Discharge control method of pulse generator, electronic device, medium, and program product

Abstract

The application provides a discharge control method of a pulse generator, an electronic device, a medium and a program product; the method comprises the following steps: the pulse generator comprises multiple stages of Marx circuits which are cascaded in sequence, and each stage of the Marx circuits comprises at least an energy storage capacitor and a power switching device which are connected to each other; in the case that the energy storage capacitors of all the stages of the Marx circuits are in a charging completion state, the signal transmission time sequence of sending a conduction signal to all the stages of the Marx circuits is determined according to preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to all the stages of the Marx circuits and preset conduction interval durations corresponding to all the stages of the Marx circuits; the conduction signal is sent to all the stages of the Marx circuits in sequence according to the signal transmission time sequence; and the energy storage capacitors in all the stages of the Marx circuits are discharged in series when the power switching devices in all the stages of the Marx circuits are in a conduction state. The method can improve the reliability of the discharge control process of the pulse generator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to power electronics technology, and more particularly to a discharge control method for a pulse generator, electronic equipment, dielectric, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse generators can produce pulse signals with specific width, frequency, and amplitude. Taking the Marx generator as an example, as the core topology of high-voltage pulse generation technology, it can efficiently convert narrow or wide pulse high-voltage outputs with amplitudes much higher than the power supply voltage using a low-voltage DC power supply by relying on the unique working principle of "parallel charging and series discharging". Its technical characteristics make it irreplaceable in many key fields.

[0003] Currently, Marx generators generally include multi-stage Marx circuits, charging branches, and control circuits. Each Marx circuit includes diodes, energy storage capacitors, and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) switching transistors. The charging and discharging principle of the Marx generator is as follows: when the Marx generator needs to be charged, the control circuit controls the IGBT switching transistors of each Marx circuit to be turned off, and the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit are charged in parallel using the charging branch; when the Marx generator is discharging, the control circuit controls the IGBT switching transistors of each Marx circuit to be turned on, so that the capacitors of each Marx circuit are discharged in series to generate a high-voltage pulse signal.

[0004] However, the high-voltage pulse signal has a large rising slope during the discharge process of this pulse generator. An excessively large rising slope will not only increase the switching losses of the power switching devices, but also aggravate the electromagnetic interference in the corresponding Marx circuit, thus causing unstable discharge operation and making it impossible to achieve reliable discharge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a discharge control method for a pulse generator, an electronic device, a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product, which can improve the reliability of the discharge control process of the pulse generator.

[0006] This application provides a discharge control method for a pulse generator. The pulse generator includes multiple cascaded Marx circuits, each Marx circuit including at least an interconnected energy storage capacitor and a power switching device. When all the power switching devices in the multiple Marx circuits are in the ON state, the energy storage capacitors in the multiple Marx circuits are connected in series. The method includes: With the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit fully charged, the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit is determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit; the conduction signals are used to control the power switching devices of the corresponding Marx circuit to conduct. According to the signal transmission timing, conduction signals are sent to each level of Marx circuit in sequence, so that the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit are turned on within a preset time range, and the interval between the conduction of the power switching devices in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval; when the power switching devices in each level of Marx circuit are all in the conducting state, the energy storage capacitors in each level of Marx circuit are discharged in series.

[0007] In the above scheme, the signal transmission timing for sending the conduction signal to each level of the Marx circuit is determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of the Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of the Marx circuit, including: Based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx circuit, the initial signal transmission timing for sending the turn-on signal to each level of Marx circuit is determined; wherein, the initial signal transmission timing refers to the signal transmission timing that enables the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit to conduct within a preset time range; The initial signal transmission timing is adjusted according to the preset conduction interval duration to obtain the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit.

[0008] The above scheme also includes the following methods: When all the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit are in a charging state, determine the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply to the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit. When the charging current is lower than the current threshold within a preset time range, it is determined that the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are in the charging completed state.

[0009] In the above scheme, the output terminal of the pulse generator is provided with a signal output interface, which is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator; the signal output interface is connected to the preset frequency detection circuit; the preset frequency detection circuit is a resistor-capacitor (RC) integration circuit. After sequentially sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit, the method further includes: With the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit in a discharged state, the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within a preset time period is converted into a voltage signal using an RC integrator circuit. When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold, adjust the maximum allowable pulse width of the first discharge pulse signal output by the pulse generator, and record the continuous duration of the voltage signal being greater than the voltage threshold. When the continuous duration exceeds the duration threshold, the power switching devices controlling each level of the Marx circuit are in the off state.

[0010] In the above scheme, the output terminal of the pulse generator is provided with a signal output interface, which is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator; each Marx circuit is provided with a sampling interface, which is used to collect the second discharge pulse signal generated by the corresponding Marx circuit; the signal output interface and multiple sampling interfaces are all connected to a preset protection circuit; the preset protection circuit includes a signal detection module and a protection module that are interconnected. After sequentially sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit, the method further includes: The signal detection module outputs a level signal corresponding to the signal to be detected; the signal to be detected includes one or more of a first discharge pulse signal and multiple second discharge pulse signals; the level signal indicates whether the signal to be detected is abnormal. When the level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard abnormal signal, the protection module outputs a blocking signal corresponding to the pulse generator. The power switching devices of each stage of the Marx circuit are controlled to be in the off state by using a blocking signal until a reset operation for the pulse generator is detected, and the pulse generator is controlled to return to the preset state.

[0011] In the above scheme, the pulse generator is set on multiple circuit boards; each circuit board is used to carry the first-stage Marx circuit of the pulse generator; the multiple circuit boards are connected in series through a preset conductor, wherein the impedance value of the preset conductor is lower than the impedance threshold. The positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor in each Marx circuit are connected to a preset position on the circuit board that carries the corresponding Marx circuit via a coaxial structure. Each pin of the power switching device in each Marx circuit is connected to the circuit board that carries the corresponding Marx circuit, and the distance between each pin and the circuit board that carries the corresponding Marx circuit is lower than the distance threshold.

[0012] In the above scheme, multiple circuit boards are mounted on a heat dissipation base; the heat dissipation base is divided into multiple heat dissipation areas; each circuit board corresponds to each heat dissipation area; each heat dissipation area has a heat dissipation channel inside, which is used to reduce the temperature of the circuit board corresponding to the heat dissipation channel. The heat sink is also equipped with a first signal interface and a second signal interface. The first signal interface is used to input a preset power signal to the pulse generator, and the second signal interface is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator. The preset power signal is used to charge the energy storage capacitors of each stage of the Marx circuit.

[0013] This application provides an electronic device, which includes: Memory is used to store executable instructions or computer programs. When a processor executes computer-executable instructions or computer programs stored in a memory, it implements the discharge control method for the pulse generator provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0014] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the discharge control method of the pulse generator provided in this application.

[0015] This application provides a computer program product, including a computer program or computer-executable instructions. When the computer program or computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the discharge control method of the pulse generator provided in this application.

[0016] In this embodiment, the pulse generator includes multiple cascaded Marx circuits. Each Marx circuit includes at least an energy storage capacitor and a power switching device connected to each other. When the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are fully charged, the signal transmission sequence for sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit is determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information of each Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit. The conduction signal is used to control the power switching device of the corresponding Marx circuit to conduct. According to the signal transmission sequence, the conduction signal is sent to each Marx circuit sequentially, so that the power switching device of each Marx circuit conducts within a preset time range, and the conduction interval duration of the power switching device in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval duration. When the power switching device in each Marx circuit is in the conduction state, the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit discharge in series. As can be seen, this application comprehensively considers the preset signal transmission delay information of each Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit, accurately determines the signal transmission timing of sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit, so that the power switching devices of each Marx circuit that receive the conduction signal conduct within a preset time range, and the conduction interval duration of the power switching devices in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval duration. By using this staggered conduction method within a preset time range, the rising slope of the high voltage pulse output by the pulse generator is limited, thereby reducing the loss of the power switching devices, reducing the electromagnetic interference of each Marx circuit, and realizing reliable discharge control of the pulse generator. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse generator provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the discharge control method for the pulse generator provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the RC integrator circuit provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the protection circuit provided in the embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the pulse generator provided in this application and the sampling device and the driving circuit, respectively; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the pulse generator provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" mentioned above are only used to distinguish between different options and do not represent the degree of superiority or inferiority of the options or their priority in the implementation process. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limitations on this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the following description, references are made to “some embodiments,” which describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that “some embodiments” may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and may be combined with each other without conflict.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0022] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be interpreted broadly, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact between two contacting parties with substantially no interaction force, or contact between two contacting parties with interaction force.

[0026] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0027] In related technologies, solid-state Marx generators are based on the classic Marx "parallel charging, series discharging" boost principle. They use semiconductor solid-state power switches (MOSFET, IGBT, SiC MOSFET, etc.) to replace traditional spark gap gas switches, and are combined with energy storage capacitors and DC power modules to form a modular high-voltage pulse generation device.

[0028] Taking the use of IGBT switches to replace traditional spark gap gas switches as an example, a solid-state Marx circuit generally includes multiple Marx circuits, a charging branch, and a control circuit. Each Marx circuit includes a diode, an energy storage capacitor, and an IGBT switch. The control circuit controls the on / off state of the IGBT switches in each Marx circuit. The charging branch charges the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit in parallel when all IGBT switches in each Marx circuit are on. Simultaneously, when all IGBT switches in each Marx circuit are off, the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit can discharge in series. Therefore, the charging and discharging principle of its Marx generator is as follows: when the Marx generator needs charging, the control circuit controls all IGBT switches in each Marx circuit to be off, so that the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit can be charged in parallel using the charging branch; when the Marx generator needs discharging, the control circuit controls all IGBT switches in each Marx circuit to be on, so that the capacitors in each Marx circuit can discharge in series to generate a high-voltage pulse signal.

[0029] However, in practical engineering applications, solid-state Marx generators still face many technical bottlenecks. For example, the rising slope of the high-voltage pulse during the discharge process of a solid-state Marx generator is relatively large. An excessively large rising slope will not only increase the switching losses of the power switching devices, but also aggravate the electromagnetic interference of the discharge circuit, thereby causing unstable discharge operation and making it impossible to achieve reliable discharge.

[0030] In view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned related technologies, this application provides a discharge control method for a pulse generator 101, which can improve the reliability of the discharge control process of the pulse generator 101. To illustrate the technical solution of this application, specific embodiments are described below.

[0031] This application provides a discharge control method for a pulse generator 101, which is applied to a controller 102 for the pulse generator 101. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The controller 102 is connected to the pulse generator 101. The pulse generator 101 includes a series of multi-stage Marx circuits 103. Each Marx circuit 103 includes at least an energy storage capacitor 104 and a power switching device 105 connected to each other. When all the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuits 103 are in the on state, the energy storage capacitors 104 in the multi-stage Marx circuits 103 are connected in series.

[0032] The main function of the pulse generator 101 is to generate a pulse signal with a specific width, frequency and amplitude. The pulse generator 101 of this application can be a Marx generator or other generators with a structure of cascaded multi-stage Marx circuits 103 that can generate high-voltage pulse signals.

[0033] The energy storage capacitor 104 mainly consists of two conductor plates and an insulating dielectric, which can store charge and quickly release the stored charge.

[0034] The power switching device 105 has two states: on and off. The state of the power switching device 105 in each Marx circuit 103 is controlled by the controller 102. The controller 102 controls the charging and discharging process of the pulse generator 101 by controlling the on or off state of the power switching device 105 in each Marx circuit 103. More specifically, the controller 102 controls the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor 104 in each Marx circuit 103 of the pulse generator 101 by controlling the on or off state of the power switching device 105 in each Marx circuit 103. In practical applications, the power switching device 105 can be an IGBT, MOSFET, or other similar device.

[0035] For example, when all the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are in the on state, the energy storage capacitors 104 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are discharged in series; when all the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are in the off state, the energy storage capacitors 104 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are charged in parallel.

[0036] Specifically, the pulse generator 101 includes N cascaded Marx circuits 103, such as... Figure 1 The Marx circuit consists of a first-stage Marx circuit, a second-stage Marx circuit, ..., an (n-1)th-stage Marx circuit, and an nth-stage Marx circuit. Each Marx circuit 103 includes at least one energy storage capacitor 104 and one power switching device 105, with the energy storage capacitor 104 and the power switching device 105 connected together.

[0037] When all power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are in the off state, the energy storage capacitors 104 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are connected in parallel. The preset power signal flows to the energy storage capacitors 104 in each of the parallel Marx circuits 103, so that the energy storage capacitors 104 in each of the Marx circuits 103 stores the obtained charge.

[0038] When all power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are in the on state, the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage Marx circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the second-stage Marx circuit, the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the second-stage Marx circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the third-stage Marx circuit, and so on, the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the (n-1)th-stage Marx circuit is connected to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the nth-stage Marx circuit. That is to say, the energy storage capacitors 104 in the N-stage Marx circuits are connected in series. The charge stored in the energy storage capacitor in each stage of the Marx circuit can flow to the next stage of the Marx circuit along this path, and thus the charge stored in the energy storage capacitors in the N-stage Marx circuits flows to the signal output interface, resulting in a narrow pulse or wide pulse high voltage output with an amplitude much higher than that of the charging power supply. For example, if the charge stored in the energy storage capacitor in each stage of the Marx circuit is U0, then the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface is U=NU0.

[0039] In some embodiments, this application further provides a plurality of first reverse diodes 112 between the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor of each Marx circuit stage and the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the next Marx circuit stage. For example, a first reverse diode 112 is provided between the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the first Marx circuit stage and the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the second Marx circuit stage, or a first reverse diode 112 is provided between the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the second Marx circuit stage and the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the third Marx circuit stage. The reverse diode is a special type of tunnel diode. Unlike ordinary diodes, it has a very small current under forward low voltage, behaving similarly to an ordinary diode, but the current increases rapidly under reverse bias. Furthermore, a first reverse diode 112 is also provided between the positive terminal of the first Marx circuit stage and the preceding circuit.

[0040] By placing a first reverse diode 112 between the positive terminal of the corresponding Marx circuit and the preceding circuit in the first-stage Marx circuit, and between the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor of each Marx circuit and the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor of the next Marx circuit, when the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are all in the on state, the charge stored in the energy storage capacitor 104 of the previous Marx circuit can flow smoothly to the next Marx circuit, and the charge stored in the energy storage capacitor 104 of the next Marx circuit cannot flow back to the previous Marx circuit. This ensures that the charges of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are superimposed in the same direction, and there is no polarity cancellation, which would result in a significant reduction in the amplitude of the output pulse signal.

[0041] In some embodiments, continue to refer to Figure 1 The pulse generator 101 also includes a charging branch, which includes at least a charging power supply 106. The energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are connected to the charging power supply 106. When the pulse generator 101 is in the charging phase, the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are all in the off state, and the energy storage capacitors 104 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are connected in parallel. At this time, the charge signal from the charging power supply 106 flows to the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103, allowing the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 to store charge. In practical applications, the charging power supply 106 is a DC charging power supply, capable of outputting a constant and stable DC voltage, preventing the capacitor voltage of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 from fluctuating with the power frequency and forming a large voltage difference, which could lead to the breakdown of the reverse diode. When the pulse generator 101 is in the discharging phase, the charging path with the charging power supply 106 needs to be disconnected.

[0042] Further reference Figure 1The charging branch also includes an isolation inductor 107 and a first resistor 108. When the pulse generator 101 is in the charging stage, the power switching devices 105 in the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 are all in the conducting state. The energy storage capacitors 104 in each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are connected to the DC charging power supply 106 in parallel through the first resistor 108 and the isolation inductor 107. Therefore, the power signal of the charging power supply 106 can flow to the first resistor 108 and the isolation inductor 107, and finally flow to the energy storage capacitors 104 in each stage of the Marx circuit 103.

[0043] The first resistor 108 serves to limit the charging current and sampling current. The first resistor 108, together with the isolation inductor 107, serves to isolate the DC power supply from the multi-stage Marx circuit.

[0044] In some embodiments, still refer to Figure 1 The pulse generator 101 also includes a second resistor 109. One end of the second resistor 109 is connected to the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor in the first-stage Marx circuit, and the other end of the second resistor 109 is connected to the power switch circuit in the Nth-stage Marx circuit. The second resistor 109 is also grounded. The second resistor 109 differs from conventional interstage resistors; it is a cross-stage resistor. This cross-stage resistor is not connected in parallel with the load and does not occupy the main discharge circuit. During charging, it experiences only a small static leakage current loss, and during discharging, it does not affect the pulse peak output. Together with the reverse diode next to each stage energy storage capacitor 104, it forms a complete charge and discharge protection network. Specifically, when the pulse generator 101 is charging, it provides a zero-potential reference for each stage of the Marx circuit 103. This zero-potential reference improves the charging voltage consistency of each stage of the energy storage capacitor 104, preventing situations where the front stage is under-voltage and the rear stage is over-charged. When the pulse generator 101 is in the discharged state, the residual high voltage of the series capacitors of each stage of the Marx circuit can be quickly released to the ground through the second resistor 109. In other cases, if a Marx circuit malfunctions, causing the discharge circuit to break and the high-voltage charge of multiple Marx circuits 103 to be unable to be released, the second resistor 109 can also provide a global discharge path, slowly guiding the high-voltage pulse signal output from the energy storage capacitors of each stage of the Marx circuit to the ground, protecting the corresponding Marx circuit.

[0045] Furthermore, Figure 2 A flowchart of a discharge control method for a pulse generator provided in this application embodiment, taking the method applied to controller 102 as an example, the discharge control method for pulse generator 101 provided in this application includes the following steps S201~S202: S201, when the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are fully charged, the signal transmission timing for sending the conduction signal to each Marx circuit is determined according to the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit.

[0046] The conduction signal is used to control the power switching device of the corresponding Marx circuit to conduct.

[0047] Among them, the preset signal transmission delay information refers to the time required for the controller to send a conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit and for the corresponding Marx circuit to receive the conduction signal, and the preset conduction interval duration refers to the interval duration between the conduction of the power switching devices of two adjacent Marx circuits.

[0048] Specifically, when the power switching devices 105 in each Marx circuit 103 are all in the off state, the charge output by the DC power supply of the pulse generator 101 can flow to the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103, so that the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are all in the charging state.

[0049] When the charge stored in the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 reaches the charge threshold, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are in the fully charged state, and at this time, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 can be controlled to enter the discharge state.

[0050] When controlling the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 to enter the discharge state, it is necessary to control the power switching devices 105 in each Marx circuit 103 to be in the conducting state. Therefore, the controller 102 needs to send a conduction signal to each Marx circuit 103 to turn on the power switching devices 105 of each Marx circuit 103. It should be noted that since the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 discharge by superimposing voltages in series, all power switching devices 105 of the Marx circuit 103 need to be turned on synchronously to ensure that the polarities of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are connected in series and a high-voltage pulse signal U=NU0 is output. Otherwise, voltage drops in the pulse signal and device breakdown will occur.

[0051] Furthermore, the controller 102 sends conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103 through the corresponding signal transmission channels of each Marx circuit 103. However, the signal transmission delays of the corresponding signal transmission channels of each Marx circuit 103 are not necessarily the same, and the time required from the controller 102 sending the conduction signal to each Marx circuit receiving the conduction signal is not necessarily the same. That is to say, if the controller 102 sends conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103 at the same time, some Marx circuits may receive the conduction signal at a time that is not synchronized with the time that other Marx circuits receive the conduction signal. The power switching devices 105 of each Marx circuit 103 cannot be turned on synchronously. Therefore, the controller 102 needs to adjust the signal transmission timing of sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103, and then send conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103 in sequence according to the signal transmission timing, so that each Marx circuit 103 receives the conduction signal at the same time.

[0052] It should be noted that "simultaneously" in the context of each Marx circuit 103 receiving the conduction signal does not mean the exact same moment. Rather, it means that each Marx circuit 103 receives the conduction signal within a preset time range, causing the power switching devices 105 of each Marx circuit 103 to conduct within the preset time range. This preset time range is set to a relatively short period because if each Marx circuit 103 were strictly set to receive the conduction signal at the same moment, causing the power switching devices 105 of each Marx circuit 103 to conduct at exactly the same moment, the rise slope of the high-voltage pulse during the discharge process of the pulse generator 101 would be too large. An excessively large rise slope would not only increase the switching losses of the power switching devices but also exacerbate the electromagnetic interference in the discharge circuit, thereby causing unstable discharge operation and preventing reliable discharge.

[0053] Therefore, the controller 102 adopts a micro-time staggered conduction method for the power switching devices 105 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103, and sequentially conducts each stage of the power switching devices 105 within a preset time range according to a preset conduction interval. For example, the conduction interval between the power switching devices of two adjacent Marx circuits is set to 10ns or 5ns. By reducing the rise slope of the equivalent output voltage of the multi-stage Marx circuit in the above manner, the dv / dt of the first discharge pulse signal is limited, the power switching devices are protected from damage, electromagnetic interference is reduced, load stress is reduced, the cost of the buffer circuit is reduced, and the overall reliability and lifespan of the Marx generator are improved.

[0054] Based on the above analysis, the signal transmission timing of the conduction signals sent by the controller 102 to each level of Marx loop 103 is affected by the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx loop 103 and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of Marx loop 103. Therefore, the signal transmission timing of sending conduction signals to each level of Marx loop 103 can be determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information of each level of Marx loop 103 and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of Marx loop 103.

[0055] For example, the pulse generator 101 is equipped with a first-stage Marx circuit, a second-stage Marx circuit, and a third-stage Marx circuit. The signal transmission delay of the first-stage Marx circuit is 12ns, the signal transmission delay of the second-stage Marx circuit is 13ns, and the signal transmission delay of the third-stage Marx circuit is 10ns. The preset conduction interval for each Marx circuit 103 is 5ns. Then, the signal transmission sequence for sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103 is determined as follows: within t=0s, send the conduction signal to the second-stage Marx circuit → within t=13ns-12ns+5ns=6ns, send the conduction signal to the first-stage Marx circuit → within t=13ns-10ns+10ns=14ns, send the conduction signal to the third-stage Marx circuit.

[0056] In some embodiments, the preset conduction interval time corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103 is the interval time between the sequential conduction of the power switching devices of two adjacent Marx circuits. The preset conduction interval time between the power switching devices of two adjacent Marx circuits can be a fixed interval time or a variable interval time. For example, the conduction interval time between the power switching devices of the first-level Marx circuit and the power switching devices of the second-level Marx circuit is 10ns, and the conduction interval time between the power switching devices of the second-level Marx circuit and the power switching devices of the third-level Marx circuit is 9ns. This is not limited here.

[0057] In some embodiments, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 being in a fully charged state means that the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 can no longer be charged or can only be charged with very little power. This application can detect the electrical characteristics of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103, and determine whether the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are all in a fully charged state by judging whether the electrical characteristics of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 can stably meet the electrical characteristic conditions corresponding to the fully charged state. In practical applications, the electrical characteristics can be the voltage of the energy storage capacitor 104, the charging current flowing to the energy storage capacitor 104, etc.

[0058] Furthermore, in determining whether the electrical characteristics of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 can stably meet the electrical characteristic conditions corresponding to the charging completion state, a time range can be set. When the electrical characteristics of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 meet the electrical characteristic conditions corresponding to the charging completion state within the set time range, it indicates that the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are in the charging completion state.

[0059] In some embodiments, the signal transmission channel between the controller 102 and each Marx loop 103 can be an optical transmission channel or a magnetic transmission channel, etc. When the signal transmission channel of a Marx loop is an optical transmission channel, the controller 102 sends a conduction signal to the corresponding Marx loop through a medium such as an optocoupler; when the signal transmission channel of a Marx loop is a magnetic transmission channel, the controller 102 sends a conduction signal to the corresponding Marx loop through a medium such as a magnetic field.

[0060] S202, according to the signal transmission timing, sequentially send conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit, so that the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit are turned on within a preset time range, and the interval between the conduction of the power switching devices in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval.

[0061] When all power switching devices in each Marx circuit are in the on state, the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit are discharged in series.

[0062] Specifically, the signal transmission timing refers to the signal transmission timing that ensures the power switching devices 105 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are turned on within a preset time range, and the interval between the turn-on of the power switching devices 105 in two adjacent Marx circuits is a preset turn-on interval. Turning on within the preset time range means that the power switching devices of each stage of the Marx circuit are turned on within the same time range.

[0063] According to the signal transmission timing, conduction signals are sent sequentially to each level of Marx circuit 103, so that the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 achieve micro-time misalignment conduction within the same time range, reducing the rise slope of the equivalent output voltage of each level of Marx circuit, thereby limiting the dv / dt of the first discharge pulse signal output by each level of Marx circuit, protecting the power switching devices from damage, reducing electromagnetic interference, and improving the reliability and lifespan of the pulse generator.

[0064] In some embodiments, each Marx loop 103 further includes a drive circuit connected to the power switching device 105 in the corresponding Marx loop. The drive circuit is used to receive a turn-on signal sent by the controller 102 and drive the connected power switching device 105 to turn on.

[0065] In some embodiments, after all the power switching devices 105 of each Marx circuit 103 are turned on, the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 discharge in series. At this time, it is necessary to monitor the discharge state of the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 in real time to avoid abnormal discharge states of the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103.

[0066] In some embodiments, if the discharge state of the energy storage capacitor 104 in each level of Marx circuit 103 is abnormal, it is necessary to control the energy storage capacitor 104 in each level of Marx circuit 103 to stop discharging. At this time, the controller 102 can be selected to stop sending the conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit 103, or the signal transmission channel between the controller 102 and each level of Marx circuit 103 can be destroyed, so that each level of Marx circuit 103 cannot receive the conduction signal.

[0067] In the above method, the pulse generator 101 includes multiple cascaded Marx circuits, each Marx circuit 103 including at least an energy storage capacitor 104 and a power switching device 105 connected to each other; when the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are all fully charged, the signal transmission timing for sending the conduction signal to each Marx circuit 103 is determined according to the preset signal transmission delay information of each Marx circuit 103 and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit 103; the conduction signal The power switching device 105 of the corresponding Marx circuit is turned on. According to the signal transmission timing, the power switching device 105 of each Marx circuit 103 is sent sequentially to each level of Marx circuit 103 so that the power switching device 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 is turned on within a preset time range, and the interval between the power switching devices 105 of two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset turn-on interval. When the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 are all in the turned-on state, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 are discharged in series. As can be seen, this application comprehensively considers the preset signal transmission delay information of each level of Marx circuit 103 and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103, accurately determines the signal transmission timing of sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103, so that the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 that receive the conduction signal conduct within the preset time range, and the conduction interval duration of the power switching devices 105 in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval duration. By using this method of staggered conduction within the preset time range, the rising slope of the high voltage pulse output by the pulse generator 101 is limited, thereby reducing the loss of the power switching devices 105, reducing the electromagnetic interference of each level of Marx circuit 103, and realizing reliable discharge control of the pulse generator 101.

[0068] In this embodiment, the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103 is determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103 and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103, including: Based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103, the initial signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103 is determined; the initial signal transmission timing is adjusted according to the preset conduction interval duration to obtain the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103.

[0069] The initial signal transmission timing refers to the signal transmission timing that enables the power switching devices 105 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 to conduct within a preset time range.

[0070] Specifically, the time required for the controller 102 to send a conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit 103 and receive the conduction signal is not necessarily the same. In other words, there is a certain delay in the signal transmission between the controller 102 and each level of Marx circuit 103. Therefore, the initial signal transmission timing for sending the conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit 103 can be determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103. This initial signal transmission timing can enable the power switching device 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 to conduct within a preset time range.

[0071] However, this initial signal transmission timing is not the optimal signal transmission timing. When the conduction signals are sent to each Marx circuit according to this initial signal transmission timing, the rising slope of the first discharge pulse signal output by the energy storage capacitor 104 of each Marx circuit 103 will be large. Therefore, in order to reduce the rising slope of the first discharge pulse signal output by the energy storage capacitor 104 of each Marx circuit 103, a micro-time staggered conduction method can be adopted for the power switching device 105 of each Marx circuit 103, that is, a micro-delay trigger time window is set. This micro-delay trigger time window includes the preset conduction interval between the power switching devices 105 of two adjacent Marx circuits. The initial signal transmission timing is adjusted according to the preset conduction interval to obtain the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each Marx circuit 103.

[0072] According to the signal transmission timing, conduction signals are sent to each level of Marx circuit 103 in sequence, so that the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 are turned on in a staggered manner within a preset time range according to a preset conduction interval.

[0073] In some embodiments, the determination of the initial signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each stage of the Marx circuit 103 includes: measuring the signal transmission delay T of each stage of the Marx circuit. i And the longest signal transmission delay T in each level of Marx loop 103 is... max As a baseline, the delay compensation amount of the Marx circuit corresponding to the longest signal transmission delay is recorded as 0, and the delay compensation amount ΔT of other Marx circuits is calculated. i =T max T i Based on the delay compensation of all Marx circuits, the initial signal transmission timing for sending the turn-on signal to each level of Marx circuit 103 is determined.

[0074] For example, if the signal transmission delay of the first-stage Marx circuit is 12ns, the signal transmission delay of the second-stage Marx circuit is 13ns, and the signal transmission delay of the third-stage Marx circuit is 10ns, then the signal transmission delay of the second-stage Marx circuit (13ns) is taken as the reference value. At this time, the delay compensation of the second-stage Marx circuit is 0, the delay compensation of the first-stage Marx circuit is 13ns-12ns=1ns, and the delay compensation of the third-stage Marx circuit is 13ns-10ns=3ns. Therefore, the initial signal transmission sequence for sending the conduction signal to each stage of the Marx circuit 103 can be determined as follows: within t=t0, send the conduction signal to the second-stage Marx circuit → within t=t0+1ns, send the conduction signal to the first-stage Marx circuit → within t=t0+3ns, send the conduction signal to the third-stage Marx circuit.

[0075] Referring further to this example, let the preset conduction interval be 5ns. Then, the delay compensation amount of the second-stage Marx circuit remains t0, the delay compensation amount of the first-stage Marx circuit is adjusted to t0+1ns+5ns, and the delay compensation amount of the third-stage Marx circuit is adjusted to t0+3ns+10ns=13ns. Based on the delay compensation amount of each Marx circuit, the initial signal transmission timing is adjusted, and the resulting signal transmission timing is: within t=t0, send the conduction signal to the second-stage Marx circuit → within t=t0+6ns, send the conduction signal to the first-stage Marx circuit → within t=t0+13ns, send the conduction signal to the third-stage Marx circuit.

[0076] In the above embodiments, the initial signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103 is determined based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103. The initial signal transmission timing is then adjusted according to the preset conduction interval duration to obtain the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103. This signal transmission timing comprehensively considers the delay compensation of each level of Marx circuit 103 receiving the conduction signal, as well as the preset conduction interval duration between two adjacent Marx circuits. Based on the output of multi-level high-voltage discharge pulses, it can reduce the rising slope of the equivalent output discharge pulse signal of the multi-level Marx circuit, effectively reduce electromagnetic interference and device overstress, and improve the reliability of the discharge control of the pulse generator 101.

[0077] In this embodiment of the application, the discharge control method for the pulse generator further includes: When all the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit are in a charging state, the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit is determined; when the charging current is lower than the current threshold within a preset time range, it is determined that all the energy storage capacitors in each Marx circuit are in a fully charged state.

[0078] The charging current refers to the amount of charge flowing into the capacitor plates of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of the Marx circuit 103 per unit time when the preset charging power supply 106 delivers charge to the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of the Marx circuit 103.

[0079] In this embodiment, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are determined to be in a fully charged state by judging whether the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 meets the charging current condition corresponding to the fully charged state.

[0080] Specifically, when all the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are in a charging state, the controller 102 collects the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 in real time. When the charging current meets the charging current condition corresponding to the charging completion state, it is determined that all the energy storage capacitors 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are in the charging completion state.

[0081] Furthermore, the charging current condition corresponding to the charging completion state can be that the charging current is lower than the current threshold within a preset time range. This current threshold is small. When the charging current meets the charging current condition corresponding to the charging completion state, it means that the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitor 104 corresponding to each level of Marx circuit 103 is very weak. The energy storage capacitor 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 is equivalent to being unable to be charged. Therefore, the energy storage capacitor 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 is in the charging completion state.

[0082] In practical applications, the current threshold can be set to 2%–5% of the rated charging current of the energy storage capacitor 104 of the corresponding Marx circuit. When the charging current is lower than 2%–5% of the corresponding rated charging current within a preset time range, it is determined that the energy storage capacitor 104 of each level of the Marx circuit 103 is in the charging completed state.

[0083] It should be noted that since the preset DC charging power supply 106 charges the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 in parallel, the charging current of the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 can be considered to be the same. Therefore, the controller 102 can directly collect the current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103, and use this current as the charging current.

[0084] When a first resistor 108 for current limiting is set between each level of Marx circuit 103 and the preset charging power supply 106, the controller 102 collects the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitor 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103, which may be the current flowing through the first resistor 108.

[0085] In some embodiments, the pulse generator 101 is also connected to the analog-to-digital converter interface of the controller 102 via a sampling device. The sampling device is used to collect the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply 106 to the energy storage capacitor 104 of each stage of Marx circuit 103, and to send the collected charging current to the analog-to-digital converter interface of the controller 102. The analog-to-digital converter interface of the controller 102 converts the charging current into a digital signal and compares and analyzes the digital signal corresponding to the charging current with the current threshold.

[0086] In the above embodiments, a self-balancing control method based on charging current is adopted, which eliminates the need for independent voltage sampling of each Marx circuit. Since the Marx circuits at each level are charged in parallel during the charging process, the charging current corresponding to each Marx circuit is the same. Therefore, by collecting the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply to the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit at one time, it is possible to determine whether the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are in the charging completed state, thereby improving the efficiency of determining whether the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are in the charging completed state.

[0087] In other embodiments of this application, the output terminal of the pulse generator 101 is provided with a signal output interface, which is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101; the signal output interface is connected to a preset frequency detection circuit; the preset frequency detection circuit is a resistor-capacitor RC integral circuit. After sequentially sending conduction signals to each stage of the Marx circuit 103, the discharge control method of the pulse generator also includes: When the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 are in a discharging state, the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within a preset time period is converted into a voltage signal using an RC integrator circuit. When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold, the maximum allowable pulse width of the first discharge pulse signal output by the pulse generator 101 is adjusted, and the continuous duration of the voltage signal being greater than the voltage threshold is recorded. When the continuous duration is greater than the duration threshold, the power switching devices of each Marx circuit are controlled to be in an open state.

[0088] In this embodiment, after the power switching devices 105 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are sequentially turned on, the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are all in a discharging state. In related technologies, when outputting a first discharge pulse signal with a high repetition frequency, the heat dissipation of the power switching devices is a bottleneck, and the switching losses and conduction losses of the power switching devices increase exponentially. Therefore, this embodiment constructs a dynamic frequency protection mechanism to detect and correct signals with abnormal frequencies.

[0089] Specifically, this application includes a preset frequency detection circuit, which is connected to a signal output interface at the output terminal of the pulse generator 101. The high-voltage first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101 is output from the signal output interface and flows to the preset frequency detection circuit. This preset frequency detection circuit can be a resistor-capacitor RC filter circuit, a resistor-capacitor RC integrator circuit, an LC passive filter averaging circuit, or other circuits capable of detecting whether the signal frequency is abnormal.

[0090] This embodiment takes a resistor-capacitor RC integrator circuit as an example for the preset frequency detection circuit. Specifically, the characteristics of the RC integrator circuit are as follows: when the pulse amplitude Vp and pulse width tw of the signal input to the RC integrator circuit are fixed, the DC analog voltage output by the RC integrator circuit is proportional to the repetition frequency of the input signal. Therefore, the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within the preset time period is input to the RC integrator circuit, and the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal is converted into an analog voltage signal using the RC integrator circuit, and the voltage signal is compared with the voltage threshold.

[0091] When the voltage signal is less than or equal to the voltage threshold, it indicates that the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal is normal.

[0092] When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold, it indicates that the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal is abnormal. The electrical parameters of the pulse generator 101 need to be adjusted to restore the first discharge pulse signal to normal, and the duration of the voltage signal being greater than the voltage threshold should be recorded.

[0093] If the continuous duration exceeds the duration threshold, it indicates that the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal has not returned to normal after a certain duration. In other words, even adjusting the electrical parameters of the pulse generator 101 cannot correct this abnormality. At this time, the power switching devices 105 controlling each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are in the off state, so that the energy storage capacitors 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 stop discharging, preventing the power devices from overheating or the charging from being incomplete before the power switching devices 105 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are turned on.

[0094] Furthermore, methods for adjusting the electrical parameters of the pulse generator 101 include: compressing the maximum allowable pulse width of the first discharge pulse signal output by the pulse generator 101, adjusting the oscillation period of the pulse generator 101, or performing frequency division processing on the first discharge pulse output by the pulse generator 101 so that the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal output by the pulse generator 101 returns to normal.

[0095] In some embodiments, the power switching device 105 controlling each level of Marx circuit 103 is in an off state, including: the controller does not send a conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit, or the signal transmission channel controlling the sending of conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit is disconnected, so that the conduction signal sent by the controller 102 cannot reach each level of Marx circuit 103.

[0096] In some embodiments, controlling the disconnection of the signal transmission channel that sends conduction signals to each level of Marx circuits means triggering a protection mechanism that can control the disconnection of the signal transmission channel that sends conduction signals to each level of Marx circuits. For example, when the signal transmission channel is an optical transmission channel, the signal transmission channel that sends conduction signals to each level of Marx circuits is controlled to disconnect by optical isolation, so that the conduction signal cannot reach each level of Marx circuit 103. When the signal transmission channel is a magnetic transmission channel, the signal transmission channel that sends conduction signals to each level of Marx circuits is controlled to disconnect by magnetic isolation.

[0097] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the preset frequency detection circuit includes: 1. Input buffer gate: U1C / U1D are buffer gate circuits used to isolate interference between preceding and following stages and to shape irregularly input discharge pulse signals into standard, regular square waves.

[0098] U1B and U1E are buffer gate circuits that provide regular pulses to the back-end digital logic gates for frequency digital threshold judgment.

[0099] 2. Detector element: R6 / R14 (10kΩ resistor): Output current-limiting resistor for the buffer gate, limiting the current flowing through the corresponding diode.

[0100] R7 / R15 (2kΩ resistor): Together with the corresponding capacitor C7 or C11, they form an RC charging and discharging circuit.

[0101] V16 / V19 (Diode): Control signal flows in one direction.

[0102] C7 / C11 (0.1μF): The charge after rectification by the storage diode.

[0103] R12 / R13 (3kΩ resistors): Pull-up bias resistors to ensure that the op-amp input does not drop to 0V when there is no input signal at low frequency.

[0104] 3. Operational amplifier amplification and integration module: Upper op-amp module: U0A: Operational amplifier.

[0105] R8 (3kΩ resistor): Input current limiting isolation resistor, which isolates the detector capacitor from the op-amp input and prevents capacitor charge backflow.

[0106] RP1 Adjustable potentiometer: Gain calibration potentiometer; changes the feedback voltage division ratio.

[0107] R9 (1MΩ resistor) + C38 (220pF capacitor): Op-amp feedback RC integrator network.

[0108] C10 (0.1μF capacitor): Small filter capacitor between the non-inverting input of the op-amp and ground, further filtering out high-frequency noise interference from the input.

[0109] R10 (10kΩ resistor, connected to VCC): Static pull-up resistor for op-amp output, providing static bias to ensure output voltage at low frequencies.

[0110] C8 (220pF capacitor): One end is connected to VCC, and the other end is grounded.

[0111] The lower op-amp module includes op-amp U0B, R16 (3kΩ resistor), RP2 adjustable potentiometer, R17 (1MΩ resistor), C12 (220pF capacitor), C13 (0.1μF capacitor), and R18 (10kΩ resistor, connected to VCC). The lower op-amp module is symmetrical to the upper op-amp module, and will not be described in detail here.

[0112] 4. Smoothing circuit: V17 and V18 (clamping diodes), connected in parallel, can limit the amplitude of the output analog voltage and prevent the input voltage of the subsequent logic chip from exceeding the rated value and burning out.

[0113] R11 (100kΩ resistor) + C9 (220pF capacitor) are used to filter out the residual small AC ripple of the op-amp, and output a clean and stable DC analog voltage.

[0114] 5. Digital logic discrimination unit: Converts analog voltage (high or low frequency) into digital switching quantity to realize frequency over-limit threshold judgment.

[0115] U2A: First-level AND gate, a 4081 input AND gate.

[0116] The two inputs to U2A are: ① the discharge pulse signal after U1E shaping; ② the discharge pulse signal after U1B shaping.

[0117] Logic: When the frequency of the discharge pulse signal is higher than the set threshold (the analog voltage is high enough), both inputs are high at the same time, and the AND gate outputs a high level; if the frequency is too low, the output is low.

[0118] U2B: Second-level AND gate, a 4081 input AND gate, used for signal latching, etc.

[0119] Its workflow is as follows: The discharge pulse signal to be tested is sent to the buffer gates U1C / U1D in two paths to be shaped into a standard square wave. After detection by the detector element, the frequency of the pulse signal is converted into a corresponding DC voltage. The two DC voltages are respectively sent to the operational amplifier amplification and integration module for amplification, integration filtering and gain calibration. After the outputs of the two operational amplifiers are combined, they are subjected to bidirectional limiting by diodes and secondary RC filtering by the smoothing circuit, and the output is a stable analog voltage proportional to the input frequency. At the same time, one original discharge pulse signal is shaped by U1B and sent to the 4081 AND gate of the digital logic discrimination unit. Combined with the level after frequency-voltage conversion, threshold logic judgment is performed, and a digital switching signal reflecting the frequency level is output.

[0120] In the above embodiments, by setting an RC integrator circuit, the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within a preset time period is converted into a voltage signal, making the frequency analysis process into a more efficient voltage analysis process. It can automatically compress the maximum allowable pulse width of the first discharge pulse signal when the repetition frequency of the signal is too high. When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold within the continuous time range, the power switching devices of each stage of the Marx circuit are controlled to be in the open state to prevent the power devices from overheating and being damaged. It does not rely on complex measurement units, has strong anti-interference ability, and is suitable for long-term operation in high-voltage and strong electromagnetic environments.

[0121] In other embodiments of this application, the output terminal of the pulse generator 101 is provided with a signal output interface, which is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101; each Marx circuit 103 is provided with a sampling interface, and each sampling interface is used to collect the second discharge pulse signal generated by the corresponding Marx circuit; the signal output interface and the multiple sampling interfaces are all connected to a preset protection circuit; the preset protection circuit includes a signal detection module and a protection module that are interconnected. After sequentially sending conduction signals to each level of Marx circuit 103, the method further includes: using a signal detection module to output a level signal corresponding to the signal to be detected; when the level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard abnormal signal, using a protection module to output a blocking signal corresponding to the pulse generator; using the blocking signal to control the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit to be in the off state until a reset operation for the pulse generator 101 is detected, and controlling the pulse generator 101 to return to the preset state.

[0122] The signal to be detected includes one or more of a first discharge pulse signal and multiple second discharge pulse signals; the level signal indicates whether the signal to be detected is abnormal.

[0123] In this embodiment of the application, a preset protection circuit connected to the pulse generator 101 is also provided. The preset protection circuit is used to detect whether the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101 and the second discharge pulse signal generated by each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are abnormal, and to perform a protection action on the pulse generator 101 when an abnormal signal is detected.

[0124] Specifically, the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101 is output to the preset protection circuit through the signal output interface, and the second discharge pulse signals generated by each stage of the Marx circuit 103 are also output to the preset protection circuit through the sampling interface of the corresponding Marx circuit. The preset protection circuit analyzes one or more of the first discharge pulse signal and multiple second discharge pulse signals to determine whether the signal to be detected is an abnormal signal, and executes a protection action on the pulse generator 101 when an abnormal signal is detected. In practical applications, abnormal signals can be overcurrent, overvoltage, overtemperature, or frequency abnormal signals.

[0125] More specifically, the preset protection circuit includes interconnected signal detection modules and protection modules.

[0126] The signal detection module is used to output a first-level signal when the signal to be detected is normal, and to output a second-level signal when the signal to be detected is abnormal. The first-level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard normal signal, and the second-level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard abnormal signal.

[0127] When the level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard abnormal signal, this level signal is used as the control signal of the protection module. At this time, the protection module can output the corresponding blocking signal of the pulse generator. This blocking signal is a latching signal that can continuously block the signal. The blocking signal is used to control the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 to be in the open state, so that the energy storage capacitors 104 of each level of Marx circuit 103 stop discharging. It should be noted that the blocking signal can continue to control the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 to be in the open state even after no abnormal signal is detected, so as to avoid the interlocking protection failure caused by the repeated start and stop of the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 in the pulse generator 101.

[0128] When a reset operation is detected for the pulse generator 101, the pulse generator 101 is controlled to return to the preset state, and there is no need to use the blocking signal to control the power switching devices of each stage of the Marx circuit to be in the off state.

[0129] In some embodiments, controlling the power switching devices of each level of the Marx circuit to be in an off state using a blocking signal includes: using a blocking signal to prevent the controller from sending a conduction signal, or using a blocking signal to control the signal transmission channel that sends conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit to be disconnected.

[0130] In some embodiments, the signal detection module can be a voltage comparator, current comparator, digital Schmitt trigger, window comparator, 555 timer detection circuit, or other modules used to detect whether a signal is abnormal. Taking a voltage comparator as an example, when the voltage of the signal to be detected is greater than the voltage threshold set by the comparator, the comparator considers the voltage of the signal to be detected to be abnormal and outputs a high-level signal; when the voltage of the signal to be detected is lower than the voltage threshold set by the comparator, the comparator considers the voltage of the signal to be detected to be normal and outputs a low-level signal. Similarly, taking a current comparator as an example, when the current of the signal to be detected is greater than the current threshold set by the comparator, the comparator considers the current of the signal to be detected to be abnormal and outputs a high-level signal; when the current of the signal to be detected is lower than the current threshold set by the comparator, the comparator considers the current of the signal to be detected to be normal and outputs a low-level signal. Based on the level signals output by the signal detection module, it can be determined whether the signal to be detected is abnormal. Furthermore, only level signals indicating an abnormality in the signal to be detected can serve as control signals for the protection module, enabling the protection module to output a blocking signal corresponding to the pulse generator.

[0131] In some embodiments, the signal output interface and multiple sampling interfaces of the pulse generator 101 are also connected to the signal detection module through a preprocessing module. The first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface and the second discharge pulse signal output by the multiple sampling interfaces are first filtered by the preprocessing module to remove glitches before being sent to the signal detection module for signal detection.

[0132] In other embodiments, a protection circuit such as Figure 4 As shown, the protection circuit includes R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, C22, C23, C24, C25, U8D, R40, V7, V6, C26, R41, R42, Q5, R43, U9, and R54; in, Figure 4On the left is the input filtering voltage divider branch, including R32, R33, R34, R35, R36, R37, R38, R39, C22, C23, C24, and C25. R32, R33, R34, and R35 are 100Ω current-limiting protection resistors used to limit the input current and prevent overcurrent from damaging the subsequent 4082 chip. C22, C23, C24, and C25 are 0.1µF filter capacitors connected in parallel to ground (GND) to filter out high-frequency interference, spikes, and glitches from line coupling. R36, R37, R38, and R39 are 10kΩ pull-down resistors used to force the level low to GND when there is no external signal drive, ensuring that the input of the logic gate is not floating.

[0133] The U8D is a 4082 dual 4-input AND gate, which includes input pins 9, 10, 11, and 12, and output pin 13. The output is high only when all four input signals are high. If any one of the input signals goes low, the output goes low, realizing a logic judgment that is triggered only when multiple conditions are met simultaneously. Therefore, when any abnormal signal occurs in any one of the input signals, the U8D output signal will also be a low-level signal.

[0134] R40 is a 3kΩ current-limiting resistor, used in conjunction with LED V7. R40 limits the current to LED V7 to prevent it from burning out. When the output signal of U8D is high, V7 conducts and illuminates; when the output signal of U8D is low, V7 is off, indicating that an abnormal signal has been detected.

[0135] V6 is a 1N4148 reverse diode. V6 is forward-biased and transmits a high-level signal to the next stage.

[0136] R41 is a 1kΩ current-limiting resistor, used in conjunction with V6 buffer.

[0137] R42 and C26 form an RC low-pass filter to filter out high-frequency noise generated by logic transitions. At the same time, it can create a certain delay to prevent signal glitches at the moment of input from causing transistor Q5 to turn on falsely.

[0138] Q5 is an 8050 transistor. When the input is a high-level signal, the base of Q5 is turned on, and the collector potential is pulled low; when the input is a low-level signal, Q5 is turned off, and the collector potential is pulled up to +15V by R43. In other words, Q5 can convert the low-level signal output by the logic chip into a high-power switching level that can drive the optocoupler, thereby amplifying the power of the digital logic signal.

[0139] R43 is a 3kΩ pull-up resistor connected to a +15V power supply.

[0140] U9 is an optocoupler isolator, providing electrical isolation between its left and right ends. The left end is the LED, connected in series with the collector circuit of Q5. When Q5 is on, the internal LED of the optocoupler lights up; when Q5 is off, the LED is off. The right end of the optocoupler is the output of a phototransistor. When the LED is on, the phototransistor conducts, providing an enable / unlock signal to the subsequent pulse generator, allowing it to operate normally. When the LED is off, the phototransistor is off, and the pulse generator does not receive the unlock signal; therefore, it receives a lockout signal and cannot function properly. R54 is a 2.2kΩ current-limiting resistor.

[0141] In the above circuit, when all the signals to be detected input to U8D are normal, U8D outputs a high-level signal, V7 lights up, V6 conducts, Q5 conducts, the internal LED of U9 lights up, and the Trig_lock signal is valid. If any input signal is abnormal, U8D outputs a low-level signal, V7 is turned off, Q5 is cut off, the optocoupler is turned off, the Trig_lock signal is withdrawn, and the whole machine protection logic is triggered.

[0142] In the above embodiments, by setting a preset protection circuit, the signal detection module can detect overcurrent signals, overvoltage signals, overtemperature signals, and frequency abnormal signals during the discharge process of the pulse generator 101. When any abnormal signal is detected, the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit are kept in the open state for a long time by the persistent blocking signal output by the protection module, so that each level of Marx circuit 103 cannot generate discharge pulse signals. Even after the abnormal signal cannot be detected, each level of Marx circuit still controls the power switching devices of each level of Marx circuit to be in the open state, avoiding the interlocking protection failure caused by the repeated start and stop of the power switching devices 105 of each level of Marx circuit 103 in the pulse generator 101.

[0143] In other embodiments of this application, the pulse generator 101 is disposed on multiple circuit boards; each circuit board is used to carry a first-stage Marx circuit of the pulse generator 101; the multiple circuit boards are connected in series through a preset conductor, wherein the impedance value of the preset conductor is lower than an impedance threshold. The positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are connected to a preset position on the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit via a coaxial structure. Each pin of the power switching device 105 in each Marx circuit 103 is connected to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit, and the distance between each pin and the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit is lower than the distance threshold.

[0144] Specifically, in this embodiment, the multi-stage Marx circuit 103 in the pulse generator 101 adopts a modular cascaded layout, that is, multiple circuit boards are set, with each Marx circuit corresponding to one circuit board, and the multiple circuit boards are connected in series. This design allows for quick replacement of a normal circuit when a single Marx circuit fails, without affecting other Marx circuits.

[0145] Furthermore, multiple circuit boards are connected in series by a preset conductor. The preset conductor is a low-impedance conductor with an impedance value lower than the impedance threshold. The purpose is to reduce the parasitic inductance between the two connected circuit boards. The preset conductor can be a 2mm thick tin-plated copper busbar, a multilayer composite copper busbar, or other components.

[0146] To further reduce the parasitic series inductance of each Marx circuit 103, the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are connected to a predetermined position on the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit via a coaxial structure. The connection method includes, but is not limited to, threaded connection and soldering. The coaxial structure refers to a central inner cylindrical conductor serving as the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor 104, and an outer cylindrical conductor serving as the negative terminal of the energy storage capacitor 104. Both share the same central axis and are separated by an insulating medium.

[0147] Each pin of the power switching device 105 of each Marx circuit 103 is connected to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit. The connection method includes, but is not limited to, threaded connection, soldering, etc., and the distance between each pin and the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit is lower than the distance threshold, so that the total parasitic inductance of the discharge circuit is less than the inductance threshold.

[0148] In the above embodiments, each circuit board is used to carry the first-stage Marx circuit of the pulse generator 101. Multiple circuit boards are connected in series through low-impedance conductors, so that when a single Marx circuit is damaged, a normal circuit can be quickly replaced without affecting other Marx circuits. At the same time, the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor 104 in each Marx circuit 103 are connected to a preset position on the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit through a coaxial structure. Each pin of the power switching device 105 of each Marx circuit 103 is connected to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit, and the distance between each pin and the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit is lower than the distance threshold, which effectively reduces the parasitic inductance of each Marx circuit, thereby reducing the discharge spikes and electromagnetic interference during the discharge process of the pulse generator.

[0149] In other embodiments of this application, multiple circuit boards are mounted on a heat dissipation base; the heat dissipation base is divided into multiple heat dissipation areas; each circuit board corresponds one-to-one with each heat dissipation area; each heat dissipation area has a heat dissipation channel inside, which is used to reduce the temperature of the circuit board corresponding to the heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation base is also provided with a first signal interface and a second signal interface. The first signal interface is used to input a preset power signal to the pulse generator 101, and the second signal interface is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101. The preset power signal is used to charge the energy storage capacitor 104 of each stage of the Marx circuit 103.

[0150] Specifically, the three-dimensional structure in which the pulse generator is located is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, multiple circuit boards 601 are mounted on a heat sink 602, which is divided into multiple heat sink areas 603. Each circuit board 601 corresponds one-to-one with each heat sink area 603, allowing the power switching devices and reverse diodes of each stage of the Marx circuit 103 on each circuit board to be directly attached to the heat sink area. This eliminates the need for the multi-layer thermal resistance interface of traditional thermal grease and insulating pads, resulting in better heat dissipation. The junction-to-case thermal resistance of the power switching devices can be reduced to below a preset thermal resistance. In practical applications, the overall structure of the heat sink can be machined from a single piece of aluminum alloy or assembled by platinum welding, resulting in a heat sink with even better heat dissipation performance.

[0151] Furthermore, each heat dissipation area is equipped with a heat dissipation channel inside, and refrigerant or cold water can be placed in the heat dissipation channel. Therefore, the heat dissipation area actually reduces the temperature of the power switching device 105 and the reverse diode on the corresponding circuit board by means of the refrigerant or cold water in the internal heat dissipation channel.

[0152] The heat sink also integrates a first signal interface and a second signal interface. The first signal interface is used to input a preset power signal to the pulse generator 101, and the second signal interface is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 101. Furthermore, the heat sink is also equipped with coaxial connectors at the first and second signal interfaces respectively, realizing physical isolation between the power signal input and the high-voltage discharge pulse signal output, and improving the system's anti-interference capability. The first and second signal interfaces each use an independent coaxial connector, without relying on ordinary wires for parallel power supply; utilizing the natural shielding characteristics of the coaxial structure, the power signal on the input side and the first discharge pulse signal on the output side are completely isolated from each other, preventing crosstalk.

[0153] In the above embodiments, the power switching device 105 and the reverse diode are directly attached to the heat dissipation base with the built-in heat dissipation channel, which can reduce the heat generation of the power switching device 105 and the reverse diode more quickly and avoid damage to the power switching device 105 and the reverse diode due to high temperature. At the same time, the first signal interface and the second signal interface are integrated by the base to achieve isolation between signals, and realize the synergistic optimization of heat dissipation performance, electrical performance and maintainability.

[0154] To address the technical problems existing in the engineering applications of current solid-state Marx circuits, this application provides a solid-state Marx-type high-voltage pulse generator with a clear structure, well-defined implementation path, high reliability, and strong stability. Through integrated and innovative control strategies and protection mechanisms, the overall performance of the Marx generator is comprehensively improved, meeting the application requirements of high consistency, high synchronization, and high safety for high-voltage pulse generators in fields such as high-voltage testing, electromagnetic pulse sources, and pulse power systems.

[0155] In this embodiment, the control section is as follows: Figure 5 As shown: Each Marx circuit 103 is connected to the charging power supply 106 through a first resistor 108 and an isolation inductor 107; the charging power supply 106 is a DC charging power supply, and the first resistor 108 serves to limit charging current and sample current. The controller 102 uses an FPGA as the core control unit. The FPGA sends conduction signals to the drive circuits 111 of the power switching devices 105 (IGBTs) of each Marx circuit 103 through multiple photoelectric transmission channels. During the system debugging phase, the controller 102 measures the transmission delay of the photoelectric transmission channels and establishes a delay compensation parameter table; at the discharge trigger moment, the FPGA sends conduction signals to the drive circuits 111 of the IGBTs of each Marx circuit 103 through the photoelectric transmission channels according to the delay compensation parameter table, so that the IGBTs 7 of each Marx circuit 103 achieve quasi-simultaneous conduction.

[0156] During the charging phase, resistor 3 also serves as a current sampler. The sampling device 110 collects the charging current in real time through the first resistor 108 set in the charging circuit. When the charging current is detected to be lower than the set threshold for 2ms, the controller 102 determines that the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 have completed charging and are in a consistent state, allowing the energy storage capacitors 104 of each Marx circuit 103 to enter the discharge process. During the discharge phase, the controller 102 sends a turn-on signal to the drive circuit 111 of the IGBTs of each Marx circuit 103 through the photoelectric transmission channel. Using a soft-trigger control method, the turn-on times of the IGBTs 7 of each Marx circuit 103 are sequentially staggered within a 10ns time window, thereby limiting the rise rate of the output voltage of each Marx circuit 103.

[0157] Furthermore, this application also constructs a dual-layer protection system of dynamic frequency protection and hardware interlocking, comprehensively covering abnormal operating conditions: Frequency protection based on pulse density: The first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within a preset time period is input into the RC integrator network. The RC integrator circuit converts the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within the preset time period into a voltage signal. When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold, it is considered that the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal exceeds the limit, and the allowable output pulse width is gradually compressed. If the frequency of the first discharge pulse signal continues to be higher than the upper limit, the optical transmission channel that sends the conduction signal to each level of Marx circuit is disconnected.

[0158] Fault-triggered interlocking protection: Abnormal signals from overcurrent, overvoltage, overtemperature, and the aforementioned frequency protection are integrated, filtered, and de-glitched before being sent to the protection circuit. When the protection circuit detects any abnormal signal, it immediately outputs a blocking signal corresponding to the abnormal signal. This blocking signal, via optical isolation, controls the optical transmission channel sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit to disconnect. Even after the abnormal signal is no longer detected, a delayed blocking period is maintained to prevent repeated start-stop of the power switching device 105 from causing interlocking protection failure.

[0159] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional structure diagram of the pulse generator is as follows: Figure 6 As shown: the power switching device 105, multiple first reverse diodes 112, and multiple second reverse diodes 113 are directly attached to the aluminum alloy water-cooled heat sink with built-in independent microchannels, reducing its junction-to-case thermal resistance to below 0.12℃ / W; each circuit board is used to carry the first-stage Marx circuit of the pulse generator 101; multiple circuit boards are connected in series through 2mm thick tin-plated copper busbars, and the replacement time for a single stage does not exceed 10 minutes; the positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor 104 in the stage Marx circuit are connected to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit through coaxial threads; each pin of the power switching device 105 of each stage Marx circuit 103 is soldered to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit, and the distance between each pin and the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit is below the distance threshold, so that the total parasitic inductance of the charging and discharging circuit is less than 45nH; the heat sink integrates the first signal interface and the second signal interface, so that the input power signal and the output discharge pulse signal are isolated from each other, realizing the synergistic optimization of heat dissipation performance, electrical performance, and maintainability.

[0160] This embodiment demonstrates that the solid-state Marx high-voltage pulse generator 101 proposed in this application achieves a comprehensive improvement in charging consistency, trigger synchronization, heat dissipation capability, and protection reliability while ensuring output performance. It can meet the application requirements of high-reliability high-voltage pulse power supplies in fields such as high-voltage testing and electromagnetic pulse sources.

[0161] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0162] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0163] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0164] In addition, in the embodiments of this application, "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0165] The discharge control method of the pulse generator in this application embodiment can be implemented by a processor in an electronic device, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0166] To implement the method of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware composition structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device includes: The communication interface 701 enables information exchange with other devices, such as electronic devices. The processor 702 is connected to the communication interface 701 to enable information exchange with other devices and to execute the methods provided by one or more of the above-mentioned technical solutions when running a computer program. The computer program is stored in the memory 703.

[0167] Of course, in practical applications, the various components in an electronic device are coupled together through a bus system 704. It can be understood that the bus system 704 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, in... Figure 7 The general designated all buses as Bus System 704.

[0168] The memory 703 in this embodiment is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the computer device. Examples of such data include any computer program used to operate on the electronic device.

[0169] It is understood that memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); magnetic surface memory can be disk storage or magnetic tape storage. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), SyncLink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM).The memories described in the embodiments of this application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0170] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to a processor or implemented by a processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a DSP, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium, which is located in memory. The processor reads the program from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0171] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it implements the corresponding processes implemented by the electronic device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0172] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a storage medium, namely a computer storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium, such as a first memory storing a computer program, which can be executed by a processor of a computer device to complete the aforementioned method steps. The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM.

[0173] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, computer devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0174] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0175] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0176] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0177] Alternatively, if the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, electronic device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0178] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that can be executed by a processor 702 of an electronic device to perform the steps of the discharge control method for the pulse generator in this application embodiment.

[0179] It should be noted that terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0180] Furthermore, the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0181] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A discharge control method of a pulse generator, characterized by, The pulse generator includes multiple cascaded Marx circuits, each Marx circuit including at least interconnected energy storage capacitors and power switching devices; when all power switching devices in the multiple Marx circuits are in the ON state, the energy storage capacitors in the multiple Marx circuits are connected in series; the method includes: When the energy storage capacitors of each Marx circuit are fully charged, the signal transmission timing for sending the conduction signal to each Marx circuit is determined according to the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each Marx circuit; the conduction signal is used to control the power switching device of the corresponding Marx circuit to conduct. According to the signal transmission timing, the conduction signal is sent to each level of the Marx circuit in sequence, so that the power switching devices of each level of the Marx circuit are turned on within a preset time range, and the interval between the conduction of the power switching devices in two adjacent Marx circuits is the preset conduction interval; when the power switching devices in each level of the Marx circuit are all in the conducting state, the energy storage capacitors in each level of the Marx circuit are discharged in series.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of the Marx circuit and the preset conduction interval duration corresponding to each level of the Marx circuit includes: Based on the preset signal transmission delay information corresponding to each level of the Marx circuit, the initial signal transmission timing for sending the turn-on signal to each level of the Marx circuit is determined; wherein, the initial signal transmission timing refers to the signal transmission timing that enables the power switching devices of each level of the Marx circuit to conduct within a preset time range; The initial signal transmission timing is adjusted according to the preset conduction interval duration to obtain the signal transmission timing for sending conduction signals to each level of the Marx circuit.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: When all the energy storage capacitors of the Marx circuit at each stage are in a charging state, determine the charging current flowing from the preset charging power supply to the energy storage capacitors of the Marx circuit at each stage; When the charging current is lower than the current threshold within a preset time range, it is determined that the energy storage capacitors of each stage of the Marx circuit are in a fully charged state.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pulse generator is provided with a signal output interface at its output terminal. The signal output interface is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator. The signal output interface is connected to a preset frequency detection circuit. The preset frequency detection circuit is a resistor-capacitor RC integral circuit. After sequentially sending the activation signal to each level of the Marx circuit, the method further includes: When the energy storage capacitors of each level of the Marx circuit are in a discharging state, the frequency information of the first discharge pulse signal output by the signal output interface within a preset time period is converted into a voltage signal using the RC integrator circuit. When the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold, the maximum allowable pulse width of the first discharge pulse signal output by the pulse generator is adjusted, and the continuous duration for which the voltage signal is greater than the voltage threshold is recorded. When the continuous duration exceeds the duration threshold, the power switching devices controlling each stage of the Marx circuit are in the off state.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The output terminal of the pulse generator is provided with a signal output interface, which is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator. Each Marx circuit stage is equipped with a sampling interface, and each sampling interface is used to collect the second discharge pulse signal generated by the corresponding Marx circuit; the signal output interface and the multiple sampling interfaces are all connected to a preset protection circuit; the preset protection circuit includes a signal detection module and a protection module that are interconnected. After sequentially sending the activation signal to each level of the Marx circuit, the method further includes: The signal detection module outputs a level signal corresponding to the signal to be detected; the signal to be detected includes one or more of the first discharge pulse signal and multiple second discharge pulse signals; the level signal indicates whether the signal to be detected is abnormal. When the level signal is a preset level signal that matches the standard abnormal signal, the protection module outputs a blocking signal corresponding to the pulse generator. The blocking signal is used to control the power switching devices of each stage of the Marx circuit to be in the off state until a reset operation for the pulse generator is detected, and then the pulse generator is controlled to return to the preset state.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pulse generator is mounted on multiple circuit boards; each circuit board is used to carry the first-stage Marx circuit of the pulse generator; the multiple circuit boards are connected in series through a preset conductor, wherein the impedance value of the preset conductor is lower than an impedance threshold. The positive and negative terminals of the energy storage capacitor in each Marx circuit are connected to a preset position on the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit via a coaxial structure. Each pin of the power switching device in each Marx circuit is connected to the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit, and the distance between each pin and the circuit board carrying the corresponding Marx circuit is lower than a distance threshold.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The multiple circuit boards are all mounted on a heat dissipation base; the heat dissipation base is divided into multiple heat dissipation areas; each circuit board corresponds one-to-one with each heat dissipation area; each heat dissipation area has a heat dissipation channel inside, which is used to reduce the temperature of the circuit board corresponding to the heat dissipation channel. The heat dissipation base is also provided with a first signal interface and a second signal interface. The first signal interface is used to input a preset power signal to the pulse generator, and the second signal interface is used to output the first discharge pulse signal generated by the pulse generator. The preset power signal is used to charge the energy storage capacitors of each stage of the Marx circuit.

8. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device includes: Memory is used to store executable instructions or computer programs. A processor, when executing computer-executable instructions or computer programs stored in the memory, implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A computer storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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