Topological quantum computer universal control engine based on phase parallel operation and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of topology quantum computer general control engine based on phase parallel operation and control method thereof.The control engine includes phase parallel regulation and control module, parallel bus interface, waveform synthesis memory, feedback input interface and control algorithm processor.The method calculates the phase time sequence θ_i (t) required for each control port by control algorithm processor, and loads to the corresponding phase branch of phase parallel regulation and control module;At each synchronous clock edge, multiple phase branches simultaneously output the phase value of the current time to the corresponding control port;Topology quantum chip executes quantum gate operation;Feedback input interface reads measurement results, and control algorithm processor calculates and updates phase sequence in real time.The application realizes multi-channel picosecond-level synchronous control, and the phase output jitter is less than 10 picoseconds, and the number of phase branches can be expanded to 4096, which can be widely applied in topology quantum computing, quantum error correction and quantum information processing field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computing control technology, specifically to a general-purpose control engine and control method for topological quantum computers based on phase-parallel computation. This invention is particularly applicable to classical control layers of topological quantum chips, synchronous manipulation of multi-qubit quantum gates, real-time decoding and feedback of quantum error-correcting codes, and distributed control scenarios for large-scale topological quantum computing arrays. Background Technology

[0002] Topological quantum computing, due to its inherent resistance to decoherence and fault tolerance, is considered one of the most promising technological routes for realizing large-scale universal quantum computing. However, the engineering of topological quantum computing faces a long-neglected bottleneck—the classical control layer. Existing quantum computing control systems can be mainly classified into the following categories: (i) Serial control based on general-purpose CPU / FPGA The control waveform is generated by a general-purpose processor or FPGA and output to the quantum chip after digital-to-analog conversion. This type of scheme has the following problems: (1) the control signal is loaded serially, which cannot realize the synchronous control of multiple qubits; (2) the digital-to-analog conversion and signal transmission introduce nanosecond-level delays, resulting in control timing jitter; (3) as the number of qubits increases, the number of control cables increases explosively; (4) it cannot meet the picosecond-level timing accuracy requirements of topological quantum computing. (ii) Array control based on arbitrary waveform generator The control signal is output in parallel using a multi-channel arbitrary waveform generator. This type of scheme has the following problems: (1) there is a lack of accurate phase synchronization mechanism between channels; (2) the phase resolution of the waveform generator is limited (usually only 12-16 bits); (3) the cost of large-scale deployment is extremely high (thousands to tens of thousands of US dollars per channel); (4) it is impossible to achieve real-time closed-loop feedback between the control signal and the quantum state measurement. (III) Fast control based on superconducting digital logic Fast digital control is achieved using superconducting single-flux quantum logic. This type of scheme has the following problems: (1) It requires an extremely low temperature environment (below 4K), making it difficult to integrate with the quantum chip in the same temperature range; (2) The digital logic complexity is limited, making it difficult to implement complex control algorithms; (3) The power consumption density is high, increasing the cooling burden. (iv) Phase control based on optical delay lines Phase control of each channel is achieved through adjustable optical delay lines. This type of solution has the following problems: (1) it is bulky and cannot be integrated on a chip; (2) the accuracy of the delay lines is limited by mechanical adjustment; and (3) it lacks the ability to scale up to a large scale. In summary, the fundamental deficiency of existing quantum computing control technologies lies in the lack of a general-purpose control engine architecture capable of simultaneously achieving multi-channel picosecond-level synchronization, precisely programmable phase, and large-scale scalability. This invention, for the first time, uses a phase parallel modulation module as the general-purpose control engine for a topological quantum computer, achieving fully synchronous parallel distribution of control signals. Summary of the Invention

[0003] (a) Purpose of the invention This invention provides a general-purpose control engine and control method for a topological quantum computer based on phase parallel computation, aiming to solve the technical problems that existing quantum computing control systems cannot achieve multi-channel picosecond-level synchronization, precise phase programmability, and large-scale scalability. (II) Technical Principles This invention is based on a phase-parallel computation architecture and the control requirements of topological quantum computing. In this invention, the general-purpose control engine is implemented through the following physical chain: Control signals are essentially phase signals: All control signals in a topological quantum chip—gate voltage, magnetic flux bias, and microwave pulse phase—are fundamentally phase control signals. These phase values ​​are directly output through the phase branch of the phase parallel modulation module, eliminating the need for digital-to-analog conversion. Parallel synchronous distribution: Multiple phase branches of the phase parallel control module simultaneously output control phase θ_i(t) at the same clock edge, directly driving the corresponding control ports of the quantum chip via a parallel bus. The phase synchronization accuracy of each channel is determined by the jitter of the clock edge (picosecond level). Programmable waveform synthesis: The θ_i(t) time series output by each phase branch can be calculated and updated in real time by the control engine. With the preset θ_i(t) sequence, control waveforms of arbitrary shapes (square waves, sine waves, pulse sequences, etc.) can be synthesized on the quantum chip without the need for an external waveform generator. Real-time feedback control: The control engine receives the measurement results from the quantum chip (such as quantum dot contact current and resonator frequency shift), calculates and updates the θ_i(t) sequence of each phase branch in real time, and realizes closed-loop quantum control. The fundamental difference from existing technologies: This invention is not a multi-level architecture of "CPU / DAC / waveform generator + quantum chip", but a single-level architecture in which the phase branch is directly mapped to the quantum chip control port, eliminating all intermediate delays in digital-to-analog conversion, signal transmission and serial loading. (III) Technical Solution A general-purpose control engine for a topological quantum computer based on phase-parallel computation, characterized in that it includes: The phase parallel control module contains N phase branches, each of which independently outputs the time series of the phase control signal θ_i(t); A parallel bus interface connects the phase parallel control module to the control port array of the topological quantum chip, with each phase branch connected to each control port in a one-to-one correspondence. A waveform synthesis memory stores preset time sequences for each phase branch, which are used to generate arbitrary control waveforms; The feedback input interface is connected to the measurement output of the topological quantum chip to receive quantum state measurement results; The control algorithm processor is connected to the feedback input interface and the phase parallel control module, and is used to calculate and update the θ_i(t) sequence of each phase branch in real time based on the measurement results. A general control method for a topological quantum computer based on phase-parallel computation, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Obtain the target quantum gate operation or quantum algorithm, and calculate the required phase-time sequences θ1(t), θ2(t), …, θ for each control port. n (t); S2: Load the phase time series into the corresponding phase branch of the phase parallel control module; S3: At each synchronous clock edge, multiple phase branches of the phase parallel control module simultaneously output the phase value at the current moment to the corresponding control port; S4: The topological quantum chip performs quantum gate operations based on the received phase control signal; S5: Read the measurement results of the quantum chip through the feedback input interface; S6: The control algorithm processor calculates and updates the subsequent time series of each phase branch in real time based on the measurement results, and returns to step S2. (iv) Beneficial effects First, it achieves multi-channel picosecond-level synchronous control, with phase output jitter of each phase branch less than 10 picoseconds, meeting the timing accuracy requirements of topological quantum computing. Second, it eliminates the delay of digital-to-analog conversion and signal transmission, and the delay of the control signal from the engine to the quantum chip is determined only by the parallel bus transmission (nanosecond level). Third, the number of phase branches can be expanded to thousands, supporting parallel control of large-scale topological qubit arrays. Fourth, the built-in feedback control loop enables real-time quantum error correction and gate operation calibration without the need for external control host intervention. Fifth, the control engine can operate at room temperature or in the 4K temperature range, which is compatible with the temperature boundaries of the topological quantum chip. Detailed Implementation

[0004] Example 1 (Multi-bit Synchronous Quantum Gate Control) Step 1: Configure the control engine. The parallel phase control module is configured with 128 phase branches, each outputting the phase θ_i(t), with an update rate of 10 GHz and a phase resolution of 0.001 radians. A parallel bus interface connects to the 128 control ports of the topological quantum chip. Step 2: Load the quantum gate sequence. The control algorithm processor calculates the required phase time sequence for each control port based on the target quantum algorithm (such as Grover's search algorithm). Each quantum gate operation corresponds to a set of phase sequences with a duration of 100 ns. Step 3: Execute the quantum gate synchronously. At each synchronous clock edge (period 100ps), the phase parallel control module simultaneously outputs the current phase value to all control ports. All qubits execute gate operations synchronously, with no serial loading delay. Step 4: Measurement and Feedback. After the quantum chip completes the gate operation, it outputs the result through the measurement port. The feedback input interface reads the measurement data and controls the algorithm processor to calculate the next set of phase sequences. Example 2 (Real-time Quantum Error Correction) In a surface code system containing 9 physical qubits (encoding 1 logical qubit), the control engine monitors the measurement results of each qubit in real time. When an error syndrome is detected, the control algorithm processor calculates the phase sequence required for the correction gate within 1 microsecond, loads it in parallel through the phase parallel control module, and executes the error correction operation. Example 3 (Large-scale parallel control) The number of phase branches of the control engine is expanded to 4096 (corresponding to 1024 topological qubits, with 4 control ports per qubit). The engine and the quantum chip are connected via a high-density parallel bus (such as through-silicon vias or flip-chip bonding) to achieve a three-dimensional integrated control-quantum chip stack. Example 4 (Room Temperature to Low Temperature Transition Control) The main control engine operates at room temperature and is connected to a quantum chip in the 4K temperature range via a high-speed parallel bus (fiber optic or coaxial cable). The control engine performs phase calculations and sequence generation at room temperature, and only performs signal reception and impedance matching in the 4K temperature range, eliminating the need to deploy complex control logic in the low-temperature region. Attached Figure Description

[0005] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall architecture of the general control engine for a topological quantum computer based on phase parallel computation, as described in this invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the one-to-one connection between the phase branch and the control port of the quantum chip. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time feedback control loop principle of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the general control method of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a typical application scenario of the present invention. Terminology Explanation

[0006] Phase parallel control module: A parallel computing hardware module containing multiple independent phase branches, each branch can independently output a phase control signal θ_i(t). General-purpose control engine: A hardware system that provides fully synchronous, programmable, and scalable control signal distribution for topological quantum computers. Parallel bus interface: The physical connection layer that transmits the output signals of multiple phase branches to the control port of the quantum chip simultaneously. Control algorithm processor: A processing unit that calculates the time series of each phase branch based on quantum gate operations and real-time measurement results.

Claims

1. Claim 1: A general control method for a topological quantum computer based on phase-parallel computation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the target quantum gate operation or quantum algorithm, and calculate the required phase-time sequences θ1(t), θ2(t), …, θ for each control port. n (t); S2: Load the phase time series into the corresponding phase branch of the phase parallel control module; S3: At each synchronous clock edge, multiple phase branches of the phase parallel control module simultaneously output the phase value at the current moment to the corresponding control port; S4: The topological quantum chip performs quantum gate operations based on the received phase control signal; S5: Read the measurement results of the quantum chip through the feedback input interface; S6: The control algorithm processor calculates and updates the subsequent time series of each phase branch in real time based on the measurement results, and returns to step S2.

2. Claim 2: A general-purpose control engine for a topological quantum computer based on phase-parallel computation, characterized in that: include: The phase parallel control module contains N phase branches, each of which independently outputs the time series of the phase control signal θ_i(t); A parallel bus interface connects the phase parallel control module to the control port array of the topological quantum chip, with each phase branch connected to each control port in a one-to-one correspondence. A waveform synthesis memory stores preset time sequences for each phase branch, which are used to generate arbitrary control waveforms; The feedback input interface is connected to the measurement output of the topological quantum chip to receive quantum state measurement results; The control algorithm processor is connected to the feedback input interface and the phase parallel control module, and is used to calculate and update the θ_i(t) sequence of each phase branch in real time based on the measurement results.

3. Claim 3: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase output synchronization accuracy of each phase branch is better than 10 picoseconds.

4. Claim 4: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The update rate of the phase time series is not less than 1 GHz.

5. Claim 5: The engine according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The phase parallel control module has 128 to 4096 phase branches, supporting parallel control of large-scale topological qubit arrays.

6. Claim 6: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control algorithm processor calculates and updates the phase sequence based on the measurement results in a response time of less than 1 microsecond.

7. Claim 7: The engine according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The waveform synthesis memory stores a preset time sequence that supports at least one waveform among square wave, sine wave, Gaussian pulse, and composite pulse sequence.

8. Claim 8: The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback input interface and the phase parallel control module form a closed-loop control circuit, supporting real-time quantum error correction and gate operation calibration.

9. Claim 9: The engine according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The parallel bus interface is a high-density parallel bus, including at least one of through-silicon vias, flip-chip bumps, or coaxial cable arrays.

10. Claim 10: The engine according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The control engine operates at room temperature and is connected to a topological quantum chip in the 4K temperature range via a parallel bus, eliminating the need to deploy control logic in the low-temperature region.

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