A method for managing gas in a limited space and a structure implementing the method

Abstract

This invention discloses a confined space gas management method, providing a structural component with a built-in desiccant and adsorbent, and equipped with a pressure-responsive on / off valve. During periods of normal gas pressure within the confined space, the desiccant absorbs moisture, controlling the relative humidity below the critical value for sulfide electrolyte hydrolysis, while the adsorbent neutralizes or adsorbs any generated harmful gases. When the gas pressure within the confined space abnormally rises above the external atmospheric pressure due to sulfide hydrolysis, the on / off valve is opened by positive pressure, allowing hydrogen sulfide-containing gas to be rapidly discharged to the outside atmosphere through a through-hole. When the gas pressure within the confined space falls below the external atmospheric pressure due to cooling, the on / off valve forms a seal against the end face of the through-hole due to negative pressure, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through-hole. Through this method, this invention is not only applicable to sulfide solid-state battery PACK boxes, but also to lead-acid battery stacks, other small enclosed spaces, and other scenarios requiring confined space gas management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas management and battery safety technology, and in particular to a gas management method for a confined space in a sulfide solid-state battery and a structural component for implementing the method. Background Technology

[0002] Sulfide solid-state batteries are considered an important direction for the development of next-generation power batteries due to their high energy density and potential safety advantages. However, sulfide electrolytes (such as Li6PS5Cl) are extremely sensitive to air and readily undergo hydrolysis upon contact with water, releasing highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide gas. This reaction not only poses serious safety hazards—excessive H2S concentrations can endanger human lives and cause fire and explosion risks—but also damages the electrolyte's crystal structure, significantly reduces ionic conductivity, and ultimately leads to rapid capacity decay and shortened cycle life.

[0003] Currently, solutions to the water sensitivity problem of sulfide electrolytes mainly focus on the material side, such as passivating the surface through oxygen / halogen doping or oxide coating (LiNbO3, LiAlO2) to improve intrinsic moisture resistance. Although material improvements can effectively reduce the water sensitivity problem of electrolytes, the cost is high, making commercialization difficult in the short term.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas management solution that is both effective and commercially viable at the battery pack (PACK) system level, in order to solve the problem of hydrogen sulfide gas generation faced by sulfide solid-state batteries in practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a confined space gas management method and a structural component for implementing the method, thereby achieving comprehensive control of hydrogen sulfide problems through a dual strategy of prevention and control.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a confined space gas management method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] A detachable and closable structural component is provided, wherein the structural component contains functional materials and is equipped with a pressure-responsive on / off valve, wherein the functional materials include dehumidifiers and adsorbents;

[0008] During periods of normal air pressure within a confined space, the dehumidifier absorbs moisture within the space, controlling the relative humidity below the critical value for sulfide electrolyte hydrolysis, thereby inhibiting the generation of hydrogen sulfide at its source; simultaneously, the adsorbent neutralizes or adsorbs the generated hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases.

[0009] When the gas pressure in the confined space rises abnormally to a level higher than the external atmospheric pressure due to the gas production from the hydrolysis of sulfides, as an emergency measure, the valve plate is opened by positive pressure, and the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in the space is quickly discharged to the external atmosphere through the through hole, thereby reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the space.

[0010] When the air pressure inside the confined space is lower than the external atmospheric pressure due to cooling, the opening and closing valve plate forms a seal by pressing tightly against the end face of the through hole due to negative pressure, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through hole and maintaining a dry environment inside the space.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional material is a powder, granules, columnar or spherical material, which is shaped by a binder. In the functional material, the dehumidifier accounts for 50% to 80% of the total mass of the functional material, the adsorbent accounts for 20% to 50%, and the binder accounts for 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the desiccant is a reversible desiccant, including one or more of magnesium salts, calcium salts, silica gels, montmorillonite, and hygroscopic resins.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adsorbent includes one or more of mesoporous-macroporous hierarchical porous materials, molecular sieves, zeolites, and activated carbon, or one or more of metal oxides such as FeO, ZnO, CuO, MnO2, and Fe2O3.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl butyral.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional material further includes an oxygen scavenger, including one or more of iron powder, sodium sulfite, vitamin C, and activated carbon, for eliminating oxygen in a confined space to reduce the risk of H2S combustion and explosion.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the limited space is a narrow space inside a solid-state battery pack, or a lead-acid battery stack, or other small enclosed space.

[0017] Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is: providing a structural component for implementing the method, including a shell, wherein one or more independent compartments are provided inside the shell; each independent compartment is filled with a functional material; the top of the shell is provided with an ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene breathable protective membrane, and a cover plate with vent holes is provided above the breathable membrane; the shell is provided with snaps or threads in the circumference for detachable connection with the installation position of external confined space equipment; the shell is provided with at least one through hole communicating with the inside and outside of the confined space, the top of the through hole passes through the breathable membrane and communicates with the inside of the confined space, and the bottom end face of the through hole is connected by welding, bonding or snapping to an opening and closing valve plate made of silicone film or plastic film for realizing the function of positive pressure opening for exhaust and negative pressure closing for sealing.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the valve plate is a fixed structure with a cross-shaped or star-shaped valve opening and closing port at its center.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening and closing valve plate is a rectangular valve plate, one side of which is fixedly connected to the end face of the vent hole.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the valve plate is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure, which is snap-fitted and fixed to the end face of the vent hole.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the independent cabin adopts a single-cabin, double-cabin, or four-cabin structure, and is divided into large-size, small-size, and fast-absorption specifications according to the application scenario.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes functional materials—dehumidifier and adsorbent—to achieve the dual function of inhibiting hydrogen sulfide production at its source and adsorbing already produced gases during periods of normal air pressure. Simultaneously, the positive pressure opening of the valve plate during abnormal air pressure increases enables rapid exhaust, significantly reducing the concentration of harmful gases in the space within a short time, preventing their accumulation to dangerous thresholds, effectively ensuring personnel safety and preventing combustion and explosion accidents. When the air pressure decreases due to cooling, the valve plate automatically seals against the end face of the through-hole due to negative pressure, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through-hole, and ensuring a dry environment within the confined space, preventing secondary gas production due to external moisture entering.

[0023] This invention is not only applicable to sulfide solid-state battery pack boxes, but also to lead-acid battery stacks, other small enclosed spaces, and other scenarios requiring limited space gas management, demonstrating good versatility and scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the structural component for implementing the confined space gas management method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 6 of the structural component for implementing the confined space gas management method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing valve plate in Embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 7 of the structural component for implementing the confined space gas management method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing valve plate in Embodiment 7 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of embodiment 8 of the structural component for implementing the confined space gas management method of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing valve plate in Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is another structural schematic diagram of the opening and closing valve plate in Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0035] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above or below" a first feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on" the first feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the first feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention include:

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] S1, with Figure 1 The structural component shown is a test object for confined space gas management, employing a dual-chamber structure. One chamber is filled with a desiccant: a magnesium salt-based desiccant. The other chamber contains an adsorbent: a mixture of molecular sieves and activated carbon in a 1:1 ratio. The desiccant is ground into powder, while the molecular sieves and activated carbon are in granular form, with 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol added as a binder for shaping. The functional materials in the two chambers are in a 1:1 mass ratio, with the desiccant comprising approximately 50% of the total functional materials, the adsorbent approximately 49.9%, and the binder approximately 0.1%.

[0042] S2, according to Figure 1 The test piece is assembled using the following structural method: an ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene breathable protective membrane is set on the top of the shell, and a cover plate with vent holes is set above the membrane; a through hole connecting the inside and outside of the confined space is set at the bottom of the shell, and an opening and closing valve plate made of silicone film is set on the bottom end face of the through hole.

[0043] S3. Conduct hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity test and dehumidification test on the test specimen.

[0044] The difference between Examples 2 to 5 and Example 1 lies in the different proportions and compositions of the functional materials, as shown in the table below:

[0045]

[0046] Hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance test: The test specimen of Example 1 was placed in a sealed container and hydrogen sulfide gas was injected to an initial concentration of 100 ppm. After 8 minutes, the real-time content of hydrogen sulfide was tested and compared with the initial value to calculate the desulfurization efficiency: Desulfurization efficiency / % = [(initial hydrogen sulfide concentration - hydrogen sulfide concentration after 8 minutes)] / initial hydrogen sulfide concentration × 100%.

[0047] Dehumidification performance test: The test specimen of Example 1 was placed in a closed environment with a humidity of 90%RH and a temperature of 30℃. After standing for 48 hours, the ability of the specimen to absorb water vapor was tested. The total weight before and after moisture absorption was tested, and the average value was taken to calculate the dehumidification rate: Dehumidification rate / % = [(total weight after water absorption saturation - total weight before water absorption)] / total weight before water absorption × 100%.

[0048] Test results show that the desulfurization efficiency of Example 1 is 53%, the dehumidification rate is 47%, and there are no abnormalities on the surface.

[0049] Examples 2-5 also used the above test methods to conduct hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance tests and dehumidification performance tests, and the test results are as follows:

[0050] Example 2 showed a desulfurization efficiency of 42%, a dehumidification rate of 69%, and no surface abnormalities.

[0051] Example 3 showed a desulfurization efficiency of 29%, a dehumidification rate of 81%, and no surface abnormalities.

[0052] Example 4 showed a desulfurization efficiency of 48%, a dehumidification rate of 41%, and no surface abnormalities.

[0053] Example 5 showed a desulfurization efficiency of 46%, a dehumidification rate of 43%, and no surface abnormalities.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 was prepared with 100% desiccant (magnesium salt + calcium salt) and no adsorbent; Comparative Example 2 was prepared with 100% adsorbent (molecular sieve + activated carbon) and no desiccant. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were for testing purposes only and their formulations have no practical significance.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were also tested for hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance and dehumidification performance. The test results are as follows:

[0056] Comparative Example 1 had a desulfurization efficiency of 13%, a dehumidification rate of 101%, and no surface abnormalities.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 had a desulfurization efficiency of 62% and condensation on its surface.

[0058] The test results show that:

[0059] When the ambient humidity is high, increasing the dehumidifier content can effectively improve the dehumidification efficiency (the dehumidification rates of Examples 2 and 3 are significantly higher than those of Example 1), and the maximum dehumidification rate can reach more than 100% (Comparative Example 1).

[0060] When the hydrogen sulfide content in the environment is high, the adsorbent can effectively and quickly desulfurize (comparative example 2 has a desulfurization efficiency of 62%).

[0061] By adjusting the ratio of dehumidifier to adsorbent, precise control can be achieved for different humidity levels and hydrogen sulfide concentrations, thus realizing the purpose of gas management in confined spaces.

[0062] The presence of condensation on the surface of Comparative Example 2 indicates that adsorbents alone cannot effectively control humidity, verifying the irreplaceable role of dehumidifiers in maintaining a dry environment.

[0063] Example 6: The present invention also relates to a structural component for implementing the above-described confined space gas management method, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, its specific structure is as follows:

[0064] The structural component includes a housing 1, within which one or more independent compartments 11 are located; each independent compartment is filled with a functional material. The top of the housing 1 is provided with an ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) breathable protective membrane 2, and a cover plate 3 with vent holes is located above the breathable membrane 2. The housing 1 is provided with snaps or threads circumferentially. Figure 1 The preferred option is the snap fastener 12, which is used for detachable connection with the mounting position of equipment in external confined space.

[0065] The outer periphery of the housing 1 is fitted with a sealing element 5 for sealing between the structural component and the mounting position after installation.

[0066] The housing 1 is provided with at least one through hole 13 that connects the inside and outside of the confined space. The top of the through hole 12 passes through the breathable membrane 2 and communicates with the inside of the confined space. The bottom end face of the through hole 13 is provided with an opening and closing valve plate 4 made of silicone film or plastic film.

[0067] Specifically, the shell 1 is an injection molded part, and the material can be PP (polypropylene). The independent chamber 11 can be configured as a single-chamber, double-chamber, or four-chamber structure according to application requirements, and is divided into large-size, small-size, and fast-absorption specifications according to application scenarios.

[0068] In this embodiment, the valve plate 4 is a fully circumferentially fixed structure. The valve plate 4 is circular, and its outer peripheral edge is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the vent hole 13 of the housing by welding or bonding. The valve plate 4 has a cross-shaped or star-shaped valve opening 41 at its center. This valve opening is composed of multiple radial cuts, which divide the central area of ​​the valve plate into several fan-shaped valves.

[0069] When the air pressure in the confined space is normal or lower than the external atmospheric pressure, each sector valve closes tightly under the action of its own elasticity and external air pressure, and the valve opening 41 is in a closed state, preventing external humid air from seeping into the confined space through the through hole 13.

[0070] When the gas pressure in the confined space rises abnormally to a level higher than the external atmospheric pressure due to gas production caused by sulfide hydrolysis, the gas pressure acts on the inner side of the valve, forcing each sector valve to open outward. The valve opening 41 opens, and the gas containing hydrogen sulfide is quickly discharged to the external atmosphere through the through hole 13, rapidly reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the space.

[0071] When gas production ends and the air pressure in the confined space gradually decreases to below the external atmospheric pressure due to cooling, each sector valve resets and closes under the action of external air pressure and its own elasticity, and the valve opening 41 returns to a sealed state, preventing external humid air from seeping in.

[0072] Example 7: The difference between this example and Example 6 lies in the different structural form of the opening and closing valve plate 4, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0073] In this embodiment, the valve plate 4 is a rectangular valve plate. One side 42 of the valve plate 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom end face of the vent hole 13 of the housing by welding or bonding, while the other three sides are free sides.

[0074] When the air pressure in the confined space is normal or lower than the external atmospheric pressure, the rectangular valve plate, under its own weight and the action of external air pressure, is tightly attached to the bottom end face of the vent 13 to form a seal, preventing the infiltration of external humid air.

[0075] When the gas pressure in the confined space rises abnormally, the gas pressure will push the rectangular valve plate open from the opposite side of the fixed side, forming an exhaust channel, and the gas containing hydrogen sulfide will be quickly discharged through the through hole 13.

[0076] When gas production ends and the gas pressure drops, the rectangular valve plate resets under the action of external gas pressure and its own gravity, and re-adhere to the end face of the vent hole to form a seal.

[0077] Example 8: The difference between this example and Example 6 lies in the structural form and installation method of the opening and closing valve plate 4, such as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0078] In this embodiment, the edge of the valve plate 4 is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure 43. The snap-fit ​​structure 43 cooperates with the snap-fit ​​groove corresponding to the bottom end face of the vent hole 13 of the housing, and the valve plate is quickly installed and fixed through snap-fit ​​connection.

[0079] When the air pressure in the confined space is normal or lower than the external atmospheric pressure, the valve plate 4 is pressed tightly against the bottom end face of the vent 13 under the action of external air pressure, forming a seal.

[0080] When the gas pressure in a confined space rises abnormally, the gas pressure will open the valve plate 4, forming an exhaust channel.

[0081] When gas production ends and the gas pressure drops, the valve plate 4 resets under the action of external gas pressure and re-forms a seal.

[0082] The assembly process flow of the structural components described in Examples 6-8 above is as follows:

[0083] Step 1: Prepare the housing 1, the valve plate 4 (select the corresponding structural form according to the embodiment), the ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene breathable membrane 2, the cover plate with vent holes 3, and the functional materials.

[0084] Step 2: Install the opening and closing valve plate 4 on the bottom end face of the vent hole 13 of the housing, and fix it by welding, bonding or small buckle connection according to the embodiment.

[0085] Step 3: Inject functional materials into each independent compartment 11. The functional materials include dehumidifiers and adsorbents, and the ratio and form (powder, granules, columnar or spherical, shaped by binder) can be adjusted according to application requirements.

[0086] Step 4: Lay the ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene breathable membrane 2 in the annular mounting groove at the top of the shell 1, and perform partial welding or overall welding to fix the breathable membrane 2 to the shell 1.

[0087] Step 5: Cover the top of the shell with the vented cover plate 3 with the vented membrane already welded, and fix it by welding or snapping, preferably by snapping, so that the vented membrane is located between the shell and the cover plate.

[0088] Step 6: Conduct airtightness and functional tests on the assembled structural components. Once qualified, package and store them in the warehouse for customer assembly and application.

[0089] Through the above structural design and assembly process, the structural components of this invention achieve the characteristics of being detachable and replaceable, having adjustable functional materials, and having valve plates that can automatically open and close in response to changes in gas pressure. They are suitable for gas management in sulfide solid-state battery packs, lead-acid battery stacks, and other small enclosed spaces.

[0090] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0091] During normal battery pack operation and with normal air pressure within the confined space, the desiccant continuously absorbs moisture, keeping the relative humidity below the critical value for sulfide electrolyte hydrolysis, thus inhibiting hydrogen sulfide production at its source. Simultaneously, the adsorbent neutralizes or adsorbs any trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases already generated. At this time, the valve is closed, preventing the infiltration of humid external air.

[0092] When the sulfide electrolyte undergoes hydrolysis and produces gas due to accidental water ingress or other reasons, causing the gas pressure in the confined space to rise abnormally to a level higher than the external atmospheric pressure, the valve plate is opened by positive pressure. The hydrogen sulfide gas in the space is quickly discharged to the external atmosphere through the through hole, rapidly reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the space and avoiding the risk of personnel poisoning and explosion.

[0093] After gas production ends, the gas pressure in the confined space gradually decreases to below the external atmospheric pressure due to cooling. The valve plate forms a seal by pressing tightly against the end face of the through hole due to negative pressure, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through hole, maintaining a dry environment in the space, and preventing secondary gas production.

[0094] Through the aforementioned triple mechanism of prevention, control, and emergency response, this invention achieves comprehensive control over harmful gases within the confined space of a sulfide solid-state battery.

[0095] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0096] (1) This invention continuously absorbs moisture within a confined space using a desiccant, controlling the relative humidity below the critical value for hydrolysis of sulfide electrolytes, thereby reducing or even eliminating the generation of hydrogen sulfide at its source. Compared to existing technologies that rely solely on material-side doping modifications, this invention addresses the humidity problem at the battery pack system level without altering the intrinsic electrolyte material, resulting in lower costs and a wider range of applications. Example data shows that when the desiccant content is increased to 80% (Example 3), the dehumidification rate reaches 81%, significantly better than Comparative Example 2 (where no desiccant was used, and condensation appeared on the surface).

[0097] (2) This invention uses adsorbents (molecular sieves, activated carbon, metal oxides, etc.) to neutralize or adsorb generated hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases, forming a second line of defense. Example 1 achieved a desulfurization efficiency of 53%, while Examples 4 and 5 achieved 48% and 46% respectively, verifying the effectiveness of the adsorbent under different formulations. When the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the environment is high, the proportion of adsorbent can be appropriately increased to obtain higher desulfurization efficiency.

[0098] (3) The present invention uses an opening and closing valve plate installed at the bottom of the through hole. When the gas pressure in the confined space rises abnormally due to the gas production from the hydrolysis of sulfides, the opening and closing valve plate is opened by positive pressure, and the gas containing hydrogen sulfide is quickly discharged to the outside atmosphere. This emergency response mechanism can significantly reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the space within a few seconds, preventing it from accumulating to the dangerous threshold (above 100 ppm), effectively ensuring personnel safety and preventing combustion and explosion accidents.

[0099] (4) When gas production ends and the gas pressure in the confined space drops due to cooling, the valve plate automatically presses against the end face of the through hole due to negative pressure to form a seal, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through hole. This mechanism ensures that even after exhaust, the space can still maintain a dry environment, preventing secondary gas production caused by the entry of external moisture, and forming a complete closed loop of exhaust, sealing, and dryness.

[0100] (5) The structural components of this invention adopt snap-fit ​​or threaded connection methods, which can realize quick disassembly and replacement. Users can periodically replace the functional materials inside the structural components or replace the entire structural components according to the actual working conditions and usage cycle of the battery pack, without disassembling the battery pack itself. This design greatly reduces maintenance costs and the difficulty of commercialization, and overcomes the bottleneck of high cost and difficulty in industrialization of existing material modification solutions.

[0101] (6) This invention can be precisely adapted to different humidity environments and hydrogen sulfide gas production rates by adjusting the mass ratio of desiccant to adsorbent (1:1~4:1). The proportion of desiccant can be increased in high humidity environments, and the proportion of adsorbent can be increased in high gas production risk environments. In addition, functional materials such as oxygen removers can be added as needed to further expand the application scenarios.

[0102] (7) This invention is not only applicable to sulfide solid battery PACK boxes, but also to lead-acid battery stacks, energy storage cabinets, chemical storage cabinets and other scenarios that require gas management in confined spaces, and has good versatility and scalability.

[0103] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for managing gas in a confined space, characterized in that, include: A detachable and closable structural component is provided, wherein the structural component contains functional materials and is equipped with a pressure-responsive on / off valve, wherein the functional materials include dehumidifiers and adsorbents; During periods of normal air pressure within a confined space, the dehumidifier absorbs moisture within the space, controlling the relative humidity below the critical value for sulfide electrolyte hydrolysis, thereby inhibiting the generation of hydrogen sulfide at its source; simultaneously, the adsorbent neutralizes or adsorbs the generated hydrogen sulfide and other harmful gases. When the gas pressure in the confined space rises abnormally to a level higher than the external atmospheric pressure due to the gas production from the hydrolysis of sulfides, as an emergency measure, the valve plate is opened by positive pressure, and the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas in the space is quickly discharged to the external atmosphere through the through hole, thereby reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the space. When the air pressure inside the confined space is lower than the external atmospheric pressure due to cooling, the opening and closing valve plate forms a seal by pressing tightly against the end face of the through hole due to negative pressure, preventing external humid air from seeping in through the through hole and maintaining a dry environment inside the space.

2. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional material is in the form of powder, granules, columnar or spherical particles, and is shaped by a binder. In the functional material, the dehumidifier accounts for 50% to 80% of the total mass of the functional material, the adsorbent accounts for 20% to 50% of the total mass, and the binder accounts for 0.1% to 0.5% of the total mass.

3. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The desiccant is a reversible desiccant, including one or more of magnesium salts, calcium salts, silica gels, montmorillonite, and hygroscopic resins.

4. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent includes one or more of the following: mesoporous-macroporous hierarchical porous materials, molecular sieves, zeolites, and activated carbon; or one or more of the following: metal oxides: FeO, ZnO, CuO, MnO2, and Fe2O3.

5. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive includes one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl butyral.

6. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional materials also include oxygen scavengers, including one or more of iron powder, sodium sulfite, vitamin C, and activated carbon, used to eliminate oxygen in confined spaces to reduce the risk of H2S combustion and explosion.

7. The confined space gas management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limited space refers to the narrow space inside a solid-state battery pack, or a lead-acid battery stack, or other small enclosed space.

8. A structural component implementing any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The device includes a shell, inside which one or more independent compartments are provided; each of the independent compartments is filled with a functional material; the top of the shell is provided with an ePTFE expanded polytetrafluoroethylene breathable protective membrane, and a cover plate with vent holes is provided above the breathable membrane; The housing is provided with snaps or threads in the circumferential direction for detachable connection with the mounting position of equipment in an external confined space. The housing is provided with at least one through hole connecting the inside and outside of the confined space. The top of the through hole passes through the breathable membrane and communicates with the inside of the confined space. The bottom end face of the through hole is connected to an opening and closing valve plate, which is used to realize the function of opening for venting under positive pressure and closing for sealing under negative pressure.

9. The structural component according to claim 8, characterized in that, The valve plate is a fixed structure with a cross-shaped or star-shaped valve opening and closing port at its center; or the valve plate is a rectangular valve plate with one side fixedly connected to the end face of the vent hole; or the valve plate has a snap-fit ​​structure on its edge, which is snap-fitted and fixed to the end face of the vent hole.

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