Ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation method and system

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of artificial intelligence, nondestructive testing technology, mixed reality development and computer data processing technology, in particular to an ultrasonic nondestructive teaching evaluation method and system, which comprises a virtual demonstration method and a virtual operation method. The present application solves the problem that due to insufficient operation experience and lack of solid theory, defects cannot be accurately found and detection information cannot be effectively analyzed and judged, so that students can simulate actual detection operation and result feedback, and the operation process is data-based and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mixed reality development and computer data processing technology of artificial intelligence and non-destructive testing technology, and particularly relates to ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation methods and systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of my country's industry and information technology, non-destructive testing (NDT) technology plays a crucial role in comprehensive quality control. Ultrasonic testing technology is a widely used, frequently employed, and rapidly developing NDT technology, which has been developing towards digitalization, imaging, intelligence, and automation in recent years. With my country's increasing aid to countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, the promotion of testing standards, and the urgent need for domestic and international educational assistance, the training of highly qualified NDT personnel capable of adapting to international standards is of paramount importance. Compared with other non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques, ultrasonic testing (UT) has the advantages of being able to test a variety of objects, including thick workpieces; it offers accurate defect localization and high sensitivity; it is fast and low-cost; and it poses no harm to human health. Ultrasonic testing is a non-destructive testing technique that uses the influence of defects in the workpiece itself or its internal defects on the propagation of ultrasonic waves to determine whether there are defects. Even though ultrasonic waves are invisible, they act on the workpiece being tested, and the resulting data carries various information representing its physical properties. By utilizing this propagation characteristic of ultrasonic waves, the effective information can be extracted and used to evaluate and analyze the workpiece being tested. During the teaching and training process, trainees do not have a thorough understanding of the relatively abstract theory of ultrasonic testing. In their testing operations, they also cannot intuitively understand the working principle of ultrasonic waves in the workpiece being tested, the material properties of the workpiece being tested, the causes of defects and their effects. This leads to low learning efficiency, a prolonged learning cycle, and even the inability to accurately detect defects or effectively analyze and judge the test information due to insufficient operational experience and a lack of solid theoretical foundation. In summary, existing technologies suffer from insufficient operational experience and a lack of solid theoretical foundation, resulting in an inability to accurately detect defects and effectively analyze and judge detection information. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method and system for non-destructive ultrasonic teaching evaluation to solve the aforementioned problems in the background art. Specifically, the technical problem solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Ultrasonic nondestructive teaching evaluation methods include: Virtual demonstration method: Through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode and debriefing mode, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beam in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects and their effects. Virtual operation method: Through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, students can simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results.

[0004] Preferably, the virtual demonstration method includes: The virtual demonstration mode includes using MR equipment to immerse the trainee as a virtual sound beam in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, the trainee scans the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changes its direction through first-person scanning. At the same time, using interactive equipment, the trainee adjusts the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. The defect-focused mode includes using MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of a virtual object being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual object and the change process of its workpiece defects. At the same time, an interactive device is used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of the virtual object being picked up. The debriefing mode includes using computing devices to perform debriefing analysis based on operation records.

[0005] Preferably, the virtual operation method includes: The interactive operation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, the calculation of probe near-field length, the calculation of reflected wave, the calculation of transmitted wave, and the calculation of material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. The system calculation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module using MR equipment and a calculation device, and an interactive device. The ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module is used to simulate sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of a straight probe and the near-field length calculation of an angled probe.

[0006] Preferably, the first-person scanning includes: immersing oneself in a sound beam in the first person, scanning the virtual object to be picked up in the first person along a preset trajectory, checking the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changing its direction in the first person, and controlling the position of the immersed sound beam character in the demonstration in the first person.

[0007] Preferably, the role of controlling the sound beam includes: Create a virtual character, set the appearance time and location of the sound beam, and create a virtual perspective for the virtual character; Based on a virtual character, one can immerse oneself in that virtual character; Based on a virtual perspective, the virtual perspective is adjusted to perform a first-person scan of the picked-up item along a preset trajectory.

[0008] Preferably, the simulated sound beam calculation includes: Beam angle calculation function:

[0009] Among them, the λ is the beam angle; λ is the ultrasonic wavelength; and D is the diameter of the circular piezoelectric crystal.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation of the near-field region length of the straight probe includes: Function for calculating the near-field length of a straight probe:

[0011] Wherein, A0 is the effective area of ​​the wafer after refraction; A is the wafer area; β is the refraction angle; α is the incident angle; and the non-diffused region is 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe, while the diffused region is greater than 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe. Preferably, the reflected wave is calculated as follows:

[0012]

[0013] Wherein, P1 is the first sound pressure level, P2 is the second sound pressure level, H1 is the first screen display wave height corresponding to P1, and H2 is the second screen display wave height corresponding to P2; C L1 The longitudinal wave velocity in the first medium, C S1 The first medium transverse wave velocity; the C L2 The C represents the longitudinal wave velocity in the second medium. S2 The transverse wave velocity in the second medium; the α L The longitudinal wave incident angle, α' L β is the longitudinal wave reflection angle. L For the longitudinal wave refraction angle, β s The angle of refraction of the transverse wave is α'. S The angle of reflection of the transverse wave; The calculation of the transmitted wave:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018]

[0019] Z1 is the characteristic impedance of one material, Z2 is the characteristic impedance of another material; R is the sound intensity reflectivity; T is the sound intensity transmittance; P i For the incident wave, the P r For reflected waves, the P t It is a transmitted wave; Preferably, the calculation of material degradation is as follows:

[0020] The V (m-n) The dB difference in bottom surface echo height between the m-th and n-th times of the dB sample, where α is the material attenuation coefficient.

[0021] Meanwhile, this invention also provides an ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation system, including: The teaching assessment system implements the above-mentioned teaching assessment methods, wherein: Virtual demonstration module: This module allows trainees to visually observe the working principle of ultrasonic beams in the workpiece being inspected through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode, and debriefing mode, and to understand the theory of ultrasonic testing, as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects, and their impact. Virtual operation module: It is used to enable students to simulate actual testing operations and result feedback through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, so as to make the operation process data-driven and visualized, and achieve efficient and high-quality teaching results. Virtual demonstration mode module: Used with MR equipment to immerse trainees as virtual sound beams in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, trainees can scan the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and change its direction through first-person perspective. Using interactive devices, trainees can adjust the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. Defect-focused mode module: Used with MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual objects being picked up and the change process of workpiece defects. Interactive devices are used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. Retrospective Mode Module: Used to perform retrospective analysis based on operation records using computing devices; Interactive Operation Mode Module: This module is used for ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, probe near-field length, reflected wave, transmitted wave, and material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. System Calculation Mode Module: This module is used for the ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module and interactive device that employ MR equipment and computing equipment. The ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module is used for simulating sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of straight probes and the near-field length calculation of angle probes.

[0022] This program utilizes virtual demonstration methods, including virtual demonstration mode, defect-focused mode, and debriefing mode, as well as interactive operation mode and system calculation mode in the virtual operation method. Through virtual demonstration, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beams in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing, the material properties of the workpiece, the causes of defects, and their impact. Through the interactive operation mode and system calculation mode of the virtual operation method, trainees can simulate actual inspection operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is the main flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the teaching assessment method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the teaching assessment method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a system flowchart of an embodiment of the teaching assessment method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a topology diagram of the teaching evaluation method of the present invention based on the system of Embodiment 1; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interactive device for Embodiment 1 of the teaching assessment method of the present invention based on the system; Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: In the picture: S10 - Virtual Demonstration Method; S20 - Virtual Operation Method; S301 - Through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode and debriefing mode, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beam in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects and their effects. S302 - Through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, students can simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results; Example

[0025] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, the ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation method includes: Virtual demonstration method S10: Through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode and debriefing mode, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beam in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects and their effects S301. Virtual operation method S20: Through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, students can simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results S302.

[0026] This solution utilizes virtual demonstration modes, defect-focused modes, and debriefing modes within the virtual demonstration methodology, as well as interactive operation modes and system calculation modes within the virtual operation methodology; such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the system is functionally divided into virtual demonstration and interactive operation. The operation method and examples are as follows: Link the MR device, computer, and interactive device. After starting, enter the ultrasonic testing interactive operating system. Select virtual demonstration or interactive operation according to the topic. For virtual demonstration mode, select the virtual demonstration option, where trainees can immerse themselves in observing the effect of the sound beam on the test block from a first-person or third-person perspective, or simulate defects. For interactive operation, the linked interactive device needs to be debugged. The debugging personnel or trainees set the topic according to the standard or a random topic. Trainees hold the testing probe and perform virtual interactive testing on the test block. The system then outputs the test results and practical score. After the interactive operation ends, trainees can enter the virtual demonstration to review the interactive testing. No further action is required after operation; all related devices should be shut down and returned to their original positions. By using virtual demonstrations, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beams in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing, as well as the material properties, defect causes, and their effects on the workpiece being inspected. Through the interactive operation mode and system calculation mode of the virtual operation method, trainees can simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, thus achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results.

[0027] The virtual demonstration method S10 includes: The virtual demonstration mode includes using MR equipment to immerse the trainee as a virtual sound beam in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, the trainee scans the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changes its direction through first-person scanning. At the same time, using interactive equipment, the trainee adjusts the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. The defect-focused mode includes using MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of a virtual object being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual object and the change process of its workpiece defects. At the same time, an interactive device is used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of the virtual object being picked up. The debriefing mode includes using computing devices to perform debriefing analysis based on operation records.

[0028] The virtual operation method S20 includes: The interactive operation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, the calculation of probe near-field length, the calculation of reflected wave, the calculation of transmitted wave, and the calculation of material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. The system calculation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module using MR equipment and a calculation device, and an interactive device. The ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module is used to simulate sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of a straight probe and the near-field length calculation of an angled probe.

[0029] This solution includes MR equipment, a computer, and an interactive device. The MR equipment connects to the computer and the interactive device via wired or wireless methods. Within the MR equipment system, a corresponding topic can be selected to independently run the ultrasonic nondestructive testing teaching and evaluation system, or it can connect to the computer to utilize the CPU and GPU, providing additional computing power support for the MR equipment. This invention relates to the field of mixed reality (MR) development in nondestructive testing technology, specifically a mixed reality interactive teaching and evaluation system developed based on ultrasonic nondestructive testing and the physicochemical analysis of the tested object. Functionally, it is divided into virtual demonstration and interactive operation. By linking the computer, interactive device, and MR equipment and starting the system, users enter the ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and select either virtual demonstration or interactive operation based on the topic. During teaching and training, the "Defect Topic" function in the MR system enables trainees to deeply understand the theory of ultrasonic testing, the material properties of the tested workpiece, the causes of defects, and their impact. The "Virtual Demonstration" function in the MR system allows for a direct visualization of the working principle of the ultrasonic beam within the tested workpiece. The "Defect Topic" function simulates actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visual. This achieves efficient and high-quality teaching results.

[0030] The virtual demonstration is as follows: After wearing the MR device and interactive device, the trainee selects and activates the virtual demonstration function. They immerse themselves as a sound beam, scan the object being picked up from a first-person perspective, use the MR device to check the surrounding scene and change direction, and use the interactive device to control the position of the immersive sound beam character in the demonstration. The Defects Theme: After wearing the MR equipment and interactive device, trainees select and start the Defects Theme. In the MR equipment, they observe the material defects and formation process of the virtual inspected part, as well as the generation and change process of defects in the workpiece. They use the interactive device in their hands to adjust the progress, viewpoint and other operations to assist in learning. The interactive operation is as follows: After wearing the MR device, the trainee connects to the interactive device and the computer, selects the interactive operation function in the MR device, and uses special software to call up the computer hardware resources to assist in the interactive operation function.

[0031] Trainees operate the probe on a test block and observe real-time interactive feedback from the MR device, where a simulated sound beam of virtual ultrasound calculated by the device measures the detection effect within the test block. This simulation allows trainees to select probe parameters on the test block, which are then calculated using preset formulas within the system. Simultaneously, detection parameters such as sound velocity, wavelength, sound pressure level, and frequency are displayed on the MR device's UI.

[0032] The first-person scanning includes: immersing oneself in a sound beam in the first person, scanning the virtual object to be picked up in the first person along a preset trajectory, checking the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changing its direction in the first person, and controlling the position of the immersed sound beam character in the demonstration in the first person.

[0033] In this case, the first-person scanning includes: immersing oneself as a sound beam, scanning the object to be picked up in a first-person perspective along a preset trajectory, checking the surrounding scene and changing direction through MR equipment, and controlling the position of the immersed sound beam character in the demonstration through interactive devices.

[0034] The roles that control the sound beam include: Create a virtual character, set the appearance time and location of the sound beam, and create a virtual perspective for the virtual character; Based on a virtual character, one can immerse oneself in that virtual character; Based on a virtual perspective, the virtual perspective is adjusted to perform a first-person scan of the picked-up item along a preset trajectory.

[0035] In this case, the role of manipulating the sound beam includes: virtually setting a character who is located at the position of the set sound beam at a certain time; creating a virtual camera perspective for this character; the operator immerses themselves in this character, adjusts the virtual camera perspective, and performs a first-person scan of the picked-up object along a preset trajectory.

[0036] The simulated sound beam calculation includes: Beam angle calculation function:

[0037] Among them, the λ is the beam angle; λ is the ultrasonic wavelength; and D is the diameter of the circular piezoelectric crystal.

[0038] The main portion of ultrasonic energy is concentrated within the primary sound beam; this property of the sound beam radiating in one direction is called the directivity of the sound field. Ultrasonic waves are high-frequency, short-wavelength mechanical waves. Due to their good directionality, NDT (non-destructive testing) often uses millimeter-level wavelengths. As a means of controlling the beam range, ultrasonic waves can be directionally emitted, much like a flashlight that can locate objects in the dark, thus detecting defects in inspected materials. In an ultrasonic field, the sound pressure at different points on the same cross-section at a sufficient distance from the wave source is different, with the highest sound pressure along the axis. In actual flaw detection, the defect echo is highest only when the wave beam axis is perpendicular to the defect, which is why. The sound pressure in the sound field outside the half-diffusion angle θ0 is very low; the energy of the ultrasonic wave is mainly concentrated within the half-diffusion angle θ0. Therefore, the half-diffusion angle can be considered to limit the beam range. The beam within 2θ0 is called the main beam, and defects are easily detected only when they are within the main beam range. The characteristic of radiating ultrasonic waves in a fixed direction at a defined diffusion angle is called beam directivity.

[0039] From θ0≈70(λ / DS), it can be seen that increasing the probe diameter DS and the flaw detection frequency f will decrease the half-diffusion angle θ0, which can improve beam directivity, make the ultrasonic energy more concentrated, and help improve flaw detection sensitivity. Half of the approach is to minimize the near-field length while ensuring flaw detection sensitivity.

[0040] The ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and its calculation module are described below. The specific calculation method is as follows: The relationship between wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and wavelength (λ) is calculated. When the system calls the ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and the ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module, it calculates based on preset condition parameters and simulates the shape of the sound beam and its attenuation and reflection through images. The beam angle is the angle measured outwards from the extension of the sensor's central axis to the point where the energy intensity is reduced by half (-3dB). Sound beam pointing angle:

[0041] The sound beam consists of a large main lobe and several small side lobes. Ultrasound imaging mainly relies on the probe emitting a highly directional main lobe and receiving the echo; the side lobes always have some deviation in their direction of reflection, which can easily produce artifacts.

[0042] The calculation of the near-field region length of the straight probe includes: Function for calculating the near-field length of a straight probe:

[0043] Wherein, A is the area of ​​the rectangular wafer; N1 is the length of the near-field region of the straight probe; The length of the near-field region is directly proportional to the area of ​​the wave source and inversely proportional to the wavelength.

[0044] The calculation of the near-field region length of the angled probe includes: Function for calculating the near-field length of an angled probe:

[0045] Wherein, A0 is the effective area of ​​the wafer after refraction; A is the wafer area; β is the refraction angle; α is the incident angle; and the non-diffused region is 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe, while the diffused region is greater than 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe. In this case, the sound field can be divided into near field and far field. When the student sets the parameters to a straight probe, the near field length of the straight probe is given by the formula above, where D is the diameter of the circular piezoelectric crystal; λ is the ultrasonic wavelength; and A is the area of ​​the rectangular crystal. When the student sets the parameters to an angled probe, the near field length of the angled probe is given by the formula above, where A is the effective area of ​​the crystal after refraction; λ is the ultrasonic wavelength; A is the crystal area; and β and α are the refraction angle and the incident angle, respectively. The non-diffused region is 1.67 times the near field length (N), and regions greater than 1.67 N are considered diffuse regions.

[0046] The region on the wave source axis where the distance X from the wave source is greater than N is called the far-field region.

[0047] The sound pressure distance along the axis in the far field region increases and decreases monotonically.

[0048] Therefore, no maximum or minimum sound pressure levels will appear on the axis of the far field region.

[0049] The calculation of the reflected wave:

[0050]

[0051] Wherein, P1 is the first sound pressure level, P2 is the second sound pressure level, H1 is the first screen display wave height corresponding to P1, and H2 is the second screen display wave height corresponding to P2; C L1 The longitudinal wave velocity in the first medium, C S1 The first medium transverse wave velocity; the C L2 The C represents the longitudinal wave velocity in the second medium. S2 The transverse wave velocity in the second medium; the α L The longitudinal wave incident angle, α'L β is the longitudinal wave reflection angle. L For the longitudinal wave refraction angle, β s The angle of refraction of the transverse wave is α'. S The angle of reflection of the transverse wave; The echo height on the instrument's oscilloscope screen is proportional to its corresponding sound pressure. At a heterogeneous interface, when incident at an angle, the sine of the angle is proportional to the ratio of the sound velocity of the corresponding wave mode in the same medium.

[0052] The calculation of the transmitted wave:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Z1 is the characteristic impedance of one material, Z2 is the characteristic impedance of another material; R is the sound intensity reflectivity; T is the sound intensity transmittance; P i For the incident wave, the P r For reflected waves, the P t It is a transmitted wave; When ultrasound is incident perpendicularly onto a planar interface, the distribution ratio of sound pressure or sound intensity depends only on the acoustic impedance of the media on both sides of the interface. When ultrasound is incident perpendicularly onto an interface composed of two media with a very small difference in acoustic impedance, it is almost completely transmitted with no reflection. The reciprocating sound pressure transmittance depends on the acoustic impedance of the media on both sides of the interface, and is independent of which medium from which the ultrasound is incident.

[0059] The smaller the difference in acoustic impedance between the media on both sides of the interface, the higher the sound pressure reciprocating transmittance, and vice versa.

[0060] This is because the reciprocating transmittance directly affects the flaw detection sensitivity; high reciprocating transmittance results in high flaw detection sensitivity, and vice versa.

[0061] Reflected wave: When ultrasound propagates from one medium to another, at the interface between the two media, a portion of the energy is reflected back into the original medium; this is called a reflected wave. The method for calculating sound pressure reflectivity is as follows: In this case, the law of reflection (the ratio of the sine of the incident angle to the sine of the reflected angle is equal to the ratio of the speed of sound) states that α i ', α i ', α tThe longitudinal wave incident angle, longitudinal wave reflection angle, and transverse wave reflection angle represent the first medium; c L1 c t1 c L2 c t2 These are the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the first medium, and the longitudinal wave velocity and transverse wave velocity of the second medium, respectively; β i ,β t These are the longitudinal wave refraction angle and the transverse wave refraction angle of the second medium, respectively; transmitted wave: a portion of the energy propagates through the interface into another medium, called a transmitted wave. The distribution of sound energy (sound pressure, sound intensity) and the change in its propagation direction at the interface will follow certain laws; among them, sound pressure reflectivity: the ratio of reflected sound pressure p to incident sound pressure p; sound pressure transmittance: the ratio of transmitted sound pressure p. α The ratio of reflected sound intensity to incident sound pressure p; sound intensity reflectivity: the ratio of reflected sound intensity I to incident sound intensity I α The ratio of the transmitted sound intensity I to the incident sound intensity I; the sound pressure reciprocating transmission rate is the ratio of the returned sound pressure p received by the probe to the incident sound pressure p. Calculation of material degradation:

[0062] The V (m-n) The dB difference in bottom surface echo height between the m-th and n-th times of the dB sample, where α is the material attenuation coefficient.

[0063] The phenomenon that ultrasonic waves gradually weaken in energy as they propagate through a medium is called ultrasonic wave attenuation. In a homogeneous medium, there is a certain proportional relationship between ultrasonic wave attenuation and propagation distance, while the attenuation caused by scattering in a non-homogeneous medium is more complex.

[0064] Meanwhile, this invention also provides an ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation system, including: The teaching assessment system implements the above-mentioned teaching assessment methods, wherein: Virtual demonstration module: Used to allow trainees to intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beams in the workpiece being inspected through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode and debriefing mode, and to understand the theory of ultrasonic testing as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects and their effects S301. Virtual operation module: Used to enable students to simulate actual testing operations and result feedback through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, so as to achieve efficient and high-quality teaching results (S302). Virtual demonstration mode module: Used with MR equipment to immerse trainees as virtual sound beams in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, trainees can scan the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and change its direction through first-person perspective. Using interactive devices, trainees can adjust the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. Defect-focused mode module: Used with MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual objects being picked up and the change process of workpiece defects. Interactive devices are used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. Retrospective Mode Module: Used to perform retrospective analysis based on operation records using computing devices; Interactive Operation Mode Module: This module is used for ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, probe near-field length, reflected wave, transmitted wave, and material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. System Calculation Mode Module: This module is used for the ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module and interactive device that employ MR equipment and computing equipment. The ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module is used for simulating sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of straight probes and the near-field length calculation of angle probes.

[0065] The ultrasonic non-destructive testing system provided in this solution is compatible with most testing conditions, reduces the extra preparation steps for students regarding equipment, simplifies the process to facilitate teaching, allows students to simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, and makes the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results.

[0066] Any technical solution designed by those skilled in the art using the technical solution of this invention, or inspired by the technical solution of this invention, that achieves the above-mentioned technical effects, falls within the protection scope of this invention. It should be noted that the specific embodiments in the examples of this invention can be used in at least partial combinations with each other. The combination and use of the above embodiments, or different combinations thereof, should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation method, characterized in that, include: Virtual demonstration method: Through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode and debriefing mode, trainees can intuitively see the working principle of ultrasonic beam in the workpiece being inspected, and understand the theory of ultrasonic testing as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects and their effects. Virtual operation method: Through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, students can simulate actual testing operations and result feedback, making the operation process data-driven and visualized, achieving efficient and high-quality teaching results.

2. The teaching assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The virtual demonstration method includes: The virtual demonstration mode includes using MR equipment to immerse the trainee as a virtual sound beam in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, the trainee scans the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changes its direction through first-person scanning. At the same time, using interactive equipment, the trainee adjusts the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. The defect-focused mode includes using MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of a virtual object being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual object and the change process of its workpiece defects. At the same time, an interactive device is used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of the virtual object being picked up. The debriefing mode includes using computing devices to perform debriefing analysis based on operation records.

3. The teaching assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The virtual operation method includes: The interactive operation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, the calculation of probe near-field length, the calculation of reflected wave, the calculation of transmitted wave, and the calculation of material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. The system calculation mode includes an ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module using MR equipment and a calculation device, and an interactive device. The ultrasonic detection interactive system calculation module is used to simulate sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of a straight probe and the near-field length calculation of an angled probe.

4. The teaching assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first-person scanning includes: immersing oneself in a sound beam in the first person, scanning the virtual object to be picked up in the first person along a preset trajectory, checking the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and changing its direction in the first person, and controlling the position of the immersed sound beam character in the demonstration in the first person.

5. The teaching assessment method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roles that control the sound beam include: Create a virtual character, set the appearance time and location of the sound beam, and create a virtual perspective for the virtual character; Based on a virtual character, one can immerse oneself in that virtual character; Based on a virtual perspective, the virtual perspective is adjusted to perform a first-person scan of the picked-up item along a preset trajectory.

6. The teaching assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The simulated sound beam calculation includes: Beam angle calculation function: ; Among them, the λ is the beam angle; λ is the ultrasonic wavelength; and D is the diameter of the circular piezoelectric crystal.

7. The teaching assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the near-field region length of the straight probe includes: Function for calculating the near-field length of a straight probe: ； Wherein, A is the area of ​​the rectangular wafer; N1 is the length of the near-field region of the straight probe; The calculation of the near-field region length of the angled probe includes: Function for calculating the near-field length of an angled probe: ； Wherein, A0 is the effective area of ​​the wafer after refraction; A is the wafer area; β is the refraction angle; α is the incident angle; and the non-diffused region is 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe, while the diffused region is greater than 1.67 times the length of the near-field region of the angled probe.

8. The teaching assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation of the reflected wave: ； Wherein, P1 is the first sound pressure level, P2 is the second sound pressure level, H1 is the first screen display wave height corresponding to P1, and H2 is the second screen display wave height corresponding to P2; C L1 The longitudinal wave velocity in the first medium, C S1 The first medium transverse wave velocity; the C L2 The C represents the longitudinal wave velocity in the second medium. S2 The transverse wave velocity in the second medium; the α L The longitudinal wave incident angle, α' L β is the longitudinal wave reflection angle. L β is the longitudinal wave refraction angle. s The angle of refraction of the transverse wave is α'. S This is the transverse wave reflection angle.

9. The teaching assessment method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Calculation of material degradation: ； The V (m-n) The dB difference in bottom surface echo height between the m-th and n-th echoes of the dB sample, where α is the material attenuation coefficient.

10. An ultrasonic non-destructive teaching evaluation system, characterized in that, include: The teaching assessment system implements the teaching assessment method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: Virtual demonstration module: This module allows trainees to visually observe the working principle of ultrasonic beams in the workpiece being inspected through virtual demonstration mode, defect topic mode, and debriefing mode, and to understand the theory of ultrasonic testing, as well as the material properties of the workpiece being inspected, the causes of defects, and their impact. Virtual operation module: It is used to enable students to simulate actual testing operations and result feedback through interactive operation mode and system calculation mode, so as to make the operation process data-driven and visualized, and achieve efficient and high-quality teaching results. Virtual demonstration mode module: Used with MR equipment to immerse trainees as virtual sound beams in a virtual scene. Based on the virtual sound beam role, trainees can scan the surrounding scene of the virtual object to be picked up and change its direction through first-person perspective. Using interactive devices, trainees can adjust the position of the virtual sound beam role in the virtual scene by controlling the sound beam role. Defect-focused mode module: Used with MR equipment to observe the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. The defect generation process includes the formation process of material defects in the virtual objects being picked up and the change process of workpiece defects. Interactive devices are used to adjust the progress and perspective of the defect generation process of virtual objects being picked up. Retrospective Mode Module: Used to perform retrospective analysis based on operation records using computing devices; Interactive Operation Mode Module: This module is used for ultrasonic testing interactive operating system and interactive device using MR equipment and computing equipment. Based on the operation of ultrasonic test blocks in the real environment, it calls the calculation of simulated sound beam, probe near-field length, reflected wave, transmitted wave, and material attenuation. It observes the real-time interactive feedback of the detection effect of the simulated sound beam in the virtual test block and displays the detection parameters. System Calculation Mode Module: This module is used for the ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module and interactive device that employ MR equipment and computing equipment. The ultrasonic testing interactive system calculation module is used for simulating sound beam calculation, probe near-field length calculation, reflected wave calculation, transmitted wave calculation, and material attenuation calculation. The probe near-field length calculation includes the near-field length calculation of straight probes and the near-field length calculation of angle probes.

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