A switch cabinet holographic perception intelligent protection measurement and control device and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device and method for switchgear, belonging to the field of power system automation technology. The device includes a main control processing module for acquiring multiple configuration selection information when the switchgear is powered on, and generating configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and a resource library; a multi-dimensional sensing interface module for electrical signals in the switchgear, including at least electrical quantities, opening and closing coils, equipment Hall current, angular displacement PWM signals, electrical contact temperature, and partial discharge signals; a fusion discrimination and early warning module for performing trend analysis and early warning based on electrical contact temperature, partial discharge signal, electrical signals, and configuration protection logic; and a switchgear electric operation execution module for receiving operation commands and executing actions corresponding to the operation commands to switch the switchgear operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system automation technology, and more specifically to a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device and control method for switchgear. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the secondary wiring of high-voltage switchgear is becoming increasingly complex with the increase in the number of protection devices, measuring devices, and control devices, leading to an increase in secondary line fault points. On the other hand, multiple devices and sensors in high-voltage switchgear employ different algorithms and logic outputs, lacking a unified perception standard and a single alarm protection output. This increases the workload of maintenance personnel and disperses critical information about the operation of high-voltage switchgear, hindering its development, application, and life-cycle maintenance. More critically, existing technologies cannot provide relay protection functions for switchgear to different load objects, such as transformers, cables, busbars, and capacitors. They also cannot further enable flexible field configuration adaptation of devices in switchgear with different load objects, nor can they optimize technical indicators based on PHM (Prognostics and Health Management) device health assessment results. The device itself is permanently bound to the switchgear body, protecting a single load, and its protection indicators remain fixed, hindering the optimization, upgrading, and maintenance of power distribution equipment throughout its lifecycle.

[0003] It is evident that related technologies only integrate simple devices into switchgear, using distributed sensors to collect data and interact with monitoring boards or intelligent modules to provide fault diagnosis. Therefore, how to integrate protection functions, collect data, perform logical calculations, and unify outputs without a core-based monitoring board is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device and control method that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear, comprising: The main control processing module is used to acquire multiple configuration selection information when the switch cabinet is powered on, and generate configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and the resource library; A multi-dimensional sensing interface module is used to collect multi-source sensing signals in the switch cabinet. The multi-source sensing signals include at least angular displacement PWM signals, electrical contact temperatures, and partial discharge signals. The fusion discrimination module is used to perform trend analysis and early warning based on the electrical contact temperature, the current signal, the angular displacement PWM signal, and the configuration protection logic; The switchgear electric operation execution module is used to receive operation instructions and execute actions corresponding to the operation instructions to switch the operating conditions of the switchgear.

[0007] In one embodiment, the main control processing module is configured with a three-layer configuration logic for field-level reconfiguration, which is used to reconfigure the configuration protection logic locally, so that the measurement and control device can be adapted to switchgear with multiple load types. The three-layer configuration logic includes an object layer, a primary scheme layer, and a secondary protection scheme layer. The object layer is used to select the cabinet type of the local switchgear and the physical attributes corresponding to the cabinet type from a preset object library in order to define the configuration constraint boundary. The primary solution layer is used to call the component quantity model and electrical connection topology from the load type library according to the cabinet type, the physical attributes and the load type of the switch cabinet load, and construct an electrical physical model corresponding to the switch cabinet according to the component quantity model, electrical connection topology and local component configuration parameters; The secondary protection scheme layer is used to determine a first protection scheme from the protection function library based on the electrical physical model and the load type, and to generate configuration protection logic that adapts to the switchgear and the switchgear load based on the first protection scheme and the second protection scheme selected by the user locally.

[0008] In one embodiment, the fusion discrimination module specifically includes: The mechanical characteristic trend analysis unit is used to calculate the mechanical characteristic parameters of the circuit breaker of the switch cabinet based on the angular displacement PWM signal, and to determine the change value of the mechanical characteristic parameters used for trend analysis. A temperature trend analysis unit is used to determine the temperature change value for trend analysis based on the electrical contact temperature signal. A partial discharge signal trend analysis unit is used to determine the partial discharge signal change value for trend analysis based on the partial discharge signal. The video linkage unit is used to trigger the camera device when the mechanical characteristic parameters change, the temperature change value changes, or the partial discharge signal change value shows an abnormal trend.

[0009] In one embodiment, the video linkage unit is configured to adjust the camera device to the center position where the abnormality exists and activate the video detection mode when the mechanical characteristic parameters change abnormally, the temperature changes abnormally, or the partial discharge signal changes abnormally.

[0010] In one embodiment, the fusion discrimination module further includes: The fault determination unit is used to determine fault information based on the mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature change value, partial discharge signal change value and their respective corresponding fault indicators after the video linkage unit completes the position adjustment.

[0011] In one embodiment, the switchgear electric operation execution module specifically includes: The first operation execution unit is used to execute the anti-jamming control logic of the electric chassis vehicle and the grounding switch starting torque enhancement control logic when the control mode is the built-in Hall active output control mode. The second operation execution unit is used to generate operation instructions when the control mode is the external Hall sensor communication control mode. The operation instructions are used to drive the external mechanism controller to complete the motor drive.

[0012] In one embodiment, the anti-jamming control logic of the electric chassis vehicle is to control the electric chassis vehicle motor to run in the forward direction at a constant voltage, and to collect the motor current of the chassis vehicle in real time through a Hall sensor; when an abnormal increase in motor current is detected, the drive voltage is reduced and reversed for a preset number of revolutions, and then the rated voltage is restored to retry forward operation; if the motor current continues to exceed the standard and is determined to be a jamming fault, the electric chassis vehicle is controlled to return to the test position, and after the chassis vehicle is detected to have accurately reached the test position, the drive output of the chassis vehicle motor is cut off and the machine is stopped and locked.

[0013] In one embodiment, the grounding switch starting torque enhancement control logic outputs a drive voltage for starting the grounding switch, restores the output of the rated drive voltage after the grounding switch motor current decreases, and cuts off the grounding switch motor drive output after detecting and identifying the grounding switch in position.

[0014] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a control method for a switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device, applied to the switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device described in the first aspect, comprising: When the switch cabinet is powered on, the main control processing module acquires multiple configuration selection information and generates configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and the resource library; The multi-dimensional sensing interface module collects multi-source sensing signals from the switch cabinet, and the multi-source sensing signals include at least angular displacement PWM signal, electrical contact temperature and partial discharge signal; The fusion discrimination module performs trend analysis and early warning based on the electrical contact temperature, the current signal, the angular displacement PWM signal, and the configuration protection logic; The switchgear electric operation execution module receives operation instructions and executes actions corresponding to the operation instructions to switch the operating conditions of the switchgear.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: 1. By integrating multi-dimensional sensing capabilities including electrical quantities, mechanical characteristics, partial discharge, contact temperature, environment, and video, combined with temperature-current correlation analysis, video linkage confirmation under abnormal trends, and multi-source information fusion waveform recording and event recording, it can comprehensively collect equipment operating status data in real time. It can not only intelligently track equipment hotspots, insulation, and mechanical anomalies, but also provide visual verification methods and complete fault backtracking data, making it easier for maintenance personnel to grasp the health status of equipment, support condition-based maintenance, help quickly locate faults, and reduce the equipment failure rate.

[0016] 2. Relying on a flexible protection logic configuration engine, protection logic can be configured on demand for different load objects such as transformers, cables, busbars, and capacitors, breaking the defects of traditional devices with factory-fixed protection logic; at the same time, it supports non-electrical signals to participate in protection alarm and tripping decisions, and the same device can be adapted to multiple protection objects, reducing the types of spare parts and effectively reducing on-site operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the resource library provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of an angular displacement sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A flowchart of a control method for a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: This invention discloses a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear, comprising a main control processing module, a multi-dimensional sensing interface module, a fusion discrimination module, and a switchgear electric operation execution module. This invention acquires multiple configuration selection information when the switchgear is powered on, and generates configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and a resource library; collects multi-source sensing signals from the switchgear; performs trend analysis and early warning; and finally receives operation commands and executes actions corresponding to the operation commands to switch the switchgear operating conditions.

[0021] I. Detailed Implementation of the Main Control Processing Module like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the main control processing module is equipped with a resource library containing three-layer configuration logic capable of on-site hierarchical reconfiguration. In actual use, users can visually select and reconfigure the protection and control device using its built-in interactive interface to achieve local configuration of the protection logic. This allows the control device to adapt to switchgear with various load types. In this embodiment, the highly standardized bottom-level module resource library is specifically divided into three core dimensions: an object library, a load type library, and a protection function library. The object library, as an abstract mapping of the physical topology, covers mainstream cabinet types such as switchgear incoming cabinets, feeder cabinets, and busbar equipment cabinets. The protection function library, as the core of logic execution, encompasses a complete set of algorithm modules, from basic overcurrent and instantaneous overcurrent to complex partial discharge and mechanical characteristic monitoring. These three together constitute the "gene library" of the device software's reconfigurability, providing a solid material foundation for the flexible assembly of upper-level logic.

[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, the main control processing module adopts a high-performance embedded processor (such as an ARM Cortex-A series or a domestically produced processor) to be responsible for overall logic operations, protection algorithm execution, communication management, and human-computer interaction. The main control unit is equipped with a large-capacity DDR memory (not less than 512MB) and eMMC / NAND Flash storage (not less than 4GB) to support long-term local storage of waveform recording data.

[0023] (1) Object layer Specifically, the object layer serves as the entry point for configuration. This layer defines the physical attributes of the switchgear (such as incoming lines, feeders, or busbar equipment) to set boundaries and constraints for subsequent logical deduction. That is, the object layer is used to call a preset object library, select the corresponding switchgear cabinet type from the object library, and retrieve the physical attributes of the switchgear cabinet type (such as incoming lines, feeders, and busbar equipment). The object library stores different types of switchgear cabinet types and the physical attribute parameters corresponding to each switchgear cabinet type, completing the selection of the physical switchgear objects and setting boundaries and constraints for subsequent logical deduction.

[0024] By constructing a highly standardized underlying module resource library (object library, load type library, and protection function library) and configuring a three-layer structured logic of object layer, primary scheme layer, and secondary protection scheme layer, and relying on a visual interactive interface, flexible reconstruction and precise adaptation from physical topology awareness to logical decision-making are achieved. This model not only significantly reduces code size and memory usage but also improves the sensitivity and selectivity of protection actions.

[0025] (2) First-level scheme Specifically, once the object layer is determined, the system automatically proceeds to the second layer, the primary solution layer. This layer plays a crucial role, not only recommending standard primary system diagrams that conform to industry specifications, but also allowing users to finely customize primary components such as the number of current transformers (CTs), circuit breaker installation methods, grounding switch configurations, and the number of grounding transformers (PTs) according to actual engineering needs, thereby establishing an accurate electrical and physical model.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the load type library pre-builds standardized component quantity models and basic electrical connection topologies for various types of loads such as transformers, cables, busbars and capacitors, and stores the topology models corresponding to various loads. At the same time, it can also complete the configuration of hardware-related parameters, including the selection of the electric mechanism control mode. The electric mechanism control mode can be selected as the built-in Hall active output control mode or the external Hall sensor communication control mode.

[0027] The primary solution layer receives the switchgear type and corresponding physical attributes output from the object layer. Based on the load type the switchgear faces, it initially calls the corresponding component quantity model and electrical connection topology from the load type library. Then, it further filters the called component quantity model and electrical connection topology using the switchgear type and physical attribute information as constraints. At the same time, the user can select and configure primary components such as the number of CTs, PTs, circuit breaker installation methods, grounding switch configurations, and chassis vehicles according to the actual engineering requirements on site. Based on the component quantity model and electrical connection topology obtained after the second filtering and the configuration selected by the user according to the actual engineering requirements, the final electrical and physical model of the switchgear is constructed.

[0028] (3) Secondary protection scheme layer Specifically, delving further into the third layer, the secondary protection scheme layer, this is the core logic construction area for holographic perception intelligent protection. At this level, the protection function library contains multiple independent functional sub-modules corresponding to protection schemes, including current protection, voltage protection, switching quantity monitoring, mechanical characteristic quantity analysis, electrical contact temperature monitoring, and partial discharge protection. The system can intelligently recommend (i.e., the first protection scheme) based on the electrical physical model established in the first two layers and the load type the switchgear is designed for. Simultaneously, users can select and combine different protection schemes (i.e., the second protection scheme) on the interactive interface according to actual needs, and combine the first and second protection schemes to construct the final configuration protection logic.

[0029] For example, after selecting different types of switchgear in the first layer and the primary protection scheme in the second layer, the device will automatically match the combination of secondary protection schemes in the third layer according to relevant specifications. For instance, if the first layer is selected as a feeder cabinet and the load type is a transformer, and the second layer's primary protection scheme includes a vacuum circuit breaker (handcart), a current transformer (three-CT), and a grounding switch, then upon entering the third layer, the device will automatically select instantaneous overcurrent, overload, and current protections; and gas and over-temperature protections in the switch protections to form basic protections. Other protections such as voltage protection, partial discharge protection, temperature protection, and mechanical characteristic protection are not recommended, but users can manually select them to form the final secondary protection scheme. Then, the device will call various encapsulated protection subroutine interfaces in the program layer to form the secondary protection function of the transformer load based on the primary scheme. Similarly, if the load is a cable, different intelligent recommendations will be provided in the secondary protection layer.

[0030] Understandably, through a hierarchical and reconfigurable architecture, the device only needs to load the necessary runtime programs for the current configuration, greatly reducing code size and memory usage, and improving system efficiency and response speed from the ground up. Secondly, the modular combination of protection functions enables the device to achieve optimal protection strategy matching for specific loads and operating conditions, significantly improving the sensitivity and selectivity of protection actions and effectively avoiding false trips and failures to trip. Finally, this hierarchical structured logic design not only provides a highly scalable software foundation for holographic sensing intelligent protection and control devices, but also lays a solid technical foundation for the intelligent operation and maintenance and remote function upgrades of complex equipment in future new power systems.

[0031] II. Detailed Implementation of the Multi-Dimensional Sensing Interface Module Specifically, it includes an analog quantity acquisition module, a digital quantity input / output module, a mechanical characteristic monitoring interface, a partial discharge monitoring interface, a temperature monitoring interface, a video interface, and an environmental monitoring interface.

[0032] The analog signal acquisition module is equipped with a multi-channel high-precision ADC (16-bit or higher) to achieve synchronous acquisition of three-phase voltage (supporting 3 phase voltages + 1 zero-sequence voltage) and three-phase current (supporting 3 protection currents + 3 measurement currents + 1 zero-sequence current), with a sampling rate of no less than 128 points / cycle. It also reserves 4-20mA analog input channels for connecting external transmitters such as temperature and humidity sensors and pressure sensors.

[0033] The digital input / output module is configured with no less than 16 opto-isolated digital inputs for connecting status signals such as circuit breaker position, handcart position, grounding switch position, and spring energy storage; and is configured with no less than 8 relay outputs for tripping, closing, alarm, and other output controls.

[0034] Mechanical characteristic monitoring interface: The circuit breaker's mechanical characteristics are monitored online by acquiring the current waveform of the opening and closing coils through a Hall current sensor and the contact stroke curve through an angular displacement sensor. Partial discharge monitoring interface: Supports connection to ground wave (TEV) sensors, ultrasonic sensors or ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensors to realize online detection of partial discharge in switchgear; Temperature monitoring interface: Supports wireless temperature receiving module to receive passive wireless temperature sensor data (surface acoustic wave SAW or RFID temperature measurement) from key parts such as contacts and busbar joints, while reserving wired temperature measurement (Pt100 / thermocouple) interface. Video interface: Supports connection to network cameras (IP cameras), which can acquire video images inside the switch cabinet through the Ethernet interface to achieve visual status confirmation; Environmental monitoring interface: Supports connection to temperature and humidity sensors to collect ambient temperature and humidity data inside the cabinet. It is understood that in this embodiment of the invention, the multi-dimensional sensing interface module only performs signal acquisition, reception, and forwarding, unlike the processing of the fusion and discrimination module in this embodiment.

[0035] III. Detailed Implementation of the Fusion and Discrimination Module (1) Mechanical characteristic trend analysis unit Specifically, in terms of mechanical characteristic monitoring, it not only covers key indicators such as opening and closing speed, time, overtravel, opening distance, three-phase asynchrony, and bounce time of vacuum circuit breakers, but also introduces electric chassis vehicle propulsion / exit current monitoring, electric grounding switch opening and closing current monitoring, and grounding switch three-phase asynchrony monitoring, which can effectively make up for the blind spots of traditional monitoring.

[0036] The system receives angular displacement PWM signals from the multi-dimensional sensing interface module, processes these signals to obtain the mechanical characteristic parameters of the switchgear circuit breaker, performs trend analysis on these parameters, calculates the changes in these parameters, and outputs the mechanical characteristic parameters and their changes. The mechanical characteristic parameters include opening and closing times, opening and closing speeds, and coil current.

[0037] The mechanical characteristic trend analysis unit receives the angular displacement PWM signal input from the multi-dimensional sensing interface module; the angular displacement PWM signal is obtained by magnetic coupling of a magnetic sensitive element, a detection circuit and a permanent magnet, monitoring the rotation of the main shaft crank arm of the circuit breaker, and collecting the angular displacement change of the rotating shaft of the operating mechanism in real time.

[0038] The angle signal is converted into the linear displacement of the contact, i.e., the stroke, by utilizing the geometric relationship of the circuit breaker linkage mechanism. The conversion is divided into two steps: the first step is the stroke conversion. In the embodiment of this invention, two conversion algorithms are used: constant conversion method, which is suitable for circuit breakers with simple linkage mechanisms, where the angle and stroke have a fixed linear correspondence. The conversion table method is suitable for circuit breakers with complex linkage mechanisms. It uses different conversion coefficients to make conversions according to different angle intervals by looking up the table in segments.

[0039] Generating a stroke-time curve: After converting the contact stroke, the stroke-time variation curve is generated based on the time interval from the rise of the coil current to the stabilization of the coil current, according to the relationship V=s / t. Based on this stroke-time curve, the mechanical characteristic parameters of the circuit breaker are extracted, including indicators such as opening and closing time, opening and closing speed, and coil current. Trend analysis is performed on the obtained mechanical characteristic parameters, and the change values ​​of the mechanical characteristic parameters used for trend analysis are calculated. The mechanical characteristic parameters and their change values ​​are then output.

[0040] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of an angular displacement sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention. A permanent magnet 3 is fixed to a rotating spindle 4, generating a changing magnetic field as the spindle rotates. Another part of the magnetic sensing element and detection circuit 2 are mounted on a bracket 1 concentric with the spindle, sensing changes in the magnetic field and outputting a signal. The output signal is a pair of complementary PWM waveforms, with a duty cycle proportional to the angular displacement θ, effectively suppressing strong electromagnetic interference. The mounting bracket 1 is a U-shaped stable structure fixed to the inner side plate of the vacuum circuit breaker housing.

[0041] (2) Temperature trend analysis unit Specifically, the system receives the electrical contact temperature signal input from the multi-dimensional sensing interface module, performs trend analysis on the electrical contact temperature signal, calculates the temperature change value used for trend analysis, and outputs the electrical contact temperature and the temperature change value.

[0042] (3) Partial discharge signal trend analysis unit Specifically, the system receives the partial discharge signal input from the multi-dimensional sensing interface module, performs trend analysis on the partial discharge signal, calculates the change value of the partial discharge signal used for trend analysis, and outputs the partial discharge signal and the change value of the partial discharge signal.

[0043] Understandably, by analyzing trends in real time, the sampling frequency will automatically increase exponentially once the rate of temperature increase is detected or the temperature approaches the warning threshold. This mechanism of low-frequency inspection during normal times and high-frequency tracking of anomalies reduces the system load while ensuring high resolution for fault detection.

[0044] (4) Video linkage unit Specifically, it receives changes in mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature, and partial discharge signal. When an abnormal trend occurs in the changes in mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature, or partial discharge signal, it triggers the camera device, drives the camera device to adjust to the center position corresponding to the abnormality, and activates the video detection mode. At the same time, it can also increase the signal sampling frequency of the corresponding measurement point.

[0045] Based on the above embodiments, this device deeply explores the mechanical operation and insulation status characteristics of switchgear, creatively introducing several new non-electrical quantity monitoring indicators such as electric chassis vehicle propulsion / exit current, grounding switch opening and closing current, and three-phase asynchrony of circuit breakers, enriching the dimensions of switchgear status perception. In terms of data acquisition and early warning strategies, it abandons the traditional fixed-frequency sampling mode and innovatively adopts a dynamic autonomous optimization sampling algorithm based on parameter trend analysis. This algorithm can adaptively adjust the sampling frequency according to the rate of change of parameters such as temperature, mechanical characteristics, and partial discharge. For example, when the temperature rise rate accelerates, the data acquisition frequency is increased exponentially, truly realizing a refined perception mechanism of "normal low-frequency inspection and abnormal high-frequency tracking." Simultaneously, this device constructs a linkage and fusion mechanism between multi-source status data and visual perception, real-time associating and fusing the subtle fluctuation characteristics of microscopic non-electrical quantity parameters with macroscopic high-definition video image information. This completely breaks through the limitations of traditional single-data threshold alarms, achieving a technological leap from "single-point data over-limit alarm" to "multi-dimensional data collaboration and visualized accurate diagnosis" of switchgear faults, significantly improving the accuracy and intuitiveness of switchgear status assessment.

[0046] (5) Fault determination unit Specifically, after the video linkage unit completes the adjustment of the camera device position and starts the video detection mode, it receives mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature change values, and partial discharge signal change values. Combining the fault indicators corresponding to each signal, and based on the configuration protection logic issued by the main control processing module, it makes a comprehensive judgment and outputs the corresponding fault information. The output fault information can be used for alarms and can also participate in the trip output decision through the configuration protection logic.

[0047] Based on the above embodiments, this invention establishes a linkage mechanism between multi-source data and visual perception. When the aforementioned mechanical characteristics or temperature partial discharge indicators show abnormal trends, the system immediately activates high-definition video monitoring of the switchgear circuit breaker compartment and cable compartment. This method of real-time fusion of microscopic non-electrical data fluctuations with macroscopic video images achieves a leap from single-data alarms to multi-dimensional visual diagnosis, significantly improving the accuracy and response speed of equipment fault diagnosis.

[0048] IV. Detailed Implementation of the Switchgear Electric Operation Module (1) First operation execution unit Specifically, this includes a measurement and control function unit board, Hall sensors, and relays. The closing output, opening output, and energy storage output circuits of the measurement and control function unit board are each independently equipped with Hall sensors to collect the closing current, opening current, and energy storage current in real time. Simultaneously, the measurement and control function unit board carries two independent relays, with one end of the relay contacts connected to the power supply and the other end directly providing an active output, thereby controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the motors of the electric chassis vehicle and the electric grounding switch. Furthermore, Hall sensors are installed in the drive circuits of the chassis vehicle and grounding switch motors to collect the operating current of the two motors in real time, providing data support for the anti-jamming and torque adjustment control logic.

[0049] The first operation execution unit incorporates anti-jamming control logic for the electric chassis vehicle and enhanced starting torque control logic for the grounding switch.

[0050] During normal operation, the electric chassis vehicle switches relay contacts according to sequential control commands to control the motor's forward and reverse rotation, enabling the chassis vehicle to switch between the test position and the working position. The anti-jamming control process is as follows: When the chassis vehicle moves forward towards the working position, a constant speed and constant voltage method is used to control the motor's forward rotation. Hall effect sensors monitor motor current changes in real time. If an increasing trend in motor current is detected, the forward rotation circuit relay contacts are immediately disconnected, the reverse rotation circuit is connected, and the drive voltage is adjusted to 85% of the rated voltage, driving the motor to reverse a preset number of revolutions. After the reverse rotation is completed, the forward rotation circuit is switched back, and the drive voltage is adjusted to 110% of the rated voltage for a retest of forward operation. If an abnormal increase in current is still detected after the retest of forward rotation, and the current value is basically the same as the previous jamming value, it is determined to be a mechanical jamming fault. The forward rotation circuit is disconnected, and the reverse rotation circuit is connected, controlling the chassis vehicle to return to the test position. If no abnormal increase in current is detected during operation, constant voltage forward rotation continues until the chassis vehicle reaches the working position. Then, the relay contacts are disconnected, the drive voltage is adjusted to 0V, and the operation is completed.

[0051] The control logic of the electric grounding switch is as follows: Normally, the relay contacts are switched according to the sequential control command to achieve forward and reverse rotation of the grounding switch motor, completing the opening and closing actions. To overcome the spring reverse force at the initial stage of grounding switch opening and closing, the drive voltage is increased to 110% of the rated voltage during the initial stage of starting forward and reverse rotation, enhancing the motor's starting torque. After the Hall sensor detects that the motor current has dropped and the mechanism has started smoothly, the rated drive voltage is restored to 100% to maintain normal operation. When the grounding switch is detected to be fully in position, the forward and reverse relay circuit of the motor is cut off, the drive voltage is adjusted to 0V, and the locking mechanism is activated.

[0052] (2) Second operation execution unit Specifically, this includes an external Hall sensor acquisition channel on the measurement and control function board and a communication interface on the communication unit board. The device's measurement and control function board has reserved multiple external Hall sensor adapter channels, enabling power supply and analog signal acquisition for the external Hall sensors. Simultaneously, the device's communication unit board is equipped with a dedicated communication interface, allowing for stable communication connections with the existing external controllers of the electric chassis vehicle and grounding switch. In this mode, the Hall sensors are externally installed in the existing control loops of the chassis vehicle and grounding switch. The second operation execution unit does not directly output drive voltage, nor does it execute local anti-jamming or torque adjustment control logic. After receiving the sequential control operation command, the device generates and sends standardized communication operation commands through a dedicated communication interface. The commands are transmitted to the external existing mechanism controller, which independently completes the motor drive, forward and reverse rotation control, and mechanism limit control, realizing the automated adaptation control of the switchgear electric chassis and electric grounding switch.

[0053] This invention provides two compatible solutions at the hardware level: an internal Hall sensor with active output and an external Hall sensor for communication control. This effectively caters to both new projects and retrofitting existing ones. Simultaneously, the online monitoring structure based on the mechanical characteristics of the angular displacement sensor can output an anti-interference complementary PWM waveform. At the software level, a forward-reverse-forward rotation anti-jamming strategy for chassis mechanical jamming, a 110% rated voltage starting torque enhancement strategy to overcome the spring reaction force of the grounding switch, and a stroke-time curve generation algorithm supporting constant conversion and conversion table methods ensure stable operation and accurate measurement under complex working conditions.

[0054] Furthermore, the switchgear holographic perception intelligent protection and control device of this embodiment also includes a communication interface module, a human-machine interaction module, and a power supply module. The communication interface module is configured with multiple communication interfaces, including 2 Ethernet ports (supporting IEC 61850, IEC 60870-5-104, and Modbus TCP protocols), 4 RS485 ports (supporting Modbus RTU and IEC60870-5-103 protocols), 1 CAN bus port, and 1 WiFi / 4G wireless communication module (optional), enabling interconnection with the substation monitoring system, dispatch master station, and cloud platform.

[0055] Human-computer interaction module: Equipped with a 10-inch or larger color touch LCD screen, supporting functions such as local parameter setting, real-time data viewing, historical data query, and waveform display.

[0056] Power module: Supports wide-range input of DC 110V / 220V or AC 220V, with built-in dual-redundant power supply design to ensure reliable power supply to the device.

[0057] The following uses a 35kV substation incoming line switchgear as an application scenario to illustrate a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear according to the present invention: The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device of this invention is configured on the incoming switchgear of a 35kV substation with a transformer load.

[0058] Hardware configuration: The main control unit adopts an ARM Cortex-A72 dual-core processor, 1GB DDR4, and 8GB eMMC; the analog signal acquisition configuration includes 3-channel phase voltage + 1-channel zero-sequence voltage, 3-channel protection current + 1-channel zero-sequence current, with a sampling rate of 256 points / cycle; the digital signal configuration includes 16-channel DI and 8-channel DO; the sensing module configuration includes 2 Hall current sensors for opening and closing coils, 1 linear displacement sensor, 3 TEV partial discharge sensors, a SAW wireless temperature measurement receiver module (6 temperature measurement points), 1 IP camera, and 1 cabinet temperature and humidity sensor; the electric chassis vehicle control adopts a built-in Hall active output control type; the communication configuration includes 2 Ethernet channels (IEC 61850 + Modbus TCP) and 2 RS485 channels.

[0059] Protection Configuration: Select the "Transformer" type from the object library to automatically load transformer differential protection, overcurrent protection, overload protection, and zero-sequence protection; Configure Temperature Alarm: When the electrical contact temperature is >85℃ or the temperature rise is >65K, the "OR" logic triggers an alarm; Configure Partial Discharge Alarm: When the TEV amplitude is >20dB, an alarm is triggered; Configure Mechanical Characteristic Alarm: When the opening and closing time exceeds the factory value ±20%, an alarm is triggered; Temperature-Current Correlation: When the load current is >80% of the rated value, the temperature sampling frequency is increased from 1 time / minute to 1 time / 10 seconds.

[0060] An angular displacement sensor is used to replace the linear displacement sensor in the traditional solution.

[0061] The following uses a 10kV capacitor bank switchgear as an application scenario to illustrate a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear according to the present invention: A 10kV substation outgoing switchgear, with a cable load type, is equipped with the holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device of this invention.

[0062] Hardware configuration: The main control unit uses an ARM Cortex-A55 quad-core processor, 512MB DDR4, and 4GB eMMC; the sensing module is equipped with an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor ×1, an RFID wireless temperature measurement receiver module (3 temperature measurement points), and an internal temperature and humidity sensor ×1; the electric chassis vehicle control adopts an external Hall communication control type, which communicates with the motor controller via RS485; the communication configuration includes one Ethernet + 4G wireless communication module.

[0063] Protection Configuration: Select the "Cable" type from the object library to automatically load overcurrent protection, zero-sequence protection, and overload protection; Temperature-Video Linkage: When the electrical contact temperature is >80℃, trigger the corresponding area IP camera to capture an image and push the alarm image to the maintenance personnel's mobile APP via the 4G network.

[0064] The following uses a 10kV capacitor bank switchgear as an application scenario to illustrate a holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear according to the present invention: The load type is a capacitor bank, and the protection configuration is set to "capacitor". Overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, and imbalance protection are automatically applied. Temperature is also configured to participate in the protection: when the electrical contact temperature > 100℃, it participates in the trip output via "OR" logic. In situations where wireless temperature measurement is not available, the contact temperature can be estimated using ambient temperature combined with a current-induced heating model as an auxiliary basis for judgment, but the accuracy is low. For long-term operation scenarios, direct temperature measurement is recommended as the preferred solution.

[0065] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a control method for a switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device. Since the principle of solving the problem by these methods is similar to that of the aforementioned switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device, the implementation of the device and the client can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned method, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0066] This method, such as Figure 4 As shown, steps S1-S4 are included: S1. When the switch cabinet is powered on, the main control processing module obtains multiple configuration selection information and generates configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and the resource library. S2. The multi-dimensional sensing interface module collects multi-source sensing signals from the switch cabinet. The multi-source sensing signals include at least the angular displacement PWM signal, the electrical contact temperature and the partial discharge signal. S3. The fusion discrimination module performs trend analysis and early warning based on electrical contact temperature, current signal, angular displacement PWM signal and configuration protection logic; S4. The switchgear electric operation execution module receives the operation command and executes the corresponding action according to the operation command to switch the switchgear operating condition.

[0067] Specifically, after the device completes initialization in step S1, the main control processing module enters the switchgear power-on configuration stage and acquires multiple configuration selection information. The main control processing module retrieves the preset resource library and generates configuration protection logic based on the received configuration selection information. The configuration protection logic includes: logic configuration, that is, non-electrical quantities such as mechanical characteristic indicators (opening and closing time, speed, abnormal coil current, etc.), partial discharge amplitude / trend, and electrical contact temperature / temperature rise can participate in protection alarm and trip output logic through "OR" logic, "AND" logic, threshold comparison, trend discrimination, etc. The system features a built-in object library (transformers, cables, busbars, capacitors, etc.) for protected objects. Users can select the corresponding primary and secondary protection schemes (current protection, voltage protection, and switch quantity protection) based on the actual load type. The device automatically loads the corresponding protection settings and logic. Temperature-current correlation configuration supports correlation analysis between electrical contact temperature and current values. The temperature sampling frequency can be automatically adjusted according to the temperature rise trend and current change rate, automatically increasing the sampling density when the temperature exceeds the limit. In terms of early warning logic, this invention abandons the traditional fixed-frequency sampling mode and adopts a dynamic autonomous optimization algorithm based on trend analysis. Specifically, for electrical contact temperature and current signals, the system analyzes their changing trends in real time. Once an accelerated temperature rise rate or approaching the early warning threshold is detected, the sampling frequency will automatically increase exponentially. This mechanism of low-frequency inspection during normal operation and high-frequency tracking during anomalies reduces system load while ensuring high-resolution fault detection. Temperature-video linkage configuration automatically triggers video capture or recording of the corresponding area when the electrical contact temperature exceeds a preset threshold, achieving linkage confirmation of temperature and video. A linkage mechanism between multi-source data and visual perception is established. When the aforementioned mechanical characteristics or temperature partial discharge indicators show abnormal trends, the system immediately activates high-definition video monitoring of the switchgear circuit breaker compartment and cable compartment. This method of real-time fusion of microscopic non-electrical data fluctuations with macroscopic video images achieves a leap from "single data alarm" to "multi-dimensional visual diagnosis," significantly improving the accuracy and response speed of equipment fault diagnosis.

[0068] Step S2: The multi-dimensional sensing interface module realizes unified acquisition, time synchronization (supporting IEEE 1588 or IRIG-B time synchronization), and preprocessing of multi-source heterogeneous data such as analog quantities, switch quantities, mechanical characteristics, partial discharge, temperature, and video, and establishes a unified data model.

[0069] Step S3: The fusion discrimination module receives the electrical contact temperature signal, electrical current signal, angular displacement PWM signal, and partial discharge signal output from the multi-dimensional sensing interface module. Simultaneously, it loads the configuration protection logic issued by the main control processing module, performs multi-dimensional parameter trend analysis based on the multi-source signals, and outputs corresponding early warning information when an abnormal state is detected. Step S4: The switchgear electric operation execution module receives the issued external operation commands, reads the pre-configured control mode, and executes the corresponding mechanism operation actions according to the control mode, realizing the switching of the switchgear operating conditions. The switching of switchgear operating conditions includes the control strategy of the electric chassis vehicle and the control strategy of the electric grounding switch.

[0070] The electric chassis vehicle control strategy includes: in addition to the conventional control of switching relay contacts according to sequential control commands to control the motor's forward and reverse rotation, enabling the electric chassis vehicle to switch back and forth between the test and working positions; to address the mechanical jamming problem during the vacuum circuit breaker trolley's movement from the test to the working position, anti-jamming control logic is implemented: the motor is controlled to run forward in a constant speed and voltage manner, and the motor current change trend is monitored in real time by a Hall sensor during operation; when an increasing trend in the motor current is detected, the forward rotation circuit relay contacts are disconnected, the reverse rotation circuit is connected, and the drive voltage is adjusted to 85% of the rated voltage, driving the motor to reverse N revolutions; after the reverse rotation is completed, the relay contacts are disconnected again, switching back to the forward rotation circuit, and the drive voltage is adjusted to 110% of the rated voltage. Retry forward operation; if the current still increases after retrying forward rotation, and the current value this time is basically the same as the previous jamming current, then it is determined that mechanical jamming has occurred. Switch the relay contacts to terminate forward rotation, connect the reverse circuit, and control the chassis to return to the test position; if no current increase trend is detected during operation, continue to control the motor to run forward until the chassis reaches the working position, then disconnect the relay contacts and set the drive voltage to 0V.

[0071] In the electric grounding switch control strategy, after receiving the sequential control operation command from the outside, the device can switch the relay contact state according to the conventional control logic to control the grounding switch motor to perform forward and reverse rotation, thereby completing the closing and opening operations of the grounding switch and realizing the grounding switch's activation and deactivation control. Considering that the grounding switch will experience significant reverse resistance from the internal spring mechanism at the start of closing and opening, resulting in a large starting load on the motor and a tendency for weak starting and mechanism jamming, this control strategy adds torque enhancement control logic. At the initial moment of the motor's forward or reverse rotation corresponding to the grounding switch closing or opening, the device actively increases the motor drive voltage to 110% of the rated voltage. By increasing the output voltage, the motor's output starting torque is increased, thereby quickly overcoming the static reaction force generated by the spring mechanism and ensuring that the grounding switch can start smoothly.

[0072] After the grounding switch is started and the mechanism begins normal operation, the operating current of the grounding switch motor is collected in real time using a Hall sensor to continuously track the trend of motor current changes. Once a significant decrease in motor current is detected, it indicates that the mechanism has broken free from the static resistance of the spring and entered a stable operating state. The drive voltage is then restored to 100% of the rated voltage, allowing the motor to continue driving the grounding switch to complete the remaining stroke under rated operating conditions. The position status of the grounding switch is continuously monitored. When it is identified that the grounding switch has completely completed the closing or opening action and the mechanism has reached the locked position, the relay contacts corresponding to the forward and reverse rotation circuits of the grounding switch motor are immediately disconnected, the motor drive path is broken, and the output drive voltage is set to 0V to eliminate motor output, thus completing the entire electric operation process of the grounding switch.

[0073] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0074] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear, characterized in that, include; The main control processing module is used to acquire multiple configuration selection information when the switch cabinet is powered on, and generate configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and the resource library; A multi-dimensional sensing interface module is used to collect multi-source sensing signals in the switch cabinet. The multi-source sensing signals include at least angular displacement PWM signals, electrical contact temperatures, and partial discharge signals. The fusion discrimination module is used to perform trend analysis and early warning based on the electrical contact temperature, the current signal, the angular displacement PWM signal, and the configuration protection logic; The switchgear electric operation execution module is used to receive operation instructions and execute actions corresponding to the operation instructions to switch the operating conditions of the switchgear.

2. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main control processing module is configured with a three-layer configuration logic for on-site hierarchical reconstruction, which is used to reconstruct the configuration protection logic locally, so that the measurement and control device can be adapted to switchgear with multiple load types. The three-layer configuration logic includes an object layer, a primary scheme layer, and a secondary protection scheme layer. The object layer is used to select the cabinet type of the local switchgear and the physical attributes corresponding to the cabinet type from a preset object library in order to define the configuration constraint boundary. The primary solution layer is used to call the component quantity model and electrical connection topology from the load type library according to the cabinet type, the physical attributes and the load type of the switch cabinet load, and construct an electrical physical model corresponding to the switch cabinet according to the component quantity model, electrical connection topology and local component configuration parameters; The secondary protection scheme layer is used to determine a first protection scheme from the protection function library based on the electrical physical model and the load type, and to generate configuration protection logic that adapts to the switchgear and the switchgear load based on the first protection scheme and the second protection scheme selected by the user locally.

3. The switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The protection function library includes at least current protection schemes, over-temperature protection schemes, and partial discharge abnormality protection schemes.

4. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fusion discrimination module specifically includes: The mechanical characteristic trend analysis unit is used to calculate the mechanical characteristic parameters of the circuit breaker of the switch cabinet based on the angular displacement PWM signal, and to determine the change value of the mechanical characteristic parameters used for trend analysis. A temperature trend analysis unit is used to determine the temperature change value for trend analysis based on the electrical contact temperature signal. A partial discharge signal trend analysis unit is used to determine the partial discharge signal change value for trend analysis based on the partial discharge signal. The video linkage unit is used to trigger the camera device when the mechanical characteristic parameters change, the temperature change value changes, or the partial discharge signal change value shows an abnormal trend.

5. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The video linkage unit is configured to adjust the camera device to the center position where the abnormality exists and activate the video detection mode when the mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature, or partial discharge signal changes abnormally.

6. The switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fusion discrimination module further includes: The fault determination unit is used to determine fault information based on the mechanical characteristic parameters, temperature change value, partial discharge signal change value and their respective corresponding fault indicators after the video linkage unit completes the position adjustment.

7. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The switchgear electric operation execution module specifically includes: The first operation execution unit is used to execute the anti-jamming control logic of the electric chassis vehicle and the grounding switch starting torque enhancement control logic when the control mode is the built-in Hall active output control mode. The second operation execution unit is used to generate operation instructions when the control mode is the external Hall sensor communication control mode. The operation instructions are used to drive the external mechanism controller to complete the motor drive.

8. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The anti-jamming control logic of the electric chassis vehicle is to control the electric chassis vehicle motor to run in the forward direction at a constant voltage, and to collect the motor current of the chassis vehicle in real time through a Hall sensor; when an abnormal increase in motor current is detected, the drive voltage is reduced and reversed for a preset number of revolutions, and then the rated voltage is restored to retry forward operation; if the motor current continues to exceed the standard and is determined to be a jamming fault, the electric chassis vehicle is controlled to return to the test position. After the chassis vehicle is detected to have accurately reached the test position, the drive output of the chassis vehicle motor is cut off and the machine is stopped and locked.

9. The holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device for switchgear as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The grounding switch starting torque enhancement control logic outputs a drive voltage to start the grounding switch, restores the rated drive voltage after the grounding switch motor current decreases, and cuts off the grounding switch motor drive output after detecting and identifying the grounding switch's position.

10. A control method for a switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device, applied to the switchgear holographic sensing intelligent protection and control device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: When the switch cabinet is powered on, the main control processing module acquires multiple configuration selection information and generates configuration protection logic based on the multiple configuration selection information and the resource library; The multi-dimensional sensing interface module collects multi-source sensing signals from the switch cabinet, and the multi-source sensing signals include at least angular displacement PWM signal, electrical contact temperature and partial discharge signal; The fusion discrimination module performs trend analysis and early warning based on the electrical contact temperature, the current signal, the angular displacement PWM signal, and the configuration protection logic; The switchgear electric operation execution module receives operation instructions and executes actions corresponding to the operation instructions to switch the operating conditions of the switchgear.

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