Two-way energy storage circuit unit and method for super large dynamic of computing power cluster

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of two-way energy storage circuit units and methods for super large dynamic of computing power cluster, the energy interaction path of reconstruction energy storage element and bus is connected by specific topology, when working, according to the relationship between the voltage of two energy storage elements and the voltage of DC bus, two-mode regulation is adopted: when the sum of voltage is not greater than bus voltage, two energy storage elements are equivalent in series, and the duty cycle of the fifth switch tube is adjusted to realize continuous regulation of voltage from zero;When the sum of voltage is between bus voltage and twice bus voltage, two energy storage elements are equivalent in parallel, and the duty cycle of the first switch tube is adjusted to realize wide-range voltage regulation.The application significantly improves efficiency and power density;At the same time, the voltage and current of the energy storage element are naturally balanced, no additional voltage equalization circuit is needed, the control is simple, the energy storage element can be continuously regulated from zero to a wide range, and is suitable for computing power cluster super large dynamic damping in high-voltage DC bus scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to power electronics technology, and more particularly to a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit and method for super-large dynamic computing clusters. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, AI accelerators, represented by Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), are driving an exponential increase in the power supply demand of data centers / computing centers. How to reduce the energy consumption of data centers / computing centers and achieve green, efficient, and high-quality development of data centers has become an urgent problem to solve. GPUs are typical pulsed power loads. According to the "Power Stabilization for AI Training Datacenters" jointly published by Microsoft, OpenAI, and NVIDIA, during training tasks, the power consumption of a single GPU card frequently switches between nearly twice its thermal design power and a low-power mode—forming a so-called "super dynamic" operating mode. When GPU clusters in a computing center are running synchronously, this power fluctuation is amplified to the rack, server room, and even power grid levels, causing serious challenges at multiple levels. The ultra-large current surges caused by super dynamics can directly cause sudden rises and falls in system bus voltage, generating periodic voltage flicker and broadband harmonic disturbances. Severe bus power fluctuations can not only cause false triggering of over / under voltage protection of the computing center's power supply, but also lead to major failures such as training task interruption, computing data loss, and cluster downtime. In addition, power surges can also impact the upstream distribution network, causing problems such as transformer power oscillations and a surge in line losses, which significantly increases the operation and maintenance costs and equipment failure rate of computing power / data centers.

[0003] To address the impact of massive dynamics in computing clusters, NVIDIA proposed in a paper presented at the 2026 IEEE APEC International Conference (L. Gu, A. Habih, et al. Active Power Buffer for Smoothing GPU Workload Transients in Data Center Power Delivery. IEEE APEC, 2026, pp.158-162) that energy storage units such as capacitors, supercapacitors, or batteries can be connected to the DC bus via bidirectional DC-DC converters. These bidirectional DC-DC converters actively regulate the charging and discharging of the energy storage units, achieving pulse power buffering and thus eliminating the impact of pulse power on the power supply system. Although the solution can effectively deal with the impact of power fluctuations, it has the following problems: (1) The bidirectional converter has a high power capacity. That is, the bidirectional converter connected to the energy storage unit is usually designed according to the peak power of the pulse, which leads to its design capacity being too high and the voltage and current stress on the power devices being too large, which greatly increases the cost of the power supply system of the data / computing center; (2) The power loss is too high. Since all the charging and discharging power of the energy storage unit needs to go through two power conversions through the bidirectional converter, the additional loss is too high and the heat generation is serious, which seriously reduces the overall energy consumption and PUE level of the data / computing center. The excessive heat generation also greatly increases the heat dissipation burden of the system; (3) The power density is too low. Due to the excessively high design power capacity and serious heat generation, the overall power density of the bidirectional converter of the energy storage is greatly reduced, which makes it difficult to meet the stringent power density requirements of the power supply system of the data / computing center.

[0004] Furthermore, with the explosive growth in power supply capacity of data / computing centers, the voltage of their power supply buses is constantly increasing. Currently, the power supply architecture of computing centers is evolving towards a high-voltage DC power supply architecture based on an 800V DC bus, and will further evolve towards 1500V buses or even higher voltages in the future. However, the individual voltages of energy storage components such as supercapacitors and energy storage capacitors are still relatively low. To meet the requirements of high-voltage DC bus pulsating power buffering, capacitors are often used in series, which requires additional voltage balancing circuits, further complicating the design, implementation, and control of bidirectional energy storage units. Moreover, in order to fully utilize the energy storage capacity of the discharge capacitor, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is often required to fluctuate as much as possible during operation, that is, the voltage during discharge should be as low as possible. However, excessively low discharge capacitor voltage requires the bidirectional converter to have a higher boost capability, which further increases the power stress and losses of the bidirectional energy storage converter, leading to a further increase in its size, weight, power consumption, and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies mentioned in the background art by providing a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit and method for super-large dynamic computing clusters.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters includes first and second inductors, first to seventh switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0008] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0009] The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0010] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0011] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switch, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the sixth switch, respectively.

[0012] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the seventh switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the sixth switch, respectively.

[0013] The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor.

[0014] As a further optimization of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters of the present invention, the first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0015] This invention also discloses a control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit oriented towards super-large dynamic range of computing power clusters, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step A.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0017] Step A.2), set the duty cycle of the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be equal and staggered by 180°, and the signal obtained by taking the OR of the drive signals of the fifth switch and the sixth switch is complementary to the drive signal of the seventh switch.

[0018] Step A.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0019] The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0020] Step A.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0021] The seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. The duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0022] This invention also discloses another control method for the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit oriented towards super-large dynamic range of computing power clusters, including the following steps:

[0023] Step B.1) Set the drive signals of the first switch and the second switch to be complementary, the drive signals of the third switch and the first switch to be synchronized, and the drive signals of the fourth switch and the second switch to be synchronized.

[0024] Step B.2), set the drive signals of the seventh switch and the fifth switch to be complementary, and the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be synchronized;

[0025] Step B.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0026] The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0027] Step B.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0028] The seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is regulated by adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the drive signal of the first switch.

[0029] The present invention also discloses another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, including first and second inductors, first and sixth switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0030] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0031] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0032] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the fifth switching transistor, respectively.

[0033] The other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the first energy storage element and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0034] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the fifth switch, respectively.

[0035] The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor.

[0036] As a further optimization of this bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, the first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0037] This invention also discloses a control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit oriented towards super-large dynamic range of computing power clusters, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Step C.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0039] Step C.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary;

[0040] Step C.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0041] The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0042] Step C.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0043] The sixth switch remains on, the fifth switch remains off, and the duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0044] The present invention also discloses a third type of bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, including first and second inductors, first to sixth switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0045] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the sixth switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0046] The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0047] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0048] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor and one end of the first inductor, respectively;

[0049] The other end of the first inductor is connected to the source of the first switching transistor and the drain of the second switching transistor, respectively;

[0050] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switching transistor and the source of the second switching transistor, respectively.

[0051] As a further optimization of the third type of bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, the first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0052] This invention also discloses a control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit oriented towards super-large dynamic range of computing power clusters, comprising the following steps:

[0053] Step D.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0054] Step D.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary;

[0055] Step D.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0056] The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0057] Step D.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0058] The sixth switch remains on, the fifth switch remains off, and the duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical effects:

[0060] 1. Effectively reduces voltage and current stress on switching devices and system cost:

[0061] This invention significantly reduces the voltage and current stress on switching transistors and inductors through innovative internal topology connections in a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit. It substantially reduces switching and conduction losses in active devices, copper losses in circuits, and iron losses in magnetic components, thereby lowering the development difficulty and maintenance costs of power supply systems for data / computing centers.

[0062] 2. Achieved system-level power density improvement:

[0063] Thanks to the lower power capacity and power loss of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in this invention, the volume and weight of the converter itself and even the related thermal management system are significantly reduced, achieving a leapfrog improvement in system-level power density, which can well adapt to the stringent space utilization constraints of the computing center power supply system.

[0064] 3. Automatic switching between series and parallel operation modes reduces the converter's boost capability requirements:

[0065] When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage, the two energy storage elements operate in equivalent series; otherwise, they operate in equivalent parallel. This effectively solves the stringent requirements on the boost capability of the bidirectional converter due to the excessively low voltage during deep discharge of the energy storage capacitor, and reduces the design margin and cost of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0066] 4. The voltage of the energy storage element can be continuously and over a wide range, starting from zero.

[0067] It can automatically achieve soft start, full range voltage and current adjustment, and adapt to large range of energy storage voltage fluctuations. In particular, when capacitor energy storage is selected, by allowing wide range of capacitor voltage fluctuations, it can significantly reduce the requirements for energy storage capacitor capacity, size, weight and cost.

[0068] 5. The control method is simple and requires no additional pressure equalization control:

[0069] In this invention, the voltage and current of the first and second energy storage units in the bidirectional energy storage circuit are naturally balanced, which fundamentally solves the voltage balancing problem caused by the series use of energy storage elements in the high voltage DC bus scenario, avoids additional sampling and control circuits, further reduces system cost and improves reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0071] Figure 2 This is a topology diagram of a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit with negative coupling in an inductor in another embodiment;

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control method in the embodiment when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage;

[0073] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the control method in the embodiment when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is greater than the DC bus voltage;

[0074] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a control method in other embodiments when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage;

[0075] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a control method in other embodiments when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is greater than the DC bus voltage;

[0076] Figure 7 This is another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit topology diagram in other embodiments;

[0077] Figure 8 This is another energy storage circuit unit topology with inductive negative coupling in other embodiments;

[0078] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a control method for another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in other embodiments when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage;

[0079] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a control method for another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in other embodiments when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is greater than the DC bus voltage;

[0080] Figure 11 This is another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit topology diagram in other embodiments;

[0081] Figure 12 This is another energy storage circuit unit topology diagram with inductive negative coupling in other embodiments;

[0082] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in another embodiment when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage;

[0083] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in another embodiment when the sum of the voltages of the energy storage elements is greater than the DC bus voltage;

[0084] Figure 15 This refers to the super-large dynamic processing principle of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit computing power cluster described in the embodiment;

[0085] Figure 16 This is a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit topology diagram;

[0086] Figure 17 This is a control principle diagram of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0087] Figure 18 These are the simulation results of key waveforms of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0088] Figure 19 This is a detailed waveform diagram of the inductor current of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0089] Figure 20 These are key experimental waveforms of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0090] Figure 21 These are key experimental waveforms of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0091] Figure 22 This is a detailed waveform diagram of the inductor current of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment;

[0092] Figure 23 This is the measured efficiency curve of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0093] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0094] This invention can be implemented in many different forms and should not be considered limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully express the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, components are enlarged for clarity.

[0095] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, and / or parts, these elements, components, and / or parts are not limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish elements, components, and / or parts from one another. Therefore, the first element, component, and / or part discussed below may be a second element, component, or part without departing from the teachings of this invention.

[0096] This invention provides a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes first and second inductors, first to seventh switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0097] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0098] The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0099] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0100] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switch, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the sixth switch, respectively.

[0101] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the seventh switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the sixth switch, respectively.

[0102] The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor, respectively.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, for this bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, in order to improve the effect, the first inductor and the second inductor are further negatively coupled, and the coupling coefficient M is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0104] This invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, comprising the following steps:

[0105] Step A.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0106] Step A.2), set the duty cycle of the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be equal and staggered by 180°, and the signal obtained by taking the OR of the drive signals of the fifth switch and the sixth switch is complementary to the drive signal of the seventh switch.

[0107] Step A.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, the first and third switching transistors are kept on, while the second and fourth switching transistors are kept off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0109] Step A.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0110] like Figure 4 As shown, the seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. Adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the first switch regulates the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0111] The present invention also provides another control method for more than one bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, comprising the following steps:

[0112] Step B.1) Set the drive signals of the first switch and the second switch to be complementary, the drive signals of the third switch and the first switch to be synchronized, and the drive signals of the fourth switch and the second switch to be synchronized.

[0113] Step B.2), set the drive signals of the seventh switch and the fifth switch to be complementary, and the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be synchronized;

[0114] Step B.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0115] like Figure 5 As shown, the first and third switching transistors are kept on, while the second and fourth switching transistors are kept off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0116] Step B.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0117] like Figure 6 As shown, the seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. Adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the drive signal of the first switch regulates the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0118] like Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also discloses another bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, including first and second inductors, first and sixth switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0119] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0120] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0121] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the fifth switching transistor, respectively.

[0122] The other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the first energy storage element and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0123] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the fifth switch, respectively.

[0124] The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor, respectively.

[0125] like Figure 8 As shown, for this bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, in order to improve the effect, the first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling, and the coupling coefficient M is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0126] The present invention also provides a control method for the above-mentioned bidirectional energy storage circuit units, comprising the following steps:

[0127] Step C.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0128] Step C.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary;

[0129] Step C.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0130] like Figure 9 As shown, the first and third switching transistors are kept on, while the second and fourth switching transistors are kept off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0131] Step C.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0132] like Figure 10 As shown, the sixth switch remains on and the fifth switch remains off. Adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the first switch regulates the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0133] This invention also provides a third type of bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, such as... Figure 11 As shown, it includes first and second inductors, first and sixth switching transistors, first and second energy storage elements, and a DC bus;

[0134] The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the sixth switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively.

[0135] The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively.

[0136] The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively.

[0137] The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor and one end of the first inductor, respectively;

[0138] The other end of the first inductor is connected to the source of the first switching transistor and the drain of the second switching transistor, respectively;

[0139] The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switching transistor and the source of the second switching transistor, respectively.

[0140] like Figure 12 As shown, for this bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, in order to improve the effect, the first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling, and the coupling coefficient M is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0141] This invention also provides a control method for the third type of bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, comprising the following steps:

[0142] Step D.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°.

[0143] Step D.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary;

[0144] Step D.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0145] like Figure 13 As shown, the first and third switching transistors are kept on, while the second and fourth switching transistors are kept off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor.

[0146] Step D.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage:

[0147] like Figure 14 As shown, the sixth switch remains on and the fifth switch remains off. Adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the first switch regulates the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

[0148] To make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, using a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as an example of the first to seventh switching transistors, and a supercapacitor as an example of the first and second energy storage units. It should be understood that this is only a preferred embodiment for ease of explanation and is not a limitation of the present invention. In other embodiments, the switching transistors may also be insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), gallium nitride (GaN), or other types of power electronic switching devices, and the energy storage units may also be electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors, lithium batteries, or other types of batteries and capacitor elements.

[0149] The voltage and current self-balancing characteristics of the energy storage element described in the embodiment will be analyzed below:

[0150] When the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of voltages is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage and uses, for example Figure 3 When the control method shown is applied, the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit has four possible operating modes.

[0151] Mode 1 (t0 ~ t1): At this time, the fifth switch Q5 is turned on, the sixth switch Q6 and the seventh switch Q7 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0152] ;

[0153] ;

[0154] Among them, V L1,1 V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode 1. L2,1 V is the voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode 1. in The DC bus voltage, v s2 The voltage of the second energy storage element is denoted as .

[0155] Mode 2 (t1 ~ t2): At this time, the seventh switch Q7 is turned on, the fifth switch Q5 and the sixth switch Q6 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0156] ;

[0157] ;

[0158] Among them, V L1,2 V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode 2. L2,2 The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode 1 is v. s1 The voltage of the first energy storage element is denoted as .

[0159] Mode 3 (t2 ~ t3): At this time, the sixth switch Q6 is turned on, and the fifth switch Q5 and the seventh switch Q7 are turned off. The voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 at this time can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0160] ;

[0161] ;

[0162] Among them, V L1,3 V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode 3. L2,3 The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode 3.

[0163] Mode 4 (t3 ~ t4): At this time, the seventh switch Q7 is turned on, the fifth switch Q5 and the sixth switch Q6 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0164] ;

[0165] ;

[0166] Among them, V L1,4 V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode 4. L2,4 The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode 4.

[0167] Based on the volt-second balance between the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2:

[0168] ;

[0169] Where d1 is the duty cycle of the drive signal for the fifth switch Q5. Therefore, we can solve for:

[0170] ;

[0171] Therefore, when the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of voltages is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage and uses, for example Figure 3 In the aforementioned control method, when d5 is adjusted from 0.5 to 0, the first energy storage element C... s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of voltages can range from 0 to V. in The current is regulated. This avoids the large current surge that occurs when a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit with a large capacity energy storage unit is powered on.

[0172] Furthermore, when the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 When the sum of voltages is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage, the following method shall be adopted: Figure 3 In the control method described above, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 are directly connected in parallel. Therefore, the operating current i of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 is... L1 with i L2 Current sharing is achieved through impedance equalization. Since the impedance difference between the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be controlled within a very small range, the current i of the two inductors can be easily obtained. L1 with i L2Automatic balancing. Furthermore, based on the unit working principle and method of the bidirectional energy storage circuit, it is easy to understand that the first energy storage element C... s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 The charging and discharging currents are also naturally balanced.

[0173] When the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage and uses, for example Figure 4 When the control method shown is applied, the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit has four possible operating modes.

[0174] Mode a (t0 ~ t1): At this time, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0175] ;

[0176] ;

[0177] Among them, V L1,a V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode a. L2,a The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode a.

[0178] Mode b (t1 ~ t2): At this time, the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the first switch Q1 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0179] ;

[0180] ;

[0181] Among them, V L1,b V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode b. L2,b The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode b.

[0182] Mode c (t2 ~ t3): At this time, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 are turned on, the second switch Q2 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0183] ;

[0184] ;

[0185] Among them, V L1,c V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode c. L2,c The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode c.

[0186] Mode d (t3 ~ t4): At this time, the first switch Q1 and the fourth switch Q4 are turned on, the second switch Q2 and the third switch Q3 are turned off, and the voltage across the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as (the first terminal of the inductor is the positive reference direction of the inductor voltage):

[0187] ;

[0188] ;

[0189] Among them, V L1,d V is the voltage of the first inductor L1 in mode d. L2,d The voltage of the second inductor L2 in mode d is given.

[0190] Based on the volt-second balance between the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, we can obtain:

[0191] ;

[0192] ;

[0193] Where d2 is the duty cycle of the drive signal for the first switch Q1. Therefore, we can solve for:

[0194] ;

[0195] Among them, v s The first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 Operating voltage. Therefore, when the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage and less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, and is used as follows: Figure 4 During the control method described, the voltages of the two energy storage elements in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit are naturally balanced.

[0196] Furthermore, the first energy storage element C s1 Operating current and the second energy storage element C s2 The operating current can be expressed as:

[0197] ;

[0198] ;

[0199] Among them, i C1 The first energy storage element C s1 Operating current, i C2 The second energy storage element C s2 Operating current. Furthermore, therefore, when the first energy storage element C... s1 Operating current and the second energy storage element C s2 When the design values ​​remain equal, the operating power of both must be equal to maintain a natural voltage balance between the two energy storage elements. That is:

[0200] ;

[0201] ;

[0202] P C1 The first energy storage element C s1 Operating power, P C2 The second energy storage element C s2 Operating power. Furthermore, according to Kirchhoff's current law, it is easy to see that:

[0203] ;

[0204] Among them, i C This represents the output current of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment. Solving the above equations simultaneously, we get:

[0205] ;

[0206] Therefore, when the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 The sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage and less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, and is used as follows: Figure 4 When the control method is used, the currents of the two energy storage elements in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit are naturally balanced.

[0207] The following analysis will cover some power conversion characteristics of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in the embodiment:

[0208] The working principle of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in the embodiment for handling super-large dynamic computing clusters is as follows: Figure 15 As shown:

[0209] During the peak power period of the computing cluster (t0 ~ t1): At this time, the power of the computing cluster is much higher than the DC bus power, and the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit outputs power to compensate for the power difference. Since the output power of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit is entirely supplied by the first energy storage element C... s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 During this period, the energy storage components discharge, and their voltage gradually decreases.

[0210] During the peak power period of the computing cluster (t0 ~ t1): At this time, the power of the computing cluster is much lower than the DC bus power, and the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit absorbs the excess power provided by the bus. Since the power absorbed by the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit is completely temporarily stored in the first energy storage element C... s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 During this period, the energy storage components are charged, and their voltage gradually increases.

[0211] In this embodiment, the bidirectional energy storage circuit's support and absorption of the computing cluster's super-large dynamic range is entirely provided by the first energy storage element C. s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 Achieved. This is achieved by the first energy storage element C. s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 The absorbed or released power consists of two power paths: one part flows directly from the capacitor to the DC bus, while the other part flows to the DC bus after being transformed by the active circuit.

[0212] When the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 When the sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage but less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, energy is released from the first energy storage element C. s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 The power flowing directly to the DC bus is determined by the inductor current, which can be expressed as:

[0213] ;

[0214] Among them, P C,1 The first energy storage element C in the embodiment s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 The power flowing directly to the DC bus. The total power output by the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in the embodiment can be expressed as:

[0215] ;

[0216] Among them, P C,2This represents the total power output of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment. Therefore, the ratio of the power flowing to the DC bus after power conversion to the total output power of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment is expressed as:

[0217] ;

[0218] Therefore, when the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 When the sum of voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage but less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment only needs to perform power conversion on the super dynamic part of the computing power cluster.

[0219] The design method of the key components of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit will be analyzed below.

[0220] To reduce the power conversion level of the converter, the first energy storage element C is designed... s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 When the sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage but less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, the fluctuation range of the capacitor voltage is:

[0221] ;

[0222] ;

[0223] Among them, v s1min With v s2min The first energy storage element C s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 Minimum operating voltage, V s1max With v s2max The first energy storage element C s1 With the second energy storage element C s2 Maximum operating voltage. Since the DC bus only provides the average power to the computing cluster load, the output current of the DC bus is expressed as:

[0224] ;

[0225] Among them, I in I is the DC bus output current. p I is the peak load current of the computing cluster. v D represents the valley load current of the computing cluster. p This represents the duty cycle of the computing cluster load current. During peak load periods, the energy shortfall in the DC bus output is entirely covered by the first energy storage element C. s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 Providing can be represented as:

[0226] ;

[0227] Among them, T p This represents the pulse repetition period of the computing cluster load. Furthermore, based on the capacitor energy expression, the energy released by the capacitor can also be expressed as:

[0228] ;

[0229] In the design, to ensure automatic voltage and current balance, capacitors are usually designed symmetrically, that is:

[0230] ;

[0231] Combining the above equations, we obtain the expression for the required capacitance:

[0232] ;

[0233] When the first energy storage element C s1 and the second energy storage element C s2 When the sum of the voltages is greater than the DC bus voltage and less than or equal to twice the DC bus voltage, according to the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit and method, the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2 can be expressed as:

[0234] ;

[0235] Where L represents the inductance values ​​of the first inductor L1 and the second inductor L2, and T... s For the switching cycle of the switching transistor, ΔI L The allowable inductor current ripple can be expressed as:

[0236] ;

[0237] Therefore, combining the above equations, the inductance expression can be rewritten as:

[0238] ;

[0239] Analyzing the expression, it is easy to see that when The inductance value is obtained to satisfy the inductor current ripple requirements of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit throughout its entire operating range.

[0240] The electrical stress and losses of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit will be analyzed below and compared with those of a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0241] Based on the working principle, the voltage stress of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment is:

[0242] ;

[0243] Among them, V DS,1 The voltage stress of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment.

[0244] The current stress of the switching transistor is:

[0245] ;

[0246] Among them, I DS,1 The current stress of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment.

[0247] Therefore, the switching losses can be calculated:

[0248] ;

[0249] Among them, P sw,1 f represents the switching loss of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment. sw t is the switching frequency of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit. r With t f The on-time and off-time of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0250] Similarly, conduction loss can be calculated:

[0251] ;

[0252] Among them, P con,1 R represents the conduction loss of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment. ds(on) The on-resistance of the switching transistor in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment is given.

[0253] Meanwhile, the inductor current stress is:

[0254] ;

[0255] Among them, I L,1 The inductor electrical stress in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment.

[0256] In traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit solutions, such as Figure 16 As shown, the active circuit is a Buck / Boost circuit, therefore the voltage stress on the switching transistor is equal to the DC bus voltage:

[0257] ;

[0258] Among them, V DS,2 This refers to the voltage stress of the switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0259] Meanwhile, in order to ensure a fair comparison with the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in the embodiment, the traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit scheme adopts interleaved parallel Buck / Boost converters, therefore the current stress of the switching transistors is:

[0260] ;

[0261] Among them, I DS,2 d represents the current stress of the switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, and d represents the duty cycle of the drive signal of the main switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0262] Similarly, the switching loss of the switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit is:

[0263] ;

[0264] Among them, P sw,2 This refers to the switching losses of the switching transistors in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0265] Similarly, the conduction loss of the switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit is:

[0266] ;

[0267] Among them, P con,2 This refers to the conduction loss of the switching transistor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0268] Furthermore, in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, the inductor current stress is:

[0269] ;

[0270] Among them, I L,2 This refers to the inductor current stress in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0271] Similarly, the inductance value of the filter inductor in a traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit unit can be expressed as:

[0272] ;

[0273] Similarly, the ripple size is expressed as: ;

[0274] Combining the above equations, the inductance can be expressed as: ;

[0275] Similarly, it is easy to know that when The current inductance value can meet the inductor current ripple requirements of traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit units throughout the entire operating range.

[0276] The following section will analyze in detail the specific implementation method of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit control method described in the embodiments.

[0277] like Figure 17 As shown, the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit control method in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0278] Step S1 (Voltage Sampling and Mean Extraction): Sampling the supercapacitor C s1 voltage v s1 Or supercapacitor C s2 voltage v s2 The sampled supercapacitor voltage is then processed by a low-pass filter, and the average operating voltage V of the supercapacitor is obtained after pulse frequency ripple removal. s ;

[0279] Step S2 (Voltage Outer Loop Control): The average voltage V of the supercapacitor is... s With the preset supercapacitor reference voltage v ref By subtracting the values, we obtain the voltage error signal e. v ; will e v Input to voltage loop PI controller PI v Its output is limited by the limiter to obtain the voltage loop output PI. v,out ;

[0280] Step S3 (Load Current Feedforward Compensation): Sample the pulse load current i o The average value of the pulsed load current i is obtained by feeding it into a low-pass filter. o,ave ; the instantaneous pulse load current i o With the average value of pulse load current i o,ave By performing a differential operation, the AC component i of the pulse load current is extracted. o,ac ;

[0281] Step S4 (Generation of Inner Current Loop): The bus voltage V in Divide by twice the bus voltage V in With supercapacitor voltage v s The difference yields the current setting coefficient, and the AC component i of the pulse load current. o,ac Multiplying by the current setting factor yields the set inductor current reference value i. o,s The i o,s Subtract the voltage loop output PI v,out Generate inductor current reference value i ref ;

[0282] Step S5 (Inner Loop Current Control and Duty Cycle Modulation): Sample the inductor current i L The inductor current reference value i ref Subtract inductor current i L Obtain the current error e i ; will e iInput current loop PI controller i Its output is limited by the limiter to obtain the duty cycle d of the first switch Q1 drive signal.

[0283] This control method only requires the use of any energy storage element voltage and any inductor current. Due to the unique automatic voltage and current balancing characteristics of the internal energy storage element of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit, there is no need to introduce complex current sharing and voltage sharing links in the control loop, which greatly reduces the hardware and software complexity of the control scheme, reduces costs, and improves system stability.

[0284] To verify the advantages of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit described in the embodiment, a simulation model was built, and the system parameters are summarized as follows:

[0285] I p = 30A (24kW);

[0286] I v = 1A (0.8kW);

[0287] V in = 800V;

[0288] D p < 0.5;

[0289] T p < 10ms;

[0290] The design results of key components in the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit are summarized as follows:

[0291] f sw = 100kHz;

[0292] C s1 = 150uF;

[0293] C s2 = 150uF;

[0294] L1 = 160uH;

[0295] L2 = 160uH;

[0296] α = 0.4;

[0297] Simulation results are as follows Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, simulation results demonstrate that during peak load periods of the computing cluster, the energy storage element discharges, the voltage rises, and the inductor current rapidly tracks the AC component of the computing cluster load current, thus achieving the absorption of super-large dynamic loads and supporting the power system. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, proving the feasibility of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit shown in the embodiment and the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

[0298] Experimental results are as follows Figure 20 , Figure 21 , Figure 22 As shown, experimental results demonstrate that during peak load periods of the computing cluster, the energy storage element discharges, the voltage rises, and the inductor current rapidly tracks the AC component of the computing cluster load current, achieving the absorption of super-large dynamic loads and supporting the power system. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical analysis, further proving the feasibility of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit shown in the embodiment and the correctness of the theoretical analysis. The measured efficiency of the experimental prototype is as follows: Figure 23 As shown, the overall efficiency of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit prototype described in the embodiment reaches approximately 99.5%.

[0299] In summary, compared with traditional bidirectional energy storage circuit units, the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit and method described in this embodiment have the following advantages:

[0300] 1. Effectively reduces voltage and current stress on switching devices and system cost:

[0301] This invention significantly reduces the voltage and current stress on switching transistors and inductors through innovative internal topology connections in a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit. It substantially reduces switching and conduction losses in active devices, copper losses in circuits, and iron losses in magnetic components, thereby lowering the development difficulty and maintenance costs of power supply systems for data / computing centers.

[0302] 2. Achieve system-level power density improvement:

[0303] Thanks to the lower power capacity and power loss of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit in this invention, the volume and weight of the converter itself and even the related thermal management system are significantly reduced, achieving a leapfrog improvement in system-level power density, which can well adapt to the stringent space utilization constraints of the computing center power supply system.

[0304] 3. Automatic switching between series and parallel operation modes reduces the converter's boost capability requirements:

[0305] When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage, the two energy storage elements operate in equivalent series; otherwise, they operate in equivalent parallel. This effectively solves the stringent requirements on the boost capability of the bidirectional converter due to the excessively low voltage during deep discharge of the energy storage capacitor, and reduces the design margin and cost of the bidirectional energy storage circuit unit.

[0306] 4. The voltage of the energy storage element can be continuously and over a wide range, starting from zero:

[0307] It can automatically achieve soft start, full-range voltage and current regulation, and adapt to large-range fluctuations in energy storage voltage, etc. Especially when using capacitor energy storage, by allowing wide-range fluctuations in capacitor voltage, it can significantly reduce the requirements for energy storage capacitor capacity, size, weight, and cost.

[0308] 5. The control method is simple and requires no additional pressure equalization control:

[0309] In this invention, the voltage and current of the first and second energy storage units in the bidirectional energy storage circuit are naturally balanced, which fundamentally solves the voltage balancing problem caused by the series use of energy storage elements in the high voltage DC bus scenario, avoids additional sampling and control circuits, further reduces system cost and improves reliability.

[0310] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein.

[0311] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-way energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic of computing power cluster, characterized in that, It includes the first and second inductors, the first to seventh switching transistors, the first and second energy storage elements, and the DC bus; The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively. The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively. The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively. The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switch, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the sixth switch, respectively. The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the seventh switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the sixth switch, respectively. The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor.

2. The super dynamic two-way energy storage circuit unit for hash power cluster according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

3. The control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step A.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°. Step A.2), set the duty cycle of the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be equal and staggered by 180°, and the signal obtained by taking the OR of the drive signals of the fifth switch and the sixth switch is complementary to the drive signal of the seventh switch. Step A.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage: The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor. Step A.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage: The seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. The duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

4. The control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step B.1) Set the drive signals of the first switch and the second switch to be complementary, the drive signals of the third switch and the first switch to be synchronized, and the drive signals of the fourth switch and the second switch to be synchronized. Step B.2), set the drive signals of the seventh switch and the fifth switch to be complementary, and the drive signals of the sixth switch and the fifth switch to be synchronized; Step B.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage: The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor. Step B.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage: The seventh switch remains on, while the fifth and sixth switches remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is regulated by adjusting the duty cycle d1 of the drive signal of the first switch.

5. A bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, characterized in that, It includes the first and second inductors, the first and sixth switching transistors, the first and second energy storage elements, and the DC bus; The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the seventh switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively. The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively. The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor, one end of the first inductor, and the drain of the fifth switching transistor, respectively. The other end of the second inductor is connected to the positive terminal of the first energy storage element and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively. The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switch, the source of the second switch, and the source of the fifth switch, respectively. The source of the first switching transistor is connected to the drain of the second switching transistor and the other end of the first inductor.

6. The bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

7. The control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters based on claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step C.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°. Step C.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary; Step C.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage: The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor. Step C.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage: The sixth switch remains on, the fifth switch remains off, and the duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

8. A bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters, characterized in that, It includes the first and second inductors, the first and sixth switching transistors, the first and second energy storage elements, and the DC bus; The positive terminal of the DC bus is connected to the drain of the fifth switch, the drain of the fourth switch, the positive terminal of the second energy storage element, and one end of the computing power cluster load, respectively, while the negative terminal is connected to the source of the sixth switch and the other end of the computing power cluster load, respectively. The source of the fifth switching transistor is connected to one end of the second inductor, the positive terminal of the first energy storage element, and the drain of the first switching transistor, respectively. The source of the fourth switch is connected to the other end of the second inductor and the drain of the third switch, respectively. The negative terminal of the second energy storage element is connected to the source of the third switching transistor and one end of the first inductor, respectively; The other end of the first inductor is connected to the source of the first switching transistor and the drain of the second switching transistor, respectively; The negative terminal of the first energy storage element is connected to the drain of the sixth switching transistor and the source of the second switching transistor, respectively.

9. The bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first inductor and the second inductor form a negative coupling with a coupling coefficient greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.

10. A control method for a bidirectional energy storage circuit unit for super-large dynamic computing clusters as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step D.1) Set the drive signals of the second switch to be complementary to those of the first switch, the drive signals of the fourth switch to be complementary to those of the third switch, and set the duty cycles of the drive signals of the first switch and the third switch to be equal and staggered by 180°. Step D.2), set the drive signals of the fifth and sixth switching transistors to be complementary; Step D.3), let the DC bus voltage be the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the DC bus. When the sum of the voltages of the first and second energy storage elements is less than or equal to the DC bus voltage: The first and third switching transistors remain on, while the second and fourth switching transistors remain off. The voltage of the first and second energy storage elements is adjusted by regulating the duty cycle d5 of the drive signal of the fifth switching transistor. Step D.4), when the sum of the voltages of the first energy storage element and the second energy storage element is greater than the DC bus voltage: The sixth switch remains on, the fifth switch remains off, and the duty cycle d1 of the first switch is adjusted to regulate the voltage of the first and second energy storage elements.

Images