Electron gun, vacuum electron device, radio frequency module and communication device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application provide an electron gun, a vacuum electron device, a radio frequency module and a communication device, and relate to the field of communication. The electron gun comprises a shell, a cathode and a cathode seat. The shell, the cathode and the cathode seat are coaxially arranged, and the cathode and the cathode seat are arranged in the shell. In the axial direction of a reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the cathode seat is fixedly connected to an end wall of the shell, and the other end of the cathode is fixedly connected to the cathode seat. The shell has an electron beam passage, the electron beam passage is located outside the cathode in the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the cathode is used for emitting electrons outward along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the electron beam passage is used for supplying the electrons to pass through. The axial coordinate axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system coincides with the axis of the shell. In this way, the current emitted by the electron gun can meet the gain requirement of the radio frequency signal, and the current density of the current emitted by the electron gun is relatively low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an electron gun, a vacuum electronic device, a radio frequency module, and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] Vacuum electronic devices such as traveling wave tubes, klystrons, and backward wave tubes can be used to process radio frequency signals and are commonly used in the field of communications.

[0003] The electron gun is an important component of vacuum electronic devices such as traveling wave tubes, klystrons, and backward wave tubes. It is used to generate electrons and form electron beams, which can then interact with radio frequency (RF) signals to improve their gain. In related technologies, to meet the gain requirements of RF signals within a short path, the electron gun often emits a high current density. However, a high current density is not conducive to current focusing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an electron gun, a vacuum electronic device, a radio frequency module, and a communication device, which enables the electron gun to emit current that meets the gain requirements of the radio frequency signal while maintaining a low current density.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides an electron gun, which includes a housing, a cathode, and a cathode holder. The housing, cathode, and cathode holder are coaxially arranged, with the cathode and cathode holder disposed within the housing. Along the axial direction of a reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the cathode holder is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing, and the cathode is fixedly connected to the other end of the cathode holder. The housing has an electron beam channel located radially outside the cathode in the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The cathode emits electrons radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the electron beam channel allows electrons to pass through. The axial coordinate axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system coincides with the axis of the housing.

[0006] The electron gun provided in this application embodiment has an electron emitting surface located on the peripheral surface of the cathode. By using the peripheral surface of the cathode, which has a large area, to emit electrons, a smaller voltage can be used to make the cathode emit a larger current value and a smaller current density. The current emitted by the cathode can meet the gain requirements of the radio frequency signal, while the current emitted by the cathode can be easily focused.

[0007] By placing the cathode holder inside the housing, the cathode is fixedly connected to the housing via the cathode holder, which facilitates the placement of the cathode in a radial position relative to the electron beam channel along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, so that electrons emitted by the cathode can flow into the electron beam channel.

[0008] By fixing one end of the cathode holder to the end wall of the housing and fixing the cathode to the other end of the cathode holder, and setting the cathode holder and the housing coaxially, it is convenient to use the end wall of the housing as an assembly base for assembly. The cathode holder and the cathode can be stacked on the end wall of the housing along the axial direction of the housing through the same reference axis to achieve the assembly of the housing, cathode holder and cathode, which helps to reduce the assembly error of the electron gun. In addition, the number of fixtures required to complete the assembly is small, and the assembly of the cathode, cathode holder and housing is relatively easy.

[0009] By housing both the cathode holder and the cathode within the outer casing, and connecting the cathode to the end wall of the casing via the cathode holder, the peripheral wall of the electron gun does not need to be formed by stacking and splicing components such as the outer casing and cathode holder. This simplifies the formation of the peripheral wall and reduces the number of sealing connections required, making the sealing of the peripheral wall easier and less prone to failure. Furthermore, with both the cathode holder and the cathode housed within the casing, the casing provides better protection for them, preventing damage from exposure on the casing surface and improving the reliability of the electron gun.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the housing includes an anode structure. At least a portion of the anode structure is located outside the cathode radially along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The anode structure accelerates electrons emitted from the cathode, causing them to form an electron beam that propagates radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. In this configuration, the anode of the electron gun is integrated with the housing, reducing the number of components and simplifying the electron gun's structure. Furthermore, reducing the number of components decreases the number of assembly steps and the necessary fixtures, thus reducing assembly errors and difficulty. Additionally, the reduced number of components also allows for a smaller overall size of the electron gun.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the end wall of the housing has a first connecting hole that connects the inner cavity of the housing to the space outside the housing. The end wall of the housing also has a connecting area surrounding the first connecting hole, and the cathode holder is fixed and sealed to the connecting area. The first connecting hole can be used for wiring, facilitating the connection of components inside the housing to external circuits. Furthermore, by sealing the cathode holder to the connecting area, it is easier to achieve a seal between the housing and the cathode holder at the first connecting hole when the end wall of the housing has one, making it easier to seal the electron gun.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the first connecting hole is coaxial with the housing, so that in addition to being used for wiring, the first connecting hole can also be used to coaxially position the housing and components such as the cathode holder, which is beneficial to achieving the coaxial setting of the housing and components such as the cathode holder.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the cathode holder has a second connecting hole that extends through both ends of the cathode holder along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The second connecting hole communicates with the first connecting hole, and the cathode and cathode holder are sealed together. The second connecting hole can be used for wiring, facilitating connection of the cathode to external circuitry. Furthermore, by sealing the cathode and cathode holder together, it is easier to achieve a seal between the cathode and cathode holder at the second connecting hole, making it easier to seal the electron gun.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the second connecting hole is coaxial with the cathode holder, so that the second connecting hole can be used not only for wiring, but also for coaxial positioning of the cathode holder with components such as the cathode and the housing, which is beneficial to achieving coaxial setting of the cathode holder with components such as the cathode and the housing.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the electron gun also includes a cathode support cylinder. The cathode support cylinder is coaxial with the cathode and fixedly connected to it. The cathode support cylinder passes through a second connecting hole and is sleeved onto the cathode seat. Thus, the cathode can be coaxially assembled with the cathode seat through the sleeved connection of the cathode support cylinder. In this case, the assembly of the cathode and cathode support cylinder can be completed simply by nesting the cathode support cylinder and cathode seat along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, reducing the assembly dimensions of the cathode and helping to reduce assembly errors in the electron gun. Reducing the assembly dimensions of the cathode decreases the number of fixtures required for assembly, making cathode assembly easier.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the cathode comprises multiple electron emitting surfaces spaced angularly along a reference cylindrical coordinate system. These surfaces emit electrons, and the electrons emitted by each surface form an electron beam that propagates radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Thus, the cathode can emit multiple electron beams discretely distributed angularly along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, facilitating the processing of multiple radio frequency signals. Furthermore, the multiple electron emitting surfaces spaced angularly along the reference cylindrical coordinate system can share the focusing electrode and anode of the electron gun. This means that the same focusing electrode and anode can be used to achieve the emission of multiple electron beams, simplifying the structure and reducing the cost of the electron gun capable of emitting multiple electron beams.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the cathode also includes an input port, with multiple electron emitting surfaces electrically connected to the same input port. The potentials of the multiple electron emitting surfaces are equal when they emit electrons, making it easier to control the multiple electron emitting surfaces that are angularly spaced along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the cathode is a circular structure. The cathode includes an electron emitting surface that surrounds the cathode angularly along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. This electron emitting surface is used to emit electrons. In this way, the area of ​​the electron emitting surface is relatively large, which is beneficial for emitting a large current with a low current density using a relatively small voltage.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the electron gun also includes a focusing electrode, which is insulated from the cathode. The focusing electrode is housed within the casing, providing better protection and preventing damage from exposure to the casing surface, thus improving the reliability of the electron gun. The casing also facilitates the initial focusing of electrons emitted from the cathode within the casing. The focusing electrode is coaxial with the cathode holder, located radially outside the cathode holder in the reference cylindrical coordinate system, further facilitating the initial focusing of electrons emitted radially outward from the cathode. The focusing electrode is fitted onto the cathode holder. This fitting allows for assembly of the focusing electrode simply by nesting it along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, reducing the assembly dimensions and minimizing assembly errors. The reduced assembly dimensions also reduce the number of fixtures required for assembly, making assembly easier. Furthermore, the ring-shaped structure of the focusing electrode facilitates easy manufacturing and reduces cost. In addition, the focusing electrode is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing through the cathode seat. The end wall of the housing can be used as a base for the focusing electrode assembly, so that the assembly of the focusing electrode does not easily affect the formation and sealing of the peripheral wall of the electron gun.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the cathode holder includes a first isolation portion, a second isolation portion, and a columnar portion. The first isolation portion, the second isolation portion, and the columnar portion are coaxially arranged with the housing. The first and second isolation portions are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the columnar portion along its axial direction. The focusing electrode is located radially outside the columnar portion in the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and is sleeved on the columnar portion, positioned between the first and second isolation portions. Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the first isolation portion is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing, the focusing electrode is fixedly connected to the other end of the first isolation portion, and the cathode is fixedly connected to the end of the second isolation portion away from the focusing electrode. The focusing electrode is insulated from the housing through the first isolation portion, and from the cathode through the second isolation portion. This facilitates the assembly of the focusing electrode, cathode, cathode holder, and housing, as well as the mutual insulation between the housing, focusing electrode, and cathode.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the housing, cathode holder, and cathode are used to enclose and form a vacuum cavity, which includes an electron beam channel. This makes it relatively easy to create a vacuum environment for electron beam transmission. In this case, other devices can be placed within the vacuum cavity enclosed by the cathode holder and cathode to form a vacuum electronic device. The housing of the vacuum electronic device requires fewer sealing points, making sealing easier and less prone to failure.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the vacuum chamber further includes a collection space for accommodating a collecting electrode. The collection space is located radially outside the electron beam channel in the reference cylindrical coordinate system and is in communication with the electron beam channel. In this way, the collecting electrode can be encapsulated within a housing, and the vacuum environment for electron beam transmission can be created without requiring a sealed connection between the collecting electrode and the housing. The housing of the vacuum electronic device including the collecting electrode requires fewer sealing points, making sealing of the vacuum electronic device easier and less prone to failure.

[0023] In one possible implementation, a first annular groove is formed on the outer surface of one end wall of the housing, and a second annular groove is formed on the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing. Both the first and second annular grooves are coaxial with the housing.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the cathode holder is made of an insulating material. The cathode holder is used to insulate the cathode, focusing electrode, and anode structure from each other, so that no other insulating structure is needed between the cathode, focusing electrode, and anode structure. This simplifies the structure of the electron gun and helps reduce the assembly difficulty and size of the electron gun.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the outer casing includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing is located at one end of the second housing along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first housing and the second housing are fixedly and sealingly connected, and the first housing and the second housing enclose an inner cavity forming the outer casing. Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, cathode seats are provided between the cathode and the first housing, and between the cathode and the second housing. The two ends of the cathode seat located between the first housing and the cathode are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode and the first housing, respectively. The two ends of the cathode seat located between the second housing and the cathode are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode and the second housing, respectively. This facilitates the assembly of components such as the cathode and cathode seats within the outer casing.

[0026] A second aspect of this application provides a vacuum electronic device, which includes a collector electrode and an electron gun as described in any of the above embodiments. The collector electrode is coaxially disposed with the outer casing of the electron gun, and is located radially outside the cathode of the electron gun in the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The collector electrode is fixedly connected to the outer casing. Along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron beam channel of the electron gun is located between the collector electrode and the cathode to facilitate the recovery of electron energy emitted radially from the cathode along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the collector is fitted onto the housing. This fitting allows for assembly of the collector simply by nesting it along the axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, reducing the assembly dimensions and thus minimizing assembly errors in vacuum electronic devices. Reducing the assembly dimensions also decreases the number of fixtures required for assembly, making the assembly process easier.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the collecting electrode is located within the collecting space of the electron gun.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the collecting electrode includes a collecting electrode and an insulating isolator. The insulating isolator is disposed between the collecting electrode and the housing, and the collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the housing through the insulating isolator. By providing the insulating isolator, it is easy to achieve insulating assembly between the collecting electrode and the housing, and to allow the collecting electrode and the housing to be at different potentials, so as to facilitate the collection electrode to recover electron energy.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the vacuum electronic device also includes a collection lead. The housing has a wiring hole connecting the inner cavity of the housing to the external space, and the collection lead passes through the wiring hole. A conductive structure is embedded within the insulating isolator; one end of the conductive structure is electrically connected to the collection electrode, and the other end is electrically connected to the collection lead. This facilitates the connection between the collection electrode and an external circuit. Furthermore, the conductive structure being embedded within the insulating isolator allows for a single structural component to be integrated with the insulating isolator before assembly to the housing, reducing the number of soldering operations and making the connection between the collection electrode and the external circuit easier.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the collector comprises multiple collecting electrodes arranged radially from the inside out along a reference cylindrical coordinate system, with adjacent collecting electrodes being insulated from each other. Thus, the multiple collecting electrodes can be used to collect electrons from different energy levels, resulting in high energy recovery efficiency and minimal electron backflow.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the collecting electrode includes a first collecting section and a second collecting section. The first collecting section is disposed within a first housing of the electron gun, and the second collecting section is disposed within a second housing of the electron gun. This facilitates the assembly of the collecting electrode to recover the electron energy transmitted to it.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the vacuum electronic device further includes a first annular magnet and a second annular magnet. The first and second annular magnets are coaxially arranged with the outer casing, and are respectively located on opposite sides of the electron beam channel along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Both the first and second annular magnets are fixedly connected to the outer casing, and are radially magnetized along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Thus, the magnetic fields generated by the first and second annular magnets can be used to focus the electron beam transmitted within the electron beam channel. The direction of the magnetic fields generated by the first and second annular magnets is the same as the transmission direction of the electron beam within the electron beam channel. The long path of the magnetic fields on the electron beam transmitted within the electron beam channel makes it less prone to divergence during radial transmission along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, facilitating uninterrupted transmission of the electron beam. This allows the electron beam to cluster in the direction of interaction with the radio frequency signal and gradually release energy. The interaction between the electron beam transmitted within the electron beam channel and the radio frequency signal transmitted within the transducer structure is relatively sufficient, resulting in a high gain for the radio frequency signal output by the vacuum electronic device. Furthermore, by using two annular magnets radially magnetized along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron beam propagating radially along the reference cylindrical coordinate system can be focused. This reduces the number of components in the focusing assembly, minimizing assembly steps and the number of fixtures required, making assembly easier and reducing assembly errors. This facilitates more stable electron beam focusing. Additionally, using two annular magnets radially magnetized along the reference cylindrical coordinate system eliminates the need for additional peak magnetic field adjustment, making assembly and adjustment of the focusing assembly easier and less costly. Moreover, the first and second annular magnets are ring-shaped, making them easier to manufacture and form, further reducing costs.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the first and second annular magnets are located outside the cathode along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, such that the magnetic fields generated by the first and second annular magnets do not easily affect the electrons emitted by the cathode.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the first annular magnet is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end wall of the housing, and the second annular magnet is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing. Thus, the first and second annular magnets are assembled using the end walls of the housing as assembly bases. They can be coaxially assembled to the housing using the same reference axis as the cathode and cathode holder, which helps reduce assembly errors in vacuum electronic devices. Furthermore, the number of fixtures required for assembly is reduced, and the assembly of the first and second annular magnets is easier.

[0036] In one possible implementation, along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the first annular magnet is positioned in a first annular groove of the electron gun near the electron beam channel, and the second annular magnet is positioned in a second annular groove of the electron gun near the electron beam channel. This allows for a smaller distance between the first and second annular magnets and the electron beam channel, resulting in a stronger magnetic field for focusing the electron beam at the electron beam channel, which is beneficial for focusing electron beams with larger current values. Furthermore, it reduces the axial dimensions of the vacuum electronic device in the reference cylindrical coordinate system, facilitating miniaturization. Additionally, by providing the first and second annular grooves, the first and second annular magnets can be fitted onto the outer casing. This allows for assembly of the first and second annular magnets simply by nesting them along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, reducing the assembly dimensions and minimizing assembly errors in the vacuum electronic device. The reduced assembly dimensions also reduce the number of fixtures required for assembly, making the assembly of the first and second annular magnets easier.

[0037] A third aspect of this application provides a radio frequency module, which includes an electron gun or a vacuum electronic device as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0038] A fourth aspect of this application provides a communication device, wherein the radio frequency module includes the radio frequency module in any of the above embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an electron gun provided for an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the electron gun provided in the document;

[0043] Figure 5 For including Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device for an electron gun provided in the image;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of an electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of another electron gun provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 9 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another vacuum electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0048] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A simulation diagram of the radial magnetic flux density of the vacuum electronic device in the reference cylindrical coordinate system provided in the diagram;

[0049] Figure 11 A simulation diagram illustrating the current value and iteration number of a vacuum electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 12 for Figure 11 A simulation diagram of the transmission of an electron beam generated by a vacuum electronic device provided in the diagram from one perspective.

[0051] Figure 13 for Figure 11 A simulation diagram of the transmission of electron beams generated by vacuum electronic devices provided in the diagram from another perspective;

[0052] Figure 14 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 15 For including Figure 14 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device for an electron gun provided in the image;

[0054] Figure 16 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another vacuum electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0055] Figure 17 for Figure 16 The diagram shows the arrangement of the collector electrodes of the vacuum electronic device provided.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0057] 1. Radio frequency module; 2. Antenna;

[0058] 10. Baseband; 20. Mid-frequency module; 30. Vacuum electronic devices; 31. Transducer structure;

[0059] 100. Electron gun;

[0060] 110. Outer shell; 111. Anode structure; 112. Connection area; 113. First shell; 114. Second shell;

[0061] 120. Cathode; 121. Cathode emitter; 1211. Electron emitting surface; 122. Input port; 123. Thermal element;

[0062] 130, Cathode base; 130a, First cathode base; 130b, Second cathode base; 131, First isolation section; 132, Second isolation section; 133, Columnar section;

[0063] 140. Focusing electrode;

[0064] 150. Cathode support cylinder;

[0065] 200, collecting electrode; 210, collecting electrode; 210a, first collecting electrode; 210b, second collecting electrode; 210c, third collecting electrode; 220, insulating separator; 221, first insulating section; 222, second insulating section; 230, conductive structure; 230a, first conductive structure; 230b, second conductive structure; 230c, third conductive structure; 240, first collecting section; 250, second collecting section;

[0066] 300, collecting lead; 300a, first collecting lead; 300b, second collecting lead; 300c, third collecting lead;

[0067] 400. Focusing component; 410. First annular magnet; 420. Second annular magnet;

[0068] C1, Electron injection channel; C2, Collection space; C21, Collection channel;

[0069] H1, first connecting hole; H2, second connecting hole;

[0070] G1, First annular groove; G2, Second annular groove;

[0071] L, electronic injection;

[0072] z, the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system; r, the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system; φ, the angular direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The terminology used in the implementation section of this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. The implementation of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] This application provides a communication device that can be applied to communication systems, such as Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), 5th Generation (5G), New Radio (NR), Future Communication Systems, Inter-Satellite Communication Systems, and Satellite Communication Systems.

[0075] The communication equipment includes, but is not limited to, network equipment, satellite payloads, and radar. Network equipment includes, but is not limited to, transmission reception points (TRPs), transmission points (TPs), mobile switching centers, access network equipment, base transceiver stations (BTSs), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs or eNBs), radio frequency base stations, microwave base stations, millimeter-wave base stations, and terahertz base stations. Satellite payloads refer to instruments, equipment, or systems carried on satellites to perform specific tasks; these satellites include, but are not limited to, communication satellites and meteorological satellites. This communication equipment can be applied to wireless communication scenarios such as microwave backhaul, wireless access, satellite communication, and public transportation, and can meet wireless communication applications such as point-to-point (P2P) or point-to-multipoint (P2MP).

[0076] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, the communication device includes a radio frequency (RF) module 1 and an antenna 2, with the antenna 2 used for transmitting and receiving RF signals. The RF module 1 includes a vacuum electronic device 30, which is coupled to the antenna 2. The vacuum electronic device 30 can be used to generate RF signals or process externally input RF signals. The vacuum electronic device 30 is also used to transmit the RF signal to be transmitted to the antenna 2. Exemplarily, the vacuum electronic device 30 may include, but is not limited to, a traveling wave tube (TWT), a klystron, or a backwave tube.

[0078] When the vacuum electronic device 30 is a traveling wave tube, klystron, or other device that can process externally input radio frequency (RF) signals, the RF module 1 also includes a baseband 10 and an intermediate radio frequency (IRF) module 20. The baseband 10 can be used to encode and pre-distort the input signal, and then transmit the processed signal to the IRF module 20. The IRF module 20 can perform digital-to-analog conversion, up-conversion, amplification, and filtering of the phase signal from the baseband 10, and input RF signals that meet the operating requirements of the vacuum electronic device 30 to the vacuum electronic device 30. The vacuum electronic device 30 can amplify the RF signal from the IRF module 20 and then transmit the processed RF signal to the antenna 2. The antenna 2 radiates the processed RF signal from the vacuum electronic device 30 into free space. This embodiment uses a traveling wave tube as an example for illustration.

[0079] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, the vacuum electronic device 30 includes an electron gun 100 and a collector 200. An electron beam channel C1 is formed between the electron gun 100 and the collector 200, and a transducer structure 31 is provided within the electron beam channel C1. For example, the transducer structure 31 can be a slow-wave structure (SWS). A focusing component 400 is provided on the outside of the electron beam channel C1. The electron gun 100 is used to emit electrons toward the collector 200 and to form an electron beam L (e.g., electrons that propagate toward the collector 200) (e.g., electrons that propagate toward the collector 200). Figure 12 As shown in the diagram, electron beam channel C1 is used for electrons emitted by electron gun 100 to pass through. Transducer structure 31 is used to allow the radio frequency signal transmitted within transducer structure 31 to interact with the electron beam L transmitted within electron beam channel C1, thereby processing the radio frequency signal transmitted within transducer structure 31. For example, the radio frequency signal transmitted within transducer structure 31 can absorb the energy of the electron beam L transmitted within electron beam channel C1, thereby amplifying the radio frequency signal transmitted within transducer structure 31. Focusing component 400 is used to focus electron beam L so that electron beam L transmitted within electron beam channel C1 can fully interact with the radio frequency signal transmitted within transducer structure 31. Collector electrode 200 is used to recover the energy of electrons.

[0081] In other examples, the transducer structure 31 can be a slow-wave structure or a resonant cavity structure, etc.

[0082] For example, the vacuum electronic device 30 also includes an output device (not shown) coupled to the transducer structure 31 and the antenna 2. The output device is used to transmit the radio frequency signal processed by the transducer structure 31 to the antenna 2.

[0083] In some examples, the vacuum electronic device 30 also includes an input device (not shown), and the input device and the output device are coupled to the two ends of the transducer structure 31, respectively. The input device is also coupled to the intermediate radio frequency module 20, which is used to input radio frequency signals to the transducer structure 31 through the input device, so as to input external radio frequency signals into the vacuum electronic device 30.

[0084] In other examples, for instance, when the vacuum electronic device 30 is a device for generating radio frequency signals, the vacuum electronic device 30 may not include an input device, and the vacuum electronic device 30 may generate radio frequency signals by itself.

[0085] Taking the vacuum electronic device 30 as a traveling wave tube and the transducer structure 31 as a slow wave structure as an example, in the initial stage of the interaction between the radio frequency signal transmitted in the transducer structure 31 and the electron beam L transmitted in the electron beam channel C1, the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal modulates the velocity of the electrons emitted from the electron gun 100. Because the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal exerts different forces on electrons of different phases, the velocities of electrons of different phases change differently. At this time, the electrons absorb some energy from the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal, causing the radio frequency signal to weaken. After a period of interaction between the radio frequency signal transmitted in the transducer structure 31 and the electron beam L transmitted in the electron beam channel C1, the electrons in the electron beam channel C1 drift a certain distance, and electrons with the same or similar velocities gradually cluster together. Furthermore, the main energy of the electrons enters the deceleration field. At this point, the energy transferred by the electrons to the radio frequency signal is greater than the energy absorbed by the electrons from the radio frequency signal. Overall, the electrons transfer energy to the radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is amplified, and the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency signal is strengthened. When the electromagnetic field of the radio frequency (RF) signal is amplified, it strengthens the modulation of electron velocity, thereby accelerating electron aggregation and causing electrons to decelerate more quickly. This results in electrons transferring more energy to the RF signal. Overall, the interaction between the electron aggregation and the RF signal's electromagnetic field continuously strengthens each other; this region of interaction between the electron aggregation and the RF signal can be called the linear amplification region. In some examples, the transducer structure 31 may be equipped with cutoff and concentrated attenuators (not shown). These cutoff and concentrated attenuators can be used to absorb reflected waves from the RF signal's electromagnetic field, reducing parasitic oscillations. When the transducer structure 31 has cutoff and concentrated attenuators, although the RF signal's electromagnetic waves are absorbed, the aggregated electrons still aggregate after passing through the cutoff and concentrated attenuators, quickly exciting and amplifying the electromagnetic field on the transducer structure 31. As the interaction between the electron beam L and the radio frequency (RF) signal accumulates to a certain extent, the rate of increase in the excitation electromagnetic field gradually slows down. Eventually, the electrons absorb the electromagnetic energy of the RF signal, while the RF signal's electromagnetic wave amplitude initially increases, reaches a peak, and then gradually decreases, exhibiting a saturation phenomenon. This interaction region between the electron beam L and the RF signal can be called the nonlinear amplification region. Overall, the interaction between the electron beam L and the RF signal manifests as the electrons transferring energy to the RF signal, amplifying the RF signal, and strengthening its electromagnetic field.

[0086] In related technologies, an electron gun includes a cathode, with a collector located on one side of the cathode's axial direction. The cathode emits electrons along its axial direction; that is, the electron-emitting surface of the cathode is located at its end face. To meet the gain requirements of the radio frequency (RF) signal over a short path, the current interacting with the RF signal needs to be large, meaning the cathode needs to generate a large current. Since the area of ​​the cathode's end face is often small, the area of ​​the electron-emitting surface is also often small. Therefore, to generate a large current, the current density emitted by the cathode often needs to be large. However, a large current density is detrimental to the focusing assembly's ability to concentrate the current.

[0087] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application. In the figure, the coordinate system indicated by the dashed line is a reference cylindrical coordinate system, the z-direction is the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the r-direction is the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the φ-direction is the angular direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The electron gun 100 has a cylindrical structure, and the axis of the electron gun 100 coincides with the axial z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0088] like Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of this application, the electron gun 100 includes a housing 110, which has a columnar structure, for example, the housing 110 may be cylindrical. The axial z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system coincides with the axis of the housing 110.

[0089] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The cross-sectional diagram of the electron gun provided in the document. Figure 5 For including Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device for an electron gun is provided in the image. Figure 4 , Figure 5 The cross section in the diagram is the section containing the axis of the electron gun 100.

[0090] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown in this embodiment, the electron gun 100 includes a cathode 120, which emits electrons toward the collector 200, and an electron beam channel C1 for the electrons emitted by the cathode 120 to pass through. Specifically, the cathode 120 includes an electron emitting surface 1211, which is opposite to the collector 200. The electron beam channel C1 is located between the electron emitting surface 1211 and the collector 200, and the electron emitting surface 1211 emits electrons toward the collector 200.

[0091] For example, the cathode 120 can be a hot cathode or a cold cathode.

[0092] For example, the cathode 120 can be in the form of a columnar structure, such as a cylindrical structure, in which case the cathode 120 is a circular structure.

[0093] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the cathode 120 is disposed within the housing 110 and coaxially arranged with the housing 110. The housing 110 has an electron beam channel C1, that is, the housing 110 is used to form the channel wall of the electron beam channel C1. The electron beam channel C1 is located outside the cathode 120 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The cathode 120 is used to emit electrons outward in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, that is, the electron emission surface 1211 is located on the circumferential surface of the cathode 120.

[0094] In the embodiments of this application, the end face of a component or structure refers to the surface located on one side of the axial direction of the object being described. The object being described may have two end faces, which are located on opposite sides of the axial direction of the object being described. The peripheral surface of a component or structure refers to the surface located between the two end faces of the object being described and connecting the two end faces. For example, the two end faces of the cathode 120 are the surfaces located on opposite sides of the axial direction of the cathode 120, and the peripheral surface of the cathode 120 is the surface located between the two end faces of the cathode 120 and connecting the two end faces of the cathode 120. When the cathode 120 has a cylindrical structure, the peripheral surface of the cathode 120 is the surface extending along the angular direction of the cathode 120.

[0095] The electron emitting surface 1211 is located on the peripheral surface of the cathode 120. By utilizing the relatively large peripheral surface of the cathode 120 to emit electrons, when the current value generated by the cathode 120 remains unchanged, the current density of the current emitted by the cathode 120 is relatively small due to the large area of ​​the surface used for emitting electrons. In other words, a relatively small voltage can be used to make the cathode 120 emit a current with a large value and a small current density. The current emitted by the cathode 120 can meet the gain requirements of the radio frequency signal, and the current emitted by the cathode 120 can be focused relatively easily.

[0096] Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron emitting surface 1211 is positioned opposite to the electron beam channel C1 so that the electrons emitted by the electron emitting surface 1211 can enter the electron beam channel C1.

[0097] The electron gun 100 also includes a cathode holder 130, which is disposed inside the housing 110 and coaxially arranged with the housing 110. Along the axis z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the cathode holder 130 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110, and the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the other end of the cathode holder 130. The cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the housing 110 through the cathode holder 130.

[0098] By placing the cathode holder 130 inside the housing 110, the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the housing 110 via the cathode holder 130, which facilitates setting the cathode 120 at a position relative to the electron beam channel C1 along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0099] By fixing one end of the cathode holder 130 to the end wall of the housing 110 and fixing the cathode 120 to the other end of the cathode holder 130, and by setting the cathode holder 130 and the housing 110 coaxially, it is convenient to use the end wall of the housing 110 as an assembly base for assembly. The cathode holder 130 and the cathode 120 can be stacked on the end wall of the housing 110 along the axial direction of the housing 110 through the same reference axis to achieve the assembly of the housing 110, the cathode holder 130 and the cathode 120. This helps to reduce the assembly error of the electron gun 100. In addition, the number of fixtures required to complete the assembly is small, and the assembly of the cathode 120, the cathode holder 130 and the housing 110 is relatively easy.

[0100] By housing both the cathode holder 130 and the cathode 120 within the outer casing 110, and connecting the cathode 120 to the end wall of the outer casing 110 via the cathode holder 130, the peripheral wall of the electron gun 100 does not need to be formed by stacking and splicing components such as the outer casing 110 and the cathode holder 130. This simplifies the formation of the peripheral wall of the electron gun 100, reduces the number of sealing connections required, and makes sealing of the peripheral wall easier and less prone to failure. Furthermore, with both the cathode holder 130 and the cathode 120 housed within the outer casing 110, the outer casing 110 provides better protection for them, preventing damage from exposure on the surface of the outer casing 110 and thus improving the reliability of the electron gun 100.

[0101] In this embodiment, the end wall of the electron gun 100 and its components is a shell wall located at one end of the axial direction of the object being described. The object being described may include two end walls, which are located at opposite ends of the axial direction of the object. In addition to the end walls, the object being described also includes a peripheral wall, which is a shell wall located between the two end walls and connecting them. For example, the end wall of the housing 110 is a shell wall located at one end of the axial direction of the housing 110, and the peripheral wall of the housing 110 is a shell wall located between the two end walls and connecting them. When the housing 110 is a cylindrical structure, the peripheral wall of the housing 110 is a shell wall extending along the angular direction of the housing 110.

[0102] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the cathode 120 includes a cathode emitter 121, which is connected to the end of the cathode base 130. The cathode emitter 121 includes the cathode emitting surface.

[0103] In the example where the cathode 120 is a hot cathode, the cathode 120 also includes a heat source 123 located at the center of the cathode emitter 121. That is, the heat source 123 is located inside the cathode emitter 121 along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The heat source 123 is connected to the cathode emitter 121 through an insulating and thermally conductive structural component (e.g., a ceramic structural component). The heat source 123 can generate heat under the action of an external electric field. The heat source 123 is used to heat the cathode emitter 121 so that the electron emitting surface 1211 emits electrons. The heat source 123 may have thermal insulation structural layers at both ends of the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0104] In the example where the cathode 120 is a cold cathode, the cathode 120 does not include the thermal element 123, and the cathode emitter 121 can emit electrons from the electron emitting surface 1211 under the action of an external electric field.

[0105] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, exemplarily, along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, both ends of the cathode 120 are connected to cathode seats 130, and both ends of the cathode 120 are fixedly connected to the end walls of both ends of the housing 110 through the connected cathode seats 130. Specifically, one of the two cathode seats 130 located between the two ends of the cathode 120 and the housing 110 is a first cathode seat 130a and the other is a second cathode seat 130b. One end of the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the end wall of one end of the housing 110 through the first cathode seat 130a, and the other end of the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the other end of the housing 110 through the second cathode seat 130b.

[0106] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the electron gun 100 also includes a focusing electrode 140, which is insulated from the cathode 120. The focusing electrode 140 is used to initially focus the electrons emitted by the cathode 120.

[0107] For example, the potentials of the cathode 120 and the focusing electrode 140 may be the same or different.

[0108] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the focusing electrode 140 is disposed within the housing 110. By disposing of the focusing electrode 140 within the housing 110, the housing 110 can provide better protection for the focusing electrode 140, preventing damage caused by it being exposed on the surface of the housing 110, thus improving the reliability of the electron gun 100. Furthermore, the focusing electrode 140 disposed within the housing 110 also facilitates the initial focusing of electrons emitted from the cathode 120 within the housing 110.

[0109] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the focusing electrode 140 is coaxial with the cathode holder 130. The focusing electrode 140 is located outside the cathode holder 130 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, so as to initially focus the electrons emitted by the cathode 120 toward the radial direction r outside the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0110] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the focusing electrode 140 is sleeved on the cathode holder 130. That is to say, the focusing electrode 140 is a ring structure. The focusing electrode 140 and the cathode holder 130 are nested together. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the inner wall of the focusing electrode 140 is used to abut against the outer wall of the cathode holder 130 so that the focusing electrode 140 and the cathode holder 130 are coaxially positioned.

[0111] In this way, by nesting the focusing electrode 140 with the cathode holder 130, the assembly of the focusing electrode 140 can be completed simply by nesting the focusing electrode 140 with the cathode holder 130 along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. This reduces the assembly dimensions of the focusing electrode 140 and helps to reduce the assembly error of the electron gun 100. Reducing the assembly dimensions of the focusing electrode 140 also reduces the number of fixtures required for assembly, making the assembly of the focusing electrode 140 easier. Furthermore, the focusing electrode 140 has a ring-shaped structure, which is easy to process and has low cost. Additionally, the focusing electrode 140 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110 via the cathode holder 130. The end wall of the housing 110 can be used as a base for the assembly of the focusing electrode 140, making the assembly of the focusing electrode 140 less likely to affect the formation and sealing of the peripheral wall of the electron gun 100.

[0112] For example, the focusing electrode 140 has a ring-shaped structure.

[0113] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, for example, each of the cathode seats 130 connected to both ends of the cathode 120 is fitted with a focusing electrode 140. That is, the first cathode seat 130a is fitted with a focusing electrode 140, and the second cathode seat 130b is fitted with a focusing electrode 140. The focusing electrode 140 fitted to the first cathode seat 130a and the focusing electrode 140 fitted to the second cathode seat 130b interact with each other, which can achieve preliminary focusing of electrons emitted by the cathode 120.

[0114] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in some possible embodiments, the housing 110 includes an anode structure 111. At least a portion of the anode structure 111 is located outside the cathode 120 along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The anode structure 111 is used to accelerate electrons emitted from the cathode 120, so that the electrons emitted from the cathode 120 form an electron beam L that propagates outward along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. That is, the anode structure 111 serves as the anode of the electron gun 100. In this case, the anode of the electron gun 100 is integrated with the housing 110, reducing the number of components of the electron gun 100 and reducing the structural complexity of the electron gun 100. In addition, reducing the number of components of the electron gun 100 can reduce the assembly steps of the electron gun 100 and the fixtures required for assembly, which helps to reduce the assembly error and assembly difficulty of the electron gun 100. Furthermore, reducing the number of components of the electron gun 100 also helps to reduce the size of the electron gun 100.

[0115] In some examples, the entire outer casing 110 is the anode structure 111, meaning that the entire outer casing 110 serves as the anode of the electron gun 100, and the outer casing 110, apart from the anode structure 111, does not include any other parts. In this case, the outer casing 110 can be made of metal.

[0116] In other examples, a portion of the housing 110 is the anode structure 111, meaning that a portion of the housing 110 serves as the anode of the electron gun 100. The housing 110 also includes other portions besides the anode structure 111. For example, the housing 110 may include a metal layer and a dielectric layer, with the metal layer serving as the anode structure 111.

[0117] For example, the housing 110 may be provided with an anode connection structure (not shown), which is located on the outer surface of the housing 110 and is electrically connected to the anode structure part 111, so that the anode structure part 111 can be connected to an external circuit through the anode connection structure.

[0118] In some examples, the cathode holder 130 is made of insulating material. The cathode holder 130 is used to insulate the cathode 120, the focusing electrode 140 and the anode structure 111 from each other, so that no other insulating structure is required between the cathode 120, the focusing electrode 140 and the anode structure 111. This makes the structure of the electron gun 100 simpler and helps to reduce the assembly difficulty and size of the electron gun 100.

[0119] In other examples, the cathode holder 130 may also be made of a conductive material, and the cathode 120 and the anode structure 111, as well as the cathode 120 and the focusing electrode 140, may be insulated by other insulating structures.

[0120] In some examples, the cathode holder 130 is made of ceramic, which not only insulates the cathode 120, the focusing electrode 140 and the anode structure 111 from each other, but also has high thermal conductivity, allowing heat to be efficiently conducted through the cathode holder 130.

[0121] In some other possible embodiments, the electron gun 100 may also include an anode structure independent of the housing 110, which serves as the anode of the electron gun 100. The anode structure may be coaxially arranged with the housing 110 and disposed within the housing 110 (not shown).

[0122] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the end wall of the housing 110 has a first connecting hole H1, which connects the inner cavity of the housing 110 with the space outside the housing 110. The end wall of the housing 110 also has a connecting region 112 surrounding the first connecting hole H1, and the cathode seat 130 is fixed and sealed to the connecting region 112.

[0123] In this way, the first connecting hole H1 can be used for wiring. By setting the first connecting hole H1, it is convenient to connect the components installed inside the housing 110 to the external circuit. In addition, by sealing the cathode holder 130 with the connection area 112, it is convenient to achieve a seal between the housing 110 and the cathode holder 130 at the first connecting hole H1 when the end wall of the housing 110 has the first connecting hole H1, making it easier to achieve a seal for the electron gun 100.

[0124] For example, a portion of the anode structure 111 is located in the connection region 112.

[0125] For example, the end walls at both ends of the housing 110 have a first connecting hole H1, and the first connecting holes H1 located at both ends of the housing 110 can be coaxial.

[0126] For example, the first connecting hole H1 can be a circular hole.

[0127] In some possible implementations, the first connecting hole H1 is coaxial with the housing 110, so that the first connecting hole H1 can be used not only for wiring, but also for coaxial positioning of the housing 110 and components such as the cathode holder 130, which is beneficial to achieve coaxial arrangement of the housing 110 and components such as the cathode holder 130.

[0128] For example, the housing 110 has a ring-shaped structure, which makes the housing 110 easy to process and low in cost.

[0129] For example, the outer casing 110 has a ring-shaped structure.

[0130] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in some possible embodiments, the cathode holder 130 has a second connecting hole H2, which extends through both ends of the cathode holder 130 along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The second connecting hole H2 communicates with the first connecting hole H1, and the cathode 120 is sealed to the cathode holder 130.

[0131] In this way, the second connecting hole H2 can be used for wiring, and by setting the second connecting hole H2, it is easy to connect the cathode 120 to the external circuit. In addition, by making the cathode 120 and the cathode holder 130 sealed together, it is easy to achieve a seal between the cathode 120 and the cathode holder 130 at the second connecting hole H2 when the cathode holder 130 has the second connecting hole H2, making it easier to achieve a seal for the electron gun 100.

[0132] For example, the second connecting hole H2 can be a circular hole.

[0133] In some possible implementations, the second connecting hole H2 is coaxial with the cathode holder 130, so that the second connecting hole H2 can be used not only for wiring, but also for coaxial positioning of the cathode holder 130 with the cathode 120, the housing 110 and other components, which is beneficial to achieve coaxial arrangement of the cathode holder 130 with the cathode 120, the housing 110 and other components.

[0134] For example, the cathode holder 130 has a ring-shaped structure, which makes the cathode holder 130 easy to process and has a low cost.

[0135] For example, the cathode holder 130 has a ring-shaped structure.

[0136] like Figure 4 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the electron gun 100 further includes a cathode support cylinder 150, which is coaxial with the cathode 120 and fixedly connected to the cathode 120. The cathode support cylinder 150 passes through the second connecting hole H2 and is sleeved on the cathode seat 130. That is, the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode seat 130 are nested together. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the inner wall of the cathode seat 130 is used to abut against the outer wall of the cathode support cylinder 150 so that the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode seat 130 are coaxially positioned.

[0137] In this way, the cathode 120 can be coaxially assembled with the cathode holder 130 by fitting the cathode support cylinder 150 into the cathode base 130. At this point, only the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode base 130 need to be nested along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system to complete the assembly of the cathode 120 and the cathode support cylinder 150, reducing the assembly dimensions of the cathode 120 and thus helping to reduce the assembly error of the electron gun 100. Reducing the assembly dimensions of the cathode 120 also reduces the number of fixtures required for assembly, making the assembly of the cathode 120 easier.

[0138] For example, the cathode support cylinder 150 is fixedly connected to one end of the cathode 120. The cathode support cylinder 150 passes through the second connecting hole H2 of one of the first cathode seat 130a and the second cathode seat 130b and is sleeved with one of the first cathode seat 130a and the second cathode seat 130b.

[0139] For example, the cathode support cylinder 150 can be fixed and sealed to the cathode seat 130, and the cathode 120 can be sealed to the cathode seat 130 through the cathode support cylinder 150. In this way, while it is easy to seal the cathode seat 130 with the second through hole to the cathode 120, the sealed connection structure between the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode seat 130 can be made less likely to affect the emission of electrons by the cathode 120 in the radial direction r along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0140] For example, the outer wall of the cathode support cylinder 150 is sealed to the inner wall of the cathode seat 130, so that there can be a large sealing surface between the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode seat 130, and the sealing effect between the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode seat 130 is good.

[0141] In some examples, the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode 120 can be an integral structure. Specifically, the cathode support cylinder 150 and the cathode emitter 121 can be an integral structure.

[0142] In other examples, the cathode support cylinder 150 can be fixedly connected to the cathode 120 by means of welding or other methods. Specifically, the cathode support cylinder 150 can be welded to the cathode emitter 121.

[0143] like Figure 5 As shown, exemplarily, the collecting electrode 200 is coaxially arranged with the housing 110, and the collecting electrode 200 is located outside the cathode 120 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The collecting electrode 200 is fixedly connected to the housing 110. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron beam channel C1 is located between the collecting electrode 200 and the cathode 120. This facilitates the recovery of electron energy emitted by the cathode 120 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0144] For example, the collector 200 has a ring structure, which makes the collector 200 easy to process and has a low cost.

[0145] For example, the collector 200 is a ring-shaped structure, and the collector 200 surrounds the cathode 120 around the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0146] like Figure 5As shown, in some possible embodiments, the collecting electrode 200 is sleeved on the housing 110, that is, the collecting electrode 200 and the housing 110 are nested together. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the collecting electrode 200 is used to abut against the housing 110 so that the collecting electrode 200 and the housing 110 are coaxially positioned.

[0147] In this way, by connecting the collector electrode 200 to the housing 110, the assembly of the collector electrode 200 can be completed simply by nesting the collector electrode 200 and the housing 110 along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. This reduces the assembly dimensions of the collector electrode 200 and helps to reduce the assembly error of the vacuum electronic device 30. Reducing the assembly dimensions of the collector electrode 200 also reduces the number of fixtures required for assembly, making the assembly of the collector electrode 200 easier.

[0148] like Figure 4 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the housing 110, the cathode holder 130, and the cathode 120 surround to form a vacuum cavity, which includes an electron injection channel C1, that is, the electron injection channel C1 is part of the vacuum cavity.

[0149] In this way, it is relatively easy to form a vacuum environment for the transmission of electron beam L. At this time, other devices can be set in the vacuum cavity formed by the cathode holder 130 and the cathode 120 to form a vacuum electronic device 30. The housing of the vacuum electronic device 30 has fewer sealing positions, and the sealing of the vacuum electronic device 30 is relatively easy and not prone to failure.

[0150] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the vacuum cavity further includes a collection space C2, that is, the collection space C2 is part of the vacuum cavity. The collection space C2 is located outside the electron beam channel C1 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The collection space C2 is connected to the electron beam channel C1, and the collecting electrode 200 is disposed within the collection space C2.

[0151] In this way, the collector 200 is encapsulated in the housing 110, forming a vacuum environment for electron beam transmission. It is not necessary to seal the collector 200 to the housing 110. The housing of the vacuum electronic device 30 including the collector 200 has fewer sealing positions, and the sealing of the vacuum electronic device 30 including the collector 200 is easier and less prone to failure.

[0152] like Figure 5 As shown, for example, the collecting electrode 200 can be stacked on the end wall of the housing 110, and the collecting electrode 200 can be fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110.

[0153] In this way, the collector electrode 200 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110. The collector electrode 200 can be assembled using the end wall of the housing 110 as an assembly base, making the assembly of the collector electrode 200 less likely to affect the formation and sealing of the peripheral wall of the electron gun 100, and facilitating the formation of a vacuum cavity. In addition, the collector electrode 200 can be assembled using the end wall of the housing 110 as an assembly base. It can be coaxially assembled to the housing 110 using the same reference axis as the assembly cathode 120 and cathode holder 130, which helps to reduce the assembly error of the vacuum electronic device 30. Furthermore, the number of fixtures required to complete the assembly is small, and the assembly of the collector electrode 200 is relatively easy.

[0154] For example, the output device may be located in the portion of the housing 110 near the collector 200, and the input device may be located in the portion of the housing 110 near the cathode 120. That is, along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the output device may be located outside the input device.

[0155] like Figure 4 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the outer casing 110 includes a first casing 113 and a second casing 114. The first casing 113 is disposed at one end of the second casing 114 along the axial direction z in the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first casing 113 and the second casing 114 are fixedly and sealed together. The first casing 113 and the second casing 114 enclose an inner cavity forming the outer casing 110. After the first casing 113 and the second casing 114 are joined together, they form the shell wall of the outer casing 110. One end wall of the outer casing 110 is located at the end of the first casing 113 away from the second casing 114, and the other end wall of the outer casing 110 is located at the end of the second casing 114 away from the first casing 113. The end of the first casing 113 near the second casing 114 is an open structure, and the end of the second casing 114 near the first casing 113 is also an open structure.

[0156] For example, the peripheral wall of the outer shell 110 is partially located in the first shell 113 and partially located in the second shell 114. That is, part of the peripheral wall of the outer shell 110 is formed by the first shell 113 and the other part is formed by the second shell 114.

[0157] For example, the first housing 113 and the second housing 114 surround to form an electron injection channel C1, that is, the electron injection channel C1 is located between the first housing 113 and the second housing 114.

[0158] For example, the first housing 113 and the second housing 114 are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the reference bisecting plane, which is the bisecting plane of the vacuum electronic device 30 and is perpendicular to the axis z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0159] like Figure 4As shown, along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, cathode seats 130 are provided between the cathode 120 and the first housing 113, and between the cathode 120 and the second housing 114. The two ends of the cathode seat 130 between the first housing 113 and the cathode 120 are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode 120 and the first housing 113, respectively. The two ends of the cathode seat 130 between the second housing 114 and the cathode 120 are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode 120 and the second housing 114, respectively. Specifically, the first cathode holder 130a is disposed between the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the second housing 114 and the cathode 120, and the second cathode holder 130b is disposed between the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the first housing 113 and the cathode 120. One end of the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the second housing 114 via the first cathode holder 130a, and the other end of the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the first housing 113 via the second cathode holder 130b. This facilitates the assembly of components such as the cathode 120 and the cathode holder 130 within the housing 110.

[0160] For example, the first housing 113 and the second housing 114 are coaxially arranged.

[0161] For example, when the housing 110 includes an anode structure portion 111, a portion of the anode structure portion 111 is located in the first housing 113 and a portion is located in the second housing 114.

[0162] For example, the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the second housing 114 and the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the first housing 113 both have a first connecting hole H1 and a connection area 112. The first cathode seat 130a is fixed and sealed to the connection area 112 of the first housing 113, and the second cathode seat 130b is fixed and sealed to the connection area 112 of the second housing 114.

[0163] For example, a first housing 113, a first cathode holder 130a, a cathode 120, a second cathode holder 130b, and a second housing 114 are arranged to form a vacuum cavity.

[0164] For example, both the first housing 113 and the second housing 114 are annular structures, such as both being circular annular structures.

[0165] For example, the first cathode holder 130a and the second cathode holder 130b are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the reference bisecting plane.

[0166] For example, the cathode 120 is arranged in a mirror-symmetric manner with respect to the reference bisecting plane.

[0167] like Figure 5As shown, in some possible embodiments, the collecting electrode 200 includes a first collecting portion 240 and a second collecting portion 250, with the first collecting portion 240 disposed within the first housing 113 and the second collecting portion 250 disposed within the second housing 114. This facilitates the assembly of the collecting electrode 200 to recover the electron energy transmitted to the collecting electrode 200.

[0168] For example, part of the collection space C2 is formed by the first housing 113 and part is formed by the second housing 114. That is, part of the collection space C2 is located inside the first housing 113 and part is located inside the second housing 114. The first collection part 240 is provided in the part of the collection space C2 formed by the first housing 113 and the second collection part 250 is provided in the part of the collection space C2 formed by the second housing 114.

[0169] For example, a collection channel C21 is formed between the first collection section 240 and the second collection section 250. The collection channel C21 is connected to the electron injection channel C1. After the electrons flowing through the electron injection channel C1 into the collection channel C21, the first collection section 240 and the second collection section 250 can recover the energy of the electrons in the collection channel C21.

[0170] Collection channel C21 is a part of collection space C2, that is, collection space C2 includes collection channel C21.

[0171] For example, the first collecting part 240 is coaxially disposed with the first housing 113, and the first collecting part 240 is located outside the first cathode holder 130a in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first collecting part 240 is fixedly connected to the first housing 113. The second collecting part 250 is coaxially disposed with the second housing 114, and the second collecting part 250 is located outside the second cathode holder 130b in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The second collecting part 250 is fixedly connected to the second housing 114.

[0172] For example, the first collecting part 240 has an annular structure, such as a circular annular structure, and the first collecting part 240 surrounds the first cathode base 130a around the reference cylindrical coordinate system along the angular direction φ. The second collecting part 250 has an annular structure, such as a circular annular structure, and the second collecting part 250 surrounds the second cathode base 130b around the reference cylindrical coordinate system along the angular direction φ.

[0173] For example, the first collecting part 240 is sleeved with the first housing 113, and the second collecting part 250 is sleeved with the second housing 114.

[0174] For example, the first collecting part 240 is stacked on the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the end of the second housing 114 and is fixedly connected to the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the end of the second housing 114. The second collecting part 250 is stacked on the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the end of the first housing 113 and is fixedly connected to the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the end of the first housing 113.

[0175] For example, the first collecting section 240 and the second collecting section 250 are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the reference bisecting plane.

[0176] like Figure 4 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the cathode holder 130 includes a first isolation portion 131, a second isolation portion 132, and a columnar portion 133. The first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132, and the columnar portion 133 are coaxially arranged with the housing 110. The first isolation portion 131 and the second isolation portion 132 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the columnar portion 133 along its axial direction. The focusing electrode 140 is located outside the columnar portion 133 in the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The focusing electrode 140 is sleeved on the columnar portion 133; that is, the focusing electrode 140 and the columnar portion 133 are nested together. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the inner wall of the focusing electrode 140 abuts against the outer wall of the columnar portion 133, so that the focusing electrode 140 and the columnar portion 133 are coaxially positioned. The focusing electrode 140 is located between the first isolation portion 131 and the second isolation portion 132. Along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the first isolation portion 131 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110, the focusing electrode 140 is fixedly connected to the other end of the first isolation portion 131, and the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the end of the second isolation portion 132 away from the focusing electrode 140. The focusing electrode 140 is insulated from the housing 110 through the first isolation portion 131, and the focusing electrode 140 is insulated from the cathode 120 through the second isolation portion 132. This facilitates the assembly of the focusing electrode 140, the cathode 120, the cathode holder 130, and the housing 110, as well as the mutual insulation between the housing 110, the focusing electrode 140, and the cathode 120.

[0177] For example, the first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132, and the columnar portion 133 can all be made of ceramic.

[0178] For example, the second through hole penetrates the first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132 and the columnar portion 133.

[0179] For example, the first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132, and the columnar portion 133 are all annular structures, such as the first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132, and the columnar portion 133 being circular annular structures.

[0180] For example, the columnar portion 133 is sleeved with at least one of the first isolation portion 131 and the second isolation portion 132, that is, the columnar portion 133 is nested with at least one of the first isolation portion 131 and the second isolation portion 132 to facilitate the coaxial assembly of the first isolation portion 131, the second isolation portion 132 and the columnar portion 133.

[0181] In some examples, the first isolation portion 131 and the columnar portion 133 can be an integral structure. After the first isolation portion 131 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110, the focusing electrode 140 can be nested and assembled on the columnar portion 133. After the focusing electrode 140 is assembled, the second isolation portion 132 is nested and assembled on the columnar portion 133. The second isolation portion 132 is located on the side of the focusing electrode 140 away from the first isolation portion 131. The second isolation portion 132 can be welded to the columnar portion 133. After the second isolation portion 132 is assembled, it is fixedly connected to the cathode 120.

[0182] In other examples, the second isolation portion 132 and the columnar portion 133 can be an integral structure. The first isolation portion 131 and the focusing electrode 140 can be overlapped first. Then, the columnar portion 133 is inserted into the focusing electrode 140 and the first isolation portion 131 from the side of the focusing electrode 140 away from the first isolation portion 131, so that the focusing electrode 140 and the first isolation portion 131 are sleeved on the columnar portion 133. The first isolation portion 131 can be welded to the columnar portion 133 to complete the assembly of the focusing electrode 140 and the cathode holder 130. After the focusing electrode 140 and the cathode holder 130 are assembled, the first isolation portion 131 is fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110, and the cathode 120 is fixedly connected to the second isolation portion 132.

[0183] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of an electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0184] like Figure 6 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the cathode 120 has a circular structure, and the electron emitting surface 1211 surrounds the cathode 120 along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The electron emitting surface 1211 is used to emit electrons. In this case, the area of ​​the electron emitting surface 1211 is relatively large, which is beneficial for emitting a current with a large current value and a low current density with a relatively small voltage.

[0185] When the electron emitting surface 1211 surrounds the cathode 120 once along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the cathode 120 can uniformly emit electrons around the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system to form a strip-shaped electron beam L that continuously surrounds the cathode 120 once along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The electron beam channel C1 is a continuous channel that surrounds the cathode 120 once along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0186] Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of another electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0187] like Figure 7 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the cathode 120 includes a plurality of electron emitting surfaces 1211 spaced at angular intervals φ along a reference cylindrical coordinate system. Each electron emitting surface 1211 emits electrons, and the electrons emitted by each surface form an electron beam L that propagates radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Thus, the cathode 120 can emit multiple electron beams L discretely distributed at angular intervals φ along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, facilitating the processing of multiple radio frequency signals. Furthermore, the plurality of electron emitting surfaces 1211 spaced at angular intervals φ along the reference cylindrical coordinate system can share the focusing electrode 140 and anode of the electron gun 100. That is, the same focusing electrode 140 and anode can be used to achieve the emission of multiple electron beams L, simplifying the structure and reducing the cost of the electron gun 100 capable of emitting multiple electron beams L.

[0188] In some examples where the cathode 120 includes multiple electron emitting surfaces 1211 spaced at angular intervals φ along a reference cylindrical coordinate system, the housing 110 has multiple electron beam channels C1 corresponding one-to-one with the electron emitting surfaces 1211 and distributed along the angular interval φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron emitting surfaces 1211 are opposite to their corresponding electron beam channels C1, which are used for the passage of electrons emitted by the corresponding electron emitting surfaces 1211. Each electron beam channel C1 contains a corresponding transducer structure 31, and the electrons transmitted within the electron beam channel C1 can interact with the radio frequency signals transmitted within the corresponding transducer structure 31 to achieve processing of the radio frequency signals transmitted within the corresponding transducer structure 31.

[0189] like Figure 7 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the cathode 120 further includes an input port 122 for connection to an external circuit. Multiple electron emitting surfaces 1211 are electrically connected to the same input port 122, and the potentials of the multiple electron emitting surfaces 1211 when emitting electrons are equal, making it easier to control the multiple electron emitting surfaces 1211 that are spaced angularly φ apart along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0190] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0191] like Figure 8 As shown, in some examples where the housing 110 has multiple transducer structures 31, the communication device may include multiple antennas 2 corresponding one-to-one with the transducer structure 31, and the transducer structure 31 may be coupled to the corresponding antenna 2.

[0192] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another vacuum electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 The cross section in the diagram is the section containing the axis of the electron gun 100.

[0193] like Figure 9 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the focusing assembly 400 includes a first annular magnet 410 and a second annular magnet 420. The first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are coaxially arranged with the housing 110, and are respectively located on both sides of the electron beam channel C1 along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Both the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are fixedly connected to the housing 110, and are magnetized along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. That is, the magnetic field strength of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system is much greater than the magnetic field strength of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0194] In this way, the magnetic fields generated by the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 can be used to focus the electron beam L transmitted in the electron beam channel C1. The direction of the magnetic fields generated by the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 is the same as the transmission direction of the electron beam L in the electron beam channel C1. The magnetic field generated by the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 has a long action path on the electron beam L transmitted in the electron beam channel C1, which makes it less likely for the electron beam L to diverge during the radial transmission along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. This is conducive to the transmission of the electron beam L without interception. It can make the electron beam L form a cluster in the direction of interaction with the radio frequency signal and gradually give up energy. The interaction between the electron beam L transmitted in the electron beam channel C1 and the radio frequency signal transmitted in the transducer structure 31 is relatively sufficient, and the gain of the radio frequency signal output by the vacuum electronic device 30 is high.

[0195] Furthermore, by using two annular magnets magnetized radially r along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron beam L transmitted radially r along the reference cylindrical coordinate system can be focused. The focusing assembly 400 has fewer components, which reduces the number of assembly steps and fixtures required for assembly, making assembly easier and reducing assembly errors. This makes it easier to focus the electron beam L and achieves a more stable focusing effect on the electron beam L.

[0196] Furthermore, by using two annular magnets magnetized radially (r) along the reference cylindrical coordinate system to focus the electron beam L propagating radially (r), no additional adjustment of the peak magnetic field magnitude is required, making the assembly and debugging of the focusing assembly 400 easier and less costly. In addition, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 have annular structures, making them easier to process and mold, thus reducing costs.

[0197] For example, along the axis z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the projection of the first annular magnet 410 covers the projection of the electron beam channel C1, and the projection of the second annular magnet 420 covers the projection of the electron beam channel C1.

[0198] In an example where the housing 110 includes a first housing 113 and a second housing 114, a first annular magnet 410 is fixedly connected to the first housing 113, and a second annular magnet 420 is fixedly connected to the second housing 114.

[0199] For example, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are arranged in mirror symmetry with respect to the reference bisecting plane.

[0200] For example, the first ring magnet 410 and the second ring magnet 420 are permanent magnets. The materials of the first ring magnet 410 and the second ring magnet 420 may include, but are not limited to, samarium cobalt, aluminum iron boron, etc.

[0201] For example, both the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are circular ring structures.

[0202] In some possible implementations, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are located outside the cathode 120 along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, such that the magnetic fields generated by the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 do not easily affect the electron emission of the cathode 120.

[0203] For example, along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are located inside the peripheral wall of the housing 110.

[0204] For example, along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are located inside the outer periphery of the collecting pole 200.

[0205] In some possible implementations, the first annular magnet 410 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end wall of the housing 110. The second annular magnet 420 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing 110. In this case, the first annular magnet 410 is stacked on the end wall of one end of the housing 110 and fixedly connected to the end wall of one end of the housing 110, and the second annular magnet 420 is stacked on the end wall of the other end of the housing 110 and fixedly connected to the end wall of the other end of the housing 110.

[0206] In this way, the first ring magnet 410 and the second ring magnet 420 are assembled using the end walls at both ends of the housing 110 as assembly bases. The first ring magnet 410 and the second ring magnet 420 can be coaxially assembled on the housing 110 using the same reference axis as the assembly cathode 120 and cathode seat 130, which helps to reduce the assembly error of the vacuum electronic device 30. In addition, the number of fixtures required to complete the assembly is small, and the assembly of the first ring magnet 410 and the second ring magnet 420 is relatively easy.

[0207] In some examples, pole shoes may be provided between the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 and the housing 110. The first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 can be connected to the housing 110 through the pole shoes, which can be used to enhance and guide the magnetic field. For example, both the inner and outer rings of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 can be connected to the housing 110 through the pole shoes.

[0208] In other examples, pole shoes may not be provided between the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 and the housing 110, and the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 may be directly connected to the housing 110.

[0209] Figure 10 for Figure 9 The provided diagram illustrates the simulation of the radial magnetic flux density of a vacuum electronic device in a reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 of the vacuum electronic device 30 have a dimension of 10 mm along the axial z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system and a spacing of 5 mm. The first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are magnetized to a magnitude of 1 T along the radial r-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. Both the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are circular ring structures, with an inner ring radius of 12 mm and an outer ring radius of 110 mm. The horizontal axis in the diagram represents the distance between the radial r-axis and the axial z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the vertical axis represents the magnetic flux density. Figure 10As shown in the simulation, the peak magnetic field generated by the focusing component 400 along the radial r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system is greater than 0.4T, and the unintercepted transmission distance of the electron beam L is greater than 100mm. The focusing component 400 can effectively achieve the focusing of the planar radial strip electron beam L.

[0210] Figure 11 This is a simulation diagram illustrating the current value and iteration number of a vacuum electronic device, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 12 for Figure 11 The provided diagram shows a simulation of the electron beam generated by a vacuum electronic device propagating from a single perspective. Figure 13 for Figure 11 The provided diagram illustrates the transmission simulation of an electron beam generated by a vacuum electronic device from another perspective. The entire outer casing 110 serves as the anode structure 111, meaning the entire casing 110 acts as the anode of the electron gun 100. The electron emitting surface 1211 surrounds the cathode 120 along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The voltage of the anode structure 111 is 0V, the voltage of the focusing electrode 140 is -4.9KV, and the voltage of the cathode 120 is -5KV. Along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the size of the electron beam channel C1 is 0.8mm, and the size of the cathode 120 is 0.35mm. Figure 11 The horizontal axis represents the number of simulation iterations, and the vertical axis represents the current value. For example... Figure 11 As shown, after one iteration, the uniform electron beam L emitted radially along the reference cylindrical coordinate system reaches a current value of 3.34 A and a conductivity of 9.48 μP. Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the electron beam L generated by the cathode 120 can pass through the electron beam channel C1 without interception and is uniformly distributed along the angular direction φ of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0211] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another electron gun provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 For including Figure 14 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vacuum electronic device for an electron gun is provided in the image. Figure 14 , Figure 15 The cross section in the diagram is the section containing the axis of the electron gun 100.

[0212] like Figure 14 , Figure 15As shown, in some possible embodiments, a first annular groove G1 is formed on the outer surface of one end wall of the housing 110, and a second annular groove G2 is formed on the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing 110. Both the first annular groove G1 and the second annular groove G2 are coaxial with the housing 110. Along the axial direction z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the end of the first annular magnet 410 near the electron beam channel C1 is disposed in the first annular groove G1 of the electron gun 100, and the end of the second annular magnet 420 near the electron beam channel C1 is disposed in the second annular groove G2 of the electron gun 100. That is, the first annular magnet 410 is embedded in the first annular groove G1, and the second annular magnet 420 is embedded in the second annular groove G2.

[0213] This allows for a smaller distance between the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 and the electron beam channel C1, resulting in a stronger magnetic field for focusing the electron beam at the electron beam channel C1, which is beneficial for focusing electron beams with larger current values ​​L. Furthermore, it reduces the dimension of the vacuum electronic device 30 along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, facilitating miniaturization. Additionally, by providing the first annular groove G1 and the second annular groove G2, the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 can be fitted onto the outer shell 110. This allows for assembly of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 simply by nesting them along the z-axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, reducing the assembly dimensions of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 and minimizing assembly errors in the vacuum electronic device 30. By reducing the assembly dimensions of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420, the number of fixtures required for assembly can be reduced, making the assembly of the first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 easier.

[0214] For example, the first annular magnet 410 can be fully or partially accommodated within the first annular groove G1. The second annular magnet 420 can be fully or partially accommodated within the second annular groove G2.

[0215] In an example where the housing 110 includes a first housing 113 and a second housing 114, a first annular groove G1 is formed on the outer surface of the end wall of the first housing 113 away from the second housing 114, and a second annular groove G2 is formed on the outer surface of the end wall of the second housing 114 away from the first housing 113.

[0216] When the electron beam channel C1 or the slow wave structure has a large dimension along the axial z of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the outer casing 110 may not have the first annular groove G1 and the second annular groove G2. The first annular magnet 410 and the second annular magnet 420 are not fitted into the outer casing 110, but rather fixedly connected using planar assembly (e.g., ...). Figure 9 (as shown in the image).

[0217] Figure 16 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another vacuum electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0218] like Figure 16 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the collecting electrode 200 includes a collecting electrode 210 and an insulating isolator 220. The insulating isolator 220 is disposed between the collecting electrode 210 and the housing 110. The collecting electrode 210 is fixedly connected to the housing 110 through the insulating isolator 220. By providing the insulating isolator 220, it is convenient to achieve the insulating assembly of the collecting electrode 210 and the housing 110, which is beneficial to make the collecting electrode 210 and the housing 110 at different potentials, so that the collecting electrode 210 can recover electron energy.

[0219] For example, after passing through the collection channel C21, the electron beam L can eventually hit the collection electrode 210 or the housing 110. When the electron beam L finally hits the housing 110 after passing through the collection channel C21, the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the housing 110 can be provided with an electrode structure, and the electron beam L can finally hit the electrode structure after passing through the collection channel C21.

[0220] For example, the insulating isolator 220 can be made of ceramic, which not only provides insulation but also allows for better thermal conductivity between the collecting electrode 210 and the housing 110.

[0221] For example, the material of the collecting electrode 210 can be metal.

[0222] For example, the collecting electrode 210 can be fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110 via the insulating isolator 220.

[0223] For example, both the collecting electrode 210 and the insulating spacer 220 are annular structures.

[0224] For example, the insulating isolator 220 can be sleeved onto the housing 110, and the collecting electrode 210 is fixedly connected to the insulating isolator 220.

[0225] For example, the insulating isolator 220 is stacked on the end wall of the housing 110 and fixedly connected to the end wall of the housing 110, and the collecting electrode 210 is stacked on the side of the insulating isolator 220 away from the housing 110 and fixedly connected to the insulating isolator 220.

[0226] like Figure 16 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the vacuum electronic device 30 further includes a collection lead 300. The housing 110 has a wiring hole that connects the inner cavity of the housing 110 with the space outside the housing 110, and the collection lead 300 passes through the wiring hole. The insulating isolator 220 has an embedded conductive structure 230, one end of which is electrically connected to the collection electrode 210, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the collection lead 300.

[0227] This facilitates the connection between the collecting electrode 210 and the external circuit. Furthermore, the conductive structure 230 is embedded within the insulating isolator 220, allowing the conductive structure 230 and the insulating isolator 220 to be combined into a single structural component before the insulating isolator 220 is assembled into the housing 110. This reduces the number of soldering operations and makes the connection between the collecting electrode 210 and the external circuit easier.

[0228] For example, the collection lead 300 is sealed to the wall of the wiring hole.

[0229] For example, one end of the conductive structure 230 away from the connected collecting electrode 210 may be spaced apart from the housing 110 to facilitate insulation between the conductive structure 230 and the housing 110.

[0230] For example, the conductive structure 230 penetrates the insulating isolator 220 and connects to one side surface of the collecting electrode 210 to facilitate the connection between the conductive structure 230 and the collecting electrode 210.

[0231] For example, the conductive structure 230 and the insulating isolator 220 are an integral structure, that is, the conductive structure 230 is integrated on the insulating isolator 220.

[0232] For example, the conductive structure 230 can be a conductive via.

[0233] When the collecting electrode 200 includes a first collecting portion 240 and a second collecting portion 250, a portion of the collecting electrode 210 is located in the first collecting portion 240 and a portion is located in the second collecting portion 250, and a portion of the insulating isolation member 220 is located in the first collecting portion 240 and a portion is located in the second collecting portion 250. The collecting electrode 210 is mirror-symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference bisecting plane. The insulating isolation member 220 is mirror-symmetrically arranged with respect to the reference bisecting plane.

[0234] Figure 17 for Figure 16The diagram shows the arrangement of the collector electrodes of the vacuum electronic device provided.

[0235] like Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, in some possible embodiments, the collecting electrode 200 includes a plurality of collecting electrodes 210 arranged from the inside out along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, with adjacent collecting electrodes 210 being insulated from each other.

[0236] In this way, multiple collecting electrodes 210 can be used to collect electrons at different energy levels, making the collecting electrode 200 more efficient at recovering electron energy and less prone to electron backflow.

[0237] When there are multiple collecting electrodes 210, and the electron beam L finally hits the collecting electrode 210 after passing through the collecting channel C21, the electron beam L finally hits the outermost collecting electrode 210 located in the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

[0238] When there are multiple collecting electrodes 210, the vacuum electronic device 30 includes multiple collecting leads 300 corresponding to the collecting electrodes 210, and the insulating isolation member 220 is provided with multiple conductive structures 230 corresponding to the collecting electrodes 210. The collecting electrodes 210 are connected to the corresponding collecting leads 300 through the corresponding conductive structures 230.

[0239] For example, all the collecting electrodes 210 are arranged coaxially.

[0240] For example, the number of collecting electrodes 210 can be determined according to needs, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.

[0241] like Figure 16 , Figure 17As shown, taking a scenario with three collecting electrodes 210, the three collecting electrodes 210 are designated as first collecting electrode 210a, second collecting electrode 210b, and third collecting electrode 210c. These electrodes are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The vacuum electronic device 30 includes a first collecting lead 300a, a second collecting lead 300b, and a third collecting lead 300c. The first collecting lead 300a corresponds to the first collecting electrode 210a, the second collecting lead 300b corresponds to the second collecting electrode 210b, and the third collecting lead 300c corresponds to the third collecting electrode 210c. An insulating isolation chamber is provided with a first conductive structure 230a, a second conductive structure 230b, and a third conductive structure 230c. The first conductive structure 230a is a conductive structure 230 corresponding to the first collecting electrode 210a, and the first collecting electrode 210a is electrically connected to the first collecting lead 300a through the first conductive structure 230a. The second conductive structure 230b is a conductive structure 230 corresponding to the second collecting electrode 210b, and the second collecting electrode 210b is electrically connected to the second collecting lead 300b through the second conductive structure 230b. The third conductive structure 230c is a conductive structure 230 corresponding to the third collecting electrode 210c, and the third collecting electrode 210c is electrically connected to the third collecting lead 300c through the third conductive structure 230c.

[0242] For example, the insulating isolator 220 may include a first isolating segment 221 and a second isolating segment 222. Both the first isolating segment 221 and the second isolating segment 222 are annular structures. Both the first isolating segment 221 and the second isolating segment 222 are coaxial with the outer casing 110. The first isolating segment 221 and the second isolating segment 222 are arranged sequentially from the inside to the outside along the radial direction r of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first collecting electrode 210a is fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer casing 110 through the first isolating segment 221. The first conductive structure 230a is disposed in the first isolating segment 221. The second collecting electrode 210b and the third collecting electrode 210c are fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer casing 110 through the second isolating segment 222. The second conductive structure 230b and the third conductive structure 230c are disposed in the second isolating segment 222.

[0243] The devices or elements referred to in the embodiments of this application or implied herein must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise precisely specified.

[0244] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0245] The term "multiple" in this article refers to two or more. The term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects; in formulas, the character " / " indicates a "division" relationship between the preceding and following related objects.

[0246] It is understood that the various numerical designations used in the embodiments of this application are merely for descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0247] It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An electron gun (100), characterized by, It includes a housing (110), a cathode (120), and a cathode holder (130); The outer casing (110), the cathode (120), and the cathode holder (130) are coaxially arranged, and the cathode (120) and the cathode holder (130) are disposed inside the outer casing (110); Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the cathode seat (130) is fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer shell (110), and the cathode (120) is fixedly connected to the other end of the cathode seat (130). The outer casing (110) has an electron injection channel (C1) located on the outer side of the cathode (120) in the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The cathode (120) is used to emit electrons radially outward in the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the electron injection channel (C1) is used to allow the electrons to pass through. The axial coordinate axis of the reference cylindrical coordinate system coincides with the axis of the outer shell (110).

2. The electron gun (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer casing (110) includes an anode structure (111); At least a portion of the anode structure (111) is located outside the cathode (120) along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The anode structure (111) is used to accelerate the electrons emitted by the cathode (120) so that the electrons emitted by the cathode (120) form an electron beam that propagates radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

3. The electron gun (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The cathode holder (130) is made of insulating material.

4. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that The end wall of the outer shell (110) has a first connecting hole (H1), which connects the inner cavity of the outer shell (110) with the space outside the outer shell (110); The end wall of the outer casing (110) also has a connection area (112) surrounding the first connecting hole (H1), and the cathode seat (130) is fixed and sealed to the connection area (112).

5. The electron gun (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first connecting hole (H1) is coaxial with the outer shell (110).

6. The electron gun (100) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The cathode holder (130) has a second connecting hole (H2) that extends through both ends of the cathode holder (130) along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The second connecting hole (H2) communicates with the first connecting hole (H1), and the cathode (120) is sealed to the cathode holder (130).

7. The electron gun (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second connecting hole (H2) is coaxial with the cathode seat (130).

8. The electron gun (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a cathode support cylinder (150); The cathode support cylinder (150) is coaxial with the cathode (120), the cathode support cylinder (150) is fixedly connected to the cathode (120), the cathode support cylinder (150) passes through the second connecting hole (H2), and the cathode support cylinder (150) is sleeved on the cathode seat (130).

9. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The cathode (120) includes a plurality of electron emitting surfaces (1211) spaced angularly along the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The electron emitting surfaces (1211) are used to emit electrons, and the electrons emitted by each electron emitting surface (1211) are used to form an electron beam that propagates radially outward along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

10. The electron gun (100) according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cathode (120) also includes an input port (122), and multiple electron emitting surfaces (1211) are electrically connected to the same input port (122). The multiple electron emitting surfaces (1211) have the same potential when emitting electrons.

11. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The cathode (120) has a circular structure; The cathode (120) includes an electron emitting surface (1211) that surrounds the cathode (120) angularly along the reference cylindrical coordinate system and is used to emit electrons.

12. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, It also includes the focusing electrode (140); The focusing electrode (140) is disposed inside the outer casing (110). The focusing electrode (140) is coaxial with the cathode seat (130). The focusing electrode (140) is located on the radial side of the cathode seat (130) in the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The focusing electrode (140) is sleeved on the cathode seat (130). The focusing electrode (140) is insulated from the cathode (120).

13. The electron gun (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cathode holder (130) includes a first isolation portion (131), a second isolation portion (132), and a columnar portion (133); The first isolation part (131), the second isolation part (132) and the columnar part (133) are coaxially arranged with the outer shell (110). The first isolation part (131) and the second isolation part (132) are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the columnar part (133) in the axial direction. The focusing electrode (140) is located on the outer side of the columnar part (133) in the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The focusing electrode (140) is sleeved on the columnar part (133) and is located between the first isolation part (131) and the second isolation part (132). Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, one end of the first isolation part (131) is fixedly connected to the end wall of the outer shell (110), the focusing electrode (140) is fixedly connected to the other end of the first isolation part (131), and the cathode (120) is fixedly connected to the end of the second isolation part (132) away from the focusing electrode (140). The focusing electrode (140) is insulated from the outer casing (110) through the first isolation part (131), and the focusing electrode (140) is insulated from the cathode (120) through the second isolation part (132).

14. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, The outer shell (110), the cathode holder (130), and the cathode (120) surround and form a vacuum cavity, which includes the electron injection channel (C1).

15. The electron gun (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that, The vacuum chamber also includes a collection space (C2); The collection space (C2) is located radially outside the electron injection channel (C1) in the reference cylindrical coordinate system, and the collection space (C2) is connected to the electron injection channel (C1).

16. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-15, characterized in that, A first annular groove (G1) is formed on the outer surface of one end wall of the housing (110), and a second annular groove (G2) is formed on the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing (110). Both the first annular groove (G1) and the second annular groove (G2) are coaxial with the housing (110).

17. The electron gun (100) according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that, The outer casing (110) includes a first casing (113) and a second casing (114); The first housing (113) is disposed at one end of the second housing (114) in the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system. The first housing (113) and the second housing (114) are fixed and sealed together. The first housing (113) and the second housing (114) surround and form the inner cavity of the outer shell (110). Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, a cathode seat (130) is provided between the cathode (120) and the first housing (113), and between the cathode (120) and the second housing (114). The two ends of the cathode seat (130) between the first housing (113) and the cathode (120) are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode (120) and the first housing (113), respectively. The two ends of the cathode seat (130) between the second housing (114) and the cathode (120) are fixedly connected to the end walls of the cathode (120) and the second housing (114), respectively.

18. A vacuum electronic device (30), characterized in that, Includes a collecting electrode (200) and an electron gun (100) as described in any one of claims 1-17; The collecting electrode (200) is coaxially arranged with the outer shell (110) of the electron gun (100). The collecting electrode (200) is located on the outer radial side of the cathode (120) of the electron gun (100) in the reference cylindrical coordinate system of the electron gun (100). The collecting electrode (200) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (110). Along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the electron injection channel (C1) of the electron gun (100) is located between the collector (200) and the cathode (120).

19. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 18, characterized in that, The collecting electrode (200) is sleeved on the outer shell (110).

20. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The collecting electrode (200) is located within the collecting space (C2) of the electron gun (100).

21. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 20, characterized in that, The collecting electrode (200) includes a collecting electrode (210) and an insulating separator (220); The insulating isolator (220) is disposed between the collecting electrode (210) and the outer shell (110), and the collecting electrode (210) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (110) through the insulating isolator (220).

22. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 21, characterized in that, It also includes collecting leads (300); The outer casing (110) has a wiring hole that connects the inner cavity of the outer casing (110) with the space outside the outer casing (110), and the collecting lead (300) passes through the wiring hole; The insulating isolator (220) is embedded with a conductive structure (230), one end of which is electrically connected to the collecting electrode (210), and the other end of which is electrically connected to the collecting lead (300).

23. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, The collecting electrode (200) includes a plurality of collecting electrodes (210) arranged radially from the inside to the outside along the reference cylindrical coordinate system, with adjacent collecting electrodes (210) being insulated from each other.

24. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to any one of claims 20-23, characterized in that, The collecting electrode (200) includes a first collecting section (240) and a second collecting section (250); The first collecting part (240) is disposed in the first housing (113) of the electron gun (100), and the second collecting part (250) is disposed in the second housing (114) of the electron gun (100).

25. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to any one of claims 18-24, characterized in that, It also includes a first ring magnet (410) and a second ring magnet (420); The first annular magnet (410) and the second annular magnet (420) are coaxially arranged with the outer shell (110), and the first annular magnet (410) and the second annular magnet (420) are respectively located on both sides of the electron injection channel (C1) in the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system; The first annular magnet (410) and the second annular magnet (420) are both fixedly connected to the outer shell (110), and the first annular magnet (410) and the second annular magnet (420) are both magnetized radially along the reference cylindrical coordinate system.

26. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 25, characterized in that, Along the radial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the first annular magnet (410) and the second annular magnet (420) are located outside the cathode (120).

27. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that, The first annular magnet (410) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of one end wall of the housing (110), and the second annular magnet (420) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the other end wall of the housing (110).

28. The vacuum electronic device (30) according to claim 27, characterized in that, Along the axial direction of the reference cylindrical coordinate system, the first annular magnet (410) is located in the first annular groove (G1) of the electron gun (100) at one end near the electron injection channel (C1), and the second annular magnet (420) is located in the second annular groove (G2) of the electron gun (100) at one end near the electron injection channel (C1).

29. A radio frequency module (1), characterized in that, Includes an electron gun (100) as described in any one of claims 1-17, or a vacuum electronic device (30) as described in any one of claims 18-28.

30. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the radio frequency module (1) as described in claim 29.

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