A scanning accuracy optimization method and system for phased array radar

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of radar signal processing technology, specifically to a method and system for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar. The method includes: constructing an array element response data set; decoupling and separating multi-source coupling errors to obtain independent error components for each error source; calculating independent correction parameters for each error source; determining the compensation weights for each array element; and adjusting the beam weights for each array element. This invention injects a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the phased array radar array and performs progressive decoupling and separation of multi-source coupling errors based on the physical characteristics of different error sources. This decomposes the mutually coupled error components into independent error components for each error source and calculates independent correction parameters, fundamentally eliminating the calibration residue caused by neglecting the coupling effect of error sources in existing technologies, and improving the scanning accuracy of phased array radar under complex operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radar signal processing technology, and specifically to a method and system for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar. Background Technology

[0002] Phased array radars, with their advantages of flexible beam scanning and strong multi-target tracking capabilities, have been widely used in aerospace telemetry and control, border reconnaissance, and defense of low-speed, small targets. Their scanning accuracy directly determines the accuracy of target positioning and tracking stability. The scanning accuracy of phased array radars is constrained by multiple error sources, including array element amplitude and phase errors, temperature drift errors, antenna structure deformation errors, beam pointing calculation errors, and vibration interference errors. These error sources exhibit significant coupling effects. For example, increased ambient temperature can cause amplitude and phase drift in the T / R components and also lead to thermal deformation of the antenna array. Both factors contribute to beam pointing deviation, creating a complex error that is difficult to eliminate using a single method.

[0003] Existing methods for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radars are usually based on the assumption that the error sources are independent and perform independent amplitude and phase calibration on each array element. However, they do not fully consider the coupling effect between multiple error sources, which leads to the inability to accurately separate the mutually coupled error components. Significant coupling errors remain after calibration, which in turn cause beam pointing deviation, main lobe broadening, and side lobe level rise. The degradation of radar scanning accuracy is particularly obvious under complex conditions such as severe temperature fluctuations or wide-angle scanning. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and system for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar to solve existing problems.

[0005] The present invention provides a scanning accuracy optimization method and system for phased array radar, which adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for optimizing the scanning accuracy of a phased array radar. The method includes: injecting a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into a phased array radar array; under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions, collecting response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal to construct an array element response data set; decoupling and separating multi-source coupling errors based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain independent error components of each error source; calculating independent correction parameters for each error source based on the independent error components; determining compensation weights for each array element based on the independent correction parameters; and adjusting beam weights for each array element based on the compensation weights.

[0006] Further, the step of decoupling and separating multi-source coupled errors based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain independent error components of each error source includes: determining the original amplitude and phase errors of each array element relative to the standard calibration signal in the array element response data set; extracting a common temperature error component from the original amplitude and phase errors based on the continuity of temperature errors; extracting a mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component based on the structural characteristics of array element mutual coupling; extracting an array element position error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component based on the linear dependence of phase error relative to the scanning angle; and determining the independent amplitude and phase error components of each error source; wherein the independent amplitude and phase error component is the remaining amplitude and phase error after sequentially removing the common temperature error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, and the array element position error component from the original amplitude and phase error.

[0007] Furthermore, the step of extracting the temperature common error component from the original amplitude and phase error includes: performing spatial domain smoothing on the original amplitude and phase error to filter out discrete nonlinear errors and obtain the temperature common error component.

[0008] Further, extracting the mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component includes: constructing a mutual coupling model characterizing the mutual coupling relationship between array elements based on the characteristic that the degree of mutual coupling between array elements changes with the relative position of array elements; determining the theoretical array element response based on the mutual coupling model, the ideal beam weights, and the standard calibration signal; constructing a mapping relationship between the theoretical array element response and the array element response data set; performing optimization fitting on the mapping relationship based on the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component to solve for the mutual coupling parameters in the mutual coupling model; and determining the mutual coupling effect error component based on the mutual coupling parameters.

[0009] Further, the step of extracting the array element position error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component includes: extracting the phase error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component; selecting the phase error components corresponding to multiple different scanning angles under the same temperature condition, and establishing the correlation between the phase error component and the array element position error component; wherein the change of the phase error component with the scanning angle is caused by the array element position error component; and performing a fitting solution on the correlation based on the phase error components corresponding to the multiple different scanning angles to determine the array element position error component of each array element.

[0010] Further, the step of calculating the independent correction parameters of each error source based on the independent error components includes: calculating an amplitude correction coefficient for correcting the output amplitude of the array element to a standard amplitude based on the amplitude error in the independent amplitude and phase error components; calculating a phase correction coefficient for correcting the output phase of the array element to a standard phase based on the phase error in the independent amplitude and phase error components; and calculating the position offset of each array element based on the array element position error components.

[0011] Further, determining the compensation weights of each array element based on the independent correction parameters includes: calculating the ideal beamforming weights based on the ideal positions of the array elements; compensating for the ideal weights based on the position offset; performing amplitude and phase correction on the weights after position offset compensation based on the amplitude correction coefficient and the phase correction coefficient to obtain the compensation weights of each array element; and dynamically updating and sending the compensation weights to the transceiver modules of each array element according to changes in temperature and scanning angle during radar operation, so as to adjust the transmission amplitude and phase of each array element.

[0012] Furthermore, the method further includes: calculating the beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise based on the array element response data set; determining the degree of coupling error impact for each operating condition based on the beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise; wherein the degree of coupling error impact is used to quantify the impact of coupling error on scanning accuracy; and determining whether the array element response data set corresponding to each operating condition needs to be decoupled and the decoupling priority when decoupling is required based on the degree of coupling error impact.

[0013] Furthermore, after adjusting the beam weights of each array element based on the compensation weights, the method further includes: acquiring compensated array element response data and calculating compensated beam performance parameters; comparing the beam performance parameters with a preset scanning accuracy threshold; if the beam performance parameters do not meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold, then re-acquiring array element response data and constructing an array element response data set, and repeatedly executing the decoupling separation, the calculation of the independent correction parameters, the determination of the compensation weights, and the adjustment of the beam weights until the beam performance parameters meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold.

[0014] Secondly, another embodiment of the present invention provides a scanning accuracy optimization system for phased array radar, including an edge server and an error data acquisition module communicatively connected to the edge server, wherein: The error data acquisition module is used to inject a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the phased array radar array. Under the conditions of temperature and scanning angle changes, it acquires the response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal and sends the response data to the edge server. The edge server is used to receive the array element response data set sent by the error data acquisition module, and based on the array element response data set, decouple and separate the multi-source coupling error according to the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain the independent error components of each error source. Based on the independent error components, the independent correction parameters of each error source are calculated, the compensation weight of each array element is determined based on the independent correction parameters, and the beam weight of each array element is adjusted based on the compensation weight.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are: In this embodiment of the invention, a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase is injected into the phased array radar array. Under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions, response data of each element in the phased array radar array is collected under the excitation of the standard calibration signal to construct an element response data set. Based on the element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources, multi-source coupling errors are decoupled and separated to obtain independent error components of each error source. Based on the independent error components, independent correction parameters for each error source are calculated. Based on the independent correction parameters, compensation weights for each element are determined. Based on the compensation weights, beam weights for each element are adjusted.

[0016] This invention, by injecting standard calibration signals with known amplitude and phase into a phased array radar array, constructs an array element response data set under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions. Based on the physical characteristics of different error sources, it performs progressive decoupling and separation of multi-source coupling errors, decomposing mutually coupled error components into independent error components for each error source and calculating independent correction parameters. This fundamentally eliminates calibration residues caused by neglecting the coupling effect of error sources in existing technologies, improving the scanning accuracy of phased array radar under complex conditions. Furthermore, it extracts common temperature error components using the spatial continuity of temperature errors, extracts mutual coupling effect error components based on the structural characteristics of the mutual coupling degree of array elements changing with relative position, and extracts array element position error components based on the linear dependence of phase error relative to scanning angle, achieving multi-source coupling error separation. The precise, progressive decomposition of source coupling errors provides an accurate and independent correction basis for subsequent beam weight compensation. Furthermore, by mapping the decoupled independent correction parameters to beamforming weight compensation amounts, and by adjusting the transmit / receive weights of each array element in real time, the effects of common temperature errors, mutual coupling effect errors, position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors on beam pointing, main lobe width, and side lobe levels are directly offset at the beamforming level, avoiding beam performance degradation caused by residual coupling errors after traditional independent calibration. Additionally, beam performance parameters are calculated by collecting compensated array element response data and compared with preset scanning accuracy thresholds. If the threshold is not met, the decoupling and weight compensation process is re-executed, forming a closed-loop iterative mechanism for scanning accuracy optimization, ensuring continuous convergence and stable achievement of the compensation effect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar provided in this application embodiment; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for optimizing the scanning accuracy of a phased array radar in a specific application scenario provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a scanning accuracy optimization system for phased array radar provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, provides a detailed account of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the method proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0021] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a scanning accuracy optimization method and system for phased array radar provided by the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for optimizing the scanning accuracy of a phased array radar, including: Step S110: Inject a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the phased array radar array. Under the conditions of temperature and scanning angle changes, collect the response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal, and construct an array element response data set.

[0023] The aforementioned phased array radar array is an antenna array formed by arranging a large number of independent electromagnetic wave radiating or receiving elements according to specific geometric configuration rules. Each element is equipped with an independent phase and amplitude control channel. By applying differentiated phase weights and amplitude weights to each element, the electromagnetic waves radiated by each element produce interference effects of in-phase superposition or reverse cancellation in a specific direction in space. This enables rapid electronically controlled deflection of beam pointing, flexible reconstruction of beam shape, and parallel formation of multiple beams without the need for mechanical rotation of the antenna body.

[0024] It is understandable that temperature changes cause thermal deformation of the antenna array and drift in the amplitude and phase characteristics of the T / R components, while changes in the scanning angle alter the spatial phase relationship and mutual coupling environment between array elements. These two factors together constitute the main external excitation conditions for multi-source coupling errors. To fully capture the behavior of coupling errors under different external conditions, data acquisition needs to be carried out under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions, covering the extreme environments that radar may encounter in actual operation.

[0025] The injection of standard calibration signals can be implemented in several ways: one option is to feed the standard signal in continuous wave form into each receiving channel through the array's built-in coupler; another option is to radiate the standard signal into the array through an auxiliary calibration antenna; another option is to illuminate the array with a far-field standard signal source. Before injection, the signal stability must be tested to ensure that amplitude and phase fluctuations are within preset tolerances, and the consistency of the received signals of each array element must be verified.

[0026] Under each set operating condition, the output amplitude and phase of each array element relative to the standard calibration signal are collected sequentially. To suppress random noise interference, the same operating condition can be repeatedly sampled and averaged. The amplitude and phase responses of each array element under each operating condition are organized according to the operating condition dimension, array element dimension, and amplitude and phase dimension to construct a structured array element response data set, forming a digital dataset containing coupling error information for all operating conditions.

[0027] The above scheme uses a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase as the input reference. By comparing the deviation between the actual output of each array element and the theoretical expectation, the original amplitude and phase errors embedded with multi-source coupling information are obtained. Data acquisition is carried out under multiple temperature and scanning angle conditions to obtain a complete mapping relationship between coupling errors and external conditions, providing a data foundation covering the entire working domain for subsequent progressive decoupling and separation based on the physical characteristics of different error sources.

[0028] Step S120: Based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources, decouple and separate the multi-source coupled errors to obtain the independent error components of each error source.

[0029] It is understandable that the root cause of the degradation in the scanning accuracy of phased array radar lies in the coupling effect between multiple error sources. Temperature drift, element mutual coupling, structural deformation, and independent amplitude and phase errors do not act in isolation on the element response, but are intertwined within the same set of element response data. If unified compensation is directly implemented based on the comprehensive error containing multi-source coupling information, the independent contribution of each error source cannot be accurately identified, leading to a mismatch between the correction parameters and the error sources. Even after compensation, a non-negligible coupling error remains, causing beam pointing deviation, main lobe broadening, and side lobe level rise. The element response data set, as a complete record of the deviation between the actual output of the elements and the standard calibration signal under all operating conditions, carries all the information of multi-source coupling errors and is the only data basis for implementing error decomposition. Different error sources have their own inherent physical characteristics. Temperature error exhibits continuity in spatial distribution, the degree of element mutual coupling shows regular structural characteristics with relative position, and the phase deviation caused by position error shows a linear dependence with respect to the scanning angle. These differentiated physical characteristics constitute the essential basis for distinguishing each error source. Only by using the array element response data set and fully utilizing the inherent physical characteristics of different error sources to implement decoupling and separation can the mutually coupled composite error be decomposed into independent error components of each error source, thereby providing an accurate basis for subsequent calculation of independent correction parameters of each error source and fundamentally eliminating the impact of multi-source coupling effect on scanning accuracy.

[0030] Optionally, step S120 includes: determining the original amplitude and phase errors of each array element relative to the standard calibration signal in the array element response data set; extracting the temperature common error component from the original amplitude and phase errors based on the continuity of the temperature error; extracting the mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the temperature common error component based on the structural characteristics of the mutual coupling of the array elements; extracting the array element position error component from the remaining error after removing the temperature common error component and the mutual coupling effect error component based on the linear dependence of the phase error on the scanning angle; determining the independent amplitude and phase error components of each error source; wherein, the independent amplitude and phase error component is the remaining amplitude and phase error after sequentially removing the temperature common error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, and the array element position error component from the original amplitude and phase error.

[0031] The aforementioned raw amplitude and phase errors represent the deviations between the actual responses of each array element and the standard calibration signal, characterizing the comprehensive performance of multi-source coupling errors at the array element level. The raw amplitude and phase errors consist of two parts: amplitude error and phase error, which are respectively determined by the first... The output amplitude of each element under actual working conditions Amplitude of standard calibration signal The difference, and the first The output phase of each element under actual operating conditions Phase with standard calibration signal The difference is calculated as follows: , In the formula, Number the array elements. and The dimensions are voltage or relative amplitude. and The dimension of is angle. The original amplitude and phase error serves as the starting point for decoupling and separation operations, and includes comprehensive information from the coupling of common temperature errors, mutual coupling effect errors, array element position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors.

[0032] The above scheme employs a progressive decoupling and separation approach based on the fact that different error sources have inherently different physical characteristics. Therefore, various error components are gradually stripped from the original amplitude and phase errors in a specific order. Each time an error component is extracted, that component is removed from the current remaining error to obtain an updated remaining error, which serves as the input for the next level of error component extraction. This progressive logic ensures that error sources that can be identified based on significant physical characteristics are separated first.

[0033] The aforementioned common temperature error component is an amplitude-phase error that is continuous in the spatial distribution of the array due to temperature changes. Based on the continuity of the spatial distribution of temperature error, this component can be extracted from the original amplitude-phase error. The common temperature error component characterizes the common influence of temperature drift on the array element response. After extraction, this component is removed from the original amplitude-phase error to obtain the first residual amplitude-phase error, which includes mutual coupling effect error, array element position error, and independent amplitude-phase error.

[0034] The aforementioned mutual coupling effect error component is the amplitude and phase error caused by the mutual coupling of electromagnetic energy between array elements. Based on the structural characteristic that the degree of mutual coupling between array elements varies with their relative positions, this component can be extracted from the first residual amplitude and phase error. The mutual coupling effect error component reflects the disturbance of the respective responses of adjacent array elements by electromagnetic coupling. After extraction, this component is removed from the first residual amplitude and phase error to obtain the second residual amplitude and phase error, which includes array element position errors and independent amplitude and phase errors.

[0035] The aforementioned element position error component is the amplitude and phase error caused by the physical position offset of the element. Based on the linear dependence of the phase error on the scanning angle, this component can be extracted from the second residual amplitude and phase error. The element position error component reflects the influence of the path difference change caused by structural deformation or installation deviation on the phase response. After extraction, this component is removed from the second residual amplitude and phase error to obtain the third residual amplitude and phase error, which is the independent amplitude and phase error component.

[0036] In the progressive decoupling and separation process, the residual error is updated by removing the extracted error components layer by layer. The first residual amplitude-phase error after removing the temperature-related common error component is expressed as: , The second residual amplitude-phase error after removing the mutual coupling effect error component is expressed as: , In the formula, and These are the second residual amplitude error and the second residual phase error, respectively. and These are the first residual amplitude error and the first residual phase error, respectively; and These are the common temperature amplitude error component and the common temperature phase error component, respectively. and These are the amplitude error component and the phase error component of the mutual coupling effect, respectively, and the dimensions of each parameter are consistent with the original amplitude and phase errors. The third residual amplitude and phase error after removing the element position error component is expressed as: , In the formula, and These are the amplitude and phase components of the array element position error, respectively. Since the effect of the array element position offset on the amplitude response is negligible and approaches zero; and These are the third residual amplitude error and the third residual phase error, respectively; the dimensions of each parameter are consistent with the original amplitude and phase errors. The independent amplitude and phase error components are finally expressed as: , In the formula, and These are the third residual amplitude error and the third residual phase error, respectively, after sequentially removing the temperature common error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, and the array element position error component from the original amplitude and phase error.

[0037] In the above scheme, different error sources leave coupling traces with unique physical characteristics in the array element response data set. Temperature error exhibits spatial continuity, mutual coupling effect shows structural variation with the relative position of array elements, and position error exhibits linear phase characteristics related to the scanning angle. By performing layer-by-layer stripping according to the differences in the above physical characteristics, the intertwined composite error can be decomposed into independent error components for each error source, thereby avoiding parameter mismatch caused by unified compensation and laying a data foundation for subsequent independent calculation of correction parameters for each error source.

[0038] Optionally, the above-mentioned extraction of the temperature common error component from the original amplitude and phase error includes: performing spatial domain smoothing on the original amplitude and phase error to filter out discrete nonlinear errors and obtain the temperature common error component.

[0039] The aforementioned spatial domain smoothing is a signal processing technique that performs neighborhood aggregation operations on the original amplitude and phase errors in the array's spatial dimension. Its purpose is to extract common temperature components from the original amplitude and phase errors, which contain multi-source coupling information, by utilizing the continuous and gradual change characteristics of temperature errors in their spatial distribution. Temperature changes on the array manifest as a slow, gradual spatial process with small temperature differences between adjacent array elements, resulting in spatially continuous amplitude and phase errors. In contrast, discrete errors such as element position errors exhibit discontinuous, abrupt changes in their spatial distribution. Spatial domain smoothing effectively suppresses discrete abrupt changes while preserving the continuous, gradual trend, achieving preliminary separation of the two types of errors in the spatial scale.

[0040] Moving average smoothing can be implemented in several ways: For a one-dimensional linear array, a sliding window can be set along the element arrangement direction. An equal-weighted average or weighted average is performed on the original amplitude and phase errors of each element within the window. The smoothed result of the element at the center of the window is used as an estimate of the common temperature error of that element. The window size is determined based on the total array length and the rate of temperature gradient change. For a two-dimensional planar array, neighborhood averaging can be performed within the element arrangement plane, using the original amplitude and phase error data of neighboring elements around the central element for smoothing calculations. For elements at the array edges, where a standard moving average cannot be performed due to the lack of neighboring elements on one side, a mirror-symmetric expansion of the element data at both ends of the edge or an averaging method can be used to complete the neighborhood data, ensuring that the common temperature error components are completely extracted across the entire array.

[0041] The principle of filtering discrete nonlinear errors lies in separating temperature errors from discrete errors based on their differences in spatial spectral characteristics. Common temperature errors manifest as low-frequency, large-scale spatial gradients, while discrete nonlinear errors manifest as high-frequency, small-scale spatial jumps. Moving average, as a low-pass spatial filtering operation, suppresses high-frequency jump components by aggregating data within a local neighborhood, while retaining and extracting low-frequency continuous components. This effectively filters out discrete nonlinear errors from the original amplitude and phase errors, yielding the common temperature error components.

[0042] After spatial domain smoothing, the smoothing result for each array element is the common temperature error component, including the common temperature amplitude error and the common temperature phase error. Removing these common temperature error components from the original amplitude and phase errors yields the remaining amplitude and phase errors after removing the common temperature errors. These remaining amplitude and phase errors include mutual coupling effect errors, array element position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors, and serve as input data for subsequent extraction of the mutual coupling effect error components.

[0043] Optionally, the extraction of the mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component includes: constructing a mutual coupling model characterizing the mutual coupling relationship between array elements based on the characteristic that the degree of mutual coupling between array elements changes with the relative position of array elements; determining the theoretical array element response based on the mutual coupling model, ideal beam weights, and standard calibration signals; constructing a mapping relationship between the theoretical array element response and the array element response dataset; performing optimization fitting on the mapping relationship based on the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component to solve for the mutual coupling parameters in the mutual coupling model; and determining the mutual coupling effect error component based on the mutual coupling parameters.

[0044] The aforementioned mutual coupling model is a mathematical model characterizing the electromagnetic energy coupling relationship between array elements. When an array element radiates or receives electromagnetic waves, its electromagnetic field induces current or voltage in neighboring elements, causing the actual radiation characteristics of each element to deviate from their isolated state. This interaction is called element mutual coupling. Since the degree of mutual coupling between array elements in a uniformly arranged array mainly depends on their relative spatial positions, the mutual coupling model can be constructed based on the characteristic that the degree of mutual coupling between elements changes with their relative positions, and the coupling strength between each pair of elements can be quantified in matrix form.

[0045] The mutual coupling matrix of the Toeplitz structure can be constructed using the following implementation method: assuming the array contains Individual elements, mutually coupled model for Matrix, its first Line number Column elements satisfy In the formula, Indicates the spacing as The mutual coupling coefficients of the array element spacing, Corresponding self-coupling coefficient, The mutual coupling coefficients of adjacent array elements are calculated accordingly; The spacing between array elements is numbered, and all numbers are dimensionless integers. The dimensionless coupling coefficient characterizes the mutual coupling strength between array elements at a specific spacing. This structural property transforms the independent unknown parameters of the mutual coupling model from... The number of intervals is significantly reduced to a finite number, lowering the computational complexity of subsequent solutions. In practical applications, only the mutual coupling coefficients corresponding to the first few intervals need to be calculated to meet the accuracy requirements. For example, calculating... The three corresponding mutual coupling coefficients.

[0046] Based on the constructed Toeplitz structure mutual coupling matrix Ideal beam weights and standard calibration signal The theoretical array element response can be determined. Ideal beam weights. The complex weights are calculated based on the ideal positions of the array elements and the target scanning angle, and are used as standard calibration signals. The reference signal has known amplitude and phase. The theoretical element response is calculated using the following response equation: In the formula, This is the theoretical element response matrix; The weights are dimensionless complex numbers; The dimensions are voltage and angle. A mapping relationship is then constructed between the theoretical element response and the actual element responses collected in the element response data set. This mapping relationship uses a mutual coupling coefficient. The variable to be solved.

[0047] Using the residual error after removing the common temperature error components as a measure of the deviation between the actual and theoretical responses, an optimization fitting is performed on the above mapping relationship to solve for the mutual coupling coefficients in the mutual coupling matrix. The goal of optimization fitting is to find a set of mutual coupling coefficients that minimizes the deviation between the theoretical and actual element responses. This is achieved by minimizing the sum of squares of the differences between the actual and theoretical responses, i.e.: In the formula, This represents the actual response. Mutual coupling coefficients. The above optimization process ensures that the theoretical response has the best fit with the actual data.

[0048] The mutual coupling coefficients obtained from the optimization fitting solution Reconstruct the complete Toeplitz structure mutual coupling matrix The influence of mutual coupling effect on the amplitude and phase response of each array element is calculated, i.e., the mutual coupling effect error component. This component characterizes the amplitude and phase deviation caused by electromagnetic coupling between array elements. It is removed from the remaining amplitude and phase error after removing the common temperature error to obtain the remaining amplitude and phase error after removing the mutual coupling effect error. This remaining amplitude and phase error is used as the input data for the subsequent extraction of array element position error components.

[0049] The above scheme utilizes the physical law that the mutual coupling of array elements in a uniform array is only related to the relative spacing. By using the Toeplitz structure, the high-dimensional unknown space of the mutual coupling matrix is ​​compressed into a low-dimensional mutual coupling coefficient space. Then, a mapping relationship between the theoretical response and the actual response is established and least squares optimization fitting is performed to make the solved mutual coupling coefficients have the best fit with the actual measurement data. Finally, the mutual coupling coefficients are mapped to the amplitude and phase error contribution of each array element, realizing the effective separation of mutual coupling effect from temperature common error, position error and independent amplitude and phase error, and providing accurate intermediate layer error components for progressive decoupling.

[0050] Optionally, the extraction of array element position error components from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error components and the mutual coupling effect error components includes: extracting phase error components from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error components and the mutual coupling effect error components; selecting phase error components corresponding to multiple different scanning angles under the same temperature conditions, and establishing the correlation between the phase error components and the array element position error components; wherein the change of phase error components with scanning angle is caused by the array element position error components; and performing fitting solution on the correlation based on the phase error components corresponding to multiple different scanning angles to determine the array element position error components of each array element.

[0051] It is understandable that in a phased array radar array, each element is arranged according to a preset geometric coordinate. Actual manufacturing tolerances, assembly deviations, and structural deformation during long-term operation can all cause the elements to deviate from their ideal coordinate positions, resulting in spatial positional offsets. This positional offset changes the propagation path length of electromagnetic waves at the element, i.e., it produces a change in path difference, which in turn causes a phase change in the received or transmitted signal. In the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component, the phase error component related to the element positional offset has the characteristic of changing regularly with the scanning angle. This characteristic constitutes the physical basis for extracting the element positional error component from the remaining error.

[0052] To establish a quantitative correlation between phase error components and element position error components, it is necessary to select multiple phase error components corresponding to different scanning angles under the same temperature conditions. The purpose of selecting the same temperature conditions is to ensure that common phase changes caused by temperature have been sufficiently removed, avoiding interference from residual temperature gradients in position error extraction. One optional implementation selects three different scanning angles, for example... =0°、 =30° =60°. Another alternative implementation can select more scanning angles to improve the redundancy and accuracy of the fitting solution. The selected scanning angles should cover the main angle range of actual radar operation, and appropriate intervals should be maintained between the angles to ensure the independence of the equation set.

[0053] Establish the correlation between the phase error components and the element position error components. For the first... Each array element, at the scanning angle Phase error components below With the array element directional position offset and directional position offset The following relationship must be satisfied: In the formula, The operating wavelength of the radar is measured in units of length. and The first Individual elements direction and The positional offset relative to the ideal position in a direction, with the dimension of length; The scanning angle is measured in degrees or radians. , where is the element number, a dimensionless integer. This correlation indicates that the phase error component caused by position offset has a linear combination relationship with the sine and cosine values ​​of the scanning angle, with the scanning angle as the independent variable, the phase error component as the dependent variable, and the element position offset as the parameter to be solved.

[0054] Based on the phase error components corresponding to multiple different scanning angles, a fitting solution is performed on the correlation. Substituting the measured phase error components corresponding to each selected angle into the correlation equation, a model is constructed. and This is a system of linear equations with unknowns. When the number of selected angles equals the number of unknowns, the position offset of each array element can be determined by directly solving the system of linear equations. When the number of selected angles is greater than the number of unknowns, a linear fitting method is used to solve the overdetermined system of equations, minimizing the sum of squared deviations between the measured phase error and the theoretical phase error at each angle, thus obtaining the optimal solution. and Estimated value. Obtained from the fitted solution. and The position error components of each array element are determined. This component fully characterizes the phase error contribution introduced by the physical position offset of the array element. By removing it from the remaining error after removing the temperature common error component and the mutual coupling effect error component, the remaining amplitude and phase error containing only the independent amplitude and phase deviation of the array element itself can be obtained.

[0055] Step S130: Calculate the independent correction parameters for each error source based on the independent error components.

[0056] The aforementioned independent correction parameters are a set of parameters determined based on the independent error components of each error source. These parameters are used to specifically compensate for the array element response deviations caused by specific error sources in the beam weighting domain. Each correction parameter corresponds one-to-one with specific error sources such as temperature common error, mutual coupling effect error, array element position error, and independent amplitude and phase error. By mapping the independent error components of each error source into weight adjustment amounts that can be directly applied to the beamforming algorithm, the influence of each error source on the amplitude, phase, and spatial position of the phased array radar elements is precisely canceled in the transmit or receive link. This provides an independent quantitative correction basis for each error source for the subsequent determination of compensation weights.

[0057] It is understandable that the independent correction parameters for each error source are the key quantitative bridge connecting the error decoupling and separation results with the implementation of beam weight compensation. Multi-source coupling errors are intertwined in the array element response data set. If the independent error components of each error source are not mapped to corresponding independent correction parameters, it is impossible to establish an accurate mapping relationship between a specific error source and the beam weight compensation amount, resulting in a lack of targeted compensation operations. By calculating the independent correction parameters for each error source, temperature common errors, mutual coupling effect errors, array element position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors can each correspond to a specific amplitude and phase adjustment amount or position offset compensation amount. This allows for precise source-specific correction at the beamforming level, ensuring that the influence of each error source on beam pointing, main lobe width, and side lobe level is canceled out one by one. This provides an independent, quantifiable correction basis for each error source for subsequent real-time dynamic adjustment and closed-loop iterative optimization based on compensation weights.

[0058] Optionally, step S130 includes: calculating an amplitude correction coefficient for correcting the output amplitude of the array element to a standard amplitude based on the amplitude error in the independent amplitude and phase error components; calculating a phase correction coefficient for correcting the output phase of the array element to a standard phase based on the phase error in the independent amplitude and phase error components; and calculating the position offset of each array element based on the array element position error components.

[0059] After the progressive decoupling separation is completed, the common temperature error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, the array element position error component, and the independent amplitude and phase error component are obtained. For the amplitude and phase errors in the independent amplitude and phase error components, amplitude correction coefficients and phase correction coefficients are calculated respectively; for the array element position error component, the position offset of each array element is determined as the position correction parameter. These three types of correction parameters together constitute a complete set of independent correction parameters, providing an independent quantitative adjustment basis for each error source in the subsequent determination of compensation weights.

[0060] The amplitude correction factor is a dimensionless scaling factor used to correct the actual output amplitude of the array element to a standard amplitude. In one optional implementation, the amplitude correction factor is calculated based on the ratio between the standard calibration signal amplitude and the actual amplitude including amplitude error. For the first... Each array element, amplitude correction coefficient Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, For the first The amplitude correction coefficient of each array element, dimensionless; The standard calibration signal amplitude is measured in units of voltage or relative amplitude. For the first The independent amplitude error components of each array element, with dimensions and The same. The working principle of this calculation formula is: denominator Characterizing the actual output amplitude including errors, numerator The ratio of the ideal standard amplitude to the standard amplitude constitutes a scaling factor that normalizes the actual amplitude to the standard amplitude. Multiplying the actual output amplitude of the array element by this amplitude correction factor adjusts the amplitude response to the standard amplitude, thereby offsetting the amplitude deviation component in the independent amplitude and phase error.

[0061] The phase correction coefficient is an angle compensation amount used to correct the actual output phase of the array element to a standard phase. In one alternative implementation, the phase correction coefficient is calculated based on the negative of the independent phase error. For the first... Each array element, phase correction coefficient Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, For the first The phase correction coefficient of each array element, with the dimension of angle or radian; For the first The phase error in the independent amplitude and phase error components of each array element is measured in degrees or radians. The working principle of this calculation formula is as follows: the phase correction coefficient is taken as the negative of the independent phase error. During beam weight compensation, this phase correction coefficient is superimposed on the array element phase, and the independent phase error is eliminated using the anti-phase cancellation principle. In the complex domain beam weights, this is achieved by multiplying by... This phase correction is introduced in a way that restores the output phase of the array element from the actual phase containing the error to the standard phase.

[0062] Position offset, as a position correction parameter, characterizes the degree of spatial deviation of each array element relative to its ideal mounting coordinates. In the progressive decoupling and separation stage, the position offset of each array element has been obtained by fitting multi-scan angle phase errors, including... Directional position offset and Directional position offset During the independent correction parameter calculation stage, the aforementioned position offset is directly incorporated into the correction parameter set as a position correction parameter, with its dimension being length units. The working principle of using the position offset as a correction parameter is as follows: in the subsequent beam weight determination process, the position offset is mapped to the phase compensation amount in the beamforming algorithm. By correcting the path difference change caused by the physical position deviating from the ideal coordinates, the influence of array element position errors on beam pointing is offset.

[0063] Step S140: Determine the compensation weights for each array element based on the independent correction parameters.

[0064] Optionally, step S140 includes: calculating the ideal beamforming weights based on the ideal positions of the array elements; compensating for the position offset of the ideal weights based on the position offset; performing amplitude and phase correction on the weights after position offset compensation based on the amplitude correction coefficient and the phase correction coefficient to obtain the compensation weights for each array element; and dynamically updating and sending the compensation weights to the transceiver modules of each array element according to the changes in temperature and scanning angle during radar operation, so as to adjust the transmission amplitude and phase of each array element.

[0065] The aforementioned compensation weights are complex weights obtained by comprehensively superimposing position offset compensation, amplitude correction, and phase correction on the ideal beamforming weights, and are used to actually control the transmission or reception characteristics of each array element. The compensation weights directly determine the amplitude excitation and phase excitation of each array element at a specific scanning angle. By mapping the independent correction parameters obtained from decoupling and separation to the weight adjustment amount in the beamforming algorithm, the in-phase superposition condition of the beam in a specified spatial direction is restored, thereby offsetting the influence of multi-source coupling errors on the beam pointing and shape.

[0066] The ideal beamforming weights are theoretical complex weights calculated based on the ideal geometric positions of the array elements and the target scanning angle, without considering the influence of any error sources. For the th Each element, ideal weight Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, For the first The ideal beam weights of each array element are dimensionless complex numbers. The imaginary unit; The operating wavelength of the radar is measured in units of length. and The first Individual elements direction and Ideal position coordinates in the direction, with units of length; The target scanning angle is measured in degrees or radians. , where is the element number, a dimensionless integer. This formula characterizes the path difference phase relationship determined based on the ideal element position and the target scanning angle, and serves as the benchmark weight for subsequent superposition of various error compensations.

[0067] Based on the ideal weights, position offset compensation is introduced according to the element position offset to compensate for the additional path difference phase caused by the physical position deviating from the ideal coordinates. Position offset compensation is achieved by multiplying the ideal weights by a position offset compensation phase factor, which is: In the formula, and The first Individual elements direction and The positional offset relative to the ideal position is expressed in units of length; the meanings of the remaining parameters are consistent with the ideal weight formula. The negative sign indicates that the phase factor is used to cancel the additional phase introduced by the positional offset, restoring the equivalent array element position to the ideal coordinates, thereby ensuring that the beam pointing is not affected by structural deformation or installation deviation.

[0068] Based on the position offset compensated weights, amplitude correction and phase correction are further superimposed to eliminate the influence of independent amplitude and phase errors. The position offset compensated weights are then multiplied by the amplitude correction coefficient. and phase correction coefficient The compensation weights of each array element are obtained. : In the formula, For the first The compensation weights of each array element are dimensionless complex numbers; This is the amplitude correction coefficient, which is dimensionless. The phase correction coefficient is expressed in angles or radians. This synthesis formula unifies ideal beamforming, position offset compensation, amplitude correction, and phase correction into a single complex weight, enabling the independent correction parameters of each error source to form a complete compensation mapping in the beam weight domain.

[0069] In actual radar operation, the compensation weights are not calculated once and then fixed, but are updated periodically or triggered according to dynamic changes in external conditions. In one optional implementation, a weight update trigger condition is set: when the temperature change exceeds a preset temperature threshold, or the scanning angle adjustment exceeds a preset angle threshold, the compensation weights are automatically recalculated and reissued. In another optional implementation, weight updates are performed at fixed intervals under stable operating conditions. After the compensation weights are calculated, they are sent to the corresponding transceiver module via a data link. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) parses the complex weights into amplitude control codes and phase control codes, which respectively regulate the transmit power and phase delay of the array elements. Throughout the weight update process, the radar maintains normal scanning operation, with beam switching and weight updates performed synchronously to avoid scanning interruptions.

[0070] Step S150: Adjust the beam weights of each array element based on the compensation weights.

[0071] Optionally, after step S150 above, the above-mentioned method for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar further includes: acquiring compensated array element response data and calculating compensated beam performance parameters; comparing the beam performance parameters with a preset scanning accuracy threshold; if the beam performance parameters do not meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold, then re-acquiring array element response data and constructing an array element response data set, repeatedly performing decoupling separation, calculation of independent correction parameters, determination of compensation weights and adjustment of beam weights, until the beam performance parameters meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold.

[0072] Adjusting the beam weights of each array element based on compensation weights is the final execution step in transforming the theoretical compensation amount calculated from decoupling and correction parameters into the actual radar beam performance optimization. The compensation weights are transmitted to the corresponding transceiver modules of each array element via a data communication link. The analog-to-digital conversion and phase-shifting attenuation networks within these modules parse the complex form of the compensation weights into executable amplitude and phase control commands. These commands respectively regulate the transmit power and phase delay of the array element's radio frequency channel, ensuring that the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of each element at the target scanning angle are consistent with the amplitude and phase relationship specified by the compensation weights. This allows for the reconstruction of the error-compensated beam pattern at the array level.

[0073] After beam weight adjustment, closed-loop verification is required to confirm whether the compensation effect meets the expected scanning accuracy requirements. The core of closed-loop verification lies in collecting the compensated array element response data, calculating the beam performance parameters reflecting the scanning accuracy, and quantitatively comparing them with a preset scanning accuracy threshold to determine whether the current compensation state meets the standard. The necessity of this verification step stems from the potential accumulation of residual errors, changes in operating boundary conditions, or deviations introduced by model approximation during the actual decoupling and weight compensation process. A single compensation may not be sufficient to bring the scanning accuracy to the preset requirements; therefore, an iterative mechanism is needed to ensure that the final performance remains stable and meets the standards.

[0074] The calculation of the compensated beam performance parameters is based on the re-acquired array element response data. In one optional implementation, data acquisition is performed at operating points where coupling error has a high degree of influence to verify the compensation effect under the most stringent conditions. Using the compensated array element response data, the radiation characteristics of the actual beam are calculated through a beamforming algorithm, extracting key indicators such as the actual beam pointing, main lobe width, and sidelobe level after compensation. Based on this, two core beam performance parameters, the compensated beam pointing residual and the sidelobe suppression ratio, are calculated. (Compensated beam pointing residual...) Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The beam pointing residual after compensation is expressed in angle. The actual beam pointing angle after compensation, with the dimension of angle; The theoretical beam pointing angle is expressed in degrees. This residual directly reflects the degree of deviation between the actual maximum radiation direction of the compensated beam and the theoretically predetermined direction, and is a core indicator for measuring scanning pointing accuracy.

[0075] The compensated sidelobe suppression ratio (SLR) is calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The sidelobe suppression ratio is expressed in decibels. The maximum level of the main lobe after compensation is measured in decibels. The maximum level of the sidelobes after compensation is measured in decibels (dB). This indicator characterizes the level difference between the main lobe and sidelobes after compensation, reflecting the radar beam's anti-interference capability and energy concentration. A higher sidelobe suppression ratio indicates better beam quality. The above beam performance parameters are compared with preset scanning accuracy thresholds to determine whether the compensation effect meets the scanning accuracy requirements. The preset scanning accuracy thresholds are set according to the performance requirements of the actual radar usage scenario. In one optional implementation, the beam pointing residual threshold can be set to no more than 0.1°, and the sidelobe suppression ratio threshold can be set to no less than 25 dB. If both the compensated beam pointing residual and the sidelobe suppression ratio meet the above preset scanning accuracy thresholds, the current scanning accuracy optimization is deemed successful, and the closed-loop verification process ends. If at least one of the beam performance parameters fails to meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold, it indicates that the current compensation weights have failed to adequately offset the effects of multi-source coupling errors. Therefore, it is necessary to re-acquire array element response data and construct a new array element response data set, and re-execute the entire process of progressive decoupling separation, independent correction parameter calculation, compensation weight determination, and beam weight adjustment until the beam performance parameters meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold.

[0076] The above scheme introduces the compensated beam performance as feedback into the optimization process, establishes a clear convergence criterion through a preset scanning accuracy threshold, and forms a complete closed loop of data acquisition, error decoupling, weight compensation, and performance verification. If the verification fails, the error estimate is updated using the array element response data acquired in the new round, enabling the decoupling and weight compensation processes to adaptively correct the residual deviations of the previous round, gradually approaching the optimal solution for scanning accuracy, and ensuring that the phased array radar continuously maintains the expected scanning accuracy level under dynamically changing actual operating conditions.

[0077] Optionally, the above-mentioned method for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar further includes: calculating the beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise based on the array element response data set; determining the degree of coupling error impact for each operating condition based on the beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise; wherein the degree of coupling error impact is used to quantify the impact of coupling error on scanning accuracy; and determining whether the array element response data set corresponding to each operating condition needs to be decoupled and the decoupling priority when decoupling is required based on the degree of coupling error impact.

[0078] Before implementing progressive decoupling, the severity of coupling errors needs to be quantitatively assessed to determine the necessity and priority of decoupling under various operating conditions. This assessment transforms abstract coupling errors into quantifiable beam pattern distortion indices by mapping array element response data to the beam performance domain, thus providing an objective basis for subsequent decoupling decisions.

[0079] Beam pointing deviation is the deviation of the actual maximum radiation direction of the beam from the theoretically predetermined direction, directly reflecting the impact of coupling error on beam pointing accuracy. For specific operating conditions, the theoretical beam pointing... To preset the scanning angle, a beamforming algorithm is used to calculate the actual beam radiation intensity at each angle and determine the angle corresponding to the maximum value. Beam pointing deviation Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, This represents beam pointing deviation, measured in angles. This is the angle corresponding to the maximum actual beam radiation intensity, with the dimension of angle; This represents the theoretical beam pointing angle, measured in degrees. The larger the deviation, the more severe the beam deflection caused by the coupling error.

[0080] The main lobe width broadening is the increment of the actual main lobe half-power bandwidth relative to the theoretical value, characterizing the degree of degradation of radar target resolution due to coupling error. Theoretical main lobe half-power bandwidth The actual half-power bandwidth is calculated based on the number of array elements and the operating wavelength. By determining the two boundary angles where the radiation intensity is half of the maximum value in the actual beam radiation intensity curve. and The difference is then calculated to obtain the main lobe width widening amount. Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The main lobe width expansion is measured in degrees. This represents the actual half-power bandwidth, measured in degrees. The theoretical main lobe half-power bandwidth is expressed in degrees. A positive value indicates main lobe broadening, and a larger value indicates a more severe degradation in target resolution due to coupling errors.

[0081] The sidelobe level rise is the increment of the actual maximum sidelobe level relative to the theoretical value, reflecting the degree to which coupling error weakens the radar's anti-jamming capability. Theoretical maximum sidelobe level. The actual maximum sidelobe level was calculated based on the array element arrangement. The sidelobe level rise is extracted from the actual beam radiation intensity curve. Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The sidelobe level rise is measured in decibels. This represents the actual maximum sidelobe level, measured in decibels. This represents the theoretical maximum sidelobe level, measured in decibels (dB). A positive value indicates a rise in sidelobe level, while a larger value indicates a higher risk of clutter interference due to coupling errors.

[0082] A single beam performance metric cannot fully reflect the overall impact of multi-source coupling errors; a normalized weighted evaluation based on the above three metrics is necessary. (Coupling error comprehensive impact coefficient) Calculated using the following formula: In the formula, The coefficient representing the comprehensive influence of coupling error is dimensionless and ranges from 0 to 1. This represents the maximum permissible value or the historical statistical maximum value of beam pointing deviation, measured in angles. This refers to the maximum permissible value or historical statistical maximum value of the main lobe width expansion, measured in degrees. The maximum allowable value or historical statistical maximum value of the sidelobe level rise is expressed in decibels; the weighting coefficients of 0.4, 0.3, and 0.3 represent the relative weights of beam pointing deviation, main lobe width expansion, and sidelobe level rise in the comprehensive evaluation, respectively.

[0083] Based on the comprehensive influence coefficient of coupling error This allows for the determination of whether the array element response data sets corresponding to each operating condition need to be decoupled and the priority of decoupling. In one optional implementation, a threshold can be set. ,when When it is determined that the coupling error has a serious impact on the scanning accuracy under this operating condition, decoupling should be performed first; when If the impact is relatively small, the process can be simplified or execution can be postponed. In another alternative implementation, it can be based on... The values ​​are sorted in descending order for all operating conditions, and decoupling is performed sequentially according to the K value from high to low, so that computing resources are prioritized for the operating conditions with the most severe coupling errors.

[0084] In the above scheme, the microscopic perturbations of multi-source coupling error at the array element level will eventually manifest as beam pattern distortion in the macroscopic sense. By mapping the array element response data to the beam performance domain, and using three indicators with clear physical meaning and direct measurability—beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise—the abstract coupling effect is transformed into intuitive quantitative values. Furthermore, by using a normalized weighted model to synthesize the relative contributions of the three indicators, a unified measure of the degree of coupling error influence is obtained. This provides an objective and reproducible quantitative basis for subsequent decoupling and separation execution decisions and resource scheduling, avoiding the indiscriminate execution of decoupling operations of equal intensity for all operating conditions, and achieving differentiation and efficiency in the scanning accuracy optimization process.

[0085] To facilitate understanding of the working principle of the scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar described above, this application also provides specific application examples of this method in a certain application scenario. For example... Figure 2 As shown, in this application scenario, the above-mentioned methods for optimizing the scanning accuracy of phased array radar mainly include: Step 1: Collect error timing data information of the entire link during the operation of the phased array radar using multiple types of sensors; 1. Inject a standard calibration signal using the built-in calibration source; It is understandable that only by using a standard signal with completely known amplitude and phase can the difference between the actual and theoretical responses of the array elements be accurately compared, eliminating interference from the input signal itself. A standard calibration signal in the form of a continuous wave is injected using the coupler built into the radar array or an auxiliary calibration antenna: the standard amplitude of the standard calibration signal is set to a fixed value. (e.g., 1V), the standard phase is a fixed value. (e.g., 0°). Enable signal stability detection to ensure that the amplitude fluctuation of the injected signal does not exceed ±0.01V and the phase fluctuation does not exceed ±0.1°, avoiding the influence of signal errors on subsequent analysis. Confirm that each array element can receive a calibration signal of the same strength and phase, which can be verified by testing the response of 1 to 2 edge array elements.

[0086] 2. Data acquisition of array element response under multiple operating conditions: Temperature and scanning angle are the core factors causing coupling errors. Covering the extreme operating conditions of actual radar use is essential to ensure that subsequent decoupling compensation is applicable to all scenarios. Setting the operating condition range: Temperature coverage. The temperature range is 40℃ to 60℃, with one test point set every 10℃, for a total of 11 temperature conditions; the scanning angle range is 0° to ±60°, with one test point set every 10°, for a total of 13 angle conditions, for a total of 11×13=143 conditions.

[0087] For each operating condition, the output amplitude of all array elements in the array is collected sequentially. ( (Numbering the array elements, such as: elements 1-100) and phase. The collected data is stored as a digitized array element response matrix, that is: the actual response. The matrix structure is: number of operating conditions × number of array elements × 2, where each element stores the amplitude and phase of the corresponding array element under the corresponding operating condition, for example... This indicates that the amplitude of the first array element in the first operating condition is 1.02V and the phase is 0.5°. Data is collected three times for each operating condition, and the average value is used as the final response data to avoid random noise interference.

[0088] This completes the basic data collection for error analysis, providing a comprehensive data source for subsequent extraction and decoupling of coupled error features.

[0089] Step 2: Quantitative analysis of macroscopic characteristics of coupling error; This approach transforms abstract coupling errors into quantifiable beam performance metrics, providing an intuitive assessment of the impact of coupling effects on scanning accuracy and offering a basis for prioritizing subsequent decoupling. The core principle is that coupling errors are directly reflected in three key performance parameters: beam pointing, beam width, and sidelobe level. By comparing the differences between theoretical and actual values, the impact of the error can be quantified.

[0090] 1. Beam pointing deviation calculation: Beam pointing accuracy is a core indicator of scanning accuracy. Coupling errors will cause the actual maximum radiation direction of the beam to deviate from the preset theoretical pointing. Determine the theoretical beam pointing θ0 under the current operating conditions (i.e., the preset scanning angle, such as: =30°). Using the array element response matrix, the radiation intensity of the actual beam at various angles is calculated through a beamforming algorithm, and the angle corresponding to the maximum radiation intensity is found. (like: =30.6°). Calculate the beam pointing deviation. ,in The beam pointing deviation directly reflects the magnitude of the pointing error, and the unit is angle (°). The larger the value, the more serious the impact of the coupling error on the pointing accuracy.

[0091] 2. Calculation of Main Lobe Width Expansion: The main lobe width determines the radar's target resolution capability. Coupling errors can cause the main lobe to widen, reducing resolution accuracy. Based on parameters such as the number of array elements and the operating wavelength, the theoretical main lobe half-power bandwidth is calculated. (like: =1.2°, half-power bandwidth refers to the angular range corresponding to half the maximum radiation intensity. From the radiation intensity curve of the actual beam, find the two boundary angles where the radiation intensity is half the maximum. and Calculate the actual half-power bandwidth Calculate the main lobe width expansion. , This represents the difference between the actual half-power bandwidth and the theoretical value, expressed in degrees (°). A positive number indicates main lobe broadening, and a larger value indicates a more severe impact of coupling error on resolution.

[0092] 3. Calculation of Sidelobe Level Increase: Excessively high sidelobe levels can make the radar more susceptible to clutter interference. Coupling errors can also increase sidelobe levels, reducing anti-interference capabilities. The theoretical maximum sidelobe level is calculated based on the array element arrangement. (like: = 20dB (the level value is negative; the larger the absolute value, the lower the level). Find the maximum level of the sidelobes from the radiation intensity curve of the actual beam. (like: = 17dB). Calculate the sidelobe level rise. , This represents the difference between the actual sidelobe level and the theoretical value, expressed in decibels (dB). A positive number indicates an increase in the sidelobe level, and a larger value indicates a higher risk of interference due to coupling errors.

[0093] 4. Determination of the impact of coupling error: A single indicator cannot fully reflect the overall impact of coupling error; a comprehensive assessment combining multiple indicators and operating parameters is necessary. Calculate the comprehensive impact coefficient of coupling error. : In the formula, This is the normalized weighted sum, ranging from 0 to 1; This represents the maximum permissible value or the historical statistical maximum value of beam pointing deviation, measured in angles. This refers to the maximum permissible value or historical statistical maximum value of the main lobe width expansion, measured in degrees. This represents the maximum permissible or historically statistically maximum value of the sidelobe level rise, measured in decibels. If the coupling error is deemed to be severely affecting the system, decoupling compensation should be prioritized. If the impact is deemed minor, the process can be simplified.

[0094] Thus, the degree of influence of coupling error under each operating condition is obtained, and the priority of decoupling is clearly defined.

[0095] Step 3: Decoupling of error sources and separation of independent error parameters; On an edge server, coupled analysis, error classification, and decoupling coefficient calculation are performed on uploaded multi-dimensional time-series data to generate adaptive correction parameters. The processing latency for a single frame is less than 1ms, meeting the requirements of real-time radar scanning. Utilizing the inherent correlation characteristics of error sources, mutually coupled error components are separated one by one to obtain independent parameters for common temperature errors, mutual coupling effects, position errors, and amplitude and phase errors, providing a precise correction basis for subsequent compensation. The core principle is that different error sources have unique characteristics and can be separated through targeted algorithms.

[0096] 1. Separation of common amplitude and phase error components due to temperature: Temperature change is a slow spatial gradual process. The temperature gradient of the radar array is continuous and the temperature difference between adjacent array elements is small. Therefore, the amplitude and phase error caused by temperature is also spatially continuous. Other errors are usually discrete and can be separated by spatial smoothing.

[0097] Calculate the original amplitude and phase error for each array element: , ,in, For the first The original amplitude error of each array element, in units of voltage or relative amplitude; For the first The original phase error of each array element, with the dimension of angle; For the first The actual output amplitude of each array element; For the first The actual output phase of each array element; The standard amplitude of the standard calibration signal; The standard phase of the standard calibration signal is used. The original amplitude and phase errors are smoothed using a moving average. Utilizing the spatial continuity of temperature errors, discrete non-temperature errors are filtered out to obtain the common error components caused by temperature. and Since edge elements have no adjacent elements, averaging at both ends is used to ensure data integrity. The residual error is obtained by subtracting the common temperature error from the original error. , .

[0098] Thus, the common amplitude and phase error components of temperature have been separated, and the remaining errors include mutual coupling effects, position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors.

[0099] 2. Decoupling of mutual coupling effect of array elements: In a uniformly arranged phased array radar, the degree of mutual coupling between array elements is only related to the spacing between array elements. Therefore, the mutual coupling matrix has a Toeplitz structure (the elements along the diagonal are equal, that is, the mutual coupling coefficients of adjacent array elements are the same), which can be used to simplify the decoupling calculation.

[0100] Constructing the mutual coupling matrix of the Toeplitz structure Assume the array has Each array element, for Matrix, where , For the first The mutual coupling coefficients corresponding to each spacing ( For self-coupling coefficients, These are the mutual coupling coefficients between adjacent array elements; similarly, only the coefficients for the first three spacings need to be calculated to meet the accuracy requirements. Establish the response equation: ,in, For ideal beam weights, The standard calibration signal is used. The mutual coupling coefficients are solved using the least squares method. That is, find a set Make the actual response Compared with theoretical response The sum of squared differences is minimized: .

[0101] Based on the obtained mutual coupling matrix Calculate the amplitude and phase error caused by mutual coupling effect. , Remove from the remaining error: , The least squares method ensures that the solved mutual coupling coefficients have the best fit with the actual data, and the Toeplitz structure reduces the number of unknown parameters from N² to 3, significantly reducing computational complexity.

[0102] Thus, the mutual coupling effect of the array elements has been isolated, and the remaining error includes position error and independent amplitude and phase error.

[0103] 3. Extraction of array element position error vector: Array element position offset will cause changes in path difference, which in turn will cause phase error. The phase error is linearly related to the scanning angle, and the position offset can be solved by fitting multi-angle data.

[0104] Select the first Each element at the same temperature has three different scanning angles (e.g.: =0°、 =30° Phase error (=60°) Establish the equation relating position offset and phase error: In the formula, Wavelength, with units of length; , For the array element in , The positional offset in direction, measured in units of length; Let be the scanning angle, with dimensions in degrees. Substitute the phase errors of the three angles into the equation and solve using linear fitting. , The change in path difference caused by position offset is proportional to the sine and cosine values ​​of the scanning angle. Therefore, the phase error is linearly related to the angle. The position offset can be accurately solved by fitting multi-angle data.

[0105] Thus, the information for each array element is obtained. , The directional position offset is the remaining error, which is the independent amplitude and phase error.

[0106] 4. Separation and correction coefficient calculation of independent amplitude and phase errors: After removing temperature, mutual coupling and position errors, the remaining errors are the independent amplitude and phase errors of each array element, and the correction coefficients can be directly calculated for compensation.

[0107] The third residual amplitude-phase error after removing the element position error components is expressed as: , In the formula, and These are the amplitude and phase components of the array element position error, respectively. Since the effect of the array element position offset on the amplitude response is negligible and approaches zero; and These are the third residual amplitude error and the third residual phase error, respectively. Extracting independent amplitude and phase errors: , (The effect of position error on amplitude is negligible; only phase error needs to be considered.) Calculate the amplitude correction coefficient. Correct the actual amplitude to the standard amplitude. , Calculate the phase correction coefficient. Correct the actual phase to the standard phase. , The negative sign is used to cancel out phase errors. The amplitude correction coefficient is the ratio of the standard amplitude to the actual amplitude. Multiplying by this coefficient can adjust the output amplitude of the array element to the standard value. The phase correction coefficient is the opposite of the phase error. Adding this coefficient can adjust the output phase of the array element to the standard value.

[0108] Thus, the amplitude correction coefficient, phase correction coefficient, and position offset of each array element are obtained, providing accurate parameters for subsequent beam weight compensation.

[0109] In summary, the error sources were decoupled and separated, and the coupled error components were decomposed into independent, calibrable parameters, providing a core basis for optimizing scanning accuracy.

[0110] Step 4: Real-time compensation and adjustment of beam weights; The decoupling-derived correction parameters are substituted into the beamforming algorithm to adjust the transmit / receive weights of each array element in real time. This counteracts the effects of coupling errors and ensures that the beam pointing and shape meet theoretical requirements. The core principle is that beam weights determine the amplitude and phase output of the array elements, and adjusting the weights can compensate for amplitude shifts, phase deviations, and positional shifts caused by errors.

[0111] 1. Substituting Compensation Parameters into the Beamforming Algorithm: The ideal beam weights are calculated based on the ideal positions of the array elements. Adding correction parameters can correct for path differences and amplitude deviations caused by errors. Calculate the ideal beamforming weights based on the ideal positions of the array elements. : In the formula, , The ideal position of the array element is defined in units of length. The target scanning angle is measured in degrees. The ideal beam weights are dimensionless complex numbers.

[0112] Add position offset compensation: Multiply the ideal beam weights by the position offset compensation phase factor. To compensate for the phase error caused by position offset, amplitude and phase correction is added: the weights after position offset compensation are multiplied by the amplitude correction coefficient. and phase correction coefficient To obtain the final weights : In the formula, the exp term is used to compensate for the phase error caused by the position offset. Correction range, The phase is corrected, and the final weights compensate for all error components.

[0113] At this point, the final transmit / receive weights for each array element are obtained, including compensation information for all errors.

[0114] 2. Real-time adjustment of array element weights: During radar operation, operating conditions change dynamically, requiring real-time updates of weights to ensure scanning accuracy. Set weight update trigger conditions: Automatic weight updates are triggered when temperature changes exceed ±5℃ or scanning angle adjustments exceed ±10°; if operating conditions are stable, weights are updated every 10 seconds. The calculated weights are then... The transmit power (amplitude) and phase of each array element are adjusted via the transceiver module. During the weight update process, the radar continues to operate normally to avoid interrupting the scan. At this point, the radar outputs a real-time, error-compensated beam, optimizing scanning accuracy. In summary, real-time beam weight compensation is achieved, transforming the decoupled parameters into practical radar performance optimization.

[0115] Step 5: Verification and closed-loop iteration of scanning accuracy optimization effect; The process verifies whether the compensated scanning accuracy meets the preset requirements. If it does not, data is reacquired, compensation is decoupled, and a closed-loop iteration is performed to ensure that the final accuracy meets expectations. The core principle is to judge the compensation effect by comparing the compensated beam performance parameters with the preset scanning accuracy threshold.

[0116] 1. Acquisition of compensated beam response data: Select the operating condition where coupling error is severely affected in step one (degree of influence of coupling error). The compensated array element response data is repeatedly acquired. Using this compensated response data, the actual beam pointing, main lobe width, and side lobe levels are calculated. Thus, the compensated beam performance parameters are obtained for effect verification.

[0117] 2. Calculation of accuracy indicators after compensation: The compensation effect is measured by the beam pointing residual and the sidelobe suppression ratio. The smaller the beam pointing residual and the higher the sidelobe suppression ratio, the better the compensation effect. Calculate the beam pointing residual after compensation: ,in, The beam pointing residual after compensation is expressed in angle. The actual beam pointing angle after compensation, with the dimension of angle; The theoretical beam pointing angle is expressed in degrees.

[0118] Calculate the sidelobe suppression ratio after compensation: ,in, To compensate for the maximum level of the main lobe, The values ​​are all in dB to compensate for the maximum level of the back sidelobe. The larger the value, the stronger the anti-interference capability.

[0119] At this point, the compensated core accuracy indicators are obtained and used to determine whether the standard is met.

[0120] 3. Preset Scanning Accuracy Threshold Determination and Closed-Loop Iteration: The preset scanning accuracy threshold is the performance requirement that the radar needs to achieve and must be set according to the actual usage scenario. Setting the accuracy threshold: The residual beam pointing after compensation. ≤0.1°, sidelobe suppression ratio ≥25dB. If the compensated index meets the preset scanning accuracy threshold, it is determined to be optimized and the process ends. If it does not meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold, it is determined to be substandard, and the process returns to step one to re-collect data and repeat the decoupling compensation process. At the same time, reminders can be given through pop-up windows on the display interface, flashing lights, or beeping buzzers. The optimized correction parameters are automatically loaded for closed-loop compensation until the standard is met, without manual intervention.

[0121] This ensures that the radar scanning accuracy ultimately meets the preset requirements, achieving stable performance optimization.

[0122] In summary, a closed-loop process for optimizing scanning accuracy has been completed. Through the entire chain of operations, including data acquisition, error analysis, decoupling and separation, weight compensation, and effect verification, the problem of insufficient scanning accuracy caused by coupling errors has been completely solved.

[0123] like Figure 3 As shown, based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a scanning accuracy optimization system 200 for phased array radar. This system includes an edge server 210 and an error data acquisition module 220 communicatively connected to the edge server 210, wherein: Error data acquisition module 220 is used to inject a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the phased array radar array. Under the conditions of temperature and scanning angle changes, it acquires the response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal and sends the response data to the edge server 210. Edge server 210 is used to receive array element response data set sent by error data acquisition module 220. Based on array element response data set, and according to the physical characteristics of different error sources, it decouples and separates multi-source coupling errors to obtain independent error components of each error source. Based on independent error components, it calculates independent correction parameters of each error source, determines compensation weights of each array element based on independent correction parameters, and adjusts beam weights of each array element based on compensation weights.

[0124] The aforementioned error data acquisition module 220 is a functional unit deployed at the front end of the phased array radar. It is used to perform standard calibration signal injection and array element response data acquisition, and upload the processed data to the edge server 210. It injects a continuous wave standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the array through the coupler built into the radar array or the auxiliary calibration antenna. Under the conditions of varying coverage temperature and scanning angle, it acquires the output amplitude and phase response data of each array element under the excitation of the standard calibration signal. During the acquisition process, the sampling frequency is aligned with the radar scanning period and supports millisecond-level adjustable sampling intervals. The acquired raw data is digitized by the field-programmable gate array preprocessing unit and then transmitted to the edge server 210 via wired gigabit Ethernet or fifth-generation mobile communication to construct an array element response data set for subsequent decoupling and separation.

[0125] Edge server 210 is a computing node deployed near the phased array radar system, undertaking the core computational tasks of multi-source coupling error decoupling and beam weight compensation calculation. It receives the array element response data set uploaded by error data acquisition module 220 through wired or wireless communication links, performs progressive decoupling based on the physical characteristics of different error sources to extract the independent error components of each error source, calculates the independent correction parameters of each error source, and determines the compensation weight of each array element. Finally, the compensation weight is sent to the transceiver modules of each radar element to adjust the transmission amplitude and phase in real time, and the single-frame data processing delay is less than 1 millisecond to meet the radar real-time scanning requirements.

[0126] It is understood that the edge server 210 described above can implement any one of the functions of the scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar provided in the embodiments of this application. The method implementation and working principle of each function can be found in the method embodiment section, and will not be repeated in the system embodiment section.

[0127] This invention is now complete.

[0128] In summary, in this embodiment of the invention, a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase is injected into the phased array radar array. Under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions, response data of each element in the phased array radar array is collected under the excitation of the standard calibration signal to construct an element response data set. Based on the element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources, multi-source coupling errors are decoupled and separated to obtain independent error components of each error source. Based on the independent error components, independent correction parameters for each error source are calculated. Based on the independent correction parameters, compensation weights for each element are determined. Based on the compensation weights, beam weights for each element are adjusted. This invention injects standard calibration signals with known amplitude and phase into a phased array radar array, constructing an array element response data set under varying temperature and scanning angle conditions. Based on the physical characteristics of different error sources, it performs progressive decoupling and separation of multi-source coupling errors, decomposing mutually coupled error components into independent error components for each error source and calculating independent correction parameters. This fundamentally eliminates calibration residues caused by neglecting the coupling effect of error sources in existing technologies, improving the scanning accuracy of phased array radar under complex conditions. Furthermore, it extracts common temperature error components using the spatial continuity of temperature errors, extracts mutual coupling effect error components based on the structural characteristics of the mutual coupling degree of array elements changing with relative position, and extracts array element position error components based on the linear dependence of phase error relative to scanning angle, thus realizing multi-source... The precise, progressive decomposition of coupling errors provides an accurate and independent correction basis for subsequent beam weight compensation. Furthermore, by mapping the decoupled independent correction parameters to beamforming weight compensation amounts, and by adjusting the transmit / receive weights of each array element in real time, the effects of common temperature errors, mutual coupling effect errors, position errors, and independent amplitude and phase errors on beam pointing, main lobe width, and side lobe levels are directly offset at the beamforming level, avoiding beam performance degradation caused by residual coupling errors after traditional independent calibration. Additionally, beam performance parameters are calculated by collecting compensated array element response data and compared with preset scanning accuracy thresholds. If the threshold is not met, the decoupling and weight compensation process is re-executed, forming a closed-loop iterative mechanism for scanning accuracy optimization, ensuring continuous convergence and stable achievement of the compensation effect.

[0129] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing scanning accuracy in phased array radar, characterized in that, The method includes: A standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase is injected into the phased array radar array. Under the conditions of temperature and scanning angle variation, the response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal are collected to construct an array element response data set. Based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources, the multi-source coupled errors are decoupled and separated to obtain the independent error components of each error source. Based on the independent error components, calculate the independent correction parameters for each of the error sources; Based on the independent correction parameters, the compensation weight of each array element is determined; Based on the compensation weights, the beam weights of each array element are adjusted; The method of decoupling and separating multi-source coupled errors based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain independent error components of each error source includes: determining the original amplitude and phase errors of each array element relative to the standard calibration signal in the array element response data set; extracting a common temperature error component from the original amplitude and phase errors based on the continuity of temperature errors; extracting a mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component based on the structural characteristics of array element mutual coupling; extracting an array element position error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component based on the linear dependence of phase error relative to the scanning angle; and determining the independent amplitude and phase error components of each error source; wherein the independent amplitude and phase error component is the remaining amplitude and phase error after sequentially removing the common temperature error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, and the array element position error component from the original amplitude and phase error.

2. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extraction of the temperature common error component from the original amplitude and phase error includes: The original amplitude and phase errors are smoothed in the spatial domain to filter out discrete nonlinear errors and obtain the common temperature error components.

3. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component includes: Based on the characteristic that the degree of mutual coupling between array elements changes with the relative position of the array elements, a mutual coupling model is constructed to characterize the mutual coupling relationship between array elements. Based on the aforementioned mutual coupling model, ideal beam weights, and the aforementioned standard calibration signal, the theoretical array element response is determined; Construct a mapping relationship between the theoretical array element response and the array element response data set; Based on the remaining error after removing the common temperature error components, the mapping relationship is optimized and fitted to solve for the mutual coupling parameters in the mutual coupling model. Based on the mutual coupling parameters, the error components of the mutual coupling effect are determined.

4. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, Extracting the element position error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component includes: Extract the phase error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component; Select the phase error components corresponding to multiple different scanning angles under the same temperature conditions, and establish the correlation between the phase error components and the array element position error components; wherein, the change of the phase error components with the scanning angle is caused by the array element position error components; Based on the phase error components corresponding to the multiple different scanning angles, the correlation is fitted and solved to determine the array element position error components of each array element.

5. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of independent correction parameters for each error source based on the independent error components includes: Based on the amplitude error in the independent amplitude and phase error components, calculate the amplitude correction coefficient used to correct the output amplitude of the array element to the standard amplitude; Based on the phase error in the independent amplitude and phase error components, calculate the phase correction coefficient used to correct the output phase of the array element to the standard phase; Based on the position error components of the array elements, the position offset of each array element is calculated.

6. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to claim 5, characterized in that, The determination of the compensation weights for each array element based on the independent correction parameters includes: Calculate the ideal weights for beamforming based on the ideal positions of array elements; Based on the position offset, position offset compensation is performed on the ideal weight; Based on the amplitude correction coefficient and the phase correction coefficient, the weights after position offset compensation are subjected to amplitude and phase correction to obtain the compensation weights of each array element. During radar operation, the compensation weights are dynamically updated and sent to each array element transceiver module based on changes in temperature and scanning angle, in order to adjust the transmission amplitude and phase of each array element.

7. The scanning accuracy optimization method for phased array radar according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the array element response data set, the beam pointing deviation, main lobe width broadening, and side lobe level rise are calculated respectively. Based on the beam pointing deviation, the main lobe width broadening, and the side lobe level rise, the degree of influence of coupling error under each operating condition is determined; wherein, the degree of influence of coupling error is used to quantify the impact of coupling error on scanning accuracy; Based on the degree of influence of the coupling error, determine whether the array element response data set corresponding to each working condition needs to be decoupled and the priority of decoupling when decoupling is required.

8. The method for optimizing scanning accuracy for phased array radar according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, After adjusting the beam weights of each array element based on the compensation weights, the method further includes: Collect the compensated array element response data and calculate the compensated beam performance parameters; The beam performance parameters are compared with a preset scanning accuracy threshold. If the beam performance parameters do not meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold, then the array element response data is re-acquired and an array element response data set is constructed. The decoupling separation, the calculation of the independent correction parameters, the determination of the compensation weights, and the adjustment of the beam weights are repeated until the beam performance parameters meet the preset scanning accuracy threshold.

9. A scanning accuracy optimization system for phased array radar, characterized in that, It includes an edge server and an error data acquisition module that is communicatively connected to the edge server, wherein: The error data acquisition module is used to inject a standard calibration signal with known amplitude and phase into the phased array radar array. Under the conditions of temperature and scanning angle changes, it acquires the response data of each array element in the phased array radar array under the excitation of the standard calibration signal and sends the response data to the edge server. The edge server is used to receive the array element response data set sent by the error data acquisition module, and based on the array element response data set, decouple and separate the multi-source coupling error according to the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain the independent error components of each error source. Based on the independent error components, the independent correction parameters of each error source are calculated, the compensation weight of each array element is determined based on the independent correction parameters, and the beam weight of each array element is adjusted based on the compensation weight. The method of decoupling and separating multi-source coupled errors based on the array element response data set and the physical characteristics of different error sources to obtain independent error components of each error source includes: determining the original amplitude and phase errors of each array element in the array element response data set relative to the standard calibration signal; extracting a common temperature error component from the original amplitude and phase errors based on the continuity of temperature error; extracting a mutual coupling effect error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component based on the structural characteristics of array element mutual coupling; extracting an array element position error component from the remaining error after removing the common temperature error component and the mutual coupling effect error component based on the linear dependence of phase error relative to scanning angle; and determining the independent amplitude and phase error components of each error source; wherein the independent amplitude and phase error component is the remaining amplitude and phase error after sequentially removing the common temperature error component, the mutual coupling effect error component, and the array element position error component from the original amplitude and phase error.

Images