A subgrade intelligent compaction filling construction control system and use method
The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbeds enables collaborative management and control of all processes and dynamic settlement feedback, solving the problems of difficulty in accepting compaction quality and insufficient settlement monitoring in roadbed filling, and improving construction quality and stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611072126.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-11-06
AI Technical Summary
In existing roadbed filling construction, the compaction quality acceptance is difficult to fully cover, there is a lack of standardized verification for continuous testing and project acceptance, it is impossible to accurately identify under-compacted or over-compacted areas, and the settlement monitoring of soft soil roadbeds lacks a dynamic feedback mechanism, resulting in high engineering hazards and settlement risks.
The roadbed intelligent compaction and filling construction control system is adopted, including an intelligent filling command system, a positioning and measurement system, a mechanical intelligent control system, and a continuous quality detection system. It realizes collaborative management and control of the entire process. Through Beidou differential positioning, real-time data acquisition, and process test verification, the correspondence between continuous compaction indicators and conventional acceptance indicators is established, and filling parameters are dynamically adjusted to form a closed-loop collaborative mechanism.
It achieves centimeter-level precise control of the compaction quality of the entire cross section, reduces the number of conventional acceptance index tests, lowers the risk of post-construction settlement of soft soil subgrade, and improves the long-term stability and construction efficiency of the subgrade.
Smart Images
Figure CN123047478A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed construction, and in particular to an intelligent roadbed compaction and filling construction control system and its usage method. Background Technology
[0002] With the high-quality development of my country's high-speed railway construction, roadbed filling, as the core process of roadbed engineering, directly determines the overall bearing capacity and post-construction settlement control level of the roadbed through its compaction quality.
[0003] In traditional roadbed filling construction methods, the compaction quality acceptance mainly adopts the ring cutter method, plate load test, dynamic deformation modulus test and sampling test. These methods can only cover local points and cannot fully reflect the compaction quality of the entire filling surface. They are also difficult to accurately identify scattered under-compacted and over-compacted areas, which can easily leave hidden engineering problems.
[0004] In the existing technology, intelligent compaction related technologies based on Beidou positioning have improved the automation level of rolling operations to a certain extent. However, there is a lack of standardized and replicable correlation verification process between continuous compaction test indicators and conventional engineering acceptance indicators. Continuous test results are difficult to directly serve as the basis for quality acceptance, resulting in a disconnect between continuous test technology and the existing acceptance system.
[0005] Existing intelligent solutions mostly focus on a single compaction process, failing to achieve intelligent collaborative management and control of the entire process, including filler material placement, paving, leveling, compaction, and slope trimming.
[0006] For soft soil subgrade filling scenarios, existing technologies have not established a dynamic feedback mechanism between filling construction and settlement monitoring. Settlement control is still mainly based on post-event monitoring and passive handling, and it is impossible to actively adjust the filling process parameters according to the settlement status.
[0007] Therefore, we propose an intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbeds and its application method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent compaction and filling construction control system and its usage method for roadbeds, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent roadbed compaction and filling construction control system, comprising: The intelligent filling command system is responsible for task issuance, data aggregation, quality assessment and path planning, and coordinated scheduling of work processes. The positioning and measurement system provides centimeter-level BeiDou differential positioning reference; The intelligent mechanical control system enables unmanned path planning and compaction as well as automatic obstacle avoidance for bulldozers, graders, road rollers, and excavators. The continuous quality monitoring system collects vibration, deformation, and moisture content data in real time and generates a thermal map of compaction quality. The process test correlation verification module is used to establish a quantitative correspondence between continuous compaction index and conventional compaction test acceptance index through test sections before construction, and to determine the qualified control threshold of continuous compaction index. The dynamic feedback module for filling and settlement is used to access real-time data from multi-source settlement monitoring equipment. Based on the settlement status, it dynamically adjusts the loose thickness, filling rate, and settling time of the next layer of filling, forming a closed-loop collaborative mechanism for filling construction and settlement control.
[0010] Preferably, the positioning and measurement system includes a Beidou reference station erected on high ground outside the work area and a mobile station receiver installed on each construction machine. The highest point of the reference station's transmitting antenna is higher than the designed elevation of the roadbed top surface. A real-time dynamic differential algorithm is used to eliminate common errors in satellite signals, and the differential signal covers the entire work area.
[0011] Preferably, the mechanical intelligent control system is equipped with dedicated intelligent control modules for bulldozers, graders, road rollers, and excavators respectively; the bulldozer intelligent paving module controls the paving elevation error within the set accuracy range, the grader intelligent leveling module controls the leveling elevation error within the set accuracy range, the road roller module supports unmanned driving path planning and compaction and automatic obstacle avoidance, and the excavator slope shaping module guides the bucket to carry out fine trimming operations according to the preset three-dimensional slope line.
[0012] Preferably, the vibration compaction value is calculated based on the fundamental amplitude and second harmonic amplitude of the vibration acceleration signal, and then normalized by combining the equipment calibration coefficient.
[0013] Preferably, in the process test correlation verification module, a preset correlation coefficient threshold is set, and the synchronous measurement points of the test section are evenly distributed across the entire cross section of the roadbed and the number meets the statistical requirements. When the measured correlation coefficient is lower than the threshold, an additional test is automatically triggered to supplement the measurement data, expand the data distribution range, and re-perform the regression analysis until the threshold requirement is met.
[0014] Preferably, the continuous quality inspection system divides the work surface into standard inspection units and takes the statistical value of vibration compaction values of all sampling points in the unit as the quality judgment value of the unit; the compaction qualification rate of each analysis section is not lower than the set requirement, the unqualified inspection units are distributed in a dispersed state, and the continuous unqualified areas automatically trigger the whole section re-compaction process.
[0015] Preferably, in the dynamic feedback module for filling and settlement, the monitoring sections are arranged at a set interval, and each section includes a surface GNSS monitoring point and a deep displacement meter. The monitoring frequency during the construction period meets the real-time monitoring requirements, and preset control thresholds are set for the settlement rate and uneven settlement difference during the soft soil subgrade filling stage. When the settlement rate exceeds the threshold, the thickness of the next layer of loose paving is reduced or the filling is suspended and the monitoring frequency is increased, depending on the degree of excess, until the settlement rate falls back to within the threshold.
[0016] Preferably, when the intelligent compaction module of the road roller automatically generates the compaction path, the staggered wheel width is set to a portion of the compaction wheel width, a safety distance is reserved at the edge of the roadbed, and the compaction trajectory coverage is not lower than the set requirements; The compaction speed and vibration frequency are controlled within the design range. After the strong vibration compaction is completed, switch to the weak vibration mode to carry out continuous compaction testing.
[0017] Preferably, the intelligent filling command system uses layered filling as the basic unit to achieve closed-loop control of the process, and sequentially connects the processes of filling material placement, intelligent paving, intelligent leveling, intelligent compaction and quality verification. Each process can proceed to the next process after being judged as qualified by the system.
[0018] A method for using an intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbeds includes the following steps: S1 Preparation Phase: Build the Beidou positioning and measurement system, complete the installation and commissioning of the intelligent control system and continuous quality detection system of each construction machine, carry out process tests and correlation verification of the test section, and determine the qualified threshold of continuous compaction index and core construction process parameters. S2 Construction Phase: The intelligent filling command system issues the operation design parameters according to the filling layer, and completes the grid placement, intelligent paving, and intelligent leveling operations in sequence. After the moisture content of the fill material is tested and found to be qualified, the road roller is started for intelligent rolling and continuous compaction testing. The system judges the compaction quality of the entire cross section in real time. For unqualified areas, the system automatically plans the supplementary compaction path and executes supplementary compaction. After the self-inspection is qualified, it is reported to the supervisor for acceptance. After the acceptance is passed, the next layer filling cycle begins. S3 Repair and Acceptance Phase: Intelligent slope repair is carried out according to the preset three-dimensional slope line. After the completion of the entire roadbed construction, the overall acceptance of the unit project is carried out. Throughout the construction process, settlement monitoring data is fed back to the filling and settlement dynamic feedback module in real time, and the filling process parameters are dynamically adjusted to achieve active control of soft soil roadbed settlement.
[0019] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. The entire construction process, including filler material placement, intelligent paving, intelligent leveling, intelligent compaction, and slope trimming, is coordinated and scheduled through an intelligent filling command system. The paving and leveling processes achieve centimeter-level precise elevation control, while the compaction process achieves automatic path planning and precise compaction of under-compacted areas, avoiding over-compaction and under-compaction issues and reducing the number of tests required for conventional compaction acceptance indicators.
[0020] 2. By configuring edge computing nodes at the roller end, the core logic of compaction index calculation, quality judgment, and supplementary compaction path planning is offloaded to the local equipment, realizing millisecond-level real-time quality control and avoiding the impact of cloud transmission latency on work efficiency. At the same time, the edge nodes support local full data storage, and autonomously drive the roller to complete all rolling and quality control operations in the event of cloud network interruption. After the network is restored, the data is automatically synchronized, solving the problem of system failure caused by weak network signals in remote construction areas.
[0021] 3. The system has a built-in standardized process test correlation verification process. It establishes a linear regression relationship between continuous compaction index and conventional acceptance index through the least squares method. With qualified thresholds and complete supplementary test rules, it establishes continuous compaction control standards, allowing continuous compaction test results to be directly connected to the existing engineering quality acceptance system. It achieves full-section coverage of continuous testing, while ensuring the compliance and accuracy of quality judgment.
[0022] 4. Through the dynamic feedback module of filling and settlement, multi-source settlement monitoring data is linked with the filling construction process. The settlement rate and uneven settlement difference characteristic index are calculated in real time. Normal consolidation settlement and abnormal settlement are automatically distinguished. The thickness, rate and static time of the next layer of filling are adjusted according to the settlement status. Real-time feedback and active control are carried out to effectively reduce the risk of post-construction settlement of soft soil subgrade and improve the long-term stability of the subgrade. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the intelligent roadbed filling process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the intelligent roadbed filling system of the present invention. Figure 3 A sub-flowchart illustrating the positioning and measurement system of this invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the debugging sub-process of the mechanical intelligent control system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the process testing and correlation verification sub-flowchart of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the intelligent filling cycle operation of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the intelligent compaction and continuous quality control process of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the dynamic feedback coordination process of filling and settlement in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0025] This invention provides, for example Figures 1-8 The roadbed intelligent compaction and filling construction control system shown includes an intelligent filling command system, a positioning and measurement system, a mechanical intelligent control system, and a continuous quality detection system; Intelligent filling command system: As the central brain, it is responsible for task issuance, data aggregation, quality judgment and path planning. It also undertakes the functions of process coordination scheduling, digital archiving and quality traceability of the entire construction process, and remote visual monitoring, and performs process coordination scheduling. The mechanical intelligent control system is equipped with dedicated intelligent control modules for bulldozers, graders, road rollers, and excavators. The intelligent paving module for bulldozers controls the paving elevation error within the set accuracy range, the intelligent leveling module for graders controls the leveling elevation error within the set accuracy range, the road roller module supports unmanned driving path planning and compaction and automatic obstacle avoidance, and the slope shaping module for excavators guides the bucket to carry out fine trimming operations according to the preset three-dimensional slope line.
[0026] Positioning and Measurement System: Provides centimeter-level BeiDou differential positioning reference to support precise navigation of machinery. The reference station is set up in an open area with high terrain, and the highest point of the transmitting antenna is higher than the design elevation of the roadbed top surface to ensure full signal coverage of the work area and realize centimeter-level positioning control in both plane and elevation dimensions. Mechanical intelligent control system: realizes the automated operation of bulldozers, graders, road rollers and excavators. Among them, the bulldozer achieves ±50mm paving accuracy control, the grader achieves ±30mm leveling accuracy control, the road roller supports unmanned path planning and compaction and automatic obstacle avoidance, and the excavator realizes fine slope shaping operation, covering the entire process of roadbed filling operation chain. The continuous quality monitoring system collects vibration, deformation, and moisture content data in real time, generating a compaction quality heat map. Core monitoring indicators are divided into two categories: continuous process control indicators and conventional acceptance verification indicators. Continuous process control indicators include vibration compaction value, continuous dynamic deformation modulus, rolling trajectory coverage, vibration frequency deviation, and driving speed deviation. Conventional acceptance verification indicators include compaction coefficient, subgrade coefficient, and dynamic deformation modulus. Based on vibration acceleration signals, the system calculates the full-section compaction stiffness index in real time, achieving continuous, comprehensive monitoring of all compaction indicators. It automatically identifies under-compacted areas and triggers precise compaction replenishment, while simultaneously reducing the number of conventional acceptance indicator tests and shortening testing time. By introducing edge computing nodes deployed on the road roller, millisecond-level quality judgment and compaction command generation are achieved. Even if the cloud network is down, it can still operate autonomously. The edge nodes have built-in real-time VCV calculation algorithms and qualified threshold judgment logic locally. The acceleration signal sampling frequency is not less than 100Hz, and the calculation delay of single-point indicators is ≤10ms. The point-by-point quality judgment and compaction path planning are completed synchronously during the operation. The edge nodes store all construction and inspection data locally, and automatically synchronize them to the command system after the network is restored, ensuring data integrity and operation continuity.
[0027] The process test correlation verification module is used to establish a quantitative correspondence between continuous compaction index and conventional compaction test acceptance index through test sections before construction, and to determine the qualified control threshold of continuous compaction index. In the process test correlation verification module, a preset correlation coefficient threshold is set, and the synchronous measurement points of the test section are evenly distributed across the entire cross section of the roadbed and the number meets the statistical requirements. When the measured correlation coefficient is lower than the threshold, an additional test is automatically triggered to supplement the measurement data, expand the data distribution range, and re-perform the regression analysis until the threshold requirement is met.
[0028] The dynamic feedback module for filling and settlement is used to access real-time data from multi-source settlement monitoring equipment. Based on the settlement status, it dynamically adjusts the loose thickness, filling rate, and settling time of the next layer of filling, forming a closed-loop collaborative mechanism for filling construction and settlement control.
[0029] The intelligent filling command system issues work tasks to the positioning and measurement system, the mechanical intelligent control system, and the continuous quality detection system, and the positioning and measurement system, the mechanical intelligent control system, and the continuous quality detection system upload work data to the intelligent filling command system. The positioning and measurement system provides positioning data to the intelligent mechanical control system and the continuous quality inspection system. Each subsystem achieves bidirectional data interaction with the wireless gateway through a data transmission radio, with transmission latency controlled at the level of hundreds of milliseconds, meeting the requirements of real-time operation control; The process includes initializing the intelligent filling command system, establishing a positioning and measurement system, installing and debugging the mechanical intelligent control system, and installing and debugging the continuous quality detection system. The overall process includes the preparation stage, the construction stage, and the finishing and acceptance stage. During the preparation stage, filling process tests and correlation verifications are carried out simultaneously to establish a quantitative correspondence between continuous compaction indicators and conventional acceptance indicators and to determine the core construction control parameters. Preparation phase: Using the intelligent filling command system as the core control carrier, complete the system construction and parameter calibration, complete the deployment of electronic fences in the construction area, and clarify the work boundaries and safety control scope; Construction phase: Filling operations, intelligent paving operations, intelligent leveling operations, intelligent rolling operations, and intelligent vibration continuous detection are carried out in sequence. Finally, compaction quality verification tests are conducted. After verification, adjustments are made based on the verification results, and the next cycle of operations is carried out again. Each process is assigned tasks by the system, the process is monitored, and the results are judged. After acceptance, the next cycle begins. Preferably, the roadbed is overfilled by 0.5m on both sides as required to ensure the quality of slope compaction; the overfill material is removed and the slope is pre-trimmed simultaneously every 1.5m to 2.0m of filling; the compaction speed is controlled at 2 to 4km / h, and when multiple machines are operating on the same site, the distance between them is not less than 3m, and the distance from the edge of the roadbed is not less than 0.5m. Repair and Acceptance Phase: Intelligent slope repair work is carried out. After the repair is completed, construction acceptance is carried out. After the acceptance is passed, the construction is ended. The intelligent slope repair work relies on the excavator's intelligent shaping module, which presets the three-dimensional design line of the roadbed slope and guides the operator to accurately control the bucket movement. Sub-processes for setting up a positioning and measurement system: Base station site selection: Before construction begins, a site survey is conducted to identify and eliminate obstructions. A location with an open view and stable foundation is selected to set up the base station, ensuring signal coverage of the entire work area. Preferably, a high-lying open area is selected to ensure that the highest point of the base station's transmitting antenna is higher than the design elevation of the roadbed top surface, and that the signal coverage completely covers all intelligent filling operation sections. Equipment installation: After the base station site selection is completed, the base station equipment is installed and fixed. The receiver, data radio and power supply are connected by fixing the base station antenna. The mobile station receiver antenna and control box are installed on each construction machine and the wiring is completed. Preferably, during the wiring process, the cables should be waterproofed and protected against crushing according to specifications, and the vehicle-mounted equipment should be fixed in a shock-absorbing position in the cab to avoid construction vibrations affecting the accuracy and service life of the equipment.
[0030] Parameter configuration: After the equipment installation and wiring are completed, the base station is powered on and the coordinate parameters are configured. The known coordinates of the stations are entered into the base station, the differential signal transmission frequency and protocol are set, and the equipment of each mechanical process station is installed and wired. The differential data transmission cycle and error correction mechanism are set simultaneously to ensure stable transmission of differential signals during mobile operations. Link test: After wiring is completed, establish differential communication link, turn on the rover, and confirm that differential signal is received normally and fixed solution status is stable. Preferably, the fixed solution status is continuously observed for no less than 30 minutes, and the fixed solution accounts for no less than 95% to determine that the link is qualified.
[0031] Accuracy verification: By re-calibrating at known control points, the positioning results of the rover are tested to determine whether the horizontal and vertical errors meet the centimeter level. If the accuracy exceeds the threshold, it does not meet the requirements, and parameter calibration or position adjustment is performed, followed by re-verification of positioning accuracy. If the accuracy is below the threshold, it meets the requirements and can be put into use after meeting the requirements. Preferably, the horizontal positioning accuracy threshold is set to ±2cm, the vertical positioning accuracy threshold is set to ±3cm, and there are no fewer than 3 re-measurement points distributed in different locations in the work area to fully verify the positioning accuracy of the work area. Specifically disclosed, a unified spatial coordinate benchmark is provided through a base station, and differential positioning technology is used to eliminate common errors in satellite signals, improving positioning accuracy from the meter level to the centimeter level. This provides position support for all subsequent intelligent operations. The positioning mode adopts BeiDou-3 satellite signals as the main signal and multi-constellation signals as the fusion signal, which improves the positioning reliability and anti-interference capability in complex environments.
[0032] Mechanical intelligent control system debugging sub-process: Hardware installation: Fix the angle sensor and positioning receiver antenna on the blade bracket, install the vehicle control box in the cab, connect the vehicle control box to the power supply, connect the hydraulic control module to the original vehicle hydraulic system. The hydraulic control module includes hydraulic lines, and connect the hydraulic lines to the automatic control solenoid valve. Preferably, road rollers are equipped with additional obstacle avoidance radar, vibration sensors, humidity sensors and manual emergency braking devices, and excavators are equipped with additional boom angle sensors and bucket attitude detection units to achieve customized intelligent modification of different machines; Power-on self-test: Start the system and perform a power-on self-test to check whether the data transmission of each sensor is normal and whether the hydraulic control module is responding. If the self-test fails, troubleshoot wiring and equipment faults, and repeat the system power-on self-test until it passes. After the self-test passes, proceed to the next step. Preferably, the self-inspection includes the status of the positioning signal, the validity of the sensor data, the response delay of the actuator, and the reliability of the safety braking function. After all items pass the test, the calibration process begins. Static calibration: Perform elevation and angle calibration of the shovel blade. Place the shovel blade at a known elevation point, measure the actual elevation, and perform calibration in the system to eliminate installation errors. Preferably, there are no fewer than 3 calibration points, covering the entire range of the working device. After calibration, repeated measurements are performed to verify that the calibration error is no more than 1 cm. Dynamic verification: Conduct on-site dynamic trial operations, perform short-distance trial paving, measure the actual paving elevation, compare it with the system display value, and perform operation accuracy detection to determine whether the accuracy is less than the set threshold. If the accuracy is greater than the set threshold, fine-tune the control parameters and repeat the on-site dynamic trial operation; if the accuracy is less than the set threshold, the equipment debugging is complete. Preferably, the trial operation length is not less than 50m, and no less than 10 detection points are evenly selected along the operation section to detect the elevation deviation at the edge and center positions respectively, so as to fully verify the uniformity of operation accuracy; Specifically disclosed, the operating accuracy is set to ±50mm. When the accuracy is less than the set threshold, i.e., within the operating accuracy setting range, the equipment debugging is complete. When the accuracy is greater than the set threshold, the control parameters are fine-tuned, and on-site dynamic trial operation is carried out again to adjust it to be within the specified threshold range. Preferably, the accuracy threshold for grader leveling is set to ±30mm, and the accuracy threshold for excavator slope shaping is set to ±50mm, with corresponding accuracy standards applied according to different machine types. Specifically disclosed, the system uses positioning and angle sensors to perceive the spatial attitude of the blade in real time. The system compares the real-time attitude with the design target and outputs control quantities to the hydraulic actuator to achieve closed-loop control of the blade elevation. The debugging process and principle are the same for graders and excavators, only the controlled objects and accuracy thresholds are different. Furthermore, the road roller is equipped with additional path tracking control and automatic vibration mode switching control, and uses Beidou positioning to correct the trajectory deviation, keeping the trajectory deviation within ±5cm.
[0033] Process testing and correlation verification sub-process: Prepare for the test section paving, select a representative road section as the test section, and use the same fill material and layer thickness as the formal construction. Also, install settlement monitoring points and collect initial values. Preferably, the test section is no less than 100m long, and the geological conditions and filler type are consistent with the main project. The foundation treatment is completed according to the formal construction standards to ensure that the test data can be directly reused in the main project. By conducting tests with different rolling pass gradients, different rolling pass gradients were set, and continuous compaction indicators were collected after each rolling pass.
[0034] Preferably, the number of compaction passes is set to a gradient of no less than 4 groups, covering the entire range of under-compaction, qualified and over-compaction. Compaction speeds of 2km / h, 3km / h and 4km / h are used to conduct comparative tests to verify the compaction effect of different combinations of strong vibration and weak vibration. No fewer than 20 measuring points were selected in the test section, and continuous compaction index and conventional test index were tested simultaneously. The measuring points were evenly distributed across the entire cross section of the test section, including different locations in the shoulder and the middle of the road. The conventional test index included compaction coefficient, subgrade coefficient and dynamic deformation modulus. All measuring points were required to accurately record the station number and coordinates to ensure that the continuous index and conventional index points corresponded one-to-one.
[0035] Linear regression analysis was performed on the two sets of data to calculate the correlation coefficient and establish a conversion formula. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
[0036] A univariate linear regression equation was established, with the vibration compaction value of the continuous compaction index as the independent variable x and the conventional detection index as the dependent variable y. The conventional detection indexes were compaction coefficient, subgrade coefficient and dynamic deformation modulus. The regression equation was obtained by fitting the equation using the least squares method. Where a is the slope of the regression equation; b is the intercept of the regression equation, with units consistent with the corresponding conventional indicators. The degree of linear correlation between the two sets of data is quantified by calculating the correlation coefficient R. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0037] Where n is the number of synchronous measurement points, and n ≥ 20 is required; The value of the continuous compaction index at the i-th measuring point; is the standard detection index value for the i-th measurement point.
[0038] Based on the compaction standards required by the design, the qualified threshold of the continuous compaction index is calculated by substituting it into the regression equation. At the same time, the optimal number of compaction passes and driving speed process parameters are determined. Simultaneously, the rules for dividing the test units are clarified, and the working surface is divided into standard test units of 1m×1m. The arithmetic mean of the VCV of all sampling points in the unit is taken as the judgment value of the unit. When the correlation coefficient is calculated, it is compared with the threshold. When the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to the threshold, the qualified threshold and process parameters of the corresponding compaction index are recorded to obtain the qualified threshold of the continuous compaction index. At the same time, the optimal number of compaction passes and driving speed process parameters are determined and the parameters are sent back to execute large-scale construction. When the correlation coefficient is less than the threshold, the compaction standard does not meet the design requirements. It is necessary to adjust the process parameters, supplement the test data, redesign the qualified threshold and process parameters of the compaction index, upload the data for analysis, recalculate the correlation coefficient until the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to the threshold, determine the compaction control threshold and process parameters, and then carry out compaction. Preferably, the additional test should include no fewer than 15 additional measuring points, with priority given to areas where the compaction degree is at the critical state for supplementary testing. After expanding the data distribution range, regression analysis should be carried out again. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between the continuous compaction vibration test value and the conventional quality acceptance index is preferably set at 0.75. When the correlation coefficient is less than 0.75, additional tests are conducted to expand the data range and quantity, and the correlation is re-verified. Specifically disclosed, the use of strong vibration technology by road rollers on the roadbed surface can easily loosen it. To prevent the already compacted roadbed surface from being loosened, a weak vibration technology is used during continuous compaction vibration testing, and the vibration frequency of the intelligent road roller is kept stable with fluctuations not exceeding the specified value of ±0.5Hz. Vibration frequency deviation requirements The calculation formula is:
[0039] in: The actual vibration frequency, acquired in real time, is obtained through spectrum analysis of the acceleration signal. The set excitation frequency; Specifically, the continuous compaction index is a physical quantity that indirectly reflects the stiffness of the soil. It is necessary to establish a quantitative correspondence with conventional acceptance indicators through field tests in order to serve as the basis for construction quality control and ensure that the continuous test results are consistent with traditional acceptance standards. Intelligent filling cycle operation sub-process: The system receives the filling and feedback parameter data of this layer, and sends the design elevation, layer thickness and compaction standard parameters of the current working section to each machine. It also sends the working boundary, slope overwidth requirements and grid placement parameters at the same time, and clarifies the start and end station numbers and connection nodes of each process. The system calculates the grid size based on the loose paving thickness and the single vehicle's transport capacity, guiding the material transport vehicle to the designated grid for unloading to ensure uniform material distribution. The grid line spacing is determined based on the material transport vehicle's capacity and the loose paving thickness, adopting a single vehicle per grid or double vehicles per grid unloading mode to avoid localized filler accumulation or material shortage. The bulldozer spreads the material according to the design elevation and the grader levels it. During the process, the system guides the bulldozer and the grader in real time and controls them automatically to ensure uniform layer thickness. The grader minimizes the number of grading passes to avoid large-diameter particles accumulating at the edges and affecting the compaction quality of the edge areas. During the compaction process, the moisture content is detected by humidity sensors or tests to determine whether the moisture content is within the threshold range. If the moisture content is greater than the threshold, drying is carried out to adjust the moisture content and control it within the threshold range. If the moisture content is less than the threshold, water is sprayed to increase humidity and control it within the threshold range. When the moisture content is within the threshold range, intelligent compaction by the road roller is carried out and continuous testing is performed. Preferably, the moisture content control range is ±2% of the optimum moisture content, and there should be no less than one testing point per square meter for every 2000㎡. Rolling operations are strictly prohibited in areas where the moisture content is unqualified.
[0040] The continuous quality inspection system divides the work surface into standard inspection units and takes the statistical value of vibration compaction values of all sampling points in the unit as the quality judgment value of the unit. The compaction qualification rate of each analysis section is not lower than the set requirements. The unqualified inspection units are distributed in a scattered state, and the continuous unqualified areas automatically trigger the whole section re-compaction process. Specifically, the road roller automatically compacts along the planned path, simultaneously collecting compaction data, and the system judges the quality in real time. When the quality is deemed acceptable, the next work section is cycled. When the quality is deemed unacceptable, automatic compaction is performed, and the road roller intelligently compacts again and continuously monitors the process until the quality is deemed acceptable. Preferably, the pass rate of compaction degree of each analysis section is not less than 95%, the unqualified test units are scattered, and the continuous unqualified areas must be re-compacted in the whole section; After the self-inspection is qualified, it is reported to the supervisor for acceptance. After the acceptance is passed, the next work section is carried out. The acceptance data includes continuous compaction heat map, rolling pass record, elevation deviation statistics and routine test report. All data are digitally archived and linked to station number, layer and personnel information to achieve full traceability of quality.
[0041] Specifically, the system uses layered filling as the basic unit and connects various processes through a system. Each process has clear digital control standards, and processes that fail to meet the standards of the previous process cannot proceed to the next process, thus achieving closed-loop management between processes.
[0042] Intelligent compaction and continuous quality control sub-processes: When performing roadbed compaction, import the working surface boundary and compaction standard data, and set the rolling speed, vibration frequency, cross-wheel width and compaction qualification threshold parameters in the system; Preferably, the width of the staggered roller is set to one-third to one-half of the width of the compaction roller, and the edge area is supplemented by oblique compaction to ensure that the compaction degree at the shoulder position meets the standard; The system automatically generates a compaction path based on the shape of the working surface, covering the entire area, with a safety distance reserved at the edges, and generates differentiated compaction parameters and an initial path. During path planning, the system ensures that the compaction trajectory coverage is greater than or equal to 100%, calculated by multiplying the width of the compaction wheel by the length of the travel trajectory, and overlapping areas are not counted repeatedly. The safety distance should be no less than 0.5m. The route planning should include the starting area, the compaction area and the turning area to avoid frequent turning on the same cross section, which could cause the roadbed to be pushed and deformed. When the road roller starts its automatic driving mode and performs high-vibration compaction, it automatically travels along the planned path, turns, and switches vibration modes without human intervention. During the unmanned operation, the obstacle avoidance radar monitors obstacles and personnel ahead in real time. When the distance is less than the safety threshold, it automatically decelerates and brakes to ensure operational safety. After strong vibration compaction, switch to weak vibration mode. The road roller uses strong vibration technology to travel on the roadbed surface to loosen the roadbed. In order to prevent the already compacted roadbed surface from being loosened, the weak vibration technology is used during continuous compaction vibration testing. The weak vibration testing speed is consistent with the strong vibration compaction speed to ensure the matching of test data with construction conditions. When driving with weak vibration, multi-source continuous detection is started at the same time, that is, vibration response, internal deformation and moisture content data are collected simultaneously during the rolling process. The vibration response was acquired by an acceleration sensor installed at the axle of the vibratory roller's vibratory wheel. The fundamental and second harmonic amplitudes were extracted using a fast Fourier transform, and the vibration compaction value (VCV) was calculated using the following formula:
[0043] in, The fundamental amplitude of the vibration acceleration signal. Here, C represents the second harmonic amplitude of the vibration acceleration signal, and C is the factory calibration coefficient of the equipment. The system converts the vibration compaction value (VCV) into continuous dynamic deformation modulus and compaction coefficient in real time through the calibrated regression equation, thereby achieving simultaneous control of multiple indicators. With each compaction pass, the system simultaneously calculates the full-section compaction index and generates a heat map to visually display the compaction quality distribution, enabling the identification of under-compacted areas. Preferably, the sampling interval of the test data is no more than 20cm, so as to achieve continuous and blind-angle testing of the entire cross section. The heat map is marked with three colors, red, yellow and green, to intuitively display the spatial distribution of quality. After identifying the undercompacted area, the automatic planning of the compaction path and the execution of compaction are carried out until the indicators of the entire area meet the standards. The compaction prioritizes the use of the same vibration parameters as the original rolling. After compaction, continuous testing is carried out again to ensure that the indicators meet the standards and there is no overpressure shear damage. The system determines whether the overall index has reached the threshold. If it has not reached the threshold, a compaction path is generated, compaction is performed, and multi-source continuous detection and system synchronous calculation of the full-section compaction index are repeated to generate a heat map until the overall index reaches or exceeds the threshold. Over-compacted areas are marked synchronously to avoid repeated compaction that could damage the soil structure. After the compaction operation is completed, a full-section compaction test report is generated, and measuring points are selected according to the specifications to conduct routine index tests to verify the reliability of continuous test results. Preferably, routine detection points are selected from the critical and edge regions of continuous detection indicators, and the verification ratio is not less than 5% of the total detection units; If the verification fails, a precise pressure compensation path is generated, local parameters are optimized, the pressure compensation path is regenerated, and a second pressure compensation is performed. The data is recorded to determine if it is an accidental situation. If the probability of needing a second pressure compensation exceeds the threshold, the anomaly is recorded and used as compensation data to improve the solution. If it does not exceed the threshold, the anomaly is classified and no action is taken. After the second pressure compensation, routine testing is carried out again. If it still fails, the root cause of the problem must be investigated, and the packing moisture content and gradation must be rectified before re-compacting. Once the verification is successful and the compaction process is accepted, the compaction data parameters are saved and recorded. The data is then synchronously uploaded to the intelligent filling command system to form a single-process quality file, which is associated with the pile number, layer, construction time, and operator information. Specifically disclosed, based on vibration compaction dynamics and Beidou positioning technology, the traditional mode of fixed number of compaction passes and post-process sampling inspection is transformed into an active control mode of real-time detection of the compaction process and precise replenishment of under-compacted areas, which avoids waste due to over-compaction and eliminates the hidden dangers of under-compaction. Coordinated process of dynamic feedback between filling and settlement: The settlement monitoring data is used in reverse to fill construction, and the filling rate and layer thickness are dynamically adjusted to achieve active control of settlement of soft soil subgrade and reduce the risk of post-construction settlement. For soft soil subgrade treated with CFG piles, the focus is on monitoring the settlement at the top of the pile and the settlement difference between the piles, and controlling uneven settlement within the allowable range. After each layer passes acceptance, the data on pile number, layer thickness, fill type, compaction quality, and filling time are automatically synchronized to the settlement system; the rolling process parameters and test data are entered simultaneously to establish the correspondence between filling parameters and settlement response, and to continuously optimize the control model. Multi-source monitoring equipment collects data, including current settlement data; in the filling and settlement dynamic feedback module, monitoring sections are arranged at set intervals, and each section includes surface GNSS monitoring points and deep displacement gauges. Preferred multi-source monitoring equipment deployment: one monitoring section every 200m, with three surface GNSS points and two deep displacement gauges per section; one rain gauge and one groundwater level gauge every 500m; monitoring every 30 minutes during the construction period, every 2 hours during the settling period, and once a day during the stabilization period; the monitoring data will be automatically uploaded to the cloud and the central platform; after the monitoring equipment is installed, the initial values will be continuously observed for no less than 3 days, and the average value will be used as the benchmark value for settlement calculation. Calculate settlement characteristic indicators by calculating cumulative settlement amount and settlement rate, cumulative vertical settlement, cumulative horizontal displacement, daily average settlement rate and cross-sectional uneven settlement difference; By combining the type of fill material, layer thickness, geology, rainfall and water level, normal consolidation settlement and abnormal settlement are distinguished. When the settlement is normal, the system does not intervene and the filling continues as planned. The monitoring frequency is increased within 24 hours after rainfall to eliminate the interference of apparent settlement caused by rainfall and improve the accuracy of settlement judgment. Determine if the settlement rate is less than the threshold. If the settlement rate is less than the threshold, maintain the original process parameters and carry out the next layer of filling. Specifically, the threshold for settlement rate during the soft soil subgrade filling stage is set at ≤10mm / d, and the threshold for uneven settlement difference is set at ≤5mm / m.
[0044] When the settlement rate exceeds the threshold, an early warning is triggered, and a control plan is generated. This plan includes reducing the thickness of the next layer of loose paving or reducing the filling rate, increasing the static placement time, and increasing the monitoring frequency. The early warning is handled in a graded manner: when the rate exceeds the threshold by less than 20%, the layer thickness is reduced by 10% to 20%; when the rate exceeds the threshold by more than 20%, the filling is suspended and static observation is carried out until the settlement rate falls back to within the threshold.
[0045] A method for using an intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbeds includes the following steps: S1 Preparation Phase: Build the Beidou positioning and measurement system, complete the installation and commissioning of the intelligent control system and continuous quality detection system of each construction machine, carry out process tests and correlation verification of the test section, and determine the qualified threshold of continuous compaction index and core construction process parameters. S2 Construction Phase: The intelligent filling command system issues the operation design parameters according to the filling layer, and completes the grid placement, intelligent paving, and intelligent leveling operations in sequence. After the moisture content of the fill material is tested and found to be qualified, the road roller is started for intelligent rolling and continuous compaction testing. The system judges the compaction quality of the entire cross section in real time. For unqualified areas, the system automatically plans the supplementary compaction path and executes supplementary compaction. After the self-inspection is qualified, it is reported to the supervisor for acceptance. After the acceptance is passed, the next layer filling cycle begins. S3 Repair and Acceptance Phase: Intelligent slope repair is carried out according to the preset three-dimensional slope line. After the completion of the entire roadbed construction, the overall acceptance of the unit project is carried out. Throughout the construction process, settlement monitoring data is fed back to the filling and settlement dynamic feedback module in real time, and the filling process parameters are dynamically adjusted to achieve active control of soft soil roadbed settlement.
[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A roadbed intelligent compaction and filling construction control system, characterized in that, include: The intelligent filling command system is responsible for task issuance, data aggregation, quality assessment and path planning, and coordinated scheduling of work processes. The positioning and measurement system provides centimeter-level BeiDou differential positioning reference; The intelligent mechanical control system enables unmanned path planning and compaction as well as automatic obstacle avoidance for bulldozers, graders, road rollers, and excavators. The continuous quality monitoring system collects vibration, deformation, and moisture content data in real time and generates a thermal map of compaction quality. The process test correlation verification module is used to establish a quantitative correspondence between continuous compaction index and conventional compaction test acceptance index through test sections before construction, and to determine the qualified control threshold of continuous compaction index. The dynamic feedback module for filling and settlement is used to access real-time data from multi-source settlement monitoring equipment. Based on the settlement status, it dynamically adjusts the loose thickness, filling rate, and settling time of the next layer of filling, forming a closed-loop collaborative mechanism for filling construction and settlement control.
2. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning and measurement system includes a Beidou reference station erected on high ground outside the work area and mobile station receivers installed on various construction machines. The highest point of the reference station's transmitting antenna is higher than the designed elevation of the roadbed top surface. A real-time dynamic differential algorithm is used to eliminate common errors in satellite signals, and the differential signal covers the entire work area.
3. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical intelligent control system is equipped with dedicated intelligent control modules for bulldozers, graders, road rollers, and excavators. The intelligent paving module for bulldozers controls the paving elevation error within the set accuracy range, the intelligent leveling module for graders controls the leveling elevation error within the set accuracy range, the road roller module supports unmanned driving path planning and compaction and automatic obstacle avoidance, and the slope shaping module for excavators guides the bucket to carry out fine trimming operations according to the preset three-dimensional slope line.
4. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration compaction value is calculated based on the fundamental amplitude and second harmonic amplitude of the vibration acceleration signal, and then normalized by combining the equipment calibration coefficient.
5. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the process test correlation verification module, a preset correlation coefficient threshold is set, and the synchronous measurement points of the test section are evenly distributed across the entire cross section of the roadbed and the number meets the statistical requirements. When the measured correlation coefficient is lower than the threshold, an additional test is automatically triggered to supplement the measurement data, expand the data distribution range, and re-perform the regression analysis until the threshold requirement is met.
6. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous quality inspection system divides the work surface into standard inspection units and takes the statistical value of vibration compaction values of all sampling points in the unit as the quality judgment value of the unit. The compaction qualification rate of each analysis section is not lower than the set requirements. The unqualified inspection units are distributed in a scattered manner, and the continuous unqualified areas automatically trigger the whole section re-compaction process.
7. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the dynamic feedback module for filling and settlement, monitoring sections are arranged at set intervals, and each section includes surface GNSS monitoring points and deep displacement gauges. The monitoring frequency during the construction period meets the real-time monitoring requirements, and preset control thresholds are set for the settlement rate and uneven settlement difference during the soft soil subgrade filling stage. When the settlement rate exceeds the threshold, the thickness of the next layer of loose paving is reduced or the filling is suspended and the monitoring frequency is increased, depending on the degree of excess, until the settlement rate falls back to within the threshold.
8. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the intelligent compaction module of the road roller automatically generates the compaction path, the staggered wheel width is set to a portion of the compaction wheel width, a safety distance is reserved at the edge of the roadbed, and the compaction trajectory coverage is not lower than the set requirements; The compaction speed and vibration frequency are controlled within the design range. After the strong vibration compaction is completed, switch to the weak vibration mode to carry out continuous compaction testing.
9. The intelligent compaction and filling construction control system for roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent filling command system uses layered filling as the basic unit to achieve closed-loop control of the process. It sequentially connects the processes of filling material placement, intelligent paving, intelligent leveling, intelligent compaction and quality verification. Each process proceeds to the next process after being judged as qualified by the system.
10. A method of using a roadbed intelligent compaction and filling construction control system, as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1 Preparation Phase: Build the Beidou positioning and measurement system, complete the installation and commissioning of the intelligent control system and continuous quality detection system of each construction machine, carry out process tests and correlation verification of the test section, and determine the qualified threshold of continuous compaction index and core construction process parameters. S2 Construction Phase: The intelligent filling command system issues the operation design parameters according to the filling layer, and completes the grid placement, intelligent paving, and intelligent leveling operations in sequence. After the moisture content of the fill material is tested and found to be qualified, the road roller is started for intelligent rolling and continuous compaction testing. The system judges the compaction quality of the entire cross section in real time. For unqualified areas, the system automatically plans the supplementary compaction path and executes supplementary compaction. After the self-inspection is qualified, it is reported to the supervisor for acceptance. After the acceptance is passed, the next layer filling cycle begins. S3 Repair and Acceptance Phase: Intelligent slope repair is carried out according to the preset three-dimensional slope line, and the overall acceptance of the unit project is carried out after the completion of the entire roadbed construction. Throughout the construction process, settlement monitoring data is fed back to the filling and settlement dynamic feedback module in real time, and filling process parameters are dynamically adjusted to achieve proactive control of soft soil subgrade settlement.