Broadband energy trapping spacer and self-powered galloping monitoring system

Abstract

This application relates to the field of transmission line galloping monitoring, and particularly to a broadband energy-harvesting spacer and a self-powered galloping monitoring system. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer includes a connecting part, a housing, a responding part, a following part, an elastic element, a first friction part, and a second friction part. The housing is connected to the connecting part and has a rotating shaft passing through it. The responding part is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The following part is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft. The elastic element is drivenly connected to both the responding part and the following part, and the rotation of the responding part and the following part is asynchronous due to elastic force. The first friction part is disposed inside the housing and has electrodes electrically connected to an external circuit. The second friction part is disposed on the side of the following part facing the first friction part and maintains sliding contact with the first friction part, enabling it to rub against the first friction part and output an electrical signal to the external circuit through the electrodes. This broadens the operating bandwidth and improves the response capability of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer to low-frequency galloping.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of transmission line galloping monitoring, and in particular to a broadband energy-harvesting spacer and a self-powered galloping monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Transmission lines are exposed to the outdoor environment for extended periods and are susceptible to various wind-induced vibrations. Among these, conductor galloping, a low-frequency, large-amplitude self-excited vibration caused by icing and uneven wind excitation, often leads to serious accidents such as line breaks and tower collapses, posing a significant threat to the safe operation of the power grid.

[0003] Related technologies monitor the electric galloping of transmission lines through vibration energy harvesting, thereby monitoring the line's vibration. Devices such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are commonly used for electric galloping energy harvesting; however, these devices generally suffer from a narrow effective operating frequency band, making it difficult to cover the wide frequency range (0–3 Hz) of conductor galloping. When transmission lines are under low-frequency vibration, the mechanical response capability of the energy harvester is insufficient, resulting in low energy conversion efficiency, severely limiting its practical application under galloping conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a broadband energy-harvesting spacer and a self-powered galloping monitoring system to broaden the operating frequency band of the galloping energy harvesting device and improve the response capability of the galloping energy harvesting device under low-frequency excitation.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a broadband energy-harvesting spacer is provided, comprising a connecting portion, a housing, a responding portion, a follower portion, an elastic element, a first friction portion, and a second friction portion; the connecting portion is used to connect to a power transmission line; the housing is connected to the connecting portion and has a rotating shaft passing through it; the responding portion is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft; the follower portion is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft; the elastic element is drivenly connected to the responding portion and the follower portion respectively, and is configured to make the rotation of the responding portion and the rotation of the follower portion asynchronous through elastic force; the first friction portion is disposed inside the housing and has an electrode electrically connected to an external circuit; the second friction portion is disposed on the side of the follower portion facing the first friction portion and maintains sliding contact with the first friction portion, and is capable of rubbing against the first friction portion and outputting an electrical signal to an external circuit through the electrode.

[0006] In an embodiment of this application, the response unit includes at least one inertial pendulum and a first mass block; each of the inertial pendulums is connected to the rotating shaft and can rotate around the rotating shaft; at least one of the first mass blocks is provided at either end of each of the inertial pendulums.

[0007] In the embodiments of this application, the broadband energy-harvesting spacer bar of this application further includes a mover magnet and a stator magnet; the mover magnet is connected to the inertial pendulum; the stator magnet is connected to the housing and is disposed opposite to the mover magnet with the same polarity, or disposed with opposite polarities.

[0008] In the embodiments of this application, the number of stator magnets is one, and it is directly opposite the mover magnet when the pendulum is naturally at rest; or, the number of stator magnets is multiple, and they are spaced apart in the rotation direction of the pendulum.

[0009] In the embodiments of this application, there are multiple inertial pendulums; the multiple inertial pendulums rotate in the same plane, and adjacent inertial pendulums are fixedly connected.

[0010] In the embodiments of this application, the aforementioned inertial pendulum includes a simple pendulum, a compound pendulum, a double-mass pendulum, or a double-mass compound pendulum.

[0011] In an embodiment of this application, the follower part includes a follower support and at least one second mass block; the follower support is disposed inside the housing, connected to the rotating shaft, rotatable around the rotating shaft, and fixedly connected to the elastic element; at least one of the second mass blocks is connected to the follower support.

[0012] In embodiments of this application, the number of the second mass blocks is multiple; the second mass blocks are symmetrically arranged on the follower support so that the center of mass of the follower support is located on the axis of the rotating shaft; or, the second mass blocks are eccentrically arranged on the follower support so that the center of mass of the follower support is deviated from the axis of the rotating shaft.

[0013] In embodiments of this application, the aforementioned elastic element includes a helical coil spring, a torsion coil spring, or a flexible hinge with elasticity.

[0014] In the embodiments of this application, the first friction part further includes a base layer and a dielectric layer; the base layer is fixedly connected to the housing; the dielectric layer covers the side of the electrode facing the second friction part and maintains sliding contact with the second friction part, for generating charge through friction with the second friction part.

[0015] In embodiments of this application, the electrode includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes; the first electrodes and the second electrodes are configured as fan-shaped or fan-shaped rings with the same central angle, and are alternately disposed between the substrate layer and the dielectric layer around the axis of the rotating shaft, and adjacent first electrodes and second electrodes are insulated from each other.

[0016] In the embodiments of this application, the dielectric layer includes any one of a nylon layer, a polyimide layer, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer; the second friction part is made of a conductive metal material.

[0017] According to another aspect of this application, a self-powered galloping monitoring system is provided, including the aforementioned broadband energy-harvesting spacer, a power management module, a threshold triggering module, and an execution module; the power management module is electrically connected to the aforementioned electrode and is used to collect and transmit the electrical signal output by the aforementioned electrode; the threshold triggering module is electrically connected to the aforementioned power management module, and is internally configured to set a trigger threshold for comparing the voltage in the aforementioned power management module with the magnitude of the aforementioned trigger threshold, and is configured to issue a control command when the voltage of the aforementioned electrical signal is greater than the aforementioned trigger threshold; the execution module is electrically connected to the aforementioned threshold triggering module and is configured to control an external de-icing device to perform a power line de-icing operation in response to the aforementioned control command.

[0018] In the embodiments of this application, the self-powered galloping monitoring system further includes a wireless alarm module; the wireless alarm module is electrically connected to the threshold trigger module and is configured to issue an alarm signal when the voltage of the electrical signal is greater than the trigger threshold.

[0019] According to the embodiments of this application, the broadband energy-harvesting spacer decouples the rigid connection between the response unit and the follower unit by introducing an elastic element, thereby constructing an asynchronous two-degree-of-freedom cooperative motion system. This system retains the first-order low-frequency resonant mode while exciting the second-order resonant mode, thus broadening the working bandwidth. Furthermore, it enables the response unit to break free from rigid drag under low-frequency galloping excitation and enhance the swing amplitude, which is beneficial to improving the response capability of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer to low-frequency galloping. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of a broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is yet another schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is yet another schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is yet another schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the mover magnet and stator magnet according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a mover magnet and a stator magnet according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a mover magnet and a stator magnet according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the follower unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a follower unit according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the second mass block according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a second mass block according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the first friction part according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second friction part according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the first friction part and the second friction part according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is an architecture diagram of a self-powered galloping monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Reference numerals: 1. Connecting part; 11. Sub-conductor; 2. Outer shell; 21. Receiving cavity; 22. Rotating shaft; 23. Top cover; 24. Bottom cover; 3. Response part; 31. Inertial pendulum; 32. First mass block; 4. Follower part; 41. Follower support; 42. Second mass block; 43. Crossbeam; 5. Elastic element; 51. Torsion coil spring; 6. First friction part; 61. Electrode; 611. First electrode; 612. Second electrode; 62. Base layer; 63. Dielectric layer; 7. Second friction part; 8. Moving magnet; 81. Stator magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions herein are used to explain the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of a broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2This application proposes a broadband energy-harvesting spacer, including a connecting part 1, a housing 2, a responding part 3, a follower part 4, an elastic element 5, a first friction part 6, and a second friction part 7; the connecting part 1 is used to connect to a power transmission line; the housing 2 is connected to the connecting part 1 and has a rotating shaft 22 passing through it; the responding part 3 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 22; the follower part 4 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 22; the elastic element 5 is connected to the responding part 3 and the follower part 4 respectively, and is configured to make the rotation of the responding part 3 and the rotation of the follower part 4 asynchronous through elastic force; the first friction part 6 is disposed inside the housing 2 and has an electrode 61 electrically connected to an external circuit; the second friction part 7 is disposed on the side of the follower part 4 facing the first friction part 6 and maintains sliding contact with the first friction part 6, and can rub against the first friction part 6 and output an electrical signal to an external circuit through the electrode 61.

[0024] Connection part 1 is the connection base between the broadband energy-harvesting spacer of this application and the transmission line. For example, in Figure 1 In the illustrated scenario, the transmission line employs a four-split conductor. Four connectors are provided on the outer periphery of the connecting portion 1, each for connecting one of the four-split conductors 11. Those skilled in the art should understand that the shape of the connecting portion 1 can be adaptively changed according to the specific form of the transmission conductor it connects to, and these equivalent changes based on the same inventive concept are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] The outer casing 2 has a hollow internal structure to accommodate the response unit 3, the follower unit 4, the first friction unit 6, and the second friction unit 7. The outer casing 2 has a removable top cover 23 and a bottom cover 24. Furthermore, the structure of the outer casing 2 can be adjusted according to the form of the connecting part 1 to maximize the use of the available space inside the connecting part 1, thereby improving the power capture density of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer. Specifically, the outer casing 2 is, for example, cylindrical, with its axis parallel to the extension direction of the transmission line, installed at the center of the connecting part 1, and forming a cylindrical receiving cavity 21 inside. One end of the rotating shaft 22 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 21, and its axis coincides with the axis of the outer casing 2.

[0026] The response unit 3 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 22 and can rotate freely around the rotating shaft 22. When the transmission line vibrates, the vibration is transmitted to the outer casing 2 via the connection unit 1 and then to the response unit 3, causing the response unit 3 to oscillate, that is, to generate a first-order resonant oscillation based on the vibration of the transmission line.

[0027] The follower 4 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 22 and can rotate freely around the shaft 22. When the power transmission line gallops, the galloping is transmitted to the outer casing 2 via the connecting part 1, causing the response part 3 to oscillate. The oscillation of the response part 3 drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate, thereby transmitting power to the elastic element 5, causing the elastic element 5 to deform and generate elastic force to drive the follower 4 to rotate around the rotating shaft 22, thus causing the follower 4 to produce a second-order resonant oscillation. However, because the elastic element 5 has a hysteresis when transmitting the power of the oscillation of the response part 3 to the follower 4, the oscillation of the follower 4 is difficult to be completely synchronized with the oscillation of the response part 3.

[0028] Based on the asynchronous oscillation of the follower 4 relative to the response 3, the second friction part 7 provided on the follower 4 generates reciprocating sliding friction relative to the first friction part 6 provided inside the housing 2, thereby generating charge transfer on the electrode 61 of the first friction part 6 through the triboelectric effect, and then outputting an electrical signal related to the vibration frequency and amplitude through an external circuit electrically connected to the electrode 61.

[0029] Therefore, in this implementation, by introducing the elastic element 5 to decouple the rigid connection between the response unit and the follower unit, an asynchronous two-degree-of-freedom cooperative motion system is constructed. This system retains the first-order low-frequency resonant mode while exciting the second-order resonant mode, thus broadening the working bandwidth. Furthermore, the response unit 3 is freed from rigid drag under low-frequency galloping excitation, thereby enhancing the swing amplitude. This is beneficial for improving the response capability of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer to low-frequency galloping.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is yet another schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is yet another schematic diagram of an inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another inertial pendulum according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Please refer to Figures 3-7 In some embodiments, the response unit 3 includes at least one inertial pendulum 31 and a first mass block 32; each inertial pendulum 31 is connected to a rotating shaft 22 and can rotate about the rotating shaft 22; at least one first mass block 32 is provided at either end of each inertial pendulum 31.

[0032] Specifically, one end of the pendulum 31, or the portion between the two ends, is fitted onto the rotating shaft 22, allowing the pendulum 31 to rotate around the rotating shaft 22. The first mass block 32 is installed at the end of the pendulum 31 by means of adhesive bonding, welding, or other methods to increase the moment of inertia of the pendulum 31.

[0033] For example in Figure 3In the illustrated configuration, the inertial pendulum 31 is rectangular in shape, with one end along its length fitted onto the rotating shaft 22, and the other end having a first mass block 32 attached to one side along its thickness. Furthermore, to ensure smooth oscillation of the inertial pendulum 31, the end connecting the pendulum 31 to the rotating shaft 22 is rounded.

[0034] For example, in Figure 4 In the case shown, the inertial pendulum 31 is rectangular in shape, with the portion between its two ends in the length direction fitted onto the rotating shaft 22, and a first mass block 32 welded to one side of each end in the thickness direction.

[0035] For example Figure 5 In the case shown, the inertial pendulum 31 is roughly fan-shaped and is coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft 22. Three first mass blocks 32 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the inertial pendulum 31 on one side edge in the thickness direction.

[0036] For example Figure 6 In the scenario shown, the inertial pendulum 31 is roughly fan-shaped and is coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft 22. Three first mass blocks 32 are spaced apart along the rotation direction of the inertial pendulum 31 on one side edge in the thickness direction. One first mass block 32 is located at the position where the inertial pendulum 31 is connected to the rotating shaft 22 and is away from the other three first mass blocks 32.

[0037] For example Figure 7 In the illustrated configuration, the inertial pendulum 31 is roughly fan-shaped and coaxially mounted on the rotating shaft 22. Three first mass blocks 32 are arranged on one side of the inertial pendulum 31 along its thickness direction, forming a symmetrical triangular distribution. The inertial pendulum 31 extends away from these three first mass blocks 32 to form a mounting section, on which two first mass blocks 32 are mounted side-by-side.

[0038] In this implementation, the first mass block 32 increases the moment of inertia of the pendulum 31, and by adjusting the mass size and installation position of the first mass block 32, the moment of inertia of the pendulum 31 can be changed, thereby adjusting the first natural frequency of the pendulum 31, which is beneficial for the pendulum 31 to better match the low-frequency characteristics of the transmission line galloping.

[0039] Furthermore, the first mass block 32 enables the inertial pendulum 31 to accumulate sufficient oscillating kinetic energy when subjected to low-frequency galloping excitation, maintaining a stable reciprocating oscillation amplitude. This helps ensure that the friction part set on the inertial pendulum 31 and the corresponding friction part in the outer shell 2 produce continuous and sufficient relative sliding, thereby improving the energy capture efficiency under low-frequency galloping conditions.

[0040] In some embodiments, there are multiple inertial pendulums 31; the multiple inertial pendulums 31 rotate in the same plane, and adjacent inertial pendulums 31 are fixedly connected.

[0041] Specifically, when there are multiple inertial pendulums 31, the multiple inertial pendulums 31 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of rotation 22. And since the adjacent inertial pendulums 31 are fixedly connected, the multiple inertial pendulums 31 will swing as a whole.

[0042] In this implementation, as the number of inertial pendulums 31 increases, the overall vibration modes of the response unit 3 will become more dispersed, and the frequency interval between each mode will decrease, thereby widening the effective operating frequency band of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer and improving the broadband energy-harvesting capability of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer.

[0043] In some embodiments, the inertial pendulum 31 includes a simple pendulum, a compound pendulum, a bimass pendulum, or a bimass compound pendulum.

[0044] In the simple pendulum model, the pendulum bob is treated as a point mass, and the mass of the string and the size of the pendulum bob are ignored. The inertial pendulum 31 is a simple pendulum because its mass is mainly concentrated in the first mass block 32, while the mass of the inertial pendulum 31 itself can be ignored.

[0045] In the compound pendulum model, the actual shape and mass distribution of the oscillating object need to be considered. The inertial pendulum 31 is a compound pendulum because the mass of the inertial pendulum 31 itself cannot be ignored. When calculating the moment of inertia of the inertial pendulum 31, the inertial pendulum 31 and the first mass block 32 need to be regarded as a whole.

[0046] A double-mass pendulum refers to a pendulum 31 with two inertial pendulums 31, where both pendulums 31 are either simple pendulums, or both are complex pendulums, or one is a simple pendulum and the other is a complex pendulum. A double-mass compound pendulum refers to a pendulum 31 with two inertial pendulums 31, where at least one of them is a compound pendulum.

[0047] In practical applications, the specific form of the inertial pendulum 31 is not limited to one of the models mentioned above, but can be adaptively selected according to the galloping characteristics of the transmission line, installation space constraints, and target operating frequency band. For example, when the line galloping frequency is low and the amplitude is large, a single pendulum or a compound pendulum can be used to simplify the structure and reduce manufacturing costs; when it is necessary to broaden the response bandwidth or improve the multimodal energy capture efficiency, a double-mass pendulum or a double-mass compound pendulum can be used to introduce more degrees of freedom and resonance peaks. Those skilled in the art should understand that the various configurations of the inertial pendulum 31 mentioned above are all based on the same inventive concept, and the asynchronous motion and broadband response mechanism that they can achieve are consistent with the core principle of this application, and will not be elaborated here.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mover magnet and stator magnet according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a mover magnet and a stator magnet according to another embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a mover magnet and a stator magnet according to another embodiment of this application.

[0049] Please refer to Figures 8-10 In some embodiments, the broadband energy-harvesting spacer of this application further includes a mover magnet 8 and a stator magnet 81; the mover magnet 8 is connected to the inertial pendulum 31; the stator magnet 81 is connected to the housing 2 and is arranged opposite to the mover magnet 8 with the same polarity, or arranged with opposite polarities.

[0050] The moving magnet 8 is plate-shaped and installed at the end of the pendulum 31 that is farther from the axis of rotation 22. The stator magnet 81 is plate-shaped and installed on the inner wall of the receiving cavity 21. The same polarity opposite arrangement means that when the stator magnet 81 and the moving magnet 8 are facing each other, the magnetic poles of the stator magnet 81 and the moving magnet 8 with the same polarity are opposite each other. Furthermore, through the principle of like poles repelling and unlike poles attracting, the magnetic interaction between the stator magnet 81 and the moving magnet 8 can counteract part of the restoring torque of gravity on the pendulum 31.

[0051] In other words, through the magnetic interaction between the stator magnet 81 and the mover magnet 8, when the inertial pendulum 31 deviates from its equilibrium position, the direction of the torque generated by the magnetic force is opposite to the direction of the gravitational restoring torque, thereby weakening the gravitational constraint on the pendulum's return to equilibrium. Furthermore, the magnitude of the magnetic force can be flexibly adjusted by regulating the gap or relative angle between the two magnets.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by setting stator magnet 81 and mover magnet 8, the inertial pendulum 31 can overcome static friction resistance and start swinging under lower frequency transmission line galloping excitation, effectively compensating for the starting dead zone caused by Coulomb damping effect (constant magnitude frictional resistance generated by relative sliding of contact surfaces in a vibration system, whose direction is always opposite to the velocity) between friction pairs, softening the potential energy curve, thereby helping to improve the response capability of the device under low frequency micro-amplitude vibration conditions.

[0053] In some embodiments, the number of stator magnets 81 is one, and it is directly opposite the mover magnet 8 when the pendulum 31 is naturally at rest; or, the number of stator magnets 81 is multiple, and they are spaced apart in the rotation direction of the pendulum 31.

[0054] It should be noted that, Figures 8-10 The upper part of the inertial pendulum 31 and the inner wall of the receiving cavity 21 are omitted, while the lower end of the inertial pendulum 31 is retained to more clearly show the positional relationship between the stator magnet 81 and the mover magnet 8.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 8As shown, there is one moving magnet 8 and one stator magnet 81. When the inertial pendulum 31 is at rest, the stator magnet 81 is directly opposite the moving magnet 8.

[0056] Or, such as Figure 9 As shown, there is one moving magnet 8 and two stator magnets 81. When the inertial pendulum 31 is at rest, the two stator magnets 81 are located on both sides of the moving magnet 8.

[0057] Or, such as Figure 10 As shown, there is one moving magnet 8 and three stator magnets 81. When the inertial pendulum 31 is at rest, one of the stator magnets 81 is directly opposite the moving magnet 8, and the other two are located on the left and right sides of the moving magnet 8, respectively.

[0058] It should be noted that the arrangement of stator magnet 81 and mover magnet 8 is not limited to the three types listed above. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable arrangement of stator magnet 81 and mover magnet 8 according to the galloping conditions of the transmission line, the spatial structure inside the housing 2, and the output requirements of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer.

[0059] In this implementation, by changing the number of logarithms of the mover magnet 8 and the stator magnet 81, the distance between the mover magnet 8 and the stator magnet 81, and the relative angle, the magnetic negative stiffness (the magnitude of the force between the mover magnet 8 and the stator magnet 81) and its nonlinear characteristics can be flexibly adjusted, thereby further optimizing the starting frequency and vibration response sensitivity of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer.

[0060] By flexibly arranging the single stator magnet 81, double stator magnet 81, or triple stator magnet 81, this application can selectively adjust the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force on the inertial pendulum 31 at each angular position during its rotation stroke, according to different spatial constraints and performance requirements.

[0061] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the follower unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a follower unit according to another embodiment of this application.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12 In some embodiments, the follower part 4 includes a follower support 41 and at least one second mass block 42; the follower support 41 is disposed inside the housing 2, connected to the rotating shaft 22, can rotate around the rotating shaft 22, and is fixedly connected to the elastic element 5; at least one second mass block 42 is connected to the follower support 41.

[0063] The follower support 41 is annular and has a crossbeam 43. The two ends of the crossbeam 43 are fixedly connected to the follower support 41 and pass through the center of the follower support 41. The rotating shaft 22 passes through the crossbeam 43, so that the follower support 41 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 22. The second mass block 42 is installed on one side of the follower support 41 along the axial direction to increase the rotational inertia of the follower support 41.

[0064] The elastic element 5 includes a helical coil spring 51, a torsion coil spring 51, or a flexible hinge with elasticity, or other elastic elements capable of asynchronous rotation of the responding part 3 and the following part 4. Figure 11 In the illustrated scenario, the elastic element 5 is, for example, a torsion spring 51. The center end of the torsion spring 51 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 22, and the outer end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the follower support 41. Thus, when the rotating shaft 22 rotates, it first causes the torsion spring 51 to undergo elastic deformation, thereby generating an elastic force. The torsion spring 51 then drives the follower support 41 to rotate through the elastic force.

[0065] Furthermore, by changing parameters such as the stiffness, damping, or preload of the elastic element 5, the coupling strength between the response section 3 and the follower section 4 can be adjusted, thereby affecting the vibration mode distribution of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer. For example, increasing the stiffness of the elastic element 5 will raise the modal frequency of the follower section 4 and enhance the motion transmission between the response section 3 and the follower section 4; decreasing the stiffness of the elastic element 5 will lower the modal frequency of the follower section 4 and enhance the motion independence between the response section 3 and the follower section 4, which is beneficial for broadening the low-frequency response range of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer.

[0066] In this implementation, the follower support 41 adopts a ring structure and is equipped with a crossbeam 43 passing through its center. This ensures the rotational freedom of the follower part 4 as a whole on the rotating shaft 22 and provides a stable bearing foundation for the installation of the second mass block 42. Simultaneously, when the rotating shaft 22 rotates due to the oscillation of the response part 3, it first causes the torsion spring 51 to undergo elastic deformation and generate elastic force. Then, the torsion spring 51 releases the elastic force and transmits it to the follower support 41, driving the follower support 41 to rotate around the rotating shaft 22. Because the transmission of elastic force requires the deformation and recovery process of the spring, the rotation of the follower support 41 lags behind the rotation of the response part 3, achieving asynchronous motion between the response part 3 and the follower part 4.

[0067] Furthermore, by rationally selecting the stiffness coefficient of the torsion coil spring 51 and the mass size of the second mass block 42, the phase difference and response frequency of the asynchronous motion can be flexibly adjusted, so that the broadband energy-harvesting spacer can maintain effective relative sliding friction under different external excitation conditions, which is conducive to improving the stability and adaptability of broadband vibration energy harvesting.

[0068] Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the second mass block according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a second mass block according to another embodiment of this application.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 13 , Figure 14 In some embodiments, there are multiple second mass blocks 42; the second mass blocks 42 are symmetrically arranged on the follower support 41 so that the center of mass of the follower support 41 is located on the axis of the rotating shaft 22; or, the second mass blocks 42 are eccentrically arranged on the follower support 41 so that the center of mass of the follower support 41 is deviated from the axis of the rotating shaft 22.

[0070] For example in Figure 13 In the illustrated configuration, there are two second mass blocks 42. Both second mass blocks 42 are located on the side of the follower support 41 opposite to the torsion spring 51 along its axial direction, and are respectively positioned at the connection points between the follower support 41 and the crossbeam 43. At this time, the two second mass blocks 42 are symmetrically arranged about one diameter of the follower support 41 as an axis of symmetry, and the center of mass of the follower support 41 is located on the axis of the rotation shaft 22.

[0071] For example, in Figure 14 In the illustrated scenario, there is one second mass block 42, located on the side of the follower support 41 that is away from the torsion spring 51 in its axial direction. At this time, the center of mass of the follower support 41 is offset from the axis of the rotating shaft 22.

[0072] In this implementation, when the second mass block 42 is symmetrically arranged, the second mass block 42 only increases the moment of inertia without introducing additional gravitational torque. The natural frequency of the follower 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the mass of the second mass block 42. When the second mass block 42 is eccentrically arranged, in addition to increasing the moment of inertia, the second mass block 42 also introduces additional gravitational restoring torque, thereby changing the torsional stiffness and equilibrium position of the follower 4, thereby further adjusting the modal response characteristics of the follower 4.

[0073] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the first friction part according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the second friction part according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the first friction part and the second friction part according to an embodiment of this application.

[0074] Please refer to Figures 15-17 In some embodiments, the first friction part 6 further includes a base layer 62 and a dielectric layer 63; the base layer 62 is fixedly connected to the housing 2; the dielectric layer 63 covers the side of the electrode 61 facing the second friction part 7 and maintains sliding contact with the second friction part 7, for generating charge by friction with the second friction part 7.

[0075] The base layer 62 serves as the mounting base for the electrode 61, used to fix and mount the electrode 61. The second friction part 7 is a layered structure attached to the follower support 41 on the side facing the first friction part 6. When the follower part 4 drives the dielectric layer 63 to slide back and forth relative to the second friction part 7, equal amounts of opposite charges are generated between the dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7 through the triboelectric effect. Driven by electrostatic induction, electrons flow through the electrode 61 in the external circuit, forming an alternating current signal.

[0076] The dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7 must be made of materials with triboelectric effect and different polarities. For example, the dielectric layer 63 may be any one of a nylon layer, a polyimide layer, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer; the second friction part 7 may be made of a conductive metal material. Furthermore, the greater the relative polarity difference between the dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7, the better the power generation effect of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer. Further, by changing the material type, surface microstructure, or contact area of ​​the dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7, the output performance of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer can be adjusted.

[0077] In this embodiment, the mechanical energy of the transmission line galloping is converted into electrical energy through friction between the dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7, as well as the induction of the electrode 61. Furthermore, by optimizing the selection of the materials of the dielectric layer 63 and the second friction part 7, the power generation efficiency of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer can be improved, which is beneficial to improving the stability of broadband vibration energy harvesting.

[0078] In some embodiments, electrode 61 includes a plurality of first electrodes 611 and a plurality of second electrodes 612; the first electrodes 611 and the second electrodes 612 are configured as fan-shaped or fan-shaped rings with the same central angle, and are alternately disposed between the substrate layer 62 and the dielectric layer 63 around the axis of the rotating shaft 22, and adjacent first electrodes 611 and second electrodes 612 are insulated from each other.

[0079] In this embodiment, when the dielectric layer 63 reciprocates and slides relative to the electrode 61 under the drive of the follower 4, the static charge carried on the surface of the dielectric layer 63 sweeps across the alternating first electrode 611 and second electrode 612 in space as it moves. Since the first electrode 611 and the second electrode 612 are insulated from each other and are independently connected to different terminals of the external circuit, the movement of the static charge causes the distribution state of the induced charge in the first electrode 611 and the second electrode 612 to change alternately. That is, when the region of the electrostatically charged dielectric layer 63 passes over the first electrode 611, a charge of opposite polarity is induced in the first electrode 611; when the region continues to move over the second electrode 612, a corresponding induced charge is generated in the second electrode 612. Thus, an alternating potential difference is formed between the first electrode 611 and the second electrode 612, driving electrons to flow back and forth in the external load circuit, thereby outputting an alternating current signal.

[0080] Therefore, according to the embodiments of this application, the broadband energy-harvesting spacer, by introducing the elastic element 5 to decouple the rigid connection between the response unit and the follower unit, constructs an asynchronous two-degree-of-freedom cooperative motion system. This system retains the first-order low-frequency resonant mode while exciting the second-order resonant mode, thus broadening the working bandwidth. Furthermore, it enables the response unit 3 to break free from rigid drag under low-frequency galloping excitation and enhance the swing amplitude, which is beneficial to improving the response capability of the broadband energy-harvesting spacer to low-frequency galloping.

[0081] Figure 18 This is an architecture diagram of a self-powered galloping monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0082] Please refer to Figure 18 Based on the same concept, this application also proposes a self-powered galloping monitoring system, including a broadband energy-harvesting spacer bar, a power management module, a threshold triggering module, and an execution module as described in any of the above embodiments; the power management module is electrically connected to the electrode 61 and is used to collect and conduct the electrical signal output by the electrode 61; the threshold triggering module is electrically connected to the power management module and has an internal trigger threshold, which is used to compare the voltage in the power management module with the magnitude of the trigger threshold, and is configured to issue a control command when the voltage of the electrical signal is greater than the trigger threshold; the execution module is electrically connected to the threshold triggering module and is configured to control an external de-icing device to perform a power line de-icing operation in response to the control command.

[0083] The power management module includes a rectifier circuit, a buck converter circuit, and a capacitor. The rectifier circuit, electrically connected to electrode 61, rectifies the AC power generated by the wideband energy-harvesting spacer, converting it into stable DC power usable by the threshold trigger module and the execution module. The buck converter circuit, electrically connected to the rectifier circuit, reduces the voltage in the external circuit to match the operating voltage of the threshold trigger module and the execution module. The capacitor, electrically connected to the output of the buck converter circuit, acts as a filter and energy storage element, ensuring that the wideband energy-harvesting spacer can still output stable and reliable power to the external circuit under random, wideband, and variable amplitude excitation.

[0084] The threshold trigger module is used to monitor the voltage of the capacitor and includes a threshold trigger circuit. As charge accumulates in the capacitor, the voltage gradually increases. When the threshold is reached, the threshold trigger circuit automatically turns on, thereby sending a control command to the execution module.

[0085] The execution module is linked with the de-icing equipment of the transmission line. When the execution module receives a control command, it can promptly start the de-icing program in the de-icing equipment, thereby eliminating the ice on the transmission line in a timely manner to suppress the further development of galloping.

[0086] In this implementation, the self-powered galloping monitoring system is driven by the mechanical energy of the galloping of the transmission line and uses the galloping itself as a synchronous trigger signal, avoiding the burden on power system layout and maintenance caused by adding extra equipment, and providing a new idea for the power supply method of wireless sensor network nodes of transmission lines.

[0087] Please continue to refer to Figure 18 In some embodiments, the self-powered galloping monitoring system further includes a wireless alarm module; the wireless alarm module is electrically connected to the threshold trigger module and is configured to issue an alarm signal when the voltage of the electrical signal is greater than the trigger threshold.

[0088] The wireless alarm module emits various alarm signals, including sound and light, to alert staff to icing conditions on power transmission lines. This creates an autonomous sensing closed loop of "energy capture-trigger-alarm," enabling synchronized excitation and triggering during the dance.

[0089] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A broadband energy-harvesting spacer, characterized in that, include: Connecting part, used to connect power transmission lines; The outer casing is connected to the connecting part, and a rotating shaft is inserted inside it; The responsive part is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft; The follower is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft; An elastic element is connected to the response part and the follower part respectively, and is configured to make the rotation of the response part and the rotation of the follower part asynchronous by means of elastic force; A first friction part is disposed inside the housing and has electrodes electrically connected to an external circuit; and, The second friction part is disposed on the side of the follower part facing the first friction part and maintains sliding contact with the first friction part. It can rub against the first friction part and output an electrical signal to an external circuit through the electrode.

2. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response unit includes: At least one inertial pendulum; each of the inertial pendulums is connected to the axis of rotation and is rotatable about the axis of rotation; and, First mass block; at least one first mass block is provided at either end of each of the inertial pendulums.

3. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes, A moving magnet is connected to the inertial pendulum; and, The stator magnet is connected to the housing and is arranged opposite to the mover magnet with the same polarity, or with opposite polarities.

4. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of stator magnets is one, and it is directly opposite the mover magnet when the inertial pendulum is at rest. or, The stator magnets are multiple and are spaced apart in the rotation direction of the pendulum.

5. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of inertial pendulums is multiple; the multiple inertial pendulums rotate in the same plane, and adjacent inertial pendulums are fixedly connected.

6. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inertial pendulum includes a simple pendulum, a compound pendulum, a bimass pendulum, or a bimass compound pendulum.

7. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The follower includes: A follower support, disposed inside the housing, connected to the rotating shaft, rotatable about the rotating shaft, and fixedly connected to the elastic element; and, At least one second mass block is connected to the follower support.

8. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of the second mass blocks is multiple; The second mass block is symmetrically arranged on the follower support so that the center of mass of the follower support is located on the axis of the rotating shaft; or, The second mass block is eccentrically positioned on the follower support so that the center of mass of the follower support is offset from the axis of the rotating shaft.

9. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic element includes a helical coil spring, a torsion coil spring, or a flexible hinge with elasticity.

10. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first friction part further includes: The base layer is fixedly connected to the housing. A dielectric layer covers the side of the electrode facing the second friction part and maintains sliding contact with the second friction part, for generating charge through friction with the second friction part.

11. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 10, characterized in that, The electrode includes a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes; The first electrode and the second electrode are configured as a sector or sector ring with the same central angle, and are alternately arranged between the base layer and the dielectric layer around the axis of rotation, and adjacent first electrodes and second electrodes are insulated from each other.

12. The broadband energy-harvesting spacer according to claim 11, characterized in that, The dielectric layer includes any one of a nylon layer, a polyimide layer, and a polytetrafluoroethylene layer; The second friction part is made of a conductive metal material.

13. A self-powered galloping monitoring system, characterized in that, include: The broadband energy-harvesting spacer as described in any one of claims 1-12; A power management module, electrically connected to the electrode, is used to collect and transmit the electrical signals output by the electrode; A threshold triggering module is electrically connected to the power management module. It has an internal trigger threshold for comparing the voltage in the power management module with the trigger threshold. It is configured to issue a control command when the voltage of the electrical signal is greater than the trigger threshold. as well as, The execution module, electrically connected to the threshold triggering module, is configured to control external de-icing equipment to perform power line de-icing operations in response to the control command.

14. The self-powered galloping monitoring system according to claim 13, characterized in that, Also includes: A wireless alarm module is electrically connected to the threshold trigger module and is configured to issue an alarm signal when the voltage of the electrical signal is greater than the trigger threshold.

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