An electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method, system and device for an inductive power supply magnetic core

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power transmission line online energy extraction and structure design, and provides an electromagnetic-mechanical collaborative design method, system and device for an inductive energy extraction magnetic core, which comprises the following steps: acquiring power transmission line parameters; mapping the secondary side turn number into a response variable determined by magnetic core geometric parameters and material parameters based on excitation compensation conditions; based on an inductive energy extraction magnetic core electromagnetic model and a power transmission line additional sag model, taking single-module magnetic core structure parameters, module quantity and mounting coordinates of each module as joint design variables to jointly solve and obtain a candidate design scheme, wherein the constraint conditions include an allowed additional sag increment; selecting a target design scheme meeting target total output power and the allowed additional sag increment and outputting magnetic core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters. The application realizes collaborative optimization of electromagnetic design and mechanical safety, effectively reduces the line additional sag and improves engineering feasibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of online energy harvesting and structural design technology for transmission lines, specifically to an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method, system, and device for induction energy harvesting magnetic cores. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of online monitoring of transmission lines, inductive power harvesting devices utilize the alternating magnetic field generated by the line current to power the monitoring terminal. Existing inductive power harvesting core designs typically employ a sequential process: first, the electromagnetic design of the core structure and winding parameters is completed based on the target power; then, during equipment installation, the line sag caused by the additional load is checked. This "design first, check later" approach has significant drawbacks: firstly, when the target power is large, it is often achieved by increasing the size of the individual core, resulting in the device being mounted as a concentrated load at a single point on the line, which easily leads to excessive additional sag at the center of the span, affecting the line's safe distance to ground and operational reliability; secondly, in existing designs, the number of secondary turns is often used as an independent free variable in optimization, easily resulting in schemes that meet numerical targets but not physical constraints such as excitation reactance or parallel compensation, leading to poor manufacturability.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a design scheme that can simultaneously consider the mechanical safety and electromagnetic performance matching of the circuit during the design phase. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of excessive additional sag and poor engineering feasibility of existing technologies due to the separation of electromagnetic design and line mechanical strength of inductive energy harvesting devices, this application proposes an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method, system, and device for inductive energy harvesting magnetic cores. This method enables the simultaneous introduction of additional sag constraints of transmission lines during the magnetic core design process, and maps the number of secondary-side turns into a response variable controlled by physical constraints, thereby obtaining an optimized design scheme that balances energy harvesting power and line mechanical safety.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This application provides an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method for induction-harvesting magnetic cores, comprising: acquiring transmission line parameters, including line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power; mapping the number of secondary-side turns to a response variable determined by the magnetic core geometric parameters and magnetic core material parameters based on excitation compensation conditions; jointly solving for candidate design schemes based on the electromagnetic model of the induction-harvesting magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line, using the structural parameters of a single-module magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line as joint design variables; wherein the constraint conditions of the joint solution include the allowable additional sag increment; selecting a target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that satisfies the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment, and outputting the magnetic core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters corresponding to the target design scheme.

[0007] As one implementation, the joint design variables include the inner radius of the magnetic core, the outer radius of the magnetic core, the height of the magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the span direction of the transmission line; the constraint conditions also include: the additional sag at the center of the span or the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment.

[0008] As one implementation method, the additional sag model of the transmission line uses the method of superimposing concentrated load influence lines to calculate the contribution of multiple induction energy harvesting magnetic core modules to the vertical displacement at any position within the span, and uses the maximum additional displacement within the span as the maximum additional sag.

[0009] When the A single induction-powered magnetic core module is mounted as a centralized load on the coordinates of the transmission line. At any position within the span Additional vertical displacement satisfy:

[0010] when hour, ;

[0011] when hour, ;

[0012] Total additional vertical displacement when multiple modules act as distributed additional loads satisfy:

[0013] ;

[0014] in, For the first Additional load of each module The horizontal tension of the transmission line. The span of the transmission line. The number of modules.

[0015] As one implementation, mapping the number of secondary-side turns to a response variable determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters based on the excitation compensation conditions includes: based on the target excitation reactance requirement, or based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, making the number of secondary-side turns determined by the core geometric parameters and the core material parameters.

[0016] As one implementation, the number of secondary-side turns, based on the target excitation reactance requirement. satisfy:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, For the target excitation reactance, The average magnetic path length, The angular frequency of the line current. The permeability of free space, For effective permeability, For effective cross-sectional area, Integerization is indicated; when based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, the number of secondary-side turns... satisfy:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, This refers to the parallel compensation capacitor.

[0021] As one implementation, the objectives of the joint solution include maximizing total output power, maximizing total power-to-mass ratio, and minimizing maximum additional sag; or, the objectives of the joint solution include minimizing total mass while ensuring that the total output power is not lower than the target total output power and the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment.

[0022] In one implementation, the mounting coordinates are constrained by the minimum spacing between modules, the clearance zone for line fittings, the safety zone at the end of the span, and the installation work space.

[0023] As one implementation method, the candidate design scheme is obtained through enumeration search, constraint planning, heuristic optimization or multi-objective evolutionary algorithm; the step of selecting the target design scheme that satisfies the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment from the candidate design schemes includes: comparing the sag of the centralized single-module mounting scheme and the distributed multi-module mounting scheme under the same total mass or the same total power conditions, and selecting the target design scheme based on the comparison results.

[0024] Furthermore, this application also provides an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design system for induction-harvesting magnetic cores, comprising: a parameter acquisition module for acquiring transmission line parameters, including line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power; a turns mapping module for mapping the number of secondary-side turns to response variables determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters based on excitation compensation conditions; a joint solution module for jointly solving for candidate design schemes based on the electromagnetic model of the induction-harvesting magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line, using the single-module core structure parameters, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line as joint design variables; wherein the constraint conditions of the joint solution include the allowable additional sag increment; and a scheme output module for selecting a target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that satisfies the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment, and outputting the core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters corresponding to the target design scheme.

[0025] Furthermore, this application also provides a modular inductive energy harvesting device, including multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules distributed and installed along the span direction of a transmission line, a power supply unit, and an installation and fixing unit; each inductive energy harvesting magnetic core module includes a magnetic core that can be surrounded on the outside of the transmission conductor, a secondary winding wound on the magnetic core, and a rectifier or compensation circuit connected to the secondary winding; the mounting coordinates of the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules are determined according to the additional sag constraint of the transmission line, so that the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules form a distributed additional load; the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules jointly supply power to the load or energy storage unit, and the inner radius, outer radius, height of each inductive energy harvesting magnetic core module and the number of turns of the secondary winding satisfy the physical constraint relationship determined by the target excitation reactance or parallel compensation condition; while satisfying the target total output power, the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules ensure that the additional sag at the center of the span of the transmission line or the maximum additional sag does not exceed a preset allowable value.

[0026] Beneficial effects:

[0027] The technical solution provided in this application breaks away from the traditional sequential model of "electromagnetic design first, mechanical verification later" by directly incorporating the additional sag increment of the transmission line into the design process of the induction energy harvesting magnetic core as a constraint condition for joint solution. This electromagnetic-mechanical co-design mechanism enables the structural parameters, number of modules, and mounting coordinates of the single-module magnetic core to actively adapt to the mechanical safety requirements of the line while meeting the energy harvesting power requirements, avoiding the problem of excessive sag caused by excessive concentrated loads, and improving the operational safety of the device.

[0028] This application transforms the number of secondary turns from an independent free optimization variable into a response variable determined by excitation compensation conditions and core geometric parameters. This ensures that the designed core parameters naturally meet the physical matching requirements of excitation reactance or parallel compensation, eliminates the deviation between the theoretical optimal solution and the engineering feasible solution, and significantly improves the feasibility of core manufacturing and the stability of electrical performance.

[0029] This application, by jointly optimizing the number of modules and mounting coordinates, utilizes distributed loads to replace traditional single-point concentrated loads, effectively reducing the additional sag at the span center and the maximum additional sag under the same total energy extraction power. Simultaneously, the output distributed mounting parameters can directly guide on-site installation, balancing line safety distance margin with the convenience of installation operations. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method for inductive energy harvesting magnetic cores according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric parameters of a single-module induction energy harvesting magnetic core according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent electromagnetic model of the induction energy harvesting magnetic core according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the automatic mapping calculation of the number of secondary side turns according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the additional sag influence line of a transmission line under a single concentrated load according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-module distributed load with additional sag superposition model according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a comparison curve of centralized and distributed mounting sag in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the modular inductive energy harvesting magnetic core collaborative design system architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed mounting structure of the modular inductive energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method for induction-harvesting magnetic cores. This method breaks the traditional serial mode of electromagnetic design first and mechanical verification later, and achieves the coordinated matching of electromagnetic performance and circuit mechanical safety in the design stage.

[0043] Specifically, the execution flow of this method includes the following steps.

[0044] Step S100: Obtain transmission line parameters, including line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power.

[0045] The line mechanical parameters can include basic data such as span length, horizontal tension, and equivalent vertical load per unit length. These data are usually derived from line design documents or field measurement records. The allowable additional sag increment is a key limit for ensuring the line-to-ground safety distance and phase-to-phase insulation margin. In this embodiment, it is used as a design input rather than a post-verification indicator, thus mitigating the risk of excessive sag due to overweight equipment at the source. The line current range determines the energy source boundary for inductive energy harvesting, while the target total output power is the minimum requirement to meet the power supply needs of the downstream monitoring equipment. By comprehensively acquiring the above parameters, clear physical boundaries and demand orientations are provided for subsequent collaborative optimization.

[0046] Step S200: Based on the excitation compensation condition, the number of secondary side turns is mapped to a response variable determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters.

[0047] In traditional magnetic core optimization design, the number of secondary-side turns is often treated as an independent free variable in the optimization process. This can easily lead to the calculated optimal number of turns failing to meet electrical and physical constraints such as excitation reactance matching or parallel compensation resonance in actual engineering, resulting in a design scheme that is either unmanufacturable or unstable in operation. This embodiment defines the number of secondary-side turns as a response variable, making its value entirely determined by the core's geometric dimensions (such as inner and outer radii and height), material properties (such as effective permeability), and preset excitation compensation conditions. This dimension reduction mapping mechanism ensures that each generated core geometry naturally corresponds to an electrically feasible turn configuration, eliminating the deviation between the theoretical optimal solution and the engineering feasible solution, significantly improving the manufacturing feasibility and electrical stability of the design scheme. It should be understood that the specific mapping calculation formula and integer processing logic will be detailed in subsequent embodiments; this step focuses on establishing the design principle that the number of turns is controlled by physical constraints.

[0048] In practical implementation, the geometric parameters of a single induction-driven energy harvesting core module can be described by the following relationship. The radial thickness of the core satisfies the following relationship:

[0049] ;

[0050] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the radial thickness of the induction harvesting magnetic core. Where: The radial thickness of the magnetic core. The outer radius of the magnetic core. denoted as the inner radius of the magnetic core.

[0051] The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core satisfies the following relationship:

[0052] ;

[0053] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the effective cross-sectional area of ​​an induction-harvesting magnetic core. Where: For effective cross-sectional area, The axial height of the magnetic core. The outer radius of the magnetic core. denoted as the inner radius of the magnetic core.

[0054] The average radius of the magnetic core satisfies the following relationship:

[0055] ;

[0056] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the average radius of a toroidal magnetic core. Where: The average radius, The inner radius of the magnetic core. denoted as the outer radius of the magnetic core.

[0057] The average magnetic circuit length satisfies the following relationship:

[0058] ;

[0059] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the average magnetic path length of a toroidal magnetic core. Where: The average magnetic path length, denoted as the average radius of the magnetic core.

[0060] The volume of the magnetic core satisfies the following relationship:

[0061] ;

[0062] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the volume of a toroidal magnetic core. Where: For the core volume, Let be the average radius of the magnetic core. This represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core.

[0063] The core mass satisfies the following relationship:

[0064] ;

[0065] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the total mass of a single induction harvesting magnetic core module. Where: This represents the total mass of the magnetic core. Density of the magnetic core material For the core volume, For the secondary winding quality, For the quality of the housing, insulation and fasteners.

[0066] In the electromagnetic model of the induction-harvesting magnetic core, the core excitation inductance satisfies the following relationship:

[0067] ;

[0068] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the magnetizing inductance of an induction-harvesting magnetic core. Where: For magnetizing inductance, The permeability of free space, For effective permeability, For the number of secondary side turns, For effective cross-sectional area, This represents the average magnetic path length.

[0069] The induced voltage on the secondary side satisfies the following relationship:

[0070] ;

[0071] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the induced voltage on the secondary side of the induction harvesting core. Where: This is the induced voltage on the secondary side. These are correction factors related to core opening, leakage flux, winding arrangement, and coupling coefficient. The angular frequency of the line current. For the number of secondary side turns, This represents the magnetic flux amplitude.

[0072] ;

[0073] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the magnetic flux amplitude in a magnetic core. Where: The magnitude of the magnetic flux. The magnitude of the magnetic flux density. This represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core.

[0074] Based on the equivalent circuit, the secondary load, rectifier circuit, compensation capacitor, and excitation branch are converted into equivalent impedance Z_eq. The output power of a single module satisfies the following relationship:

[0075] ;

[0076] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the output power of a single-module induction harvesting magnetic core. Where: For single-module output power, For rectification and power management efficiency, This is the induced voltage on the secondary side. This is the equivalent impedance after conversion. Let be the winding internal resistance, leakage reactance, and equivalent impedance of the compensation branch. The total output power satisfies the following relationship:

[0077] ;

[0078] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the total output power of an induction-powered energy harvesting system. Where: This represents the total output power of the system. For the first The output power of a single induction-powered magnetic core module.

[0079] The power quality ratio of a single module and the power quality ratio of the system satisfy the following relationships:

[0080] ;

[0081] ;

[0082] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the power-to-mass ratio of a single-module induction harvesting magnetic core. Where: The power-to-weight ratio of a single module. For single-module output power, The total mass of a single module. The system power-to-quality ratio, This represents the total mass of all induction-harvesting magnetic core modules.

[0083] The magnetic saturation constraint check satisfies the following relationship:

[0084] ;

[0085] Formula Description: This formula is used for magnetic saturation constraint verification to ensure that the magnetic core does not enter a saturation state under maximum line current or abnormal operating conditions. Where: The magnetic flux density amplitude is a function of the inner radius, outer radius, height, number of secondary turns, and line current of the magnetic core. This refers to the safety margin factor. This represents the saturation magnetic flux density of the core material. This constraint prevents the core from entering saturation under maximum line current or abnormal operating conditions, ensuring stable energy output and compensation.

[0086] Step S300: Based on the electromagnetic model of the induction energy harvesting magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line, the structural parameters of the single-module magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line are used as joint design variables to perform joint solution to obtain candidate design schemes; wherein, the constraint conditions of joint solution include allowing additional sag increment.

[0087] This is the core element of achieving electromagnetic-mechanical synergy in this embodiment. The joint design variables encompass core structural parameters describing individual unit performance (such as inner radius, outer radius, and height), the number of modules describing system scale, and the mounting coordinates of each module describing spatial distribution. Unlike existing technologies, the joint solution in this step does not only optimize electromagnetic parameters but also directly embeds the allowable additional sag increment as a hard constraint into the optimization algorithm. This means that during the search for candidate design schemes, any parameter combination that causes the line's additional sag to exceed the allowable value will be eliminated or penalized in real time, rather than waiting until the electromagnetic design is completed to verify mechanical safety. This synchronous constraint mechanism allows the core's structural dimensions, the number of system modules, and the installation location to be coupled and dynamically adjusted within the same optimization framework, thereby actively seeking a distributed layout scheme with the least impact on line mechanics while ensuring energy harvesting power.

[0088] Step S400: Select the target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that meets the target total output power and allows additional sag increment, and output the core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters corresponding to the target design scheme.

[0089] The candidate design scheme set obtained through joint solution includes multiple feasible solutions that simultaneously meet electrical performance and mechanical safety requirements. This step, based on actual engineering preferences such as minimizing total mass, maximizing power-to-weight ratio, or optimizing installation convenience, selects the final target design scheme. The output core manufacturing parameters directly guide core mold development, winding fabrication, and compensation circuit configuration; the output distributed mounting parameters specify the exact installation coordinates and spacing of each module along the transmission line span, which can be directly used for on-site construction and installation. This integrated output format connects the entire chain from theoretical design to product manufacturing and engineering application, avoiding the problem of disconnect between design and installation parameters.

[0090] Through the execution of steps S100 to S400 above, the method provided in this embodiment achieves a deep integration of inductive energy harvesting core design and transmission line mechanical safety. Compared with the traditional serial design process, this method not only solves the technical problem of excessive sag caused by high-power energy harvesting devices, but also improves the engineering feasibility of the solution by varying the number of turns response, providing a system-level solution for reliable power supply and safe operation of online monitoring equipment for transmission lines.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] In some embodiments, the joint design variables include the inner radius of the magnetic core, the outer radius of the magnetic core, the height of the magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the span direction of the transmission line. Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the inner radius *ri*, outer radius *ro*, and height *h* of the magnetic core constitute the core parameter set describing the geometry of a single induction energy harvesting core module. These three parameters directly determine the effective cross-sectional area, average magnetic path length, and volumetric mass of the core, thus affecting the device's output power, magnetic saturation characteristics, and self-weight load. The number of modules *N* characterizes the degree of discretization of the energy harvesting system and is a key topological variable balancing the weight of a single module and the total power of the system. The mounting coordinates *x1* to *xN* of each module along the span of the transmission line define the spatial distribution of the load. These five types of parameters are incorporated into a single set of joint design variables:

[0093] This means that during the optimization process, the algorithm no longer adjusts the core size or installation position in isolation, but can simultaneously explore the coupling relationship between "changing the core size to reduce the weight of the unit" and "adjusting the module spacing to optimize the load distribution", thus providing a mathematical basis for achieving deep synergy between electromagnetic performance and mechanical safety.

[0094] Furthermore, the constraints also include: the additional sag at the center of the span or the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment. This constraint directly embeds the mechanical safety boundary of the transmission line into the design optimization space. The allowable additional sag increment is a pre-set limit based on the line-to-ground safety distance, phase-to-phase insulation margin, and the mechanical strength of the fittings. The additional sag at the center of the span is chosen as the evaluation indicator because, for horizontally suspended transmission conductors, the center of the span is usually the location with the maximum sag and the minimum distance to ground, and is also the most sensitive monitoring point for safety margin. However, when multiple induction energy harvesting core modules are arranged asymmetrically or deviated from the center due to fitting clearance zones, the maximum additional displacement point within the entire span may shift. Therefore, this embodiment also introduces the maximum additional sag as a supplementary constraint to ensure that vertical deformation at any position within the entire span is in a safe and controllable state, preventing unexpected safety hazards caused by localized load concentration.

[0095] To accurately quantify the aforementioned mechanical constraints, the additional sag model of the transmission line employs a concentrated load influence line superposition method to calculate the contribution of multiple induction harvesting core modules to the vertical displacement at any position within the span, using the maximum additional displacement within the span as the maximum additional sag. This modeling method is based on the small deflection theory in mechanics of materials, treating each induction harvesting core module as a concentrated load acting on the conductor, and using the influence line principle to decompose the complex multi-point load problem into a linear superposition of single-point load responses. This method ensures the accuracy required for engineering calculations while avoiding the huge computational overhead of finite element simulation, making it particularly suitable for use during the design phase when performing thousands of iterations for optimization.

[0096] For the small sag approximation, the equivalent vertical load per unit length of the transmission line is... The base sag under the action satisfies the following relationship:

[0097] ;

[0098] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the foundation sag of a transmission line under an equivalent vertical load per unit length. Where: Based on the sag, The equivalent vertical load per unit length is the self-weight and the icing wind load. For the span of the transmission line, For the horizontal tension of the transmission line.

[0099] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the i-th induction-harvesting magnetic core module is mounted as a concentrated load at coordinate xi on the transmission line, the additional vertical displacement Δyi(x) generated at any position x within the span satisfies a piecewise function relationship. When the calculation position is located to the left of the load, i.e.:

[0100] ;

[0101] Formula description: The formula is used to calculate the first... A single induction-powered magnetic core module is mounted as a centralized load on the transmission line coordinate system. At any position within the span (and satisfy) The additional vertical displacement generated by ). Where: For the first Additional vertical displacement caused by each module For the first Additional load of each module For the horizontal tension of the transmission line, To calculate the x-coordinate of the position, For the span of the transmission line, For the first Mounting coordinates of each module.

[0102] ;

[0103] Formula description: The formula is used to calculate the first... A single induction-powered magnetic core module is mounted as a centralized load on the transmission line coordinate system. At any position within the span (and satisfy) The additional vertical displacement generated by this is given. The parameters in the formula have the same meaning as above.

[0104] Based on this, such as Figure 6 As shown, the total additional vertical displacement Δy(x) when multiple modules act as distributed additional loads satisfies the superposition formula: Δy(x) = ∑Δyi(x), with the summation range from i = 1 to N. By traversing all modules and algebraically summing their displacement components at position x, the additional sag distribution curve of the entire conductor under the current design scheme can be obtained. Furthermore, by searching for the extreme value of Δy(x) in the entire span interval [0, L], the maximum additional sag Δfmax used for constraint judgment can be obtained. The above relationship can be expressed as:

[0105] ;

[0106] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the total additional vertical displacement distribution of a transmission line when multiple induction-harvested magnetic core modules are used as distributed additional loads. Where: This refers to the total additional vertical displacement caused by the combined action of all modules. For the number of modules, For the first Each module is located in The additional vertical displacement generated at that location.

[0107] ;

[0108] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the maximum additional sag of a transmission line across its entire span. Where: For the maximum additional sag, The total additional vertical displacement distribution, This refers to the span of the transmission line.

[0109] ;

[0110] Formula Description: This formula is used to calculate the additional sag at the center of the span of a transmission line. Where: Add a sag to the center of the gap. This represents the value of the total additional vertical displacement at the center of the span.

[0111] In the above formulas, each parameter has a clear physical meaning and participates in the joint calculation. Gi is the additional load of the i-th module, the value of which is determined by the inner radius ri, outer radius ro, height h, and material density of the magnetic core, reflecting the direct input of electromagnetic structure parameters to the mechanical model; H is the horizontal tension of the transmission line, reflecting the current mechanical state of the line, and is usually used as a known environmental parameter input; L is the span of the transmission line, defining the geometric boundary of the mechanical model; xi is the mounting coordinate of the i-th module, which is a free variable that actively adjusts the load distribution to control the sag shape in the joint solution; N is the number of modules, which determines the number of superposition terms.

[0112] Through the aforementioned mathematical expression, this embodiment transforms the abstract concept of "line safety" into a set of differentiable and computable analytical constraints. Compared to traditional lookup table methods or simplified estimation methods, the sag model based on superimposed influence lines can keenly capture the gradient of the impact of module position adjustments on the overall sag, enabling the optimization algorithm to accurately find optimal solutions that both meet the power extraction requirements and minimize the mechanical impact of the line through clever spatial layout. This quantified description of mechanical boundaries is a key guarantee to prevent the design scheme from becoming a purely theoretical numerical game and to ensure its engineering practical value.

[0113] Example 3

[0114] In some embodiments, based on excitation compensation conditions, the number of secondary-side turns is mapped to a response variable determined by the core geometry and core material parameters. Specifically, in the design process of an induction-harvesting core, the number of secondary-side turns is not an arbitrarily selectable independent free variable, but is strictly constrained by the core's electromagnetic characteristics and external circuit matching conditions. If the number of turns is used as an independent variable in the optimization search, it is easy to obtain a scheme that is theoretically optimal in power but cannot actually match the excitation inductor or compensation capacitor, resulting in a lack of engineering manufacturability in the design results. This embodiment establishes an explicit functional relationship between the number of turns and the core geometry and material properties, making it a response variable determined by physical constraints, thereby ensuring that each generated core structure scheme naturally corresponds to an electrically feasible winding configuration.

[0115] Furthermore, the above mapping process includes determining the number of turns on the secondary side based on the target excitation reactance requirements, or based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, using the core geometry and core material parameters. This provides two parallel paths for determining the number of turns to accommodate different circuit topology requirements. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in the equivalent circuit of the inductive energy harvesting device, the inductive reactance of the excitation branch is proportional to the square of the number of turns on the secondary side. When the system has a clear limitation on the excitation current or requires specific excitation characteristics, the target excitation reactance path can be used; when the system uses parallel capacitors for reactive power compensation to improve energy harvesting efficiency, resonance or specific impedance matching conditions must be met, and in this case, the parallel compensation capacitor path should be used. Regardless of the path used, the number of turns is uniquely determined by the geometric and material parameters of the magnetic core, such as the average magnetic path length, effective cross-sectional area, and effective permeability, eliminating the blindness of manually setting the number of turns.

[0116] As a specific implementation method, when based on the target excitation reactance requirement, the excitation reactance satisfies the following relationship:

[0117] ;

[0118] Formula Description: This formula expresses the relationship between the magnetizing reactance, core geometric parameters, and the number of turns on the secondary side. Where: For the magnetizing reactance, The angular frequency of the line current. For magnetic core excitation inductors, The permeability of free space, For effective permeability, For the number of secondary side turns, For effective cross-sectional area, This represents the average magnetic path length.

[0119] Let the target excitation reactance be Xm*. From the above formula, the number of secondary turns N2 can be calculated as follows:

[0120] ;

[0121] Where Xm* represents the target magnetizing reactance, the value of which is preset based on the line current range and the desired magnetizing current level; lm is the average magnetic path length, determined by the inner and outer radii of the core; ω is the angular frequency of the line current; μ0 is the free permeability; μe is the effective permeability of the core material; and Ac is the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the core, determined by the core height and radial thickness. This formula reveals the quantitative coupling relationship between the number of turns and the core geometry under a given magnetizing reactance target: the longer the magnetic path or the smaller the cross-sectional area, the more turns are required to maintain the same magnetizing reactance. This quantitative relationship allows the optimization algorithm to automatically and synchronously adjust the number of turns to maintain stable electrical performance when adjusting the core dimensions to improve mechanical performance.

[0122] As another alternative implementation, when based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, the excitation branch satisfies the following condition:

[0123] ;

[0124] Formula Description: This formula is used to determine the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch. Where: The angular frequency of the line current. For magnetic core excitation inductors, For parallel compensation capacitors.

[0125] From the above formula, the number of secondary side turns N2 can be obtained by the following calculation formula:

[0126] ;

[0127] This formula originates from the impedance matching condition under parallel resonance or a specific compensation degree, where the excitation inductive reactance and the compensation capacitive reactance satisfy a specific proportional relationship. Under this path, the number of turns is not only affected by the core parameters but also closely related to the selected compensation capacitor value. This means that during the design phase, the selection of the compensation capacitor can be incorporated into the core structure design within the same collaborative framework, avoiding matching deviations caused by determining the core first and then selecting the capacitor.

[0128] In the two formulas above, the symbol [] indicates integerization. This is a key engineering feature that distinguishes this embodiment from purely theoretical calculations. Since the number of turns in actual winding manufacturing must be an integer, while the theoretical value calculated directly from the formula is usually a decimal. Simple rounding may cause the actual excitation reactance or compensation state to deviate from the design target. Therefore, this embodiment includes a winding verification step after integerization. Figure 4As shown, after obtaining the integerized N2, the system automatically verifies whether the winding corresponding to this number of turns can be accommodated within the core window space, and calculates whether the current density, temperature rise, and insulation distance meet safety standards. If the verification fails, it is fed back to the joint solution module to search for core geometric parameters again. This closed-loop mechanism of "mapping-integerization-verification" ensures that the final output number of turns not only meets the constraints mathematically, but is also physically manufacturable and operable, thereby significantly improving the engineering practical value of the design scheme.

[0129] Example 4

[0130] In some embodiments, the joint solution objectives include maximizing total output power, maximizing total power-to-mass ratio, and minimizing maximum additional sag; or, the joint solution objectives include minimizing total mass while ensuring that the total output power is not lower than the target total output power and the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment. Specifically, the setting of this objective function reflects a multi-dimensional trade-off mechanism between electromagnetic performance and mechanical safety. In the design of inductive energy harvesting devices, simply pursuing the maximum total output power often tends to increase the core volume and mass, which directly exacerbates the mechanical burden on the circuit; while simply pursuing the minimum maximum additional sag may result in an excessively small core size, failing to meet basic energy harvesting requirements. Therefore, this embodiment provides two parallel optimization strategies to adapt to different engineering scenarios. The first strategy is suitable for scenarios with extreme requirements for energy harvesting efficiency and relatively sufficient mechanical margin of the circuit. It seeks a balance solution among the three conflicting objectives of power, mass, and sag through weighted or Pareto front search. The second strategy, the constraint-first strategy, is more in line with the actual operation and maintenance requirements of most transmission lines. It uses meeting the target total output power and allowing for additional sag increments as inviolable rigid thresholds, and further pursues minimizing the total system mass within this feasible region. This strategy ensures that the design scheme is first and foremost safe and usable, and only secondarily economical, fundamentally avoiding the risk of sacrificing mechanical safety due to over-optimization of a single electromagnetic parameter in traditional designs.

[0131] The mathematical model for the joint solution described above can be expressed as follows: The joint design variable set is:

[0132] ;

[0133] Formula Description: This formula represents the set of joint design variables, including the structural parameters of a single module core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line. Where: The inner radius of the magnetic core. The outer radius of the magnetic core. For the core height, For the number of modules, The mounting coordinates of each module are along the span direction of the transmission line.

[0134] The constraints satisfy the following relationship:

[0135] ;

[0136] Formula Description: This formula is used to represent the rigid constraint conditions for joint solution. Where: This represents the total output power of the system. The lower limit of the target total output power. For the maximum additional sag, To allow for an additional upper limit on sag increments.

[0137] Under the constraints described above, the further optimization objective is to maximize the system power-to-mass ratio or minimize the total system mass:

[0138] ;

[0139] Formula Description: This formula represents the optimization objective function for the joint solution. The former maximizes the system power-to-mass ratio, while the latter minimizes the total system mass. Where: This represents the total output power of the system. This represents the total mass of all induction-harvesting magnetic core modules.

[0140] Furthermore, the mounting coordinates are constrained by the minimum module spacing, the line hardware avoidance zone, the span end safety zone, and the installation work space. These constraints strictly limit the abstract mathematical optimization space within the physical boundaries that are feasible in the project. The minimum module spacing is set to avoid mutual inductive coupling between adjacent core modules, which would affect their respective excitation characteristics and output stability. It also ensures sufficient operating space for the mounting clamps to prevent mechanical interference. The line hardware avoidance zone refers to the area occupied by existing hardware such as suspension clamps, vibration dampers, and spacers, and its adjacent range. Mounting energy harvesting devices within these areas could damage the line hardware and cause partial discharge due to electric field distortion. The span end safety zone takes into account the insulation requirements of the conductor at the tower head, preventing the device from being too close to the tower and resulting in insufficient electrical safety distance. The installation work space constraint comprehensively considers the grasping range of the live-line working robot or the accessibility of manual installation. By explicitly applying these constraints during the joint solution process, the system can automatically eliminate theoretically optimal but inaccessible solutions in the field, significantly improving the engineering feasibility of the design scheme.

[0141] Furthermore, candidate design schemes are obtained through enumeration search, constraint programming, heuristic optimization, or multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. It should be understood that the core innovation of this application lies in establishing a model and process for electromagnetic-mechanical co-design, without relying on a specific numerical optimization algorithm. Whether it's a traditional gradient-based method or intelligent search strategies such as genetic algorithms or particle swarm optimization, as long as effective optimization can be performed within the joint variable space and constraint system constructed in this application, it can be used as a tool to obtain candidate solution sets. This algorithm-independent design gives the technical solution of this application good versatility and scalability, enabling it to continuously benefit from the development of computing technology.

[0142] More importantly, the target design scheme that meets the target total output power and allows for additional sag increments is selected from the candidate design schemes. This includes: comparing the sag of centralized single-module mounting schemes and distributed multi-module mounting schemes under the same total mass or the same total power conditions, and selecting the target design scheme based on the comparison results. This step is the core link in verifying the superiority of collaborative design in this embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, under the premise of maintaining the same total output power (i.e., equivalent total energy harvesting capacity), the centralized single-module scheme concentrates all the mass at one point (usually the center of the span), and the resulting additional sag curve exhibits a sharp single-peak shape with a significantly higher peak value. In contrast, the distributed multi-module scheme disperses the same total mass into several smaller loads and optimizes their arrangement along the span direction (e.g., symmetrically distributed on both sides of the center or avoiding highly sensitive areas). Its additional sag curve exhibits a gentle multi-peak or wide-valley shape, and the maximum additional displacement value is significantly lower than that of the centralized scheme. Through this intuitive quantitative comparison, the system can strongly demonstrate the inherent advantages of distributed layout in terms of mechanical performance, thus prioritizing the selection of schemes that fully utilize spatial distribution gain among multiple candidate solutions that meet the basic constraints. This not only provides a scientific basis for the selection of the final scheme but also provides a clear and observable technical comparison benchmark for subsequent possible infringement determination, namely, determining whether the controlled product adopts a similar "sag comparison and selection under the same power / mass" logic.

[0143] Example 5

[0144] like Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment provides an electromagnetic-mechanical co-design system for an inductive energy harvesting magnetic core. This system is a virtual device carrier for executing any one of the methods in Embodiments 1 to 4 above. Through a functional modular architecture, the co-design process is solidified into a re-executable software or hardware-software combined platform.

[0145] Specifically, the system includes a parameter acquisition module, a turns mapping module, a joint solution module, and a solution output module. The modules are logically connected through a data bus or memory sharing mechanism to form a complete design closed loop.

[0146] The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire transmission line parameters, including line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power. This module serves as the system's input interface, responsible for defining the physical boundaries and requirement constraints of the design problem. In its implementation, the parameter acquisition module can collect data through various methods, such as reading local configuration files, connecting to the power grid asset management database, or receiving user interface input. Among these, line mechanical parameters (such as span, horizontal tension, and load per unit length) form the mechanical basis for subsequent sag calculations; the allowable additional sag increment is directly set as a rigid constraint threshold within the system, rather than merely as a post-processing verification item; and the line current range and target total output power determine the performance index range of the electromagnetic design. By structurally injecting these dispersed engineering parameters into the system, the parameter acquisition module ensures that all subsequent calculations are performed under uniform and accurate operating conditions, avoiding design deviations caused by inconsistent input data.

[0147] The turns mapping module maps the number of turns on the secondary side to a response variable determined by the core geometry and material parameters, based on excitation compensation conditions. Logically, this module receives the basic data from the parameter acquisition module and is tightly coupled with the joint solver module. Unlike traditional designs that treat turns as an independent variable, the turns mapping module encapsulates a physical calculation model for excitation reactance matching or parallel compensation resonance. When the joint solver module generates a set of core geometry parameters (such as inner radius, outer radius, and height), the turns mapping module immediately calculates the corresponding theoretical number of turns according to a preset compensation strategy and automatically performs integerization and engineering feasibility checks such as winding window and temperature rise. Only when the checks pass are the set of geometry parameters and their corresponding integer number of turns confirmed as valid and passed to the next stage. This mechanism ensures that the number of turns is no longer a free dimension in the optimization search space, but a subordinate variable controlled by electromagnetic physics, thus guaranteeing the electrical manufacturability of the output scheme at the system level.

[0148] The joint solution module is used to jointly solve for candidate design schemes based on the electromagnetic model of the induction-harvested magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line. The module uses the structural parameters of the single-module magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line as joint design variables. The constraints of the joint solution include allowing additional sag increments. This module is the core computing engine of the system, integrating the electromagnetic performance evaluation algorithm described in the previous embodiments and the sag calculation algorithm based on influence line superposition. During operation, the joint solution module employs strategies such as enumeration search, heuristic optimization, or multi-objective evolutionary algorithms to optimize within a multi-dimensional space spanned by the joint design variables. Crucially, this module allows additional sag increments as embedded constraints in each iterative evaluation: for any generated parameter combination, the system calculates its corresponding maximum additional sag or the additional sag at the span center in real time. Once the limit set by the parameter acquisition module is exceeded, the combination is marked as an infeasible solution or a penalty function is applied. This synchronous constraint mechanism enables the system to automatically explore a set of candidate schemes that not only meet the power extraction requirements but also actively suppress the mechanical effects of the line by optimizing the number of modules and spatial distribution, thus truly realizing the collaborative design of electromagnetics and mechanics.

[0149] The scheme output module selects the target design scheme from candidate schemes that meets the target total output power and allows for additional sag increments, and outputs the corresponding core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters. This module, as the system's decision-making and output terminal, is responsible not only for screening the final scheme but also for result formatting and engineering adaptation. During the screening phase, the scheme output module determines the optimal solution from the candidate set generated by the joint solution module based on a preset optimization strategy (such as minimizing total mass or maximizing the power-to-mass ratio while satisfying power and sag constraints). Furthermore, this module can perform a sag comparison analysis between centralized and distributed schemes to quantitatively demonstrate the superiority of the selected scheme. In the output phase, the system transforms abstract optimization variables into two types of concrete engineering files: one type is core manufacturing parameters, including the core's inner and outer radii, height, number of secondary turns, and compensation capacitor values, which can be directly used for mold design and winding production; the other type is distributed mounting parameters, including the number of modules, the precise coordinates of each module along the span direction, and the installation spacing, which can directly guide on-site construction. This integrated output model connects the entire chain from theoretical design to product manufacturing and engineering application, significantly improving the efficiency of design results transformation.

[0150] It should be understood that, although Figure 8The specific logical connections between the four modules described above are illustrated. However, in other embodiments, the specific division, naming, or allocation of internal sub-functions of each module can be adjusted according to the actual software development architecture. For example, the turns mapping module can be embedded as a subroutine of the joint solution module, or parameter acquisition and solution output can be integrated into a unified human-computer interaction interface. As long as its overall functionality covers the collaborative design process described in this application, it falls within the protection scope of this embodiment. Through the above system architecture, this embodiment encapsulates the complex electromagnetic-mechanical collaborative design method into a standardized tool platform, which not only improves the automation level of the design process and the consistency of results, but also provides a clear functional module comparison benchmark for subsequent possible software infringement determination.

[0151] Example 6

[0152] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a modular inductive energy harvesting device, which is the physical product carrier produced by the aforementioned electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method. Its structural features directly reflect the results of the co-design. Specifically, the modular inductive energy harvesting device includes multiple inductive energy harvesting core modules distributed along the span direction of the transmission line, a power supply unit, and a mounting and fixing unit. Unlike traditional single high-power energy harvesting devices, the device in this embodiment presents a discrete multi-point distribution system in physical form. This distribution is not the result of arbitrary on-site installation, but rather an inherent product attribute determined based on the co-optimization of line mechanical safety and electromagnetic performance. The mounting and fixing unit is used to securely lock each inductive energy harvesting core module onto the transmission line. Its specific form can be selected according to the conductor type and installation environment, such as bolt-fastening clamps, snap-on clamps, or insulating binding tapes, as long as they can withstand the module's own weight and wind vibration load. The power supply unit is responsible for collecting the electrical energy output from each module and uniformly regulating it, providing a stable power interface for the downstream load.

[0153] Each induction-driven energy harvesting core module includes a core that can be mounted around the outside of the transmission line, a secondary winding wound around the core, and a rectifier or compensation circuit connected to the secondary winding. Specifically, the core is typically made of a high-permeability soft magnetic material and designed as an open-loop toroidal structure to allow for uninterrupted winding of the conductor. The secondary winding is tightly wound onto the core body or frame, with its number of turns and wire diameter precisely calculated manufacturing parameters. The rectifier or compensation circuit can be integrated into the module housing or installed as a separate component adjacent to the core, used to convert AC induced voltage to DC output voltage and to compensate for reactive power in the excitation branch. This highly integrated modular design makes each unit an independent basic unit for energy harvesting and mechanical load, facilitating standardized production and rapid on-site assembly.

[0154] In this embodiment, the mounting coordinates of multiple inductive energy harvesting core modules are determined based on the additional sag constraints of the transmission line, forming a distributed additional load. This feature defines the spatial layout of the device on the transmission line. Specifically, the spacing between modules and their position relative to the center of the span are not arbitrarily set for ease of construction, but are specifically designed to meet the mechanical safety requirements of the line. For example, under the same total energy harvesting power, compared to concentrating all modules at the center of the span, the device in this embodiment significantly reduces the concentrated bending moment and vertical displacement of the conductor by distributing the modules on both sides of the center of the span or avoiding the sag-sensitive area. This physical state of "distributed additional load" is one of the core structural features that distinguishes this device from existing centralized energy harvesting products, ensuring that the device will not cause the line-to-ground distance or phase-to-phase distance to fall below the safety limit after installation.

[0155] Furthermore, multiple inductively coupled magnetic core modules jointly supply power to the load or energy storage unit, and the inner radius, outer radius, height, and number of turns in the secondary winding of each inductively coupled magnetic core module satisfy physical constraints determined by the target excitation reactance or parallel compensation conditions. This feature limits the inherent consistency of the module's internal structural parameters. Specifically, this means that there is a strict physical matching relationship between the geometry of the magnetic core and the number of turns in the winding, rather than independent free parameters. For example, when the product adopts a parallel compensation scheme, its number of turns on the secondary side must be calculated and determined based on the selected compensation capacitor value and parameters such as the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic core and the magnetic circuit length, and then integerized to ensure that the excitation inductive reactance and the compensation capacitive reactance reach the expected matching state in actual operation. This constraint relationship between parameters ensures that each module leaving the factory has qualified electrical performance and manufacturability, avoiding the risk of low energy harvesting efficiency or resonant overvoltage due to parameter mismatch. It should be understood that although the inner radius, outer radius, height, and number of turns are listed here as key parameters, in other implementations, this physical constraint relationship also applies to other relevant structural parameters such as core radial thickness and window fill factor.

[0156] Furthermore, multiple inductive energy harvesting core modules, while meeting the target total output power, ensure that the additional sag at the center of the span of the transmission line, or the maximum additional sag, does not exceed a preset allowable value. This is a constraint on the overall performance of the device. Specifically, the device not only provides the stable power required by the monitoring terminal under rated operating conditions, but also has been verified to be safe in terms of mechanical response. The preset allowable value is a threshold determined according to the design specifications and safety margins of the specific line. The device in this embodiment, through the aforementioned distributed layout and parameter collaborative design, ensures that its actual sag increment after grid connection always remains within this threshold. This dual compliance of "power-sag" is a necessary condition for the device to be delivered and used as a qualified industrial product.

[0157] In terms of electrical connections, the power supply unit can be connected to each inductive energy harvesting core module via a DC bus, an isolated DC / DC converter, or a parallel anti-backflow circuit to achieve reliable power collection and transmission. For example, when the output voltage levels of each module are the same, a DC bus can be used for direct parallel connection; when electrical isolation or voltage transformation is required, an independent DC / DC module is used for adaptation. This flexible bus architecture further enhances the device's adaptability to different application scenarios. Through the above structural design, the modular inductive energy harvesting device provided in this embodiment successfully transforms the electromagnetic-mechanical co-design concept into a concrete physical product, fundamentally solving the problem of excessive line sag caused by traditional high-power energy harvesting devices while ensuring energy harvesting performance, thus combining operational safety and engineering practicality.

[0158] Example 7

[0159] To more clearly illustrate the application effect of the technical solution of this application in actual engineering, the following detailed explanation uses the energy harvesting of an online monitoring terminal for a 110kV transmission line as an example. This embodiment demonstrates the entire process from parameter input to solution output, and verifies the effectiveness of the electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method in solving the problem of excessive sag through specific numerical values.

[0160] In this application scenario, step S100 is executed first to obtain the transmission line parameters. The specific line foundation conditions are as follows: the span L is 300m, the horizontal tension H is 25kN (i.e., 2.5×10^4 N), and the equivalent vertical load per unit length q0 is 12N / m. Based on the ground safety distance and insulation coordination requirements for this voltage level line, the allowable additional sag increment Δf is set. allow The length is 0.15m. The power supply requirement for the backend monitoring equipment is determined as the target total output power P. req The current rating is 20W, and the line current operating range is 100A to 600A. Furthermore, considering on-site installation space and hardware clearance requirements, the following engineering design constraints are set: the design range for the inner radius ri of the magnetic core is 20mm to 40mm, the design range for the outer radius ro is 45mm to 80mm, the design range for the core height h is 60mm to 140mm, and the radial thickness (ro-ri) must not be less than 15mm to ensure mechanical strength; the candidate set for the number of modules N is {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; the mounting coordinate xi of each module is limited to the range of 0.15L to 0.85L to avoid excessive proximity to the tower affecting insulation safety, and the distance |xi-xj| between any two adjacent modules must not be less than 10m to prevent mutual inductance interference and reserve installation and operation space.

[0161] Subsequently, the system executes the joint solution process from steps S200 to S300 based on the aforementioned parameters. In this case, a high-permeability soft magnetic material is selected for the core material, the saturation magnetic flux density Bsat is known, and the safety factor κs is set to 0.75 to 0.85 to ensure that magnetic saturation does not occur under high current conditions. During the joint solution process, the number of secondary-side turns N2 is not used as an independent search variable, but is obtained in real time by mapping the current core geometric parameters according to the excitation compensation conditions. For example, when the algorithm finds a set of candidate geometric parameters ri=25mm, ro=50mm, h=100mm, the system automatically calculates the corresponding theoretical number of turns based on the target excitation reactance or parallel compensation capacitor matching relationship, and after integer processing, obtains N2 of approximately 140 turns. This mapping mechanism ensures that each core scheme participating in the mechanical evaluation is electrically manufacturable and matched.

[0162] After joint solution and multi-objective screening, the system outputs a set of target design schemes that satisfy all constraints. The specific parameters of this scheme are: number of modules N=4, inner radius ri=25mm, outer radius ro=50mm, height h=100mm, and secondary side turns N2=140 turns. The four modules are symmetrically distributed along the span direction, and their mounting coordinates avoid the most sensitive area at the center of the span, while ensuring a minimum module spacing of greater than 10m. Calculations show that, under the premise of meeting a total output power of 20W, this distributed mounting scheme causes a maximum additional sag of 0.12m on the transmission line and an additional sag at the center of the span of 0.09m, both strictly less than the allowable additional sag increment limit of 0.15m. This proves that the distributed scheme obtained through electromagnetic-mechanical co-design can effectively control the mechanical risks of the line while ensuring energy harvesting performance.

[0163] In contrast, a traditional serial design approach, which optimizes only the size of a single magnetic core without considering load distribution while meeting the 20W power requirement, often results in a large and heavy centralized single-module solution. Under the same line parameters (L=300m, H=25kN), if a single module with equivalent total mass is directly mounted at the center of the span, the resulting additional sag will reach approximately 0.22m, significantly exceeding the safety limit of 0.15m. Even if the mounting position is adjusted off-center, the maximum additional displacement across the entire span remains difficult to reduce below the safety threshold due to the excessive concentrated load. This comparison clearly demonstrates the value of the proposed technical solution: by simultaneously introducing sag constraints and discretizing the load distribution during the design phase, the contradiction between high-power energy harvesting devices and line mechanical safety is successfully resolved.

[0164] It should be understood that the specific values ​​in the above 110kV line case (such as 300m span, 20W power, 4 modules, etc.) are merely a specific application example of the technical solution of this application, intended to help those skilled in the art understand the implementation method and beneficial effects of the invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. In actual engineering, the electromagnetic-mechanical co-design method described in this application can be used to obtain the optimal core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting scheme adapted to specific working conditions for scenarios with different voltage levels, different spans, and different power requirements.

[0165] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of electromagnetics-mechanics co-design of an inductively powered magnetic core, characterized by, The method includes: Obtain transmission line parameters, including line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power; Based on the excitation compensation condition, the number of secondary side turns is mapped to a response variable determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters; Based on the electromagnetic model of the induction-harvesting magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line, the structural parameters of the single-module magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line are used as joint design variables to jointly solve the problem and obtain candidate design schemes; wherein, the constraint conditions of the joint solution include the allowable additional sag increment. Select a target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that satisfies the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment, and output the core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters corresponding to the target design scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The joint design variables include the inner radius of the magnetic core, the outer radius of the magnetic core, the height of the magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the span direction of the transmission line. The constraints also include: the additional sag at the center of the span or the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The additional sag model of the transmission line uses the method of superimposing concentrated load influence lines to calculate the contribution of multiple induction energy harvesting magnetic core modules to the vertical displacement at any position within the span, and takes the maximum additional displacement within the span as the maximum additional sag. When the A single inductive energy harvesting magnetic core module is mounted as a centralized load on the coordinates of the transmission line. At any position within the span Additional vertical displacement satisfy: when hour, ; when hour, ; Total additional vertical displacement when multiple modules act as distributed additional loads satisfy: ； in, For the first Additional load of each module The horizontal tension of the transmission line. The span of the transmission line. The number of modules.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mapping of the number of secondary-side turns to a response variable determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters based on the excitation compensation condition includes: Based on the target excitation reactance requirements, or based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, the number of turns on the secondary side is determined by the magnetic core geometric parameters and the magnetic core material parameters.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When based on the target excitation reactance requirement, the number of secondary side turns satisfy: ； in, For the target excitation reactance, The average magnetic path length, The angular frequency of the line current. The permeability of free space, For effective permeability, For the effective cross-sectional area, Integerization is indicated; when based on the impedance matching relationship between the parallel compensation capacitor and the excitation branch, the number of secondary-side turns... satisfy: ； in, This refers to the parallel compensation capacitor.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objectives of the joint solution include maximizing total output power, maximizing the total power-to-mass ratio, and minimizing the maximum additional sag; or... The objective of the joint solution is to minimize the total mass while ensuring that the total output power is not lower than the target total output power and the maximum additional sag does not exceed the allowable additional sag increment.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting coordinates are constrained by the minimum spacing between modules, the clearance zone for line fittings, the safety zone at the end of the span, and the installation work space.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The candidate design schemes are obtained through enumeration search, constraint planning, heuristic optimization, or multi-objective evolutionary algorithms; The step of selecting a target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that satisfies the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment includes: Under the same total mass or the same total power conditions, the sag of the centralized single-module mounting scheme and the distributed multi-module mounting scheme are compared, and the target design scheme is selected based on the comparison results.

9. An electromagnetic-mechanical co-design system for an induction-harvesting magnetic core, characterized in that, include: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire transmission line parameters, which include line mechanical parameters, allowable additional sag increment, line current range, and target total output power. The turns mapping module is used to map the number of secondary-side turns into a response variable determined by the core geometric parameters and core material parameters based on the excitation compensation conditions. The joint solution module is used to perform joint solution based on the electromagnetic model of the induction energy harvesting magnetic core and the additional sag model of the transmission line, using the structural parameters of the single module magnetic core, the number of modules, and the mounting coordinates of each module along the transmission line as joint design variables to obtain candidate design schemes; wherein, the constraint conditions of the joint solution include the allowable additional sag increment; The scheme output module is used to select a target design scheme from the candidate design schemes that meets the target total output power and the allowable additional sag increment, and output the core manufacturing parameters and distributed mounting parameters corresponding to the target design scheme.

10. A modular inductive energy harvesting device, characterized in that, It includes multiple induction energy harvesting magnetic core modules, a busbar power supply unit, and a mounting and fixing unit, all of which are installed and distributed along the span direction of the transmission line. Each of the aforementioned inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules includes a magnetic core that can be disposed outside the transmission line, a secondary winding wound on the magnetic core, and a rectifier or compensation circuit connected to the secondary winding. The mounting coordinates of the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules are determined according to the additional sag constraint of the transmission line, so that the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules form a distributed additional load; Multiple inductive energy harvesting core modules jointly supply power to the load or energy storage unit, and the inner radius, outer radius, height and number of turns of the secondary winding of each inductive energy harvesting core module satisfy the physical constraint relationship determined by the target excitation reactance or parallel compensation condition; While meeting the target total output power, the multiple inductive energy harvesting magnetic core modules ensure that the additional sag at the center of the span of the transmission line or the maximum additional sag does not exceed a preset allowable value.

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