient temperature, independent current data sources, and thermal response parameters; when the target data source is action time, the alternative time range is deduced by back-calculating the timing of other independent action elements and the allowable response range.

[0125] Let the original measurement data of the target data source s be... Alternative data constructed from other independent data sources and physical constraints are .Will Replace with Then, keeping other data unchanged, recalculate all applicable physical residuals to obtain... The anomalous contribution of the target data source s is:

[0126] If replacing a target data source simultaneously reduces multiple independent physical residuals without introducing new contradictions in other physical constraints, then that target data source has a high anomaly contribution. If replacing different data sources can all reduce the same conserved residual to zero, but each replacement introduces the same degree of contradiction with other independent measurements, then the source of the anomaly cannot be determined solely based on that conserved residual.

[0127] The following is a parameterized calculation example illustrating the target data source replacement process. Assume a ring network box in the current topology includes one incoming branch and two outgoing branches, with all three switches in a closed state confirmed by independent physical events. The incoming current flowing into the bus is defined as positive, and the two outgoing currents flowing out of the bus are defined as negative. The A-phase current phasor within the same stable time window is taken, and the phase difference is set to be negligible under the current calculation accuracy. The incoming current obtained from the first measurement link... The first outgoing line current is 180 amps. The second outgoing line current is 100 amps. It is 62 amps. Take 180 amps, If we take 1 ampere, then:

[0128] The ring main unit is also equipped with a verification current measurement link that is independent of the first measurement link, and its incoming line verification current... The current for the first outgoing line is 180 amps. The second outgoing line verification current is 100 amps. The value is 80 amps. The measurement consistency residuals between the first measurement link and the verification current measurement link are as follows:

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] Assume this calculation only uses , , and There are four residual components, and all four residual components have the same weight. If we take 0.001, then:

[0132] The second outgoing current When set as the target data source, alternative data is constructed based on the incoming current and the first outgoing current:

[0133] After the replacement, the node current conservation residual and the second outgoing line measurement consistency residual both become 0, while the remaining residuals remain 0. Therefore:

[0134]

[0135] Incoming current When set as the target data source, the substitute data constructed based on the two outgoing line currents is 162 amps. After the substitution, the node current conservation residual becomes 0, but the incoming line measurement consistency residual becomes 0.100, while the second outgoing line measurement consistency residual remains 0.100. Therefore... It is 0.050. The first outgoing current is 0. When the target data source is set, the replacement data is 118 amps. After the replacement, the consistency residuals of the first and second outgoing line measurements are both 0.100. It remains at 0.050. It is 0.

[0136] Only when the second outgoing current data source is replaced will the node conservation relationship and the independent verification measurement relationship simultaneously return to consistency. In actual processing, the verification data source can also be formed by the boundary current of adjacent ring network boxes, the independent measurement winding of the distribution terminal, low-power current sensors, the low-voltage side equivalent current of the transformer, or an independent power measurement link. When using a power measurement link for verification, it is confirmed that its current sensing element and the target current data source do not belong to the same measurement link; current, power, and power factor formed using the same current transformer and the same secondary winding are not considered as independent data sources.

[0137] When a target data source consistently demonstrates anomalies meeting the criteria across multiple stable time windows, and alternative data is continuously supported by other independent data sources, the monitoring controller lists this data source as a candidate for acquisition and communication anomalies. If multiple independent electrical data sources simultaneously exhibit changes consistent with primary wiring relationships, and non-homogeneous physical quantities such as temperature or partial discharge also change according to their corresponding response patterns, and replacing any single data source fails to restore the total residual to the allowable range, then a primary equipment anomaly is considered a candidate. When current evidence cannot rule out more than two causes of anomalies, the following applies: Figure 6 The process shown outputs insufficient evidence, and targeted supplementary data collection is performed.

[0138] Figure 6 The upper part distinguishes between communication anomalies, primary equipment anomalies, and secondary action chain anomalies in order of source replacement results, independent physical evidence, and response interruption position of the causal chain of switch actions; if the verification conditions of any branch cannot be met, it outputs insufficient evidence and records the missing verification objects. Figure 6The lower part determines the target data source and acquisition period based on the missing evidence, and performs short-time recording of electrical quantities or coil currents, rereading of the original event sequence, shortening of the temperature sampling period, and wake-up of the independent partial discharge confirmation channel or independent redundant current reading. Supplemented data re-enters the event identification, time correction, residual calculation, source replacement, and anomaly separation processes; this circuit only changes the monitoring and acquisition status, does not issue a switch opening and closing command, does not change the protection setting, and does not block the protection output. Figure 6 The time calibration mark corresponds to the time correction processing performed by the event and time correction module, including the differentiation and correction of clock offset, clock drift and response delay; this processing only applies to the unified time mapping of the monitoring data and does not change the time parameters of the protection device or switch control circuit.

[0139] The replacement of the target data source is used solely for operational monitoring, anomaly differentiation, and supplementary data collection decisions. The replacement data is not written back to the original measuring device, is not used as real-time protection input for the protection device, does not change protection settings, does not mask protection signals, and does not output opening or closing commands to the switchgear. The original measurement data, replacement data, total residual before replacement, total residual after replacement, and all independent data sources involved in the replacement calculation are retained in the event evidence set.

[0140] Example 4

[0141] This embodiment describes the module functions, physical connection relationships, and specific implementation methods of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring system based on multi-source data fusion. For example... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the ring main unit includes a busbar 12, a load switch or circuit breaker 13, an operating mechanism 14, a protection device 15, a monitoring controller 16, a monitoring communication terminal 17, a switch tripping circuit 18, and incoming and outgoing cables 19. The operation monitoring system obtains operating data of the primary equipment, secondary circuits, and the environment inside the cabinet through current measuring elements 21, voltage measuring elements 22, auxiliary contacts 23, mechanical vibration sensors 24, partial discharge sensors 25, temperature sensors 26, environmental sensors 27, and coil current detection terminals 28.

[0142] Figure 4The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31, secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32, and independent sensing channel 33 provide primary electrical quantity, secondary action quantity, and independent sensing data to the monitoring controller 16, respectively. The ring buffer 47 sends event window data to the source registration and acquisition module 41. Modules 41 to 46 sequentially perform event and time correction, physical constraint verification, source replacement, anomaly separation, and supplementary acquisition and output. The supplementary acquisition and output module 46 sends a supplementary acquisition command to the acquisition configuration terminal 34, which only adjusts the sampling, waveform recording, rereading, or channel wake-up status. The monitoring results and evidence records are output through the monitoring communication terminal 17. The monitoring output of the protection device 15 is obtained in parallel by the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32. The connection between the acquisition configuration terminal 34 and the protection device 15 is used for the request and return of the original event sequence record rereading task, while the protection output is connected to the switch tripping circuit 18 through an independent hard-wired protection path. The monitoring controller 16 is not located in this protection path.

[0143] The monitoring controller 16 includes a source registration and acquisition module 41, an event and time correction module 42, an evidence and physical constraint module 43, a source replacement module 44, an anomaly separation module 45, and a supplementary acquisition and output module 46. The monitoring controller 16 is also equipped with a circular buffer 47 for continuously storing sampled data before, during, and after an action event occurs.

[0144] The source registration and acquisition module 41 is used to read the primary wiring configuration, bay equipment configuration, switch position configuration, and acquisition channel calibration information of the ring main unit. It establishes a source identifier for each data channel and receives primary electrical quantities, secondary motion quantities, mechanical vibration, partial discharge, temperature, and environmental data according to the source identifier. The source registration and acquisition module 41 also records the corresponding sensor, measurement circuit, acquisition device, communication channel, sampling period, timestamp method, range, transformation ratio, and calibration version for each data source, enabling subsequent processing to identify whether different data items originate from the same original measurement link.

[0145] The event and time correction module 42 is used to extract the state change time from the opening and closing commands or protection outputs, coil current, mechanism vibration, auxiliary contacts, and primary current. Based on the physical causal sequence of the switching action, it determines the combination of responses from two independent data sources as the same physical event. The event and time correction module 42 also calculates the clock offset, clock drift, and response delay of the corresponding data sources based on the response times of the same physical event in different data sources, converts the local time of each data source to a unified physical time axis, and establishes an event evidence set according to the pre-event stable state, the action transition state, and the post-event stable state.

[0146] The evidence and physical constraint module 43 is used to update the primary wiring relationship based on the switch positions in the event evidence set, and to determine the connection relationship between bus nodes, incoming branches, outgoing branches, and adjacent boundary nodes under the updated primary wiring relationship. The evidence and physical constraint module 43 also calculates the current and power conservation residuals, switch action timing residuals, thermal response residuals, and partial discharge cross-source consistency residuals, and associates each residual with the corresponding device node, data source, calculation period, and topology version.

[0147] The source replacement module 44 is used to sequentially set the data sources involved in the residual calculation as target data sources when the physical consistency residual exceeds the corresponding allowable range, and construct substitute data based on independent data sources other than the target data sources and the current primary wiring relationship. While keeping the other data sources unchanged, the source replacement module 44 replaces the measurement data of the target data sources with the substitute data, recalculates the relevant physical residuals, and determines the contribution of the target data sources to the physical inconsistency based on the change in the residuals before and after the replacement.

[0148] The anomaly separation module 45 is used to distinguish monitoring results based on the anomaly source, the spatial distribution of physical residuals in the equipment, the interruption position in the action causal chain, and independent evidence from different measurement mechanisms. When multiple independent physical evidences point to the same primary equipment node, and replacing a single data source cannot eliminate the corresponding residual, the anomaly separation module 45 generates a primary equipment anomaly result. When an operation command or protection output has occurred, but the coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contacts do not respond according to the action causal sequence, the anomaly separation module 45 generates a secondary action chain anomaly result based on the interruption position of the action chain. When the relevant physical residual decreases after replacing the target data source, and other independent data sources re-satisfy the primary wiring relationship or action causal relationship, the anomaly separation module 45 generates an acquisition communication anomaly result. When existing evidence cannot distinguish between more than two anomaly causes, the anomaly separation module 45 generates an insufficient evidence result and records the verification conditions that have not yet been met.

[0149] The supplementary acquisition and output module 46 generates targeted supplementary acquisition tasks based on insufficient evidence and transmits these tasks to the corresponding acquisition configuration terminal 34. These supplementary acquisition tasks are used to adjust the sampling status of a specified monitoring channel, trigger short-time recording, reread the original event sequence record, or activate an independent verification channel. After supplementary acquisition is completed, the supplementary acquisition and output module 46 transmits the supplementary data to the event and time correction module 42 to re-execute physical event confirmation, time correction, physical residual calculation, target data source replacement, and anomaly separation. The supplementary acquisition and output module 46 is also used to output the operational monitoring results, event evidence records, and supplementary acquisition results through the monitoring communication terminal 17.

[0150] The circular buffer 47 is used to cyclically store continuously sampled data such as primary electrical quantities, coil current, mechanism vibration, and partial discharge. When no physical event occurs, the circular buffer 47 overwrites earlier data exceeding the retention period in chronological order. When the event and time correction module 42 confirms a physical event, the circular buffer 47 locks the data for a predetermined period before the event and continues to store the data for the action period and the predetermined period after the event, thus forming a complete event data segment. For slowly changing data such as temperature and ambient humidity, the circular buffer 47 retains its original sampling time and time uncertainty interval, without interpolating it to data with the same sampling frequency as current or vibration.

[0151] The following describes the specific implementation method of the operation monitoring system. For example... Figure 5 As shown, busbar 12 forms a primary conductive connection with incoming and outgoing cables 19 via load switch or circuit breaker 13. Operating mechanism 14 is mechanically connected to load switch or circuit breaker 13 to drive the switch to perform opening or closing actions. Operating mechanism 14 is also linked with auxiliary contact 23, enabling auxiliary contact 23 to output a state corresponding to the mechanical position of the switch. The protection output of protection device 15 is connected to operating mechanism 14 via switch trip circuit 18, forming an independent hard-wired protection path.

[0152] Figure 5 The spatial layout of the monitoring components is shown in the diagram, which includes a primary equipment room, an operating mechanism room, a cable room, and a secondary instrument room. The primary conductive path consists of busbar 12, load switch or circuit breaker 13, and incoming / outgoing cables 19. The operating mechanism 14 receives the actuation drive from the switch tripping circuit 18 and transmits the mechanical action to the switch. Simultaneously, the coil current detection terminal 28, auxiliary contact 23, and mechanical vibration sensor 24 form independent actuation observations. Current measuring element 21, voltage measuring element 22, partial discharge sensor 25, temperature sensor 26, and environmental sensor 27 transmit their corresponding monitoring data to the monitoring controller 16. The monitoring output of the protection device 15 is sent to the monitoring controller 16, while its protection output still operates along an independent hard-wired protection path. The primary conductive and mechanical connections, monitoring data links, and independent protection paths in the diagram represent connections of different natures. The logical transmission direction of the monitoring data is that each measuring element, sensor, or monitoring output terminal transmits data to the monitoring controller 16. The actuation direction of the independent protection path is that the protection device 15 drives the operating mechanism 14 via the switch tripping circuit 18. Figure 5 The arrow pointing to the monitoring controller 16 indicates the direction of monitoring data input, the arrow pointing to the operating mechanism 14 indicates the direction of protection action and mechanical drive, and the arrows pointing to the auxiliary contact 23 and the mechanical vibration sensor 24 indicate position linkage and vibration transmission, respectively. The coil current, position status, vibration data, current data, voltage data, partial discharge data, temperature data and environmental quantities are respectively fed into the monitoring controller 16 through the corresponding measurement links.

[0153] The monitoring controller 16 is not connected in series between the protection device 15 and the switch tripping circuit 18. When the protection device 15 activates, its protection output can directly drive the switch tripping circuit 18 along an independent hard-wired protection path. Whether the monitoring controller 16 is in operation does not affect the protection action. The monitoring controller 16 only reads the protection action information through the monitoring output terminal, event recording communication terminal, or parallel status monitoring terminal set by the protection device 15. It does not write protection settings to the protection device 15, does not shield protection signals, and does not undertake the conduction control of the protection tripping circuit.

[0154] The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31 is connected to both the current measuring element 21 and the voltage measuring element 22. The current measuring element 21 uses an electronic current transformer or a low-power current sensor, while the voltage measuring element 22 uses an electronic voltage transformer or a voltage measuring unit with isolated output. The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31 is configured with either an analog conditioning channel or a digital receiving channel depending on the output form of the measuring element. For analog outputs, the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31 performs electrical isolation, anti-aliasing processing, and analog-to-digital conversion sequentially; for digital outputs, the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31 retains the original sampling sequence number, data quality flag, and source timestamp.

[0155] Current measuring elements 21 are respectively installed in the incoming and outgoing branches, enabling the monitoring controller 16 to calculate the current conservation relationship of the bus node based on the current switch position. In intervals with independent metering windings or independent low-power current sensors, different measurement links are registered as different data sources. When multiple measurement data share the same current transformer and the same secondary winding, even if each data is calculated separately by the protection device, measuring instrument, and monitoring controller, they are registered as the same evidence family.

[0156] The secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 is connected to the monitoring output terminal, coil current detection terminal 28, and auxiliary contact 23 of the protection device 15, respectively. The monitoring output terminal of the protection device 15 provides protection start-up, protection output, or event sequence recording information to the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32. The secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 reads the corresponding status using a parallel monitoring method without changing the electrical connection relationship of the protection output circuit.

[0157] The coil current detection terminal 28 is installed on the conductor of the opening or closing coil, and a non-series magnetically coupled current detection element is used to acquire the coil current change. The coil current detection element does not change the conduction conditions of the power supply circuit of the opening and closing coils, and its output is connected to the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 after isolation. The secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 continuously records the rise, hold, and decay process of the coil current, which is used to determine the coil energization time, the coil current duration, and whether the coil circuit forms a complete excitation process.

[0158] The auxiliary contact 23 uses an independent position contact or a dedicated position monitoring contact provided by the operating mechanism 14. The monitoring circuit of the auxiliary contact 23 is electrically isolated from the opening and closing control circuit, and the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 performs hardware time stamping and debouncing processing on its state changes. The monitoring controller 16 simultaneously retains the original state change time before debouncing and the stable position state after debouncing, so that the event and time correction module 42 can distinguish contact jitter, state reversal, and final stable position.

[0159] The mechanical vibration sensor 24 is fixedly connected to a support or housing component capable of transmitting vibrations from the operating mechanism 14. Its installation position avoids independently vibrating cabinet doors and secondary instrument panels. The sensing direction of the mechanical vibration sensor 24 is set according to the main movement direction of the operating mechanism 14, and the vibration response range for the corresponding action is determined after installation through normal opening and closing records. The mechanical vibration sensor 24 is connected to the monitoring controller 16 via an independent sensing channel 33, and its sampling link is independent of the auxiliary contact 23 and the coil current detection terminal 28.

[0160] Partial discharge sensor 25 is installed in the cabinet containing the load switch or circuit breaker 13, incoming and outgoing cables 19, and their cable joints. In this embodiment, partial discharge sensor 25 is a high-frequency current sensor installed on the grounding conductor of the cable shield to acquire the high-frequency current signal generated by the partial discharge pulse in the grounding path. Its output is connected to an independent sensing channel 33 through a shielded transmission line. The independent sensing channel 33 stores the pulse occurrence time, power frequency phase, pulse polarity, and channel identifier. Partial discharge sensors in different cable branches are configured with source identifiers to enable cross-source consistency analysis based on pulse propagation time and equipment spatial location.

[0161] Temperature sensor 26 is installed at cable joints, busbar connections, or conductive connection points of incoming / outgoing cables 19. Temperature sensor 26 acquires the temperature at the corresponding connection point through insulation and transmits the measurement result to an independent sensing channel 33. Environmental sensor 27 is installed inside the cabinet in a location that reflects air temperature and humidity while avoiding direct heat radiation from localized heating elements. It provides the ambient temperature and humidity required for thermal response calculations. Temperature sensor 26 and environmental sensor 27 are each identified by a source identifier, and ambient temperature is not used as source verification data for the temperature of conductive connection points.

[0162] The monitoring controller 16 is located in the secondary instrument room, and its data input terminals are connected to the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31, the secondary motion quantity acquisition interface 32, and the independent sensing channel 33. The monitoring controller 16 includes a processing unit, a storage unit, a time reference unit, a data input bus, and a communication interface. The processing unit performs source registration, event identification, time correction, physical residual calculation, target data source replacement, anomaly separation, and supplementary acquisition processing; the storage unit stores primary wiring relationships, equipment parameters, channel calibration information, allowable response ranges, thermal response parameters, time conversion parameters, and event evidence records; the time reference unit is used to form a unified time coordinate within the monitoring controller 16.

[0163] When the monitoring controller 16 does not detect an anomaly, the supplementary acquisition and output module 46 maintains the normal acquisition state of each acquisition interface. When the anomaly separation module 45 outputs insufficient evidence, the supplementary acquisition and output module 46 generates a supplementary acquisition task based on the unmet verification conditions. For example, if the primary current waveform of the action process is missing, a short-time recording command is sent to the acquisition configuration terminal 34 of the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31; if the complete change process of the coil current is missing, a coil current recording command is sent to the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32; if the original protection event is missing, the secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 is requested to reread the original event sequence record of the protection device 15; if the temperature change process is missing, a sampling adjustment command is sent to the acquisition configuration terminal 34 corresponding to the temperature sensor 26; if partial discharge verification evidence is missing, a channel wake-up command is sent to the independent confirmation channel.

[0164] The supplementary data acquisition task includes a task identifier, target data source, acquisition start conditions, acquisition period, data volume limit, and recovery conditions. Once the recovery conditions are met, the supplementary acquisition and output module 46 sends a regular acquisition recovery command to the corresponding acquisition configuration terminal 34. The acquisition configuration terminal 34 is only related to the monitoring data acquisition status; its signal path is not connected to the protection setting storage area, protection output control terminal, or switch opening / closing control terminal.

[0165] The monitoring communication terminal 17 is connected to the communication terminal of the monitoring controller 16 and is used to transmit operation monitoring results and corresponding evidence records to the power distribution monitoring platform. Each evidence record includes equipment identifier, event identifier, primary wiring version, switch position, source identifier, original time, unified physical time, time conversion version, physical residual, residual before and after replacement, source of anomaly, anomaly category, unmet verification conditions, and supplementary data collection results. The monitoring communication terminal 17 outputs operation monitoring information and does not constitute a trip control signal for the protection device 15.

[0166] Example 5

[0167] This embodiment uses a primary and secondary integrated ring network box with a rated voltage of 10 kV, a rated current of 630 A, and a rated frequency of 50 Hz to illustrate the equipment configuration, parameter settings, action event handling, physical residual calculation, supplementary data acquisition, and anomaly differentiation process of the operation monitoring system. The following values ​​are used to illustrate the implementation and recalculation process of the technical solution and do not represent statistical detection results at a specific site.

[0168] like Figure 5 As shown, the ring main unit includes an incoming line bay K0, a first outgoing line bay K1, and a second outgoing line bay K2. The incoming line bay K0 is connected to the first outgoing line bay K1 and the second outgoing line bay K2 via busbar 12. Each bay is equipped with a load switch or circuit breaker 13, an operating mechanism 14, a current measuring element 21, and auxiliary contacts 23. The incoming line bay K0 is connected to the upstream power distribution line, the first outgoing line bay K1 is connected to the downstream ring network line, and the second outgoing line bay K2 is connected to the distribution transformer branch. When all three bay switches are closed, the sum of the current in the incoming line bay K0 and the currents in the first outgoing line bay K1 and the second outgoing line bay K2 satisfies the busbar node current conservation relationship.

[0169] The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface 31 uses three independent low-power current sensors to acquire the three-phase currents K0, K1, and K2 respectively, and uses a voltage measuring element 22 located on the bus side to acquire the three-phase voltage. The sampling frequency of the current and voltage channels is set to 12.8 kHz, and 256 sampling points are obtained per power frequency cycle under 50 Hz power frequency conditions. The range of the current channel is determined based on the rated current of 630 amps and the allowable short-term overload range of the equipment, and the measurement accuracy class within the normal operating monitoring range is 0.5. The turns ratio, polarity, phase sequence, and zero-point deviation of the current sensors are calibrated before commissioning, and the channel calibration version is saved in the monitoring controller 16.

[0170] The secondary action quantity acquisition interface 32 is connected in parallel to the protection output monitoring terminal, the opening / closing command monitoring terminal, the coil current detection terminal 28, and the auxiliary contact 23 of the protection device 15. The coil current is acquired using a non-series magnetically coupled current detection element, with a sampling frequency set to 10 kHz. The coil current detection element is located outside the coil power supply conductor, without changing the impedance and continuity of the coil power supply circuit. The auxiliary contact 23 uses an independent position contact provided by the operating mechanism 14, and its monitoring circuit is electrically isolated from the opening / closing control circuit.

[0171] The mechanical vibration sensor 24 is fixed to the metal bracket of the operating mechanism 14, and the sampling frequency is set to 20 kHz. This installation position can receive the mechanical vibrations generated by the release, transmission, and contact positioning of the operating mechanism, while avoiding the local vibrations caused by the opening and closing of the cabinet door. After the mechanical vibration sensor 24 is installed, the main frequency band of the operating vibration, the extraction conditions of the start time, and the allowable duration are determined by using the confirmed normal opening and closing records.

[0172] Partial discharge sensor 25 is a high-frequency current sensor installed on the grounding conductor of the cable shield. Under normal conditions, the partial discharge channel collects pulse events according to a predetermined monitoring cycle; when there is insufficient evidence and it is necessary to confirm the source of partial discharge, the monitoring controller 16 can activate the confirmation channel of another measurement mechanism through the acquisition configuration terminal 34. The partial discharge judgment conditions are determined based on the on-site background interference records, sensor bandwidth, cabinet location, and confirmed normal records, and insulation abnormality is not directly determined by the amplitude of a single pulse exceeding a fixed value.

[0173] Temperature sensors 26 are installed at the cable connectors of K0, K1, and K2, respectively, while environmental sensor 27 is installed inside the cabinet, away from the heat-generating power supply module. Under normal conditions, the sampling period for both temperature and environmental data is set to 60 seconds. When it is necessary to confirm an abnormal thermal response, the monitoring controller 16 adjusts the sampling period of the target temperature channel to 5 seconds, with the supplementary sampling duration determined based on the thermal time constant of the connection point. The temperature channel maintains its original sampling time, and the data from the 60-second sampling period is not interpolated to rapid temperature data during operation.

[0174] The unified time resolution of the monitoring controller 16 is set to 0.1 milliseconds. Primary electrical quantities, coil current, and mechanism vibration channels all generate hardware timestamps at the acquisition interface. The event log of the protection device 15 retains the original event time and message reception time of the protection device. The ring buffer 47 stores fast sampling data for 5 seconds before the action, the action process, and 10 seconds after the action. The partial discharge channel stores pulse data segments before and after the event trigger, while the temperature and environmental channels store the original slow sampling data before and after the corresponding events.

[0175] Based on the factory operation records and confirmed normal operation records after commissioning of this type of switch, the allowable time difference between the operation command and the occurrence of coil current is set to 5 to 15 milliseconds; the allowable time difference between the occurrence of coil current and the occurrence of mechanism vibration is set to 10 to 25 milliseconds; the allowable time difference between the occurrence of mechanism vibration and the corresponding change in primary current is set to 0 to 15 milliseconds; and the allowable time difference between the change in primary current and the stable flipping of auxiliary contacts is set to 0 to 20 milliseconds. These time intervals are associated with the switchgear model, operating mechanism model, and data acquisition channel version. When the operating mechanism is repaired, the coil is replaced, the auxiliary contacts are adjusted, or the data acquisition device is replaced, the original time interval version is discontinued, and a new time interval version is established using new factory retest records or confirmed normal operation records.

[0176] Clock rate correction factor for acquisition device The allowable range is set to 0.999900 to 1.000100, which is determined based on the local clock accuracy and time correction period of the acquisition device. Clock skew from different data sources... and response delay The responses are obtained separately from confirmed physical events. The response delays of mechanical vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contacts can only be updated within the corresponding causal interval of the action, preventing data that does not conform to physical causality from being classified into the same event by arbitrarily adjusting the response delay.

[0177] The allowable range of current conservation residuals is determined based on the accuracy of current measurement, three-phase phasor calculation error, time alignment error, and normal load fluctuations. In this embodiment, the upper limit of the allowable nodal current conservation residual used to illustrate the calculation process is set to 0.030. Set to 1 ampere. The criterion for determining abnormal contributions from the target data source is set to 0.600. Set to 0.001, and require that after the target data source is replaced, there are two independent physical relationships that restore consistency. The above values ​​are parameterized examples configured for this application. In actual use, corresponding versions should be established based on the accuracy of the measuring element, rated parameters, channel calibration results, and confirmed normal records.

[0178] The following example illustrates the system execution process using the inconsistency between a closing event and the subsequent current measurement in the second outgoing line bay K2. Before K2 performs the closing action, the monitoring controller 16 reads the primary wiring status as K0 and K1 being in the closed state and K2 being in the open state. The K2 branch does not participate in the current conservation calculation of the bus connection node. The protection device 15 is still connected to the switch trip circuit 18 via an independent hard-wired protection path, and the monitoring controller 16 only reads the monitoring output and action record of the protection device 15.

[0179] After K2 receives the closing command, the command data source, coil current data source, mechanism vibration data source, primary current data source, and auxiliary contact data source each generate a response. Assume this action belongs to the third confirmed event used for time correction. The original time recorded by the command data source is 1300000.000 milliseconds, the original time recorded by the coil current data source is 1300003.200 milliseconds, the original time recorded by the mechanism vibration data source is 1300033.500 milliseconds, the original time recorded by the primary current data source is 1300032.000 milliseconds, and the original time recorded by the auxiliary contact data source is 1300073.000 milliseconds.

[0180] If we directly compare the original timestamps, the time difference between the command and the coil current is 3.200 milliseconds, which is less than the lower limit of 5 milliseconds; the time difference between the coil current and the mechanism vibration is 30.300 milliseconds, which is greater than the upper limit of 25 milliseconds; the original time of the primary current data source is 1.500 milliseconds earlier than the mechanism vibration data source; and the original time difference between the primary current and the auxiliary contact is 41.000 milliseconds, which is greater than the upper limit of 20 milliseconds. Directly using the original timestamps will cause apparent timing contradictions in multiple adjacent action stages of the same action.

[0181] The monitoring controller 16, combining the two previously confirmed events, jointly calculates the clock rate, clock skew, and response delay for each data source. The coil current data source corresponds to... It is 1.000020. Approximately -21.201 milliseconds. Approximately 8.000 milliseconds; the source of the mechanism vibration data corresponds to It is 1.000010. Approximately -20.500 milliseconds. Approximately 26,000 milliseconds; primary current data source corresponding to It is 1.000015. Approximately -17.501 milliseconds, Approximately 34,000 milliseconds; auxiliary contact data source corresponding to It is 0.999990. Approximately -17.999 milliseconds. It takes approximately 42,000 milliseconds.

[0182] through Figure 2After the time correction process shown, the unified physical event time corresponding to the command response is 1300000.000 milliseconds, the position of the coil current response converted to the unified time coordinate is 1300008.000 milliseconds, the position of the mechanism vibration response is 1300026.000 milliseconds, the position of the primary current response is 1300034.000 milliseconds, and the position of the auxiliary contact stable flipping is 1300042.000 milliseconds. The time differences between adjacent responses are 8.000 milliseconds, 18.000 milliseconds, 8.000 milliseconds, and 8.000 milliseconds, respectively, which are within the corresponding allowable response ranges.

[0183] The coil current, mechanism vibration, primary current, and auxiliary contact all originate from different physical measurement paths, and their response directions are consistent with the closing of K2. Furthermore, the corrected time difference conforms to the causal sequence of the closing action. The event and time correction module 42 identifies the above response combination as the same physical event of K2 closing and locks the pre-action, action process, and post-action data in the annular buffer 47. After the K2 action, the auxiliary contact 23 displays the closing status, and simultaneously, primary current appears in the K2 branch. Therefore, the evidence and physical constraint module 43 updates the K2 branch from the disconnected state to the connected state.

[0184] During the stabilization time window after the K2 closing transient ends, the A-phase current measured by the three main current acquisition channels are as follows: current of incoming line interval K0. The current in the first outgoing line interval K1 is 180 amps. The current of the second outgoing line interval K2 is 100 amps. The rating is 62 amps. It is stipulated that the incoming current flowing into the busbar is positive, and the current flowing out of the two outgoing lines is negative. Take 180 amps, Take 1 amp. The bus node current conservation residual is:

[0185] The result is greater than the upper limit of the allowable residual error for node current conservation of 0.030, indicating that the three main current acquisition results cannot jointly satisfy the bus node current conservation relationship after K2 is closed. However, the individual current values ​​of K0, K1 and K2 do not exceed the rated current of 630 Amperes, and this measurement inconsistency cannot be detected by simply checking whether each current channel exceeds the rated limit.

[0186] Before independent verification current data is obtained, the source replacement module 44 replaces the three main current data sources respectively. When the K0 current data source is set as the target data source, the replacement data constructed based on the two outgoing currents is as follows:

[0187] When the K1 current data source is set as the target data source, the alternative data constructed based on the incoming current and K2 current is as follows:

[0188] When the K2 current data source is set as the target data source, the alternative data constructed based on the incoming current and K1 current is as follows:

[0189] After replacing the corresponding target data sources with 162 amps, 118 amps, and 80 amps respectively, the node current conservation residuals all become 0. Therefore, based solely on a single node current conservation equation, it is impossible to determine which of the main current data sources among K0, K1, and K2 is abnormal. The anomaly separation module 45 does not directly output the anomaly source by selecting any substitution result, but instead follows... Figure 6 The process shown generates an insufficient evidence result. The unmet verification condition recorded in this result is the lack of verification current data that is independent of the three main current acquisition channels.

[0190] The supplementary acquisition and output module 46 establishes a supplementary acquisition task. The target of the supplementary acquisition task is the independent verification current channels of K0, K1, and K2. The task sampling frequency is set to 12.8 kHz, the acquisition period covers 5 seconds of data under the current stable load condition, and the task ends when multiple consecutive power frequency cycle phasors with valid data quality are obtained. The supplementary acquisition task only wakes up the verification current measurement channel, does not change the calibration parameters of the main current acquisition channel, does not change the protection settings of the protection device 15, and does not send action commands to switches K0, K1, or K2.

[0191] The verification current channel uses a different current sensing element and an independent acquisition circuit than the main current acquisition channel. The verification current of K0 is obtained through supplementary acquisition. The recalculated current of K1 is 180 amps. The recalculated current of K2 is 100 amps. The amperage is 80 amps. The sampling times of the three verification data sources are corrected for uniform time and then correspond to the main current acquisition time window.

[0192] The consistency residuals between the main current data source and the verification current data source are as follows:

[0193]

[0194]

[0195] This source differentiation calculation uses , , and If the four residuals are weighted equally, then:

[0196] When the K2 main current data source is set as the target data source, an 80 amp sample constructed from the K0 and K1 main currents is used as a substitute data. The node current conservation residual and the K2 measurement consistency residual are both 0 after the substitution. Therefore:

[0197]

[0198] The anomalous contribution of the K2 target data source is 1.000, which is greater than the criterion of 0.600. The node current conservation relationship and the independent verification measurement relationship are simultaneously restored to consistency after replacing the K2 main current data source.

[0199] When the K0 main current data source is set as the target data source, the replacement data 162 amps and the verification current are used. The difference is 18 amps; when the K1 main current data source is set as the target data source, the replacement data is 118 amps and the verification current is... The difference is 18 amps. (Two replacement methods) Both are 0.050, corresponding to The values ​​are all 0, which cannot explain the contradiction between the source of the K2 main current data and the source of the verification data.

[0200] After supplementary data acquisition and target data source replacement calculations, only replacing the K2 main current data source can simultaneously reduce the node current conservation residual and the independent verification measurement residual. The main current data sources of K0 and K1 are supported by independent verification data sources, and the verification current of K2 is 80 amps, which is the same as the replacement current of K2 constructed from K0 and K1. Therefore, the anomaly separation module 45 outputs an acquisition communication anomaly and marks the K2 main current acquisition channel as the source of the anomaly.

[0201] In this application scenario, the vibration of the mechanism after K2 is closed, the appearance of the primary current, and the flipping of the auxiliary contacts all conform to the corrected action sequence, so there is no evidence to support an abnormality in the secondary action chain. After replacing the 80 amp current with K2, K0, K1, and K2 once again satisfy the bus node current conservation relationship, and the independently verified current does not support the occurrence of an 18 amp current loss in the primary conductive circuit, so no primary equipment abnormality is output.

[0202] For the same input data, if only the single-channel rated limit is used for judgment, the measured value of the K2 main current, 62 amps, does not exceed the rated current of 630 amps, and will not result in a current exceeding the limit. If only the node current conservation relationship is used, a node current conservation residual of 0.100 can be obtained, but if any of the data sources in K0, K1, and K2 is replaced, this residual will become 0, and the source of the anomaly cannot be determined. After using the time correction, primary wiring relationship update, physical residual calculation, insufficient evidence output, directional supplementary acquisition, and target data source replacement process of this embodiment, the K2 main current acquisition channel can be distinguished as an anomaly source. The above comparison is a comparison of the calculation path of the same set of parameterized inputs and does not represent the conclusion of field accuracy or statistical performance.

[0203] Throughout the entire process, the monitoring controller 16 did not send a closing or opening command to K2, did not modify the protection settings of the protection device 15, did not block the independent hard-wired protection path from the protection device 15 to the switch tripping circuit 18, and did not write the substitute current back to the protection device 15. The substitute current was only used for monitoring residual recalculation and anomaly source differentiation, and the original main current measurement value and the substitute data were stored separately in the evidence record.

[0204] The present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments. The foregoing embodiments are used to illustrate the connection relationships, data processing relationships, and calculation processes between various technical features, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Equivalent substitutions or corresponding adjustments made by those skilled in the art to the data sampling method, sensor type, interface form, method for determining the allowable response range, and equivalent parameter expression method without departing from the technical concept of the present invention should all be evaluated within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network enclosure based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that, include: S1 reads the primary wiring, switch position and channel calibration information of the primary and secondary integrated ring network box, establishes source identification for the data channel, and collects primary electrical quantities, secondary action quantities, mechanical vibration, partial discharge and thermal environment data; S2, extract the response time of the same switch action from two independent data sources, and determine the response combination that conforms to the causal order of the switch action as a physical event; S3 corrects the clock offset, drift and response delay of each source based on the physical event, converts the local time of each source to a unified physical time, and forms a set of event evidence according to the pre-event state, action transition state and post-event state. S4. Update the wiring relationship based on the switch position in the event evidence set, and calculate the current and power conservation residual, switch action timing residual, thermal response residual and partial discharge cross-source consistency residual under the updated wiring relationship. S5, for the target data source involved in the residual calculation, construct alternative data based on independent data sources other than the target data source and the updated primary wiring relationship, replace the target data with the alternative data and recalculate the residual, and determine whether the target data source constitutes an abnormal source based on the change in residual before and after the replacement; S6. Based on the source of the anomaly and the distribution of each residual in the primary equipment, secondary action chain, and data acquisition and communication link, output the operation monitoring results of primary equipment anomaly, secondary action chain anomaly, acquisition and communication anomaly, or insufficient evidence; when the output evidence is insufficient, perform supplementary acquisition for the anomaly objects that could not be distinguished, and re-execute steps S2 to S6 using the supplementary data.

2. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: extracting the moment of state change from the opening / closing command or protection output, opening / closing coil current, mechanism vibration, auxiliary contacts, and primary current respectively; and recording any response moment as the local time recorded by data source s for physical event e. The system configures permissible response ranges corresponding to the switch models in the ring main unit for different response types; it combines the state change moments of different data sources according to the physical causal relationship between command or protection output, coil energization, mechanism action, main circuit current change and auxiliary contact change; it determines the corresponding response combination as the physical event only when the response directions of two independent data sources are consistent and their time difference can be attributed to the same switch action after being corrected by the permissible response range; wherein, the permissible response range is determined according to the factory action characteristic record of the corresponding switch model and the normal action record confirmed after commissioning, and a new range version is established after the switch mechanism is overhauled.

3. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the local time recorded by data source s for physical event e. The response time was obtained after conversion. ,and ,in, This is a clock rate correction factor. Clock offset; determine the response delay for the corresponding response type within the allowed response range. and with The unified physical event time corresponding to the response is represented by the time deviation of the response to the same physical event in different data sources and the cumulative deviation between physical events in different time periods. and The data with completed time conversion is encapsulated into the event evidence set according to the stable interval before the event, the switching action interval, and the stable interval after the event. The event evidence set saves the original time, unified physical time, time conversion version, switch position, source identifier, and response characteristics. For slow sampling data of temperature and humidity, the original sampling time and time uncertainty interval are retained, and the slow sampling data is not interpolated into fast sampling data within the switching action interval.

4. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: adjusting the corresponding branch in the primary wiring relationship to be in a conducting or disconnected state according to the opening and closing positions, and calculating the node current conservation residual according to the current direction of the conducting branch. , where the summation sign This represents the summation of the associated branches i of the node to be inspected. For the switch position of branch i A defined current direction factor, For branch current phasors, This is the current reference value corresponding to the current operating state. The preset minimum current normalized value is used, and the symbol |·| represents the phasor modulus; the power conservation residual is calculated based on the incoming power, the conducting power of the outgoing line, and the ring network box loss; the switching action timing residual is calculated based on the deviation between the uniform physical time difference between adjacent action responses and the allowable response interval; the thermal response residual is calculated based on the time correlation between the heating change caused by the load current and the measured temperature change; the partial discharge cross-source consistency residual is calculated based on the uniform physical time, power frequency phase, and propagation delay of pulse events in different discharge detection channels, and the equipment node and data source corresponding to each residual are retained.

5. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S5 includes: converting each residual into dimensionless residuals according to its measurement accuracy and allowable deviation, and forming the total residual before replacement. For the target data source s, redundant measurement values ​​from different sampling channels are used, or the updated primary wiring relationship and its current, power, timing, or thermal response constraints are used to obtain alternative data for the target data source. After replacing the target data source with the alternative data, the total residual after replacement is obtained while keeping other data unchanged. and in accordance with Identify anomalous contributions from the target data source ,in, The minimum positive residual normalized value; when the target data source is replaced, and multiple physical residuals related to it decrease synchronously and the abnormal contribution reaches the judgment condition of the corresponding data source, the target data source is identified as an abnormal source; multiple derived quantities calculated from the original measurement value of the same sensor are classified into the same evidence family and are not used as mutually independent verification basis.

6. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: when multiple independent pieces of evidence from different measurement mechanisms jointly support the same device node at a unified physical time, primary wiring position, and device spatial position, and replacing a single data source cannot eliminate the corresponding physical residual, output a primary device anomaly; when a circuit breaker command or protection output has occurred, but the coil current, mechanism vibration, auxiliary contacts, and primary current do not respond according to the causal sequence of switch actions, output a secondary action chain anomaly based on the response interruption position; when the relevant physical residual decreases after replacing the target data source, and other independent data sources re-satisfy the primary wiring relationship or the causal sequence of switch actions, output an acquisition communication anomaly and mark the target data source; when the independent evidence obtained for the above anomaly categories is insufficient or different anomaly categories are still supported by the same evidence, output insufficient evidence and record the missing verification objects.

7. The method for monitoring the operation of a primary and secondary fusion ring network box based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the output evidence is insufficient, a supplementary acquisition task is generated based on the missing verification object, causing the data acquisition device to perform the following corresponding operations: initiate short-time waveform recording for primary electrical quantities or coil currents, request rereading of the original event sequence record for secondary action records, shorten the sampling period of the corresponding temperature measurement channel for temperature anomalies, initiate a confirmation channel with a different mechanism than the current discharge detection channel for partial discharge anomalies, or read the independent redundant current measurement results of the same branch; the supplementary acquisition task has a task identifier, target channel, acquisition period, and recovery conditions, and returns to the normal acquisition state after the supplementary acquisition is completed; the supplementary acquisition task does not send opening and closing commands to the primary switch, does not change the relay protection settings, and does not block the independent protection path from the protection device to the trip circuit.

8. A primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring system based on multi-source data fusion, characterized in that, It includes a primary electrical quantity acquisition interface, a secondary motion quantity acquisition interface, a mechanical vibration sensor, a partial discharge sensor, a thermal environment sensor, a monitoring controller, and a monitoring communication terminal; The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface is electrically connected to the current measuring element and voltage measuring element inside the ring main unit. The secondary action quantity acquisition interface is connected to the monitoring output terminal of the protection device, the coil current detection terminal of the operating mechanism, and the auxiliary contact of the switch, respectively. The mechanical vibration sensor is fixedly connected to the component that can transmit the vibration of the switching mechanism. The partial discharge sensor is installed in the cabinet where the live parts of the ring main unit are located. The thermal environment sensor includes a temperature sensor installed at the conductive connection part and an environmental sensor installed inside the cabinet. The data input terminal of the monitoring controller is connected to the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface, the secondary motion quantity acquisition interface, the mechanical vibration sensor, the partial discharge sensor, and the thermal environment sensor, respectively. The communication terminal of the monitoring controller is connected to the monitoring communication terminal. The monitoring controller includes a source registration and acquisition module, an event and time correction module, an evidence and physical constraint module, a source replacement module, an anomaly separation module, and a supplementary acquisition and output module. The source registration and acquisition module establishes source identifiers based on primary wiring, switch positions, and channel calibration information, and acquires corresponding monitoring data through the acquisition interface and sensors. The event and time correction module identifies the physical event of the same switch action from two independent data sources, corrects clock offsets, drift, and response delays of each source, and forms an event evidence set under a unified physical time. The evidence and physical constraint module updates the primary wiring relationship based on the switch position and calculates current and power conservation residuals. The residuals include switch action timing, thermal response, and partial discharge cross-source consistency. The source replacement module constructs alternative data based on independent data sources other than the target data source and the updated primary wiring relationship, and compares the residuals before and after replacing the target data. The anomaly separation module distinguishes between primary equipment anomalies, secondary action chain anomalies, acquisition communication anomalies, and insufficient evidence based on the distribution of the residuals and changes before and after replacement. The supplementary acquisition and output module adjusts the acquisition status of the corresponding monitoring channel when evidence is insufficient, and outputs the operation monitoring results and evidence records through the monitoring communication terminal. The protection output of the protection device is connected to the switch tripping circuit via a hard-wired protection path independent of the monitoring controller.

9. The primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring system based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 8, characterized in that, The primary electrical quantity acquisition interface includes a current acquisition channel connected to an electronic current transformer and a voltage acquisition channel connected to an electronic voltage transformer; the secondary action quantity acquisition interface is connected to the opening and closing command monitoring terminal, the opening and closing coil current detection terminal, and the auxiliary contact monitoring terminal in parallel monitoring mode, and is not connected in series with the opening and closing control circuit; the monitoring controller is equipped with a ring buffer, which stores the pre-action data, action transition data, and post-action data of the primary electrical quantity and coil current, and locks the data of the corresponding time period after the event and time correction module confirms the physical event; the monitoring communication terminal is used to upload the operation monitoring results and their corresponding source identifier, time conversion version, residual, and supplementary acquisition task records.

10. The primary and secondary fusion ring network box operation monitoring system based on multi-source data fusion according to claim 8, characterized in that, The supplementary acquisition and output module is connected to the acquisition configuration terminals of the primary electrical quantity acquisition interface, the secondary motion quantity acquisition interface, the partial discharge sensor, and the thermal environment sensor. It is used to send sampling adjustment instructions or channel wake-up instructions to the corresponding acquisition configuration terminals based on insufficient evidence in the operation monitoring results, and to send regular acquisition recovery instructions after the task end conditions are met. The supplementary acquisition and output module is also used to establish evidence records for each operation monitoring result. The evidence records are associated with the original data summary, switch position, time correction parameters, physical residuals, anomaly source, supported anomaly category, unmet verification conditions, and supplementary acquisition results.

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