A method for coupling control of residual stress and deformation of a welded H-shaped steel beam

Abstract

The application provides a welding H-shaped steel beam residual stress and deformation coupling control method, relates to the technical field of industrial process control, and comprises the following steps: collecting multi-source data of the H-shaped steel beam and preprocessing, generating a welding basic state data set, constructing an initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-shaped steel beam based on the welding basic state data set, updating the free shrinkage boundary in combination with a welding process, and forming a dynamic free shrinkage state; according to the dynamic free shrinkage state, analyzing a material state change process of each region, determining different region material state evolution stages and evolution correlation, and generating a material state evolution sequence. The application constructs a collaborative regulation mechanism based on dynamic free shrinkage state analysis, material state evolution characterization and residual stress formation process optimization, and improves the residual stress distribution balance and the stability of deformation control in the welding manufacturing process of the H-shaped steel beam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial process control technology, and more specifically, to a method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for high-performance welded components in large steel structures, bridge engineering, and industrial equipment manufacturing, H-beams are widely used in building steel structures, engineering machinery, and heavy equipment manufacturing due to their high cross-sectional utilization, good load-bearing capacity, and ease of industrial manufacturing. In the manufacturing process of H-beams, welding is a crucial process for assembling components such as flanges and webs. However, due to the localized rapid heating and cooling cycles during welding, the material undergoes uneven thermal expansion and contraction. When the free contraction within the structure is restricted by surrounding areas or external constraints, residual stress accumulates within the component, further inducing problems such as angular deformation, bending deformation, and cross-sectional distortion. Currently, research on residual stress and deformation control in welded H-beams mainly focuses on optimizing welding process parameters, adjusting heat input, planning welding sequence, and numerical simulation prediction.

[0003] However, existing residual stress and deformation control technologies for welded H-beams typically focus on analyzing the residual stress state or overall deformation results after welding, and optimizing the final result by adjusting welding parameters. Their control targets are mainly external process factors such as heat input, welding path, and welding sequence, while insufficient consideration is given to the impact of changes in the structure's free shrinkage capacity and material state evolution on the residual stress formation mechanism during welding. Because the structural stiffness of H-beams continuously changes between the welded area, the area to be welded, and the constrained area during continuous welding, the freely shrinkable area within the component dynamically changes with the welding process. Traditional methods struggle to adjust control strategies in real time based on this dynamic change, easily leading to a coupling imbalance between the residual stress concentration area and the overall deformation response. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention is proposed. A first aspect of this invention provides a method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams, comprising the following specific steps:

[0005] Multi-source data of H-beams are collected and preprocessed to generate a welding foundation state dataset. Based on the welding foundation state dataset, the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beams is constructed. The free shrinkage boundary is updated in combination with the welding process to form a dynamic free shrinkage state.

[0006] Based on the dynamic free contraction state, the material state change process in each region is analyzed to determine the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in different regions, and a material state evolution sequence is generated. Based on the material state evolution sequence, the corresponding welding process control parameters are adjusted so that the material in each region changes state according to the preset evolution trend, and the material state evolution results are obtained.

[0007] Based on the material state evolution results, the influence of material state changes in each structural region on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, a residual stress evolution model is established, and a welding process adjustment strategy is determined according to the residual stress evolution model. The welding thermal cycle process and regional shrinkage behavior are adjusted to obtain the residual stress distribution state.

[0008] Based on the residual stress distribution, the corresponding deformation response is analyzed, and the coupling relationship between residual stress and overall deformation is established. Based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the free shrinkage boundary is dynamically reconstructed and used as the free shrinkage boundary for the next welding stage.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of collecting multi-source data of the H-beams and preprocessing it to generate a welding foundation state dataset includes the following steps:

[0010] Collect structural status data, constraint status data, and welding status data of welded H-beams;

[0011] Preliminary processing was performed on the collected multi-source data to synchronize time and unify spatial coordinates, and the data from different sources were mapped to the corresponding structural areas of the H-beam.

[0012] Based on the pre-processed multi-source data, parameter information characterizing the spatial structural features, external constraint features, and welding evolution features of H-beams is extracted to generate a basic feature parameter set;

[0013] The basic feature parameter set is integrated according to the welding stage to generate a basic welding state dataset.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of constructing the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beam based on the welding foundation state dataset includes the following steps:

[0015] Based on the welding basic state dataset, the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region are determined.

[0016] Based on the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region, identify constrained and shrinkable regions, and mark the directions in which shrinkage is allowed and restricted for each region;

[0017] According to the allowable shrinkage direction and the restricted direction of each region, the H-beam is divided into free shrinkage zones to determine the shrinkage range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone;

[0018] Based on the shrinkable range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone, the shrinkage limit boundary between different free shrinkage zones is determined and combined to form the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beam.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of updating the free shrinkage boundary in conjunction with the welding process to form a dynamic free shrinkage state includes the following steps:

[0020] Acquire welding progress information during the welding process, including the current welding stage, welding position, welding completed area, and area to be welded;

[0021] Based on the structural changes corresponding to the welding process, identify the constraint effect of the completed welding area on the local shrinkage behavior of the H-beam, and determine the area of ​​change of the free shrinkage boundary;

[0022] Based on the free shrinkage boundary change region, adjust the shrinkage direction, shrinkage range and constraint boundary of the corresponding structural region, and update the free shrinkage boundary during the welding process;

[0023] The updated free shrinkage boundary is dynamically recorded according to the welding stage, forming a dynamic free shrinkage state that changes with the welding process.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of analyzing the material state change process in each region based on the dynamic free shrinkage state, determining the material state evolution stages and evolutionary correlations in different regions, and generating a material state evolution sequence includes the following steps:

[0025] Based on the dynamic free contraction state, the contraction state change characteristics of each structural region are obtained. Combined with the heat treatment area, heat treatment time and structural constraint conditions during the welding process, the material state change process of each region is determined.

[0026] Based on the material state change process of each structural region, identify the material state evolution stage of different regions under the action of welding thermal cycle;

[0027] The material state evolution stages include one or more of the following: heating stage, melting stage, solidification stage, cooling stage, and structural stabilization stage;

[0028] Based on the material state evolution stages of each region, the correlation of state evolution between different structural regions due to welding heat transfer, structural connection relationship and shrinkage constraint is analyzed to determine the temporal and spatial correlation between the material state change processes of each region.

[0029] Based on the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in each region, the material state evolution process of different structural regions is described in relation to each other, generating a material state evolution sequence that characterizes the material state change law in each region during the welding process of H-beams.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of adjusting the corresponding welding process control parameters based on the material state evolution sequence to cause the material in each region to change state according to a preset evolution trend and obtain the material state evolution result includes the following steps:

[0031] Based on the material state evolution sequence, the material state evolution stage, evolution correlation and corresponding welding process influencing factors of each structural region are obtained, and the adjustment requirements of the material state evolution process in different regions are determined.

[0032] Based on the material state evolution stage and adjustment requirements of each structural region, the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions and structural constraint state on the material state change process is analyzed, and the corresponding welding process control parameters are determined.

[0033] Based on the determined welding process control parameters, the thermal action process and cooling process during the welding of H-beams are adjusted so that the material state change process of each structural region matches the preset evolution trend corresponding to the material state evolution sequence.

[0034] Information on temperature response, shrinkage response, microstructure change response, and structural deformation response of each structural region during the welding process is collected to obtain the material state evolution results of each region.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the coupled control method for residual stress and deformation of welded H-beams described in this invention, the following steps are included: Analyzing the influence of material state changes in each structural region on the residual stress formation process based on material state evolution results, and establishing a residual stress evolution model:

[0036] Based on the material state change process, state evolution stage, and thermal effect change information of each structural region in the material state evolution results, the thermal cycling process in different regions during the welding process is determined.

[0037] Based on the thermal cycling process of each structural region, combined with the material state change stage, structural constraints and shrinkage deformation characteristics, the influence of material state change in different regions on the plastic deformation generation process and the residual stress formation process is analyzed.

[0038] Based on the thermal cycling process, plastic deformation characteristics, and shrinkage constraints of each structural region, the influencing factors in the formation of residual stress in different regions are determined.

[0039] Based on the influencing factors in the formation of residual stress in different regions, a residual stress evolution model is established to characterize the relationship between material state changes and residual stress formation during the welding process of H-beams.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of determining the welding process adjustment strategy based on the residual stress evolution model, adjusting the welding thermal cycle process and regional shrinkage behavior, and obtaining the residual stress distribution state includes the following steps:

[0041] Based on the residual stress evolution model, the residual stress formation characteristics, material state change characteristics, and structural constraint influence information of each structural region are obtained to determine the adjustment requirements in the residual stress formation process of different regions.

[0042] Based on the residual stress formation characteristics and adjustment requirements of each structural region, the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions and structural constraint state on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, and the corresponding welding process adjustment parameters are determined.

[0043] Based on the determined welding process adjustment parameters, the thermal cycle process and cooling process during the welding of H-beams are adjusted so that the temperature change process, material state change process and shrinkage deformation process in different structural regions match the optimization trend corresponding to the residual stress evolution model.

[0044] After welding, information on residual stress state, structural deformation response, and material state response of each structural region is collected to obtain the optimized residual stress distribution state.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of analyzing the corresponding deformation response based on the residual stress distribution and establishing the coupling relationship between residual stress and overall deformation includes the following steps:

[0046] To obtain the stress application area, stress magnitude and spatial distribution characteristics in the residual stress distribution, and to determine the residual stress state corresponding to different structural regions of the H-beam;

[0047] Based on the residual stress state, the displacement changes, angular deformation changes and overall morphological changes generated in each structural region are analyzed to obtain the deformation response characteristics corresponding to the residual stress distribution.

[0048] Based on the deformation response characteristics, parameters such as the deformation influence area, deformation direction, and deformation degree of the H-beam under residual stress are extracted.

[0049] By combining the residual stress state and deformation response characteristics, a stress-deformation coupling relationship is established to characterize the influence of residual stress changes on overall deformation.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in this invention, the step of dynamically reconstructing the free shrinkage boundary based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship and using it as the free shrinkage boundary for the next welding stage includes the following steps:

[0051] Based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the adjustment area of ​​the free shrinkage boundary in the current welding stage is determined;

[0052] Based on the adjustment region of the free shrinkage boundary, the influence of residual stress concentration region and deformation sensitive region on the structural shrinkage behavior is analyzed, and free shrinkage boundary correction control instructions are generated.

[0053] Based on the free contraction boundary correction control command, the contraction range, constraint state and allowable deformation direction of the corresponding structural region are adjusted to form the updated free contraction boundary;

[0054] The updated free shrinkage boundary will be used as the boundary condition for the next stage of material state transition control and residual stress release control.

[0055] A second aspect of the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that: when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above-described method for coupling control of residual stress and deformation of welded H-beams.

[0056] Compared with existing technologies, the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams provided by this invention constructs and dynamically updates the free shrinkage boundary during the welding process of H-beams. This allows the shrinkable and confined regions within the welded structure to adaptively adjust with the welding process, avoiding the problem in traditional methods where the analysis of welding residual stress based solely on fixed constraints fails to effectively reflect the actual shrinkage state changes of the structure. This improves the accuracy of structural state characterization during welding. By constructing a material state evolution sequence based on the dynamic free shrinkage state and adjusting process control parameters such as welding heat input, welding path, and cooling conditions according to the material state evolution sequence, different structural regions change according to a predetermined material state evolution trend. This coordinates the mutual influence between welding thermal cycling, shrinkage deformation, and residual stress formation processes, reducing stress concentration caused by local thermal differences and deformation constraints. Furthermore, by analyzing the effects of material state changes, thermal cycling, and structural constraints on residual stress formation based on a residual stress evolution model, this method effectively addresses these issues. The study investigated the impact of the process, identifying the characteristics and influencing factors of residual stress formation in different regions during welding. Further, based on the residual stress formation characteristics, the study determined the adjustment requirements for the welding process and adjusted the welding heat input, welding path, cooling conditions, and regional shrinkage behavior to match the welding thermal cycle process with the material state change process, thus optimizing the residual stress formation process. By adjusting the process factors affecting residual stress formation, the study reduced stress concentration caused by differences in local thermal effects and uneven shrinkage constraints, improving the residual stress distribution after welding the H-beam and enhancing the stability and residual stress control effect of the welded structure. Furthermore, by establishing a coupling feedback mechanism between residual stress and overall deformation, the structural deformation response can act inversely on the free shrinkage boundary adjustment process, achieving coordinated optimization of stress control and deformation control during welding. This avoids the control lag problem caused by adjusting only residual stress or only deformation results individually, improving the overall adaptability of residual stress and deformation control during the manufacturing process of welded H-beams. Attached Figure Description

[0057] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for controlling the coupling of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams.

[0059] Figure 2 A flowchart for constructing a dynamic free contraction state. Detailed Implementation

[0060] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0061] As mentioned in the background section above, during the continuous welding process of H-beams, the structural stiffness of the welded area, the area to be welded, and the constrained area will continuously change. This causes the freely shrinkable area inside the component to change dynamically with the welding process. Traditional methods are difficult to adjust the control strategy in real time according to this dynamic change process, which can easily lead to a coupling imbalance between the residual stress concentration area and the overall deformation response.

[0062] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As an embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a method for controlling the coupled residual stress and deformation of welded H-beams, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Multi-source data of H-beams are collected and preprocessed to generate a welding foundation state dataset. Based on the welding foundation state dataset, the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beams is constructed. The free shrinkage boundary is updated in combination with the welding process to form a dynamic free shrinkage state.

[0064] Specifically, structural status data, constraint status data, and welding status data of welded H-beams are collected;

[0065] The structural status data includes beam dimensions, cross-sectional structure, and weld spatial location parameters.

[0066] The constraint state data includes clamping position, support state, and constraint direction parameters;

[0067] The welding status data includes welding path, welding stage, and welding timing parameters;

[0068] Preliminary processing was performed on the collected multi-source data to synchronize time and unify spatial coordinates, and the data from different sources were mapped to the corresponding structural areas of the H-beam.

[0069] To address the issue of different sources for structural state data, constraint state data, and welding state data, a unified time reference is established according to the welding process time nodes, and data from different acquisition times are converted to the corresponding welding stages.

[0070] Subsequently, using the overall coordinate system of the H-beam as a unified spatial reference, the structural dimension information, constraint positions, and welding path coordinates were transformed into the same spatial coordinate system, so that data from different sources could be mapped to specific structural areas of the H-beam.

[0071] Based on the pre-processed multi-source data, parameter information characterizing the spatial structural features, external constraint features, and welding evolution features of H-beams is extracted to generate a basic feature parameter set;

[0072] Specifically, beam size parameters, cross-sectional shape parameters, and weld location parameters are extracted from structural state data to form spatial structural features;

[0073] Extract the fixture's position, support direction, and constraint area parameters from the constraint state data to form external constraint features;

[0074] Welding evolution characteristics are formed by extracting information on welding stage, welding path position changes, and welding completion area from welding status data.

[0075] The basic feature parameter set is integrated according to the welding stage to generate a basic welding state dataset;

[0076] According to the different welding stages in the welding process, the basic feature parameter set is divided into stages, and the structural state parameters, constraint state parameters and welding state parameters in the corresponding stages are combined to form a basic welding state dataset containing spatial location, constraint conditions and welding state information.

[0077] By collecting structural state data, constraint state data, and welding state data of welded H-beams, and performing time synchronization, spatial coordinate unification, and structural region mapping processing on the multi-source data, the association and fusion of welding process information from different sources were achieved, enabling various types of data to be mapped to specific structural regions of the H-beams. Furthermore, based on the processed multi-source data, spatial structural features, external constraint features, and welding evolution feature parameters were extracted and integrated according to welding stages to generate a state dataset representing the basic state of the welding process. This enabled a comprehensive description of the structural state, constraint changes, and welding evolution process of H-beams during welding, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent free shrinkage boundary construction, material state transition control, and residual stress and deformation coupling analysis, thereby improving the completeness of welding process state identification and the reliability of control strategy formulation.

[0078] Furthermore, based on the welding basic state dataset, the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region are determined;

[0079] Based on the beam size parameters, cross-sectional structural parameters, and weld spatial location parameters in the welding foundation state dataset, an overall spatial coordinate system for H-beams is established.

[0080] Based on the cross-sectional structural characteristics of H-beams, they are divided into flange region, web region, and weld connection region;

[0081] Load the clamping position, support state and constraint direction parameters in the welding basic state dataset into the corresponding spatial coordinate region to determine the position of external constraint action and the range of constraint influence.

[0082] The area covered by welding heat is determined based on the spatial location parameters of the weld, thus obtaining the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage range of each structural area of ​​the H-beam.

[0083] Based on the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region, identify constrained and shrinkable regions, and mark the directions in which shrinkage is allowed and restricted for each region;

[0084] Based on the spatial location of each structural region, the H-beam is divided into multiple regions to be analyzed, and the clamping position, support position and constraint direction information are loaded into the corresponding structural regions.

[0085] When a structural region is in a clamping position or within the range of support, it is determined that the region is subject to external constraints.

[0086] When a structural region is not subject to external constraints and is located outside the area affected by welding heat, it is determined that the region has the conditions for free shrinkage.

[0087] The main shrinkage direction caused by heat during welding is determined based on the weld coverage area, and the shrinkage behavior of each structural region is judged in combination with the direction of external constraints.

[0088] When a structural region has a space release condition along a certain direction, that direction is marked as the allowable contraction direction;

[0089] When a structural region is clamped, supported, or restricted by an adjacent structure in a certain direction, that direction is marked as the restricted direction.

[0090] According to the allowable shrinkage direction and the restricted direction of each region, the H-beam is divided into free shrinkage zones to determine the shrinkage range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone;

[0091] Based on the permissible and restricted contraction directions marked on each structural region, continuous structural regions with the same contraction direction characteristics and the same restricted direction characteristics are classified, and regions with consistent contraction behavior are divided into the same free contraction zone.

[0092] The structural regions that can contract along the same direction and are not subject to external constraints are classified as the first type of free contraction zones, and the structural regions that are constrained along a specific direction but still have some contraction space are classified as the second type of restricted contraction zones. The boundary range of different zones is determined according to the spatial position of each region in the H-beam.

[0093] Based on the structural area covered by each free shrinkage zone, determine the shrinkable range of the corresponding zone;

[0094] Based on the clamping positions, support positions, and adjacent structural constraints within the partition, a weighted fusion of the number of clamping positions, support positions, and restricted contraction directions is performed to determine the degree of constraint for the corresponding partition. The formula is as follows:

[0095] ;

[0096] in, For freely shrinkable partition indexes, For the first The degree of constraint on each free contraction partition, For the first The number of clamping positions for each free contraction zone. For the first The number of support locations for each free contraction zone. For the first The number of restricted contraction directions for each freely contractible zone. , , These are the weighting coefficients for the number of manually set clamping positions, the number of support positions, and the number of restricted contraction directions, respectively.

[0097] The shrinkable range characterizes the spatial area in which each free shrinkable zone is allowed to shrink and deform during the welding process, while the degree of constraint characterizes the strength of the external constraint on each free shrinkable zone.

[0098] Based on the shrinkable range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone, the shrinkage limit boundary between different free shrinkage zones is determined and combined to form the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beam.

[0099] The spatial connection status between each free contraction zone is analyzed. According to the actual spatial distribution relationship of the welded structure, the free contraction zones that are in contact or influence each other are obtained, and the free contraction zones with spatial connection are taken as boundary analysis objects.

[0100] For any two adjacent freely shrinkable partitions, obtain the shrinkable range and constraint degree of the two partitions respectively, and calculate the difference in shrinkage state between the two partitions;

[0101] The difference in shrinkable range is determined based on the shrinkable range of the two partitions, using the following formula:

[0102] ;

[0103] in, In order to be with the first A partition index for each freely shrinkable partition that has an adjacent relationship. For the first The shrinkable range of a freely shrinkable partition. For the first The shrinkable range of a freely shrinkable partition. For the first The first free contraction zone and the first Differences in the shrinkable range between the free shrinkable zones.

[0104] The difference in constraint levels between the two partitions is calculated using the following formula:

[0105] ;

[0106] in, For the first The degree of constraint on each free contraction partition, For the first The first free contraction zone and the first Differences in the degree of constraint between the free contraction partitions.

[0107] When the two free shrinking partitions satisfy the following conditions or When the two free contraction zones are identified, a region of abrupt change in contraction behavior is determined, and the boundary between the two zones is defined as the contraction restriction boundary.

[0108] in, The threshold for determining the difference in the shrinkable range is set. The threshold for determining the difference in the degree of constraint is set.

[0109] The shrinkage restriction boundaries determined between multiple free shrinkage zones are connected according to the spatial coordinates of the H-shaped steel beam to form a continuous boundary region, and this continuous boundary region is used as the initial free shrinkage boundary to restrict the free shrinkage behavior of each region in the initial stage of welding.

[0110] The free contraction boundary does not refer to the geometric boundary in the solid structure, but rather to the virtual boundary that characterizes the free contraction capability of the structural region during the welding process. By limiting the degree of contraction freedom and the contraction transmission relationship between different structural regions, it describes the deformation release space of the structure under the action of welding thermal cycle.

[0111] The free contraction boundary includes structural region identification information, permissible contraction direction information, restricted direction information, contractible range information, and contraction constraint relationship information between regions.

[0112] By determining the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region of the H-beam based on a welding baseline dataset, accurate identification of structural region characteristics and external constraint conditions during the welding process is achieved. Constrained and contractile regions are divided according to the spatial distribution and constraint relationships of the regions, and the allowable and restricted contraction directions of each region are marked, enabling differentiated descriptions of the free deformation capabilities of different structural regions. By analyzing the contractile range and constraint degree of each free contraction zone, contraction restriction relationships between different regions are established, and initial free contraction boundaries are formed. This transforms the fixed constraint conditions in the traditional welding process into boundary states that characterize the actual contraction behavior of the structure. This provides fundamental constraint conditions for dynamic updating of free contraction boundaries, material state transformation control, and residual stress regulation in subsequent welding processes, reducing stress concentration and deformation prediction deviations caused by unclear constraint states, and improving the accuracy of coordinated control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams.

[0113] Furthermore, it acquires welding progress information during the welding process, including the current welding stage, welding position, welding completed area, and area to be welded.

[0114] Based on the structural changes corresponding to the welding process, identify the constraint effect of the completed welding area on the local shrinkage behavior of the H-beam, and determine the area of ​​change of the free shrinkage boundary;

[0115] Since the weld connects the two structural regions that were originally able to shrink relatively to form a whole after welding, it is necessary to conduct a constraint influence analysis on the free shrinkage zone directly connected to the welded area, with the welded area as the center.

[0116] In sequence, determine whether each free shrinkage zone meets any of the following conditions: the free shrinkage zone and the welded area share a common boundary; the free shrinkage zone and the welded area are structurally connected through the formed weld; the allowable shrinkage direction of the free shrinkage zone points to the welded area; the shrinkable range of the free shrinkage zone overlaps with the welded area.

[0117] When a free shrinkage zone meets any of the conditions, the free shrinkage zone is identified as a welding influence zone, and the constraint effect of the weld completion area on its shrinkage behavior is further analyzed.

[0118] For each weld-affected zone, reassess whether its allowable shrinkage direction is limited by the new weld, analyze whether its shrinkable range is reduced due to weld connection, and determine whether its constraint boundary has expanded.

[0119] If at least one of the following changes in the allowable shrinkage direction, shrinkable range, or constraint boundary of the weld-affected zone, the free shrinkage zone is marked as a boundary update zone.

[0120] All boundary update partitions are spatially merged, and the boundary region between the boundary update partition and the unchanged free shrinkage partition is extracted. The boundary region is determined as the free shrinkage boundary change region.

[0121] Based on the free shrinkage boundary change region, adjust the shrinkage direction, shrinkage range and constraint boundary of the corresponding structural region, and update the free shrinkage boundary during the welding process;

[0122] When the shrinkage conditions of adjacent structural areas are changed after the welding area has been completed, the original allowable shrinkage direction of the corresponding area is corrected.

[0123] When a welded connection prevents a certain area from continuing to shrink freely, the shrinkable range of the corresponding area should be reduced.

[0124] When the local constraints of the welded connection are released or changed, the constraint boundaries of the corresponding area are readjusted.

[0125] Based on the revised shrinkage direction, shrinkage range, and constraint boundaries, the free shrinkage zones are recombined to form the free shrinkage boundary corresponding to the current welding stage.

[0126] The updated free shrinkage boundary is dynamically recorded according to the welding stage to form a dynamic free shrinkage state that changes with the welding process.

[0127] To determine the free shrinkage boundary, a thermo-mechanical coupled numerical simulation method was used to obtain the deformation response information of each structural region during the welding process.

[0128] Specifically, a finite element model is established based on the actual structural dimensions of the H-beam, the welded area is set as a continuous connection constraint area, and the connection relationship in the model is updated step by step according to the welding process.

[0129] The free shrinkage capacity of each region is determined based on the displacement change of each node along the welding shrinkage direction at different welding stages.

[0130] When the displacement response of a node in a certain region is restricted by the welded area, and there is a difference between its actual contraction displacement and the contraction displacement in the free state, the region is determined to be a constrained region.

[0131] The location of the displacement response change between the free contraction region and the constrained region is defined as the free contraction boundary.

[0132] By acquiring progress information such as the current welding stage, welding position, completed areas, and areas awaiting welding during the welding process, real-time perception of the changes in the welding state of H-beams is achieved. Furthermore, based on the structural changes caused by the welding process, the constraint influence of the completed welding area on local shrinkage behavior is analyzed, identifying areas where the free shrinkage boundary changes, enabling the free shrinkage boundary to adapt to structural state changes during welding. By dynamically adjusting the shrinkage direction, shrinkage range, and constraint boundaries within the changing areas, real-time updates of the free shrinkage conditions during welding are achieved. Combined with the welding stage, the updated boundary state is recorded, forming a dynamic free shrinkage state that evolves with the welding process. This avoids the deviation in shrinkage behavior description caused by using fixed boundary conditions, providing dynamic boundary basis for subsequent material state transition control, residual stress transfer analysis, and stress release strategy optimization, thus improving the adaptability and accuracy of the coordinated control of residual stress and deformation in H-beam welding.

[0133] Based on the dynamic free contraction state, the material state change process in each region is analyzed to determine the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in different regions, and a material state evolution sequence is generated. Based on the material state evolution sequence, the corresponding welding process control parameters are adjusted so that the material in each region changes state according to the preset evolution trend, and the material state evolution results are obtained.

[0134] Specifically, based on the dynamic free contraction state, information on the change of free contraction capacity of each structural region during the welding process of H-beams is obtained;

[0135] The information on the change in free shrinkage capacity characterizes the changes in the deformation release state of different structural regions under the action of welding thermal cycling due to thermal expansion, cooling contraction, and changes in structural constraints.

[0136] Based on the region division results in the dynamic free shrinkage state, the spatial location, welding influence range, constraint state and shrinkage restriction relationship of each structural region are obtained.

[0137] By combining the heat source movement trajectory, heat application range, and heat application duration during the welding process, the temperature change process of different structural regions after being subjected to heat input is analyzed.

[0138] Based on the thermal state, shrinkage state changes, and constraint conditions of each structural region, the material state change process of each region is determined.

[0139] Based on the material state change process of each structural region, identify the material state evolution stage of different regions under the action of welding thermal cycle;

[0140] First, based on the material state of each structural region, define the region state determination parameters, using the following formula:

[0141] ;

[0142] in, For structural region indexing, For time index, For the first Each structural region in Time-determination parameters For the first Each structural region in Temperature at any moment , for the first Each structural region in The rate of temperature change at any given time For the first Each structural region in The liquid phase ratio at a given time.

[0143] Based on the regional state determination parameters, the material state of each structural region is divided into different evolution stages;

[0144] The material state evolution stages include the heating stage, melting stage, solidification stage, cooling stage, and structural stabilization stage;

[0145] When the state determination parameters of the structural region satisfy and At that time, the region was designated as the warming phase;

[0146] in, The minimum heating rate threshold is set. The value is the melting point of the material.

[0147] When the state determination parameters of the structural region satisfy and At that time, the area was designated as the melting stage;

[0148] in, The threshold value for the liquid phase ratio is set.

[0149] When the state determination parameters of the structural region satisfy and At that time, the area was designated as the solidification stage;

[0150] When the state determination parameters of the structural region satisfy and At that time, the area was designated as the cooling phase;

[0151] When the state determination parameters of the structural region satisfy and At that time, the area was designated as the organizational stabilization phase;

[0152] in, To set a stable temperature change threshold, For a stable duration.

[0153] Based on the material state evolution stages of each region, the correlation of state evolution between different structural regions due to welding heat transfer, structural connection relationship and shrinkage constraint is analyzed to determine the temporal and spatial correlation between the material state change processes of each region.

[0154] For each structural region, the corresponding material state evolution stage, the time of entering the current material state evolution stage, spatial location, temperature state, and degree of shrinkage constraint are obtained, and regional state information is constructed using the following formula:

[0155] ;

[0156] in, For the first Each structural region in The region's state information at any given time. For the first Each structural region in The material state evolution stage corresponding to each moment. For the first The starting moment when a structural region enters the current material state evolution stage. For the first The spatial location of each structural region For the first Each structural region in The degree of limitation of contraction at any given moment.

[0157] The temporal correlation between different structural regions is determined based on the chronological order in which different structural regions enter the corresponding material state evolution stages.

[0158] For any two structural regions, obtain the starting time when they enter the corresponding material state evolution stage, and calculate the stage response time difference, as shown in the formula:

[0159] ;

[0160] in, In order to be with the first Indexes of structural regions that are different from each other For the first The structural region and the first The time difference of stage response between structural regions For the first The starting point of the current material state evolution stage for each structural region.

[0161] when When, it indicates the first The structural region is compared to the first Each structural region first enters the corresponding material state evolution stage;

[0162] when When, it indicates the first The structural region and the first Each structural region simultaneously enters the corresponding material state evolution stage;

[0163] when When, it indicates the first The structural region is compared to the first After each structural region, it enters the corresponding material state evolution stage.

[0164] The inter-regional time correlation coefficient is determined based on the stage response time difference, using the following formula:

[0165] ;

[0166] in, For the first The structural region and the first The temporal correlation coefficient between structural regions For the first The structural region and the first The temporal correlation feature scale between structural regions.

[0167] The time-related feature scale The time is determined based on the time it takes for the welding heat source to move between the two regions, the material thermal diffusion time, and the preset associated time window.

[0168] The range of values ​​for the time correlation coefficient is: The smaller the time interval between two structural regions entering their respective evolution stages, the larger the time correlation coefficient, indicating that the material state changes between the two regions have strong continuity in time. When the time interval increases, the time correlation coefficient decreases accordingly.

[0169] Furthermore, based on welding heat transfer, structural connection relationships, and shrinkage constraints, the spatial relationships between different structural regions are determined;

[0170] First, based on the spatial locations of the two structural regions, calculate the equivalent spatial distance between them using the following formula:

[0171] ;

[0172] in, For the first The spatial location of each structural region For the first The structural region and the first The equivalent spatial distance between structural regions.

[0173] Based on the equivalent spatial distance and the diffusion range of welding heat, the heat transfer correlation component between the two structural regions is determined by the following formula:

[0174] ;

[0175] in, For the first The structural region and the first The heat transfer correlation components between structural regions This is the equivalent heat-affected length under the current welding conditions.

[0176] The closer the two structural regions are, and the more they are both within the range of the welding heat effect, the greater the heat transfer correlation component. As the distance between the two structural regions increases, the heat transfer correlation component gradually decreases.

[0177] Based on the structural connection relationship between two structural regions, the structural connection associated components are determined using the following formula:

[0178] ;

[0179] in, For the first The structural region and the first Structural connection components between structural regions For the first The structural region and the first Effective connection area between structural regions , They represent the first The structural region and the first The characteristic area of ​​each structural region.

[0180] For two structural regions that are directly connected through the weld connection interface or the flange and web connection position, the structural connection correlation component is large.

[0181] For two structural regions that do not have a direct connection relationship, the structural connection association component is set to 0.

[0182] Furthermore, the degree of contraction restriction in different structural regions is determined based on the dynamic free contraction state;

[0183] For any structural region, obtain its free shrinkage and actual allowable shrinkage under the current welding state, and determine the shrinkage restriction coefficient accordingly. The formula is as follows:

[0184] ;

[0185] in, For the first The contraction constraint coefficient of each structural region For the first The actual allowable shrinkage of each structural region For the first The free contraction of each structural region A very small positive number is set to prevent the denominator from being zero.

[0186] When the actual allowable shrinkage is close to the free shrinkage, it indicates that the region has a high free shrinkage capacity and a low degree of shrinkage restriction.

[0187] When the actual allowable shrinkage is significantly less than the free shrinkage, it indicates that the regional shrinkage deformation is strongly constrained.

[0188] Based on the contraction constraint states of the two structural regions and the structural connection relationship between them, the contraction constraint associated components are determined using the following formula:

[0189] ;

[0190] in, For the first The structural region and the first Contraction constraint correlation components between structural regions For the first The shrinkage constraint coefficient of each structural region.

[0191] Based on the heat transfer correlation component, structural connection correlation component, and contraction constraint correlation component, the spatial correlation coefficient between two structural regions is determined using the following formula:

[0192] ;

[0193] in, For the first The structural region and the first Spatial correlation coefficients between structural regions , , These are the weighting coefficients for the heat transfer correlation component, structural connection correlation component, and contraction constraint correlation component, respectively.

[0194] The weighting coefficients are calibrated based on data on regional state changes during historical welding processes.

[0195] The time correlation coefficient and spatial correlation coefficient are combined to determine the material state evolution correlation coefficient between different structural regions, as shown in the formula:

[0196] ;

[0197] in, For the first The structural region and the first The correlation coefficient of material state evolution between structural regions.

[0198] A preset evolution correlation threshold is set. When the material state evolution correlation coefficient between two structural regions exceeds the evolution correlation threshold, it is determined that there is a state evolution correlation relationship between the two structural regions.

[0199] For two structural regions that have a state evolution relationship, the state evolution direction is further determined based on the corresponding stage response time difference;

[0200] when When, it indicates the first The material state change of the first structural region precedes that of the second. The first structural region occurs and is established by the first The structural region points to the first The directed state evolution correlation of each structural region.

[0201] For example, when the welding heat source first acts on the weld coverage area, causing the weld coverage area to enter the heating stage, after a preset time interval, the adjacent flange area enters the heating stage due to heat conduction, and the material state evolution correlation coefficient between the two is greater than the preset evolution correlation threshold, it is determined that a corresponding heating evolution correlation relationship is formed between the weld coverage area and the adjacent flange area.

[0202] Similarly, when the weld coverage area transitions from the melting stage to the solidification stage, and the adjacent flange area or web area subsequently enters the heating stage, cooling stage, or other corresponding evolution stages due to heat propagation and structural constraints, the cross-regional correlation between different material state evolution stages is determined based on the stage response time difference of different regions and the material state evolution correlation coefficient.

[0203] Based on the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in each region, the material state evolution process in different structural regions is described in relation to each other, generating a material state evolution sequence that characterizes the material state change law in each region during the welding process of H-beams.

[0204] Specifically, each material state evolution stage corresponding to each structural region is constructed as a state node;

[0205] For the same structural region, adjacent state nodes are connected according to the time sequence of its different material state evolution stages.

[0206] For different structural regions, if the correlation coefficient of material state evolution between nodes exceeds the threshold, the cross-regional evolution direction between two state nodes is determined based on the stage response time difference, and cross-regional state correlation is established.

[0207] By combining the state nodes and their corresponding intra-regional state change relationships with cross-regional state evolution associations, a material state evolution sequence is generated.

[0208] The material state evolution sequence characterizes the material state evolution stages corresponding to each structural region, the temporal relationship of each region entering different material state evolution stages, the spatial interaction relationship between different structural regions due to heat transfer and structural connection, and the differences in material state changes caused by different degrees of shrinkage restriction in different structural regions.

[0209] By acquiring the shrinkage state change characteristics of each structural region based on the dynamic free shrinkage state, and combining the thermal action area, thermal action time, and structural constraint conditions during the welding process, the material state change process of different regions is determined, realizing an accurate analysis of the thermal cycle effect and material state change law of each region during the welding of H-beams. By identifying different material state evolution stages such as heating, melting, solidification, cooling, and microstructure stabilization, and combining the welding heat transfer, structural connection, and shrinkage constraint effects to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of material state changes in each region, a continuous characterization of the material state evolution process during welding is achieved. Furthermore, based on the material state evolution stages and change characteristics of each region, a material state evolution sequence is generated, providing a state basis for subsequent welding process parameter adjustment, residual stress formation analysis, and deformation control, thus improving the accuracy of the thermal process analysis of welded H-beams.

[0210] Furthermore, based on the material state evolution sequence, the material state evolution stage corresponding to each structural region is obtained. Combining the thermal action time, spatial location and shrinkage restriction degree of each region during the welding process, the differences between the current material state change process and the target evolution trend of different structural regions are analyzed.

[0211] Specifically, based on the state change process of each structural region recorded in the material state evolution sequence, the current material state evolution stage of different regions is determined;

[0212] Specifically, for regions in the heating phase, the rate of temperature change and the degree of effect of current heat input are analyzed.

[0213] For regions in the melting or solidification stage, analyze the duration of thermal action and the state of heat release.

[0214] For areas in the cooling or tissue stabilization phase, analyze their cooling rate and shrinkage deformation release.

[0215] Based on the current material state evolution stage of each structural region, determine the corresponding target evolution state;

[0216] The target evolution state is predetermined based on the H-beam material type, welding process requirements, target residual stress level, and target deformation control requirements, including the target temperature change state, target stage duration, and target shrinkage deformation state.

[0217] The difference between the current material state of the structural region and the corresponding target evolution state is expressed as the state evolution deviation, and the formula is:

[0218] ;

[0219] in, For the first State evolution deviation of each structural region For the first The deviation between the current temperature change state and the target temperature change state of each structural region. For the first The deviation between the duration of the current material state evolution stage of a structural region and the target duration. For the first The deviation between the current contraction deformation state and the target contraction deformation state of a structural region , , These are the weighting coefficients for the corresponding deviation items.

[0220] Based on the positive and negative directions and magnitude of the state evolution deviation, the degree of deviation of the current material state change in different structural regions from the target evolution trend is determined, and the welding process factors that need to be adjusted are determined accordingly.

[0221] The welding process control factors include one or more of the following: welding heat input, welding speed, welding heat source movement path, and cooling conditions.

[0222] Among them, when the temperature rise rate of a certain structural region is lower than the target state, or the time of entering the melting stage is later than the target evolution trend, the heat input corresponding to that region is increased according to the preset heat input step size, or the welding heat source moving speed is reduced according to the preset speed step size, so as to increase the effective effect of the heat source in that region.

[0223] When the temperature rise rate of a certain structural region is higher than the target state, or the local heat accumulation degree is higher than the target evolution trend, the heat input corresponding to that region is reduced according to the preset heat input step size, or the welding heat source moving speed is increased according to the preset speed step size, so as to reduce the degree of heat input effect in that region.

[0224] When the material state evolution sequence indicates that a certain structural region actually enters the cooling stage earlier than the target entry time, it is determined that the high-temperature state duration of that region needs to be extended, and the effective heat input corresponding to the unit length of the weld is increased according to the preset heat input step.

[0225] With welding voltage and welding current remaining basically stable, the effective heat input per unit length of weld and welding speed satisfy the following formula:

[0226] ;

[0227] in, The effective heat input per unit length of weld. For welding thermal efficiency, For welding voltage, For welding current, This refers to the welding speed.

[0228] Therefore, when it is necessary to increase the effective heat input to delay the cooling stage of a certain structural area, the welding speed should be reduced.

[0229] When it is necessary to reduce the effective heat input to end the thermal process of a certain structural area earlier, the welding speed should be increased.

[0230] Furthermore, the adjustment range of welding process parameters is determined based on the state evolution deviation;

[0231] For any structural region, the adjustment amount of welding process parameters satisfies the following formula:

[0232] ;

[0233] in, For the first Adjustment amount of welding process parameters determined for each structural region For the first The adjustment coefficient between the state evolution deviation of each structural region and the corresponding welding process parameters.

[0234] The adjustment coefficient is determined based on historical welding data and test calibration results.

[0235] When the parameter to be adjusted is the welding speed, the direction and magnitude of the speed adjustment are determined based on the state evolution deviation.

[0236] When the adjusted parameter is the welding heat input, the amount of increase or decrease in heat input is determined based on the deviation.

[0237] When the adjusted parameter is a cooling condition, the adjustment amount for cooling intensity or cooling duration is determined based on the deviation.

[0238] For adjacent structural regions with obvious temporal correlation in the material state evolution sequence, the welding heat source movement path or welding sequence is adjusted according to the order of state evolution between regions, so that the time when the subsequent region enters the corresponding material state evolution stage matches the target evolution trend.

[0239] For structural areas in the cooling phase, when the actual cooling rate is higher than the target cooling rate, the cooling intensity should be reduced or the active cooling time should be shortened; when the actual cooling rate is lower than the target cooling rate, the cooling intensity should be increased or the cooling time should be extended.

[0240] Based on state evolution deviation analysis and parameter adjustment relationship, welding process control parameters that match the material state evolution sequence are determined;

[0241] Based on the determined welding process control parameters, the thermal and cooling processes during the welding of H-beams are adjusted.

[0242] Specifically, during the welding process, the welding heat source input state and cooling state are adjusted according to one or more parameters among the determined welding heat input, welding speed, welding heat source movement path and cooling conditions, so that the material state change process of different structural regions gradually approaches the target evolution trend.

[0243] Based on the changes in the state of each region during the cooling stage, the cooling time and cooling intensity are adjusted so that the welding area gradually enters the stable stage of the structure according to the preset trend after completing the thermal cycle.

[0244] Furthermore, response information from each structural region during the welding process is collected to obtain the material state evolution results;

[0245] The response information of each structural region includes temperature change information during the welding process of each structural region, shrinkage deformation information of each structural region under thermal cycling, microstructure change information after welding of each region, and overall deformation response information of the H-beam.

[0246] Based on the collected temperature change information, shrinkage deformation information, microstructure change information, and overall deformation response information, the actual material state evolution stages, stage duration processes, and state change results experienced by each structural region are determined, and the material state evolution results are obtained.

[0247] The material state evolution results characterize the actual material state evolution stages experienced by each structural region, the actual state change process of each region, the influence of welding heat and cooling process on the material state change, and the final state of the material state after the material state change in different regions.

[0248] By acquiring the material state evolution stages, change characteristics, and welding process influencing factors corresponding to each structural region based on the material state evolution sequence, the adjustment requirements during the material state evolution process of different regions are determined, enabling the identification of differences in state changes in each region during welding and providing a basis for optimizing welding process parameters. By analyzing the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions, and structural constraint state on the material state change process, welding process control parameters matching the material state evolution process are determined, enabling targeted adjustment of the thermal and cooling processes, ensuring that the material state change process in different regions conforms to the predetermined evolution trend. Furthermore, by collecting information on temperature response, shrinkage response, microstructure change response, and structural deformation response during the welding process, the material state evolution results of each region are obtained, achieving dynamic feedback on the material state change process during welding. This provides a data foundation for subsequent residual stress formation analysis and deformation coupling control, improving the accuracy of residual stress control and structural stability of welded H-beams.

[0249] Based on the material state evolution results, the influence of material state changes in each structural region on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, a residual stress evolution model is established, and a welding process adjustment strategy is determined according to the residual stress evolution model. The welding thermal cycle process and regional shrinkage behavior are adjusted to obtain the residual stress distribution state.

[0250] Specifically, based on the material state evolution results, the material state change process, state evolution stage, and thermal effect change information of each structural region during the welding process of H-beams are obtained;

[0251] Based on the temperature change process, material state change stage, and cooling process information of each structural region recorded in the material state evolution results, the thermal process experienced by different structural regions under the action of welding thermal cycle is determined.

[0252] Among them, the area affected by the welding heat source is first affected by the heat input. As the heat source moves and the heat diffuses, different structural areas undergo heating, melting, solidification, cooling and structural stability changes in sequence.

[0253] Based on the material state change process of each structural region, the temperature change characteristics, state change time, and cooling and shrinkage process of different regions during the welding process are obtained.

[0254] Furthermore, based on the thermal cycling process of each structural region, combined with the material state change stages, structural constraints, and shrinkage deformation characteristics, the influence of material state change on the residual stress formation process is analyzed.

[0255] Specifically, based on the thermal expansion behavior of the material during the transition from the heating stage to the melting stage, the deformation difference between the weld heat-affected area and the surrounding unheated area is analyzed.

[0256] Based on the shrinkage behavior of materials during the transition from solidification to cooling, and considering the structural constraints between the flanges, webs, and welded joints of the H-beam, the degree to which shrinkage deformation is restricted in different areas is analyzed.

[0257] Based on the thermal expansion, plastic deformation, and cooling contraction processes during material state changes, the influencing factors in the formation of residual stress in different structural regions are determined.

[0258] The influencing factors include the temperature change process caused by welding heat input, the plastic deformation process caused by material state changes, the shrinkage restriction process caused by structural constraints, and the strain recovery process during cooling.

[0259] Based on the thermal cycling process, shrinkage deformation characteristics, and structural constraints of each structural region, regional state characteristic parameters characterizing the residual stress formation process are extracted.

[0260] Based on the temperature change process corresponding to the material state evolution stage, obtain the thermal cycling characteristic parameters of each region;

[0261] Among them, the characteristic parameters of thermal cycling include the temperature change range, the rate of temperature change, and the duration of thermal action;

[0262] Specifically, for any structural region, temperature data over time is collected by temperature sensors arranged in the corresponding structural region, or the temperature change process of the corresponding region is obtained based on the location of the welding heat source, the welding heat input, and the thermal conductivity parameters of the material.

[0263] Based on the temperature change process, the highest temperature of the region and the initial temperature before entering the current thermal cycle are determined, and the difference between the two is taken as the temperature change range of the region, as shown in the formula:

[0264] ;

[0265] in, For the first The temperature variation range of each structural region during the current welding thermal cycle. For the first The highest temperature of each structural region during the current thermal cycle. For the first The initial temperature of each structural region before it is subjected to the current thermal action.

[0266] The rate of temperature change is determined based on the amount of temperature change and the time interval between adjacent sampling moments, and the heating rate corresponding to the heating stage and the cooling rate corresponding to the cooling stage are obtained respectively.

[0267] The duration of the thermal effect is determined based on the duration during which the temperature of the structural region is higher than a preset thermally affected temperature threshold, or based on the time interval between the region entering the heating stage and entering the cooling stage.

[0268] This yields the thermal cycle characteristic parameters corresponding to the structural region, including the temperature change range, heating or cooling rate, and duration of thermal action, characterizing the extent to which the current welding thermal cycle affects the material state changes in that region.

[0269] Based on the changes in the free contraction state and the actual contraction state of each structural region, the characteristic parameters of regional contraction deformation are obtained;

[0270] Specifically, the theoretical free shrinkage amount of the structural region after the end of the current thermal cycle is obtained based on the dynamic free shrinkage state, and the actual shrinkage amount corresponding to the structural region is obtained based on the image measurement results.

[0271] The degree of regional shrinkage restriction is determined by comparing the free shrinkage amount with the actual shrinkage amount, and the shrinkage restriction coefficient is used as a characteristic parameter of shrinkage deformation.

[0272] Based on the connection forms and deformation restriction states between different structural regions of the H-beam, structural constraint characteristic parameters are obtained to describe the influence of structural connection conditions on regional shrinkage deformation and residual stress formation process.

[0273] Based on the thermal cycling characteristic parameters, shrinkage deformation characteristic parameters, and structural constraint characteristic parameters corresponding to each structural region, a residual stress evolution model is established to characterize the relationship between material state changes and residual stress formation process during the welding of H-beams.

[0274] The residual stress evolution model adopts an incremental semi-empirical model based on regional state parameters;

[0275] The incremental semi-empirical model takes the change in residual stress between adjacent material states in each structural region as the calculation object, and determines the residual stress increment of the corresponding region according to the current degree of thermal cycling, the degree of shrinkage restriction, and the degree of structural constraint.

[0276] For any region of structure, the formula for the residual stress increment during the material state evolution stage is:

[0277] ;

[0278] in, Index to the stages of material state evolution. For the first The structural region is composed of the first The residual stress increment generated during the transition from one material state evolution stage to the next material state evolution stage For the first The structural region in the first Temperature change characteristic quantity of each material state evolution stage For the first The structural region in the first The shrinkage constraint coefficient at each stage of material evolution. For the first The structural region in the first Structural constraint coefficients for each stage of material state evolution. , , , These are the weighting coefficients of the corresponding influencing factors, calibrated based on historical welding data of similar H-beams.

[0279] in, Characterizing the extent to which thermal cycling changes affect the formation of residual stress, Characterizing the degree of shrinkage restriction on the formation of residual stress, Characterizes the degree to which the structural constraint state affects the formation of residual stress. This characterizes the coupling effect produced when the degree of shrinkage restriction and structural constraints work together.

[0280] By updating the residual stress state of each structural region sequentially according to the heating stage, melting stage, solidification stage, cooling stage, and microstructure stabilization stage, the dynamic change process of residual stress in different structural regions during the entire welding thermal cycle is obtained.

[0281] By continuously updating the residual stress increment of each structural region in different material state evolution stages, the correspondence between the material state change and the residual stress formation process during the welding of H-shaped steel beams is established, and a residual stress evolution model is obtained.

[0282] By analyzing the state change process, evolution time, and spatial distribution information of each structural region in the material state evolution results, the influence of material state changes in different regions on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, achieving accurate identification of the welding thermal cycle action region, shrinkage deformation region, and residual stress formation region. Furthermore, by combining the thermal cycle characteristics, shrinkage deformation characteristics, and structural constraints of each structural region, the correspondence between material state changes, plastic deformation processes, and residual stress formation processes is analyzed, achieving a regionalized description of the residual stress formation mechanism during welding. By establishing a residual stress evolution model characterizing the correspondence between the material state evolution process and the residual stress formation process, a dynamic characterization of the formation and variation law of residual stress under welding thermal cycling is achieved, providing a model basis for subsequent welding process parameter optimization and residual stress state control. This improves the accuracy of residual stress analysis and the pertinence of welded structure deformation control, reducing the risk of local stress concentration caused by differences in material state changes and uneven shrinkage constraints.

[0283] Furthermore, based on the residual stress evolution model, the residual stress formation characteristics, material state change characteristics, and structural constraint influence information of each structural region are obtained to determine the adjustment requirements in the residual stress formation process of different regions.

[0284] Based on the material state change process of each structural region recorded in the residual stress evolution model, the temperature change process, material state evolution stage and shrinkage deformation response information of different regions under the action of welding thermal cycle are obtained.

[0285] Based on the residual stress formation characteristics of different regions, the differences in residual stress formation in each region due to differences in thermal effects, material state changes, and structural constraints are analyzed.

[0286] Specifically, for areas with concentrated welding heat input, the influence of the thermal cycling process on the plastic deformation and cooling shrinkage process of the material is analyzed.

[0287] For regions significantly affected by structural constraints, the influence of the degree of shrinkage restriction on the residual stress formation process is analyzed.

[0288] Based on the analysis results, the thermal adjustment requirements and shrinkage deformation coordination requirements of different structural regions during the welding process were determined.

[0289] Based on the residual stress formation characteristics and adjustment requirements of each structural region, the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions and structural constraint state on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, and the corresponding welding process adjustment parameters are determined.

[0290] Specifically, based on the correspondence between each influencing factor and the residual stress formation process in the residual stress evolution model, the influence of changes in different welding process parameters on material state changes and shrinkage deformation process is analyzed.

[0291] Based on the changes in welding heat input, adjust the temperature change process in the welding area so that the heat application range and heat cycle process meet the requirements of material state evolution.

[0292] Based on the changes in the welding path, adjust the order in which different structural areas are affected by heat to reduce the differences in heat effects in local areas;

[0293] Based on the changes in welding speed, adjust the duration of heat source application to match the material state change process with the residual stress evolution model.

[0294] Adjust the cooling process of the welding area according to changes in cooling conditions to coordinate the shrinkage and deformation process of the area.

[0295] Based on the determined welding process adjustment parameters, the thermal cycle process and cooling process during the welding of H-beams are adjusted so that the temperature change process, material state change process and shrinkage deformation process in different structural regions match the optimization trend corresponding to the residual stress evolution model.

[0296] Specifically, during the welding of H-beams, the welding heat input method, heat source movement process, and cooling process are adjusted according to the determined welding process adjustment parameters.

[0297] By adjusting the welding thermal cycle process, the temperature of different structural regions changes according to the corresponding material state evolution process;

[0298] By adjusting the cooling process, the shrinkage deformation process in different regions is coordinated with the structural constraint state, thereby reducing the concentration of residual stress caused by different degrees of local shrinkage restriction.

[0299] During the adjustment process, the residual stress evolution model is used to predict the changes in material state and residual stress formation state after the welding process parameters are adjusted, so as to achieve the matching between welding process parameters and residual stress optimization objectives.

[0300] Collect information on residual stress state, structural deformation response, and material state response of each structural region after welding to obtain the optimized residual stress distribution state.

[0301] Among them, the residual stress distribution state characterizes the formation of residual stress in different structural regions, the influence of welding thermal cycle adjustment on residual stress state, and the coupling relationship between material state changes and structural deformation.

[0302] Furthermore, in a typical embodiment, a Q345 steel H-beam is used as the welding object, wherein the flange width is 200mm, the web height is 400mm, and the flange and web thickness are both 12mm. The connection weld between the flange and the web is completed by gas shielded welding.

[0303] Based on the residual stress evolution model, the thermal cycling process, shrinkage deformation process and residual stress formation process of different structural regions during welding are predicted, and the welding process adjustment strategy is determined based on the prediction results.

[0304] In this embodiment, the effective heat input per unit length of weld is recommended to be controlled within the range of 1.2 kJ / mm to 1.8 kJ / mm.

[0305] When the residual stress evolution model predicts that the heat accumulation in the weld area is too high, the heat-affected zone is too large, or the local plastic deformation is too concentrated, the effective heat input is reduced so that the temperature change process in the weld area tends to the target thermal cycle process.

[0306] Furthermore, the welding speed is adjusted based on the residual stress formation characteristics output by the residual stress evolution model.

[0307] In this embodiment, the initial welding speed is preferably set to 350 mm / min to 450 mm / min.

[0308] Each time the parameters are adjusted, the welding speed is adjusted in increments of 10 mm / min to 20 mm / min. After each section of weld of a preset length is completed, the residual stress formation state of each structural region is recalculated based on the residual stress evolution model.

[0309] For example, when the model predicts that the weld area will enter the cooling stage earlier than the target thermal cycle process, and the residual stress in the corresponding area shows a continuous increasing trend, the welding speed will be reduced by one adjustment step to increase the effective heat input per unit length of weld.

[0310] When the model predicts that local heat accumulation is too high or the heat-affected zone is too wide, the welding speed is increased by one adjustment step to reduce the heat input per unit length of weld.

[0311] Furthermore, the cooling conditions are adjusted based on the shrinkage deformation during the cooling stage predicted by the residual stress evolution model.

[0312] In this embodiment, the cooling methods include natural cooling, forced air cooling, and localized temperature-controlled cooling.

[0313] Natural cooling is the default cooling method used for welding areas where the residual stress formation trend meets the target requirements.

[0314] When the residual stress evolution model predicts that the cooling rate of a certain area is too slow and the heat accumulation is large, forced air cooling is adopted for the corresponding area. By increasing the heat dissipation rate of the area, the heat accumulation effect of subsequent heat input on adjacent areas is reduced.

[0315] When the residual stress evolution model predicts that a certain area is prone to large shrinkage stress due to excessive cooling rate, the forced air cooling measures should be cancelled and natural cooling should be maintained. If necessary, local heat preservation should be used to reduce the temperature drop rate and make the shrinkage deformation process more gradual.

[0316] This embodiment does not use direct water cooling to rapidly cool the weld area, so as to avoid excessive temperature gradient and deterioration of microstructure in the weld area; for thick plates or local areas with large heat accumulation, indirect cooling measures are used to control the temperature change process only when the welding process requirements are met.

[0317] During the welding process, the residual stress formation state of each structural region is calculated in real time according to the residual stress evolution model. When the residual stress in a certain region is predicted to exceed the preset control threshold, the thermal cycle process is changed by adjusting the welding heat input and welding speed.

[0318] If the residual stress is still higher than the target value after adjusting the thermal cycling process, the welding path and local cooling conditions are further adjusted to make the material state change process in different structural regions gradually approach the optimization trend corresponding to the residual stress evolution model.

[0319] After welding is completed, information on residual stress state, structural deformation response, and material state response in each structural region is collected and compared with the prediction results of the residual stress evolution model.

[0320] When the deviation between the predicted result and the measured result meets the preset error range, it is determined that the current welding process adjustment strategy meets the requirements for residual stress optimization, and the optimized residual stress distribution state is obtained.

[0321] By acquiring residual stress formation characteristics, material state change characteristics, and structural constraint influence information for each structural region based on a residual stress evolution model, the differences in residual stress formation and influencing factors in different regions during welding were identified. Furthermore, based on the residual stress formation characteristics and adjustment requirements of each region, the effects of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions, and structural constraint state on the thermal cycling process, material state change process, and shrinkage deformation process were analyzed. Corresponding welding process adjustment parameters were determined, enabling the residual stress optimization process to be adjusted according to the state change characteristics of different regions. By adjusting the thermal cycling process and regional shrinkage behavior based on the welding process adjustment parameters, the temperature changes, material state evolution, and deformation response processes of different structural regions were matched with the residual stress evolution law, achieving optimized control of the residual stress formation process. Simultaneously, by collecting residual stress state, structural deformation response, and material state response information after welding, the residual stress evolution results were analyzed to obtain the optimized residual stress distribution state. This improved the accuracy of residual stress analysis and deformation control of welded H-beams and reduced the risk of local stress concentration and structural deformation caused by uneven thermal cycling and differences in shrinkage constraints.

[0322] Based on the residual stress distribution, the corresponding deformation response is analyzed, and the coupling relationship between residual stress and overall deformation is established. Based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the free shrinkage boundary is dynamically reconstructed and used as the free shrinkage boundary for the next welding stage.

[0323] Specifically, the stress application area, stress magnitude, and spatial distribution characteristics in the residual stress distribution are obtained to determine the residual stress state corresponding to different structural regions of the H-beam.

[0324] Based on the residual stress distribution results, the H-beam is divided into multiple structural regions, and the residual stress information corresponding to each structural region is obtained.

[0325] The residual stress information includes region number, residual stress magnitude, stress direction, stress distribution location, and stress range.

[0326] Based on the residual stress information corresponding to each structural region, the residual stress state of different regions is determined.

[0327] Based on the residual stress state, the displacement changes, angular deformation changes and overall morphological changes generated in each structural region are analyzed to obtain the deformation response characteristics corresponding to the residual stress distribution.

[0328] Based on the area and direction of residual stress, determine the deformation response type corresponding to each area;

[0329] Specifically, when the residual stress is distributed along the length of the structure, the longitudinal shrinkage deformation of the corresponding region is analyzed;

[0330] When the residual stress is distributed along the cross-sectional direction, analyze the transverse and angular deformation of the corresponding region;

[0331] When the residual stress distribution in different structural regions is non-uniform, the overall bending deformation caused by the deformation difference between regions is analyzed.

[0332] Based on the analysis results, obtain the deformation response characteristics corresponding to the residual stress distribution;

[0333] The deformation response characteristics include regional displacement changes, cross-sectional rotation changes, overall deflection changes, and local contraction changes.

[0334] Based on the deformation response characteristics, parameters such as the deformation influence area, deformation direction, and deformation degree of the H-beam under residual stress are extracted.

[0335] Based on the displacement changes in each structural region, the region where significant displacement changes occur is identified as the deformation response region;

[0336] Determine the direction of deformation caused by residual stress based on the direction of displacement change in different regions;

[0337] The deformation degree parameters are determined based on the relationship between the displacement changes in different regions and the overall structural dimensions.

[0338] Among them, the deformation degree parameter characterizes the magnitude of the structural deformation response under residual stress, and is defined by the following formula:

[0339] ;

[0340] in, For the first Deformation parameters of each structural region For the first The amount of displacement change generated in each structural region. For the first The length of each structural region.

[0341] By combining the residual stress state and deformation response characteristics, a stress-deformation coupling relationship is established to characterize the influence of residual stress changes on overall deformation.

[0342] Based on the correspondence between the residual stress distribution area and the deformation response area, a mapping relationship between the regional stress state and the regional deformation response is established.

[0343] The residual stress state of each structural region is used as the input variable, and the deformation response of the corresponding region is used as the output variable.

[0344] Establish the correlation between changes in residual stress and changes in structural deformation.

[0345] By acquiring the stress application area, stress state, and spatial distribution characteristics in the residual stress distribution, accurate characterization of the residual stress state in different structural regions of the H-beam was achieved. Furthermore, based on the residual stress state analysis, displacement changes, angular deformation changes, and overall morphological changes in each structural region were obtained, revealing the structural deformation response characteristics under residual stress. This enabled a correlation description of the influence relationship between residual stress and structural deformation. By extracting the deformation influence area, deformation direction, and deformation degree parameters corresponding to the residual stress, and combining the residual stress state with the deformation response characteristics to establish a stress-deformation coupling relationship, dynamic characterization of the overall deformation evolution process caused by residual stress changes was achieved. This improved the accuracy of the collaborative analysis of residual stress and welding deformation, and enhanced the deformation prediction and control capabilities during the welding process of the H-beam.

[0346] Furthermore, based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the adjustment area of ​​the free shrinkage boundary in the current welding stage is determined;

[0347] Based on the adjustment region of the free shrinkage boundary, the influence of residual stress concentration region and deformation sensitive region on the structural shrinkage behavior is analyzed, and free shrinkage boundary correction control instructions are generated.

[0348] Based on the free contraction boundary correction control command, the contraction range, constraint state and allowable deformation direction of the corresponding structural region are adjusted to form the updated free contraction boundary;

[0349] The updated free shrinkage boundary will be used as the boundary condition for the next stage of material state transition control and residual stress release control.

[0350] By determining the adjustment area of ​​the free shrinkage boundary in the current welding stage based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the correlation analysis of the influence of residual stress state and structural deformation response on shrinkage behavior was realized. Furthermore, the influence of residual stress concentration areas and deformation-sensitive areas on the structural shrinkage process was identified, and free shrinkage boundary correction control commands were generated, enabling dynamic adjustment of free shrinkage conditions according to the actual welding state. By optimizing the shrinkage range, constraint state, and allowable deformation direction of the corresponding structural region based on the correction control commands, an updated free shrinkage boundary was formed and used as the boundary condition for subsequent material state transformation control and residual stress release control. This achieves continuous optimization of the boundary state during the welding process, forming a closed-loop correlation between free shrinkage behavior, material state evolution, and residual stress regulation. This improves the adaptability and stability of the coordinated control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams, and reduces stress concentration and deformation accumulation problems caused by boundary condition mismatch.

[0351] Example 2

[0352] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer program product or computer program is provided, the computer program product or computer program including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and executes the computer instructions, causing the computer device to perform the methods provided in the various alternative implementations described above.

[0353] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device. The computer-readable medium carries one or more programs that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement the residual stress and deformation coupling control method for welded H-beams described in the above embodiments.

[0354] It should be noted that although several modules or units of the device for performing actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0355] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, touch terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0356] Other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the embodiments disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein.

[0357] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: Multi-source data of H-beams are collected and preprocessed to generate a welding foundation state dataset. Based on the welding foundation state dataset, the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beams is constructed. The free shrinkage boundary is updated in combination with the welding process to form a dynamic free shrinkage state. Based on the dynamic free contraction state, the material state change process in each region is analyzed to determine the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in different regions, and a material state evolution sequence is generated. Based on the material state evolution sequence, the corresponding welding process control parameters are adjusted so that the material in each region changes state according to the preset evolution trend, and the material state evolution results are obtained. Based on the material state evolution results, the influence of material state changes in each structural region on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, a residual stress evolution model is established, and a welding process adjustment strategy is determined according to the residual stress evolution model. The welding thermal cycle process and regional shrinkage behavior are adjusted to obtain the residual stress distribution state. Based on the residual stress distribution, the corresponding deformation response is analyzed, and the coupling relationship between residual stress and overall deformation is established. Based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the free shrinkage boundary is dynamically reconstructed and used as the free shrinkage boundary for the next welding stage.

2. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of collecting and preprocessing multi-source data from H-beams to generate a welding foundation status dataset includes the following steps: Collect structural status data, constraint status data, and welding status data of welded H-beams; Preliminary processing was performed on the collected multi-source data to synchronize time and unify spatial coordinates, and the data from different sources were mapped to the corresponding structural areas of the H-beam. Based on the pre-processed multi-source data, parameter information characterizing the spatial structural features, external constraint features, and welding evolution features of H-beams is extracted to generate a basic feature parameter set; The basic feature parameter set is integrated according to the welding stage to generate a basic welding state dataset.

3. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beam is constructed based on the welding basic state dataset, including the following steps: Based on the welding basic state dataset, the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region are determined. Based on the spatial location, constraint location, and weld coverage of each structural region, identify constrained and shrinkable regions, and mark the directions in which shrinkage is allowed and restricted for each region; According to the allowable shrinkage direction and the restricted direction of each region, the H-beam is divided into free shrinkage zones to determine the shrinkage range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone; Based on the shrinkable range and constraint degree of each free shrinkage zone, the shrinkage limit boundary between different free shrinkage zones is determined and combined to form the initial free shrinkage boundary of the H-beam.

4. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of updating the free shrinkage boundary in conjunction with the welding process to form a dynamic free shrinkage state includes the following steps: Acquire welding progress information during the welding process, including the current welding stage, welding position, welding completed area, and area to be welded; Based on the structural changes corresponding to the welding process, identify the constraint effect of the completed welding area on the local shrinkage behavior of the H-beam, and determine the area of ​​change of the free shrinkage boundary; Based on the free shrinkage boundary change region, adjust the shrinkage direction, shrinkage range and constraint boundary of the corresponding structural region, and update the free shrinkage boundary during the welding process; The updated free shrinkage boundary is dynamically recorded according to the welding stage, forming a dynamic free shrinkage state that changes with the welding process.

5. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of analyzing the material state changes in each region based on the dynamic free contraction state, determining the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in different regions, and generating a material state evolution sequence includes the following steps: Based on the dynamic free contraction state, the contraction state change characteristics of each structural region are obtained. Combined with the heat treatment area, heat treatment time and structural constraint conditions during the welding process, the material state change process of each region is determined. Based on the material state change process of each structural region, identify the material state evolution stage of different regions under the action of welding thermal cycle; The material state evolution stages include one or more of the following: heating stage, melting stage, solidification stage, cooling stage, and structural stabilization stage; Based on the material state evolution stages of each region, the correlation of state evolution between different structural regions due to welding heat transfer, structural connection relationship and shrinkage constraint is analyzed to determine the temporal and spatial correlation between the material state change processes of each region. Based on the material state evolution stages and evolutionary relationships in each region, the material state evolution process of different structural regions is described in relation to each other, generating a material state evolution sequence that characterizes the material state change law in each region during the welding process of H-beams.

6. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the corresponding welding process control parameters based on the material state evolution sequence to cause the material in each region to change state according to a preset evolution trend and obtain the material state evolution result includes the following steps: Based on the material state evolution sequence, the material state evolution stage, evolution correlation and corresponding welding process influencing factors of each structural region are obtained, and the adjustment requirements of the material state evolution process in different regions are determined. Based on the material state evolution stage and adjustment requirements of each structural region, the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions and structural constraint state on the material state change process is analyzed, and the corresponding welding process control parameters are determined. Based on the determined welding process control parameters, the thermal action process and cooling process during the welding of H-beams are adjusted so that the material state change process of each structural region matches the preset evolution trend corresponding to the material state evolution sequence. Information on temperature response, shrinkage response, microstructure change response, and structural deformation response of each structural region during the welding process is collected to obtain the material state evolution results of each region.

7. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the material state evolution results, the influence of material state changes in each structural region on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, and a residual stress evolution model is established, including the following steps: Based on the material state change process, state evolution stage, and thermal effect change information of each structural region in the material state evolution results, the thermal cycling process in different regions during the welding process is determined. Based on the thermal cycling process of each structural region, combined with the material state change stage, structural constraints and shrinkage deformation characteristics, the influence of material state change in different regions on the plastic deformation generation process and the residual stress formation process is analyzed. Based on the thermal cycling process, plastic deformation characteristics, and shrinkage constraints of each structural region, the influencing factors in the formation of residual stress in different regions are determined. Based on the influencing factors in the formation of residual stress in different regions, a residual stress evolution model is established to characterize the relationship between material state changes and residual stress formation during the welding process of H-beams.

8. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of determining the welding process adjustment strategy based on the residual stress evolution model, adjusting the welding thermal cycle process and regional shrinkage behavior, and obtaining the residual stress distribution state includes the following steps: Based on the residual stress evolution model, the residual stress formation characteristics, material state change characteristics, and structural constraint influence information of each structural region are obtained to determine the adjustment requirements in the residual stress formation process of different regions. Based on the residual stress formation characteristics and adjustment requirements of each structural region, the influence of welding heat input, welding path, welding speed, cooling conditions and structural constraint state on the residual stress formation process is analyzed, and the corresponding welding process adjustment parameters are determined. Based on the determined welding process adjustment parameters, the thermal cycle process and cooling process during the welding of H-beams are adjusted so that the temperature change process, material state change process and shrinkage deformation process in different structural regions match the optimization trend corresponding to the residual stress evolution model. After welding, information on residual stress state, structural deformation response, and material state response of each structural region is collected to obtain the optimized residual stress distribution state.

9. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of analyzing the corresponding deformation response based on the residual stress distribution and establishing the coupling relationship between residual stress and overall deformation includes the following steps: To obtain the stress application area, stress magnitude and spatial distribution characteristics in the residual stress distribution, and to determine the residual stress state corresponding to different structural regions of the H-beam; Based on the residual stress state, the displacement changes, angular deformation changes and overall morphological changes generated in each structural region are analyzed to obtain the deformation response characteristics corresponding to the residual stress distribution. Based on the deformation response characteristics, parameters such as the deformation influence area, deformation direction, and deformation degree of the H-beam under residual stress are extracted. By combining the residual stress state and deformation response characteristics, a stress-deformation coupling relationship is established to characterize the influence of residual stress changes on overall deformation.

10. The method for coupled control of residual stress and deformation in welded H-beams according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method of dynamically reconstructing the free shrinkage boundary based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship and using it as the free shrinkage boundary for the next welding stage includes the following steps: Based on the stress-deformation coupling relationship, the adjustment area of ​​the free shrinkage boundary in the current welding stage is determined; Based on the adjustment region of the free shrinkage boundary, the influence of residual stress concentration region and deformation sensitive region on the structural shrinkage behavior is analyzed, and free shrinkage boundary correction control instructions are generated. Based on the free contraction boundary correction control command, the contraction range, constraint state and allowable deformation direction of the corresponding structural region are adjusted to form the updated free contraction boundary; The updated free shrinkage boundary will be used as the boundary condition for the next stage of material state transition control and residual stress release control.

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