5g base station integrated equipment cabin facilitating rapid disassembly and maintenance and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a 5G base station integrated equipment cabin convenient for rapid disassembly and assembly and a control method thereof, relates to the technical field of base station equipment cabins, and comprises an integrated equipment cabin body, a cabin-level main control unit, a top-layer hot plug backboard bus, a bus isolation protection module, multiple groups of pluggable function modules, a main trunk hot plug bus, a module-level shunt power distribution switch and a side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit; the bus isolation protection module is connected in series in the main trunk loop of the main trunk hot plug bus; and the bus isolation protection module and the cabin-level main control unit jointly constitute a two-level distributed control architecture; the application breaks the limitation that traditional equipment cabin module maintenance must be carried out with the whole cabin being powered off, and through time sequence cooperation of software orderly power-off, hardware physical disconnection and three-level protection of bus surge clamping, not only is the electrical impact of load disconnection instant reduced from the source, but also is the conductive transient electrical surge on the main trunk hot plug bus eliminated, so that voltage peak impact on the remaining normally-operating function modules is avoided, and problems such as equipment false reset and component damage are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of base station equipment compartment technology, and in particular to an integrated 5G base station equipment compartment and its control method that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of 5G new infrastructure and the large-scale deployment of networks, the number of outdoor 5G base stations is growing rapidly, widely covering various scenarios such as urban main roads, industrial parks, towns and villages. The network's requirements for the continuity, reliability and ease of operation and maintenance of base stations are constantly increasing. As an integrated carrier that carries core functions such as baseband processing, power conversion and energy storage backup, the integrated equipment cabin of outdoor 5G base stations has become the mainstream form of outdoor base station deployment.

[0003] Traditional solutions only provide surge protection on the mains side at the mains input port of the entire cabin. This is in response to transient surges generated by the hot-swappable bus of the main trunk caused by the insertion and removal of internal pluggable functional modules. If a module is forcibly inserted or removed while the power is on, the voltage spikes and surge currents generated at the moment of disconnection will be conducted along the common bus, impacting other operating modules and causing equipment reset, service interruption, or even component damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies that only provide surge protection on the mains side at the overall input port of the 5G base station. This is because, if a module is forcibly plugged in while powered on, the voltage spikes and surge currents generated at the moment of disconnection will be conducted along the common bus, impacting other operating modules, causing equipment reset, service interruption, or even component damage. The invention proposes an integrated 5G base station equipment cabin and its control method that facilitates rapid disassembly and maintenance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The 5G base station integrated equipment cabin, which facilitates quick disassembly, assembly and maintenance, includes an integrated equipment cabin body, a cabin-level main control unit, a top-level hot-swappable backplane bus, a bus isolation protection module, multiple sets of pluggable functional modules, a backbone hot-swappable bus, a module-level branch power distribution switch and a side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit. The integrated equipment cabin has a layered guide rail structure inside and cabin mounting and fixing lugs on the outside. The cabin-level main control unit is fixedly installed on the top layer of the cabin body; The main hot-swappable bus is arranged vertically along the inner wall of the cabin. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus has multiple layers, and the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus is electrically connected to the main hot-swappable bus to form a dual-channel plug-in network. The bus isolation protection module is connected in series in the main circuit of the main hot-swappable bus; The multiple sets of pluggable functional modules are plugged into the top hot-swappable backplane bus of the corresponding layer through the layered guide rails, and together with the cabin-level main control unit, they form a two-level distributed control architecture. The module-level branch power distribution switch is electrically connected to each pluggable functional module in a one-to-one correspondence. The side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit is installed on the inner side wall of the cabin and is communicatively connected to the cabin-level main control unit.

[0006] The above technical solution further includes: Specifically, both the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus and the main hot-swappable bus have built-in CAN FD signal bus and DC power bus. The CAN FD signal bus carries the communication data transmission between each module and the cabin-level main control unit.

[0007] Specifically, the multiple sets of pluggable functional modules include a baseband processing module, an energy storage battery module group, and a rectifier power supply module group; Each pluggable functional module integrates a module-level slave MCU; The module-level slave MCU is independently responsible for the status acquisition, local protection and instruction execution of its own module. It interacts with the main hot-swappable bus and the cabin-level master control unit through the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus, forming a module-level autonomous node of a two-level distributed control architecture.

[0008] A control method for a 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance is applied to the aforementioned 5G base station integrated equipment compartment. The control method includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a two-level domain control architecture: The cabin-level main control unit is the control center of the entire cabin, and the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus and the main hot-swappable bus are the connection carriers, building a two-level distributed control system of cabin-level centralized management and module-level local autonomy; Step 2, Low-voltage handshake module automatic authentication and matching: When the pluggable functional module is inserted, it first completes identity authentication and automatic parameter configuration through the low-voltage circuit, and then completes automatic registration and network access by powering on step by step. Step 3, Zone-based linkage and hierarchical security operation and maintenance: When receiving operation and maintenance instructions or identifying faults, only the target module is subjected to dual isolation of software power-off and hardware disconnection, while the other non-target modules remain powered on. Step 4: Multi-dimensional automatic verification and data closure: After the module is disassembled and assembled, it automatically completes multi-dimensional verification of electrical, functional and sealing aspects, updates operation and maintenance data and synchronizes it to the remote platform, forming a closed loop for the entire process.

[0009] Specifically, the automatic authentication and matching process of the low-voltage handshake module in step two is as follows: after the pluggable functional module is inserted into the interface, the 3.3V low-voltage handshake circuit is first connected, and the module-level slave control MCU built into the module reports the identity ID, hardware parameters and security verification code to the cabin-level master control unit. After the main control verification is passed, a unique bus address is assigned, the corresponding control parameters and alarm thresholds are matched, and then the standby power and working power of the module are turned on step by step.

[0010] Specifically, the dual isolation mentioned in step three is as follows: the cabin-level main control unit sends a software power-off command to the target module, and at the same time, the module-level branch power distribution switch of the corresponding circuit is physically disconnected; The bus isolation protection module suppresses electrical surges generated during the insertion and removal process on the main hot-swappable bus in real time.

[0011] Specifically, during operation and maintenance, the high-voltage circuit in the area where the non-target module is located remains physically locked; when the module-level slave control MCU detects an accidental touch on the non-target area, it immediately triggers an on-site audible and visual warning and simultaneously reports the alarm information to the cabin-level main control unit.

[0012] Specifically, the protective seal verification described in step four involves detecting pressure changes over a fixed period using an internal differential pressure sensor, and calculating the equivalent leakage rate of the cabin using the following formula: In the formula: The equivalent leakage rate of the cabin; The effective internal volume of the equipment compartment; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the start time; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the end of the test; To verify the duration; Standard atmospheric pressure; The calculated equivalent leakage rate is compared with the threshold corresponding to the preset protection level to determine whether the sealing performance of the module interface and the cabin meets the standard.

[0013] Specifically, after the module is registered and connected to the network, the side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit synchronously connects to the hot-swappable bus system, receives the zoned temperature control strategy issued by the cabin-level main control unit, and calculates the target heat dissipation airflow for each functional area using the following formula: In the formula: For the first Target airflow for each functional area; For the first Correction coefficient for heat dissipation structure of each functional area; For the first The total real-time operating power of each functional area; For the first Real-time ambient temperature of each functional area; The reference operating temperature set for the system; This is the maximum allowable temperature rise threshold for this area; Specifically, after all verifications are passed, the cabin-level main control unit automatically updates the equipment ledger, operation and maintenance records, and module life prediction data, and synchronizes them to the remote operation and maintenance platform.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention breaks the traditional limitation that maintenance of equipment compartment modules requires a complete power outage of the entire compartment. Through the coordinated timing of three levels of protection—software-based ordered power-off, hardware-based physical disconnection, and bus surge clamping—it reduces the electrical impact of load disconnection at the source, eliminates conducted transient surges on the main hot-swappable bus, prevents voltage spikes from impacting other normally operating functional modules, and prevents problems such as equipment reset errors and component damage. This ensures the continuous and stable operation of non-target modules and uninterrupted base station communication services, significantly shortens the maintenance time for module fault replacement and capacity expansion upgrades, and effectively improves the operational reliability and maintenance efficiency of the integrated 5G base station equipment compartment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated 5G base station equipment compartment proposed in this invention, which facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance. Figure 2 This is a hardware architecture diagram of the integrated equipment compartment in this invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the low-voltage handshake authentication power-on process of the module in this invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the closed-loop operation and maintenance process for live module replacement in this invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Integrated equipment compartment; 101. Compartment mounting bracket; 2. Compartment-level main control unit; 3. Top-level hot-swappable backplane bus; 4. Bus isolation protection module; 5. Baseband processing module; 6. Main hot-swappable bus; 7. Module-level branch power distribution switch; 8. Energy storage battery module group; 9. Rectifier power supply module group; 10. Side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention proposes an integrated 5G base station equipment cabin that is easy to quickly disassemble and maintain, including an integrated equipment cabin body 1, a cabin-level main control unit 2, a top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3, a bus isolation protection module 4, multiple sets of pluggable functional modules, a backbone hot-swappable bus 6, a module-level branch power distribution switch 7, and a side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit 10. The integrated equipment cabin 1 has a layered guide rail structure inside and a cabin mounting and fixing lug 101 on the outside; The main control unit 2 is fixedly located on the top floor of the cabin. The main hot-swappable bus 6 is arranged vertically along the inner wall of the cabin. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 has multiple layers. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 is electrically connected to the main hot-swappable bus 6 to form a dual-channel plug-in network. The bus isolation protection module 4 is connected in series in the main circuit of the main hot-swappable bus 6; Multiple pluggable functional modules are connected to the top hot-swappable backplane bus 3 of the corresponding layer via layered guide rails, forming a two-level distributed control architecture together with the cabin-level main control unit 2. The module-level branch power distribution switch 7 is electrically connected to each pluggable functional module in a one-to-one correspondence. The side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit 10 is installed on the inner side wall of the cabin and is connected to the cabin-level main control unit 2.

[0020] Furthermore, the workflow and operating logic of the 5G base station integrated equipment cabin in this embodiment, which facilitates quick disassembly, assembly, and maintenance, are as follows: Under normal operating conditions, the integrated equipment cabin 1 provides IP65-level outdoor protection and installation base for the internal components. The internal multi-layered guide rail adopts a 19-inch standard industrial guide rail structure, providing unified plug-in guidance and installation positioning for each functional module. The cabin-level main control unit 2, fixed at the top of the cabin, is responsible for the equipment management, power scheduling, temperature control and remote communication functions of the entire cabin; The main hot-swappable bus 6 serves as the common bus for the entire cabin, and is internally divided into two physical channels: a -48V DC power supply bus and a CAN FD signal bus, which are responsible for power transmission and control data interaction, respectively. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 corresponding to each guide rail is electrically connected to the main hot-swappable bus 6. Power contacts and signal contacts are arranged in layers on the backplane to form a horizontal and vertical dual-channel plug-in network. The bus isolation protection module 4, connected in series in the main trunk hot-swappable bus 6 trunk circuit, has a built-in TVS transient suppression tube and current limiting buffer circuit to stabilize the bus electrical parameters in real time and suppress transient fluctuations. Multiple sets of pluggable functional modules are plugged into the top hot-swappable backplane bus 3 of the corresponding layer along the layered guide rails. The slave control MCU built into each module independently collects the operating parameters such as voltage, current and temperature of the module, executes local protection logic, and interacts with the cabin-level main control unit 2 through the signal bus to jointly form a two-level distributed control architecture of "cabin-level centralized control - module local autonomy". The module-level branch power distribution switch 7, which corresponds to each pluggable functional module, is connected in series at the front end of the power supply branch of each module. It can be remotely controlled by the cabin-level main control unit 2 to realize the independent disconnection of the power supply circuit of a single module. The side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit 10, which is installed on the inner wall of the cabin, sets up independent air ducts for each functional area of ​​each layer, receives temperature control commands from the cabin-level main control unit 2, and adjusts the heat dissipation air volume according to the heat dissipation of the area load.

[0021] For example, when the 5G BBU baseband processing module 5 fails and needs to be replaced, the cabin-level main control unit 2 first sends a soft shutdown command to the slave control MCU built into the target module. After the control module completes the service unloading and data storage according to the process, it cuts off the internal working power supply. Then, it outputs a control signal to drive the module-level branch power distribution switch 7 of the corresponding circuit to physically disconnect, forming a dual power-off isolation of software control power-off and hardware branch disconnection. Meanwhile, the bus isolation protection module 4 clamps and absorbs the voltage spikes and surge currents generated at the moment of power failure, blocking transient electrical interference from being transmitted along the main hot-swappable bus 6 to other operating modules such as the energy storage battery module group 8 and the rectifier power supply module group 9. After the maintenance personnel open the hatch, they can directly pull out the faulty module along the layered guide rail and push the spare module into the guide rail to be plugged into the top hot-swappable backplane bus 3. During the plugging process, the module pins are first connected to the 3.3V low-voltage signal circuit. The module's built-in slave control MCU reports the module identity code, rated parameters and verification information to the cabin-level master control unit 2 through the signal bus. After the cabin-level master control unit 2 passes the verification, it controls the corresponding module-level branch power distribution switch 7 to slowly close, first connecting the module's standby power supply to complete the self-test, and then connecting the working power supply step by step to complete the automatic grid connection of the module. Throughout the replacement process, the rectifier power module group 9 continuously supplies power to the load and float charges the energy storage battery module group 8. The energy storage battery module group 8 remains in standby power mode, and all other functional modules continue to operate normally without the need to perform a full cabin power outage.

[0022] Both the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 and the main hot-swappable bus 6 have built-in CAN FD signal bus and DC power bus. The CAN FD signal bus carries the communication data transmission between each module and the cabin-level main control unit 2; The DC power bus carries the electrical energy transmission for all modules in the cabin.

[0023] Furthermore, the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 and the main hot-swappable bus 6 in this section both adopt a physically isolated dual-channel integrated cabling structure, with two independent transmission paths, namely the CAN FD signal bus and the DC power supply bus, which are electrically isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other. The CAN FD signal bus is a low-voltage signal transmission link that uses the CAN FD communication protocol. It carries real-time communication data transmission between the built-in slave MCU of each module and the cabin-level master control unit 2, including module identification, operation status acquisition, control command issuance, and fault alarm reporting. It features high real-time performance and high anti-interference capabilities. The DC power bus is a power transmission link that carries the transmission of -48V DC working power, providing working power for all pluggable functional modules in the cabin. For example, during the insertion and network access process of the 5G BBU baseband processing module, the CAN FD signal bus link is first connected when the module is inserted. The module reports its identity code, rated parameters and verification information to the cabin-level main control unit 2 through the signal bus to complete identity authentication and configuration matching. After the main control unit confirms that the module is legitimate and compatible, it controls the DC power bus to connect the standby power and working power of the module step by step. During operation, the DC power bus continuously and stably transmits power, while the CAN FD signal bus synchronously exchanges real-time operating data and control commands. The two links transmit independently, which can avoid power fluctuations from interfering with communication signals and ensure the stability of the hot-plugging process and the reliability of operating data transmission.

[0024] Multiple sets of pluggable functional modules include baseband processing module 5, energy storage battery module group 8, rectifier power supply module group 9; Each pluggable functional module integrates a module-level slave MCU; The module-level slave MCU is independently responsible for the status acquisition, local protection and instruction execution of its own module. It interacts with the main hot-swappable bus 6 and the cabin-level master control unit 2 through the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3, forming a module-level autonomous node in a two-level distributed control architecture.

[0025] Furthermore, the multiple pluggable functional modules in this section cover three core functional units: communication services, energy storage backup power, and rectifier power supply. These are the baseband processing module 5, the energy storage battery module group 8, and the rectifier power supply module group 9. All three types of modules adopt a standardized pluggable structure and integrate independent module-level slave MCUs, serving as the underlying autonomous nodes of a two-level distributed control architecture. Each module-level slave MCU independently collects the core operating parameters of its module. Specifically, the slave MCU of the baseband processing module collects parameters such as service throughput, baseband chip temperature, operating current, and port link status; the slave MCU of the energy storage battery module group collects parameters such as individual cell voltage, charging and discharging current, battery pack temperature, and remaining capacity; and the slave MCU of the rectifier power supply module group collects parameters such as AC input voltage, DC output power, rectifier temperature, and harmonic parameters. Meanwhile, each slave MCU interacts periodically with the cabin-level master control unit 2 through the CAN FD signal link in the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 and the main hot-swappable bus 6, reporting the operating status and alarm information of its module, and receiving the operating strategies, parameter configurations and control commands issued by the cabin-level master control unit. This ultimately forms a two-level distributed control architecture in which the cabin-level master control coordinates and schedules the system while the module-level slave controls operate autonomously.

[0026] For example, when a short-term voltage drop occurs in the external AC power input, the slave MCU built into the rectifier power module group 9 first detects the abnormal input voltage, autonomously triggers the input current limiting protection logic, and simultaneously reports a voltage drop alarm to the cabin-level master control unit 2 via the signal bus. After receiving the alarm, the cabin-level master control unit sends a discharge and recharge command to the slave MCU of the energy storage battery module group 8. After receiving the command, the energy storage battery slave MCU autonomously controls the battery pack to switch to discharge mode, adjusts the output voltage to match the DC bus smoothly, and continuously supplies power to the baseband processing module 5. Throughout the process, each module's slave MCU autonomously performs local protection and mode switching, with strategy coordination and state synchronization only through the cabin-level master control unit. The state adjustment of a single module will not affect the independent operation of other modules. When a single module is plugged in or replaced, only the corresponding module's slave MCU needs to complete the identity verification and state handover, while the other modules can maintain normal operation.

[0027] A control method for a 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly and maintenance is provided. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a two-level domain control architecture: The cabin-level main control unit 2 serves as the control center for the entire cabin, while the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 and the main hot-swappable bus 6 serve as the connection carriers, thus building a two-level distributed control system of cabin-level centralized management and module-level local autonomy. Step 2, Low-voltage handshake module automatic authentication and matching: When a pluggable functional module is inserted, it first completes identity authentication and automatic parameter configuration through the low-voltage circuit, and then completes automatic registration and network access by powering on each level. Step 3, Zone-based linkage and hierarchical security operation and maintenance: When receiving operation and maintenance instructions or identifying faults, only the target module is subjected to dual isolation of software power-off and hardware disconnection, while the other non-target modules remain powered on. Step 4: Multi-dimensional automatic verification and data closure: After the module is disassembled and assembled, it automatically completes multi-dimensional verification of electrical, functional and sealing aspects, updates operation and maintenance data and synchronizes it to the remote platform, forming a closed loop for the entire process.

[0028] Furthermore, the control method in this section relies on the two-level distributed hardware architecture of the aforementioned integrated equipment cabin. It realizes hot-swappable operation and maintenance of single modules and closed-loop management of the whole process in four steps. The specific operation logic is as follows: Step 1 is to build a domain-based two-level control architecture. The cabin-level main control unit 2 serves as the control center of the whole cabin, coordinating the power scheduling, status monitoring and operation and maintenance management of the whole cabin. Each pluggable functional module acts as a local autonomous node to independently perform local data acquisition and protection. The two are linked through the dual-channel link of the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3 and the main hot-swappable bus 6 to realize the interaction of command issuance and status reporting, thus building a domain-based two-level control system with centralized control at the cabin level and local autonomy at the module level. Step 2: Low-voltage handshake module automatic authentication and matching stage. When the pluggable functional module is inserted into the docking backplane bus along the guide rail, the low-voltage signal circuit is connected first instead of the main power circuit. The module reports its own identity code, rated parameters, firmware version and other information through the low-voltage signal link. After the cabin-level main control unit completes the identity legality verification and operation parameter matching configuration, it controls the corresponding power supply circuit to connect the standby power and working power step by step to complete the automatic registration of the module into the network and avoid the electrical shock caused by live plugging. In the third step of the hierarchical safety operation and maintenance phase, when an operation and maintenance replacement instruction is received or a module fault is identified, a software power-off instruction is first issued to the target module. The control module completes the business unloading and internal soft shutdown according to the process, and then drives the corresponding module-level branch power distribution switch to physically disconnect the power supply circuit, forming a dual power-off isolation of software control and hardware disconnection. At the same time, the bus isolation protection module clamps and suppresses the transient power surge generated by plugging and unplugging. Throughout the process, the remaining non-target modules maintain normal power-on operation and do not need to perform a whole-cabin shutdown operation. Step 4: Multi-dimensional automatic verification and data closure stage. After the module is plugged in, the system automatically performs multi-dimensional verification, including electrical parameter verification, functional link testing, and cabin sealing performance testing. After all verifications are passed, the local equipment ledger and module operation records are updated, and the operation and maintenance data is synchronized to the remote operation and maintenance platform, forming a closed loop of the entire process from operation and maintenance triggering to completion and archiving. Taking the baseband processing module failure replacement scenario as an example, the complete execution flow of the entire method is as follows: Through the two-level control system established in step one, after the cabin-level main control unit detects the baseband processing module's failure alarm in real time, it enters step three. First, a software power-off command is issued to the target baseband module. After the module's built-in slave control MCU completes the service migration and soft shutdown, the cabin-level main control drives the corresponding branch power distribution switch to physically disconnect the power supply. The bus isolation protection module simultaneously suppresses the power-off transient surge. After the maintenance personnel remove the faulty module, they insert the backup module, and then enter step two. The backup module first completes identity authentication and parameter configuration with the cabin-level main control through the low-voltage signal circuit, and then completes registration and network access by powering on level by level. Then, it enters step four. The system automatically verifies the module's input voltage, operating current and other electrical parameters, verifies the baseband service link connectivity and throughput indicators, and verifies the cabin sealing performance by calculating the leakage rate through cabin differential pressure detection. After all verifications are qualified, the module serial number, runtime and other information in the equipment ledger are updated, and the maintenance record of this replacement is simultaneously uploaded to the remote maintenance platform to complete the closed-loop management of the entire maintenance process.

[0029] The specific process of automatic authentication and matching of the low-voltage handshake module in step two is as follows: After the pluggable functional module is inserted into the interface, the 3.3V low-voltage handshake circuit is first connected, and the module-level slave control MCU built into the module reports the identity ID, hardware parameters and security verification code to the cabin-level master control unit 2. After the main control verification is passed, a unique bus address is assigned, the corresponding control parameters and alarm thresholds are matched, and then the standby power and working power of the module are turned on step by step.

[0030] Furthermore, the low-voltage handshake module automatic authentication and matching in this section adopts the plugging logic of "low voltage first conduction, authentication followed by power-on, and step-by-step stable access". The 3.3V low-voltage handshake circuit is a signal-level power supply circuit independent of the main DC power bus. The corresponding plugging pin adopts a long contact design and conducts before the main power pin during plugging. The specific process is as follows: when the pluggable functional module is inserted into the interface along the guide rail, the 3.3V low-voltage handshake circuit is connected first, which only supplies power to the module-level slave MCU built into the module. The module's main power circuit remains disconnected. After the slave MCU is powered on and started, it reports the module's unique ID, rated voltage, rated power, rated capacity and other hardware parameters, as well as the factory-preset security verification code, to the cabin-level main control unit 2 through the CAN FD signal bus. After receiving the data, the cabin-level main control unit sequentially verifies whether the module type matches the slot function, whether the security check code is valid, and whether the hardware parameters are compatible with the bus specifications. After the verification is passed, a unique bus communication address is assigned to the module. At the same time, the control parameters and multi-level alarm thresholds of the corresponding slot are matched. The control parameters specifically include the power-on soft start time, the rated operating current limit value, and the standby wake-up voltage threshold. The alarm thresholds are divided into two levels: the first-level warning threshold and the second-level protection threshold. Each level covers four core protection thresholds: overvoltage threshold, undervoltage threshold, overcurrent threshold, and overtemperature threshold. After parameter matching is completed, the cabin-level main control unit controls the corresponding module-level branch power distribution switch to first turn on the module's standby power supply. After the module completes its internal circuit self-test and sends back a normal signal, the main working power supply is then turned on, completing the module's automatic registration and network access.

[0031] For example, when the energy storage battery module group 8 is inserted into the spare slot, the 3.3V low voltage pin will make contact and conduct first during the insertion process. The built-in slave MCU of the module will be powered first, without starting the main power circuit of the cell. The slave MCU will report hardware parameters such as the energy storage module ID, 48V rated voltage, 100Ah rated capacity, 300A maximum discharge current and factory safety verification code to the main control unit of the compartment. After verifying that the module is a compatible energy storage module and that its parameters match the bus specifications, the cabin-level main control unit assigns it a dedicated bus address and matches the corresponding control parameters and alarm thresholds. The control parameters are matched as follows: 200ms power-on soft start time, 150A charging current limit, 300A discharging current limit, and 42V standby wake-up voltage threshold; the alarm thresholds are as follows: the first-level warning thresholds are 56V overvoltage warning, 43V undervoltage warning, 165A charging overcurrent warning, 330A discharging overcurrent warning, and 55℃ overtemperature warning; the second-level protection thresholds are 58V overvoltage protection, 40V undervoltage protection, 180A charging overcurrent protection, 360A discharging overcurrent protection, and 60℃ overtemperature protection. Subsequently, the main control unit of the cabin controls the corresponding branch switch to first turn on the module BMS standby power supply. After the module completes the cell voltage inspection, protection logic self-test and feedback that it is normal, the main control unit then controls the main power circuit to be turned on, and the module is officially connected to the DC bus and enters the floating charge standby power state. This process avoids the impact surge caused by the direct connection of the main power supply during blind insertion through low-voltage pilot authentication, and also prevents incompatible modules from being mistakenly connected and damaging the system. The step-by-step power-on and matching multi-level thresholds reduce the disturbance to the bus voltage at the moment of connection, and at the same time provide the execution basis for graded protection for the subsequent operation of the module.

[0032] In step three, the dual isolation specifically involves the following steps: the cabin-level main control unit 2 sends a software power-off command to the target module, and at the same time, the module-level branch power distribution switch 7 of the corresponding circuit is physically disconnected. The bus isolation protection module 4 suppresses the electrical surges generated during the insertion and removal process on the main hot-swappable bus 6 in real time.

[0033] During operation and maintenance, the high-voltage circuit in the area where the non-target module is located remains physically locked; when the module-level slave control MCU detects an accidental touch on the non-target area, it immediately triggers an on-site audible and visual warning and simultaneously reports the alarm information to the cabin-level main control unit 2.

[0034] Furthermore, the hierarchical safety operation and maintenance mechanism of this section adopts a multi-layer protection logic of "module-level dual power-off isolation + main bus surge suppression + high voltage lockout in non-target areas + active early warning for accidental touch". The specific parameters and operating logic of each link are as follows: Dual isolation adopts a redundant design of software command power-off and hardware physical disconnection. Software power-off is an orderly shutdown control. After the cabin-level main control unit 2 sends a power-off command to the target module's built-in slave control MCU, the module completes soft shutdown in the order of service offloading, load derating, and internal power disconnection. Hardware disconnection is the module-level branch distribution switch 7 connected in series at the front end of each module's power supply branch to perform physical circuit disconnection. The two together constitute two-level power-off protection to avoid the risk of liveness caused by the failure of a single device. The bus isolation protection module 4 has a built-in high-power TVS transient suppression device and surge absorption circuit, which can clamp the transient voltage spikes generated during insertion and removal to within the safe threshold, absorb surge energy, and block the conduction of electrical surges along the main hot-swappable bus 6 to other modules. The high-voltage circuits in non-target module areas remain physically locked, meaning that during operation and maintenance, only the power supply branch of the target module is allowed to be disconnected, while all other branch power distribution switches of non-target modules are in a controlled locked state, and the power supply circuits remain continuous to maintain normal operation. Each module slot is equipped with a contact-type slot detection sensor, and the module-level slave MCU detects the slot status in real time. When a mis-touch action is detected in a non-target area, the module's on-site audible and visual alarm is immediately triggered, and the alarm information is simultaneously reported to the cabin-level main control unit.

[0035] For example, when performing maintenance and replacement of baseband processing module 5, after receiving the replacement instruction, the cabin-level main control unit 2 sends a software power-off instruction to the slave MCU of the target baseband processing module within 100ms. The slave MCU completes the orderly soft shutdown of service port unloading, baseband chip frequency reduction, and internal core power supply within 200ms according to the process. At the same time, the cabin-level main control unit outputs control signals to drive the module-level branch power distribution switch 7 of the corresponding branch to act. The branch switch physically disconnects the 48V DC power supply circuit of the module within 50ms, forming a dual power-off protection of orderly software power-off and physical hardware isolation. Meanwhile, the transient voltage spike generated on the main hot-swappable bus 6 due to power failure is suppressed in real time by the bus isolation protection module 4. The built-in TVS device clamps the 115V spike voltage generated at the moment of disconnection to within the 58V safety threshold. The single-pulse surge energy absorption capacity reaches 180J, blocking the surge from being conducted along the main bus to non-target modules such as energy storage battery module group 8 and rectifier power supply module group 9.

[0036] During operation and maintenance, all power supply branches of non-target modules are in a controlled locked state. The cabin-level main control unit locks the operating permissions of the other branch power distribution switches, and the high-voltage power supply circuit of non-target modules remains conducting to maintain normal operation. At the same time, the detection sensors of each module slot are activated. When maintenance personnel accidentally touch the plug-in lock of an adjacent energy storage battery module group, the slave control MCU of the energy storage module detects the abnormal touch through the slot sensor and immediately triggers the on-site audible and visual alarm of this module. The buzzer outputs an 85dB@1m warning sound, the red status indicator flashes at a frequency of 2Hz, and the accidental touch alarm information is simultaneously reported to the cabin-level main control unit 2 via the signal bus within 10ms, reminding maintenance personnel to pay attention to the operating boundaries and avoid accidentally unplugging the operating live module.

[0037] In step four, the protective seal verification involves detecting pressure changes over a fixed period using an internal differential pressure sensor, and calculating the equivalent leakage rate of the cabin using the following formula: In the formula: The equivalent leakage rate of the cabin; The effective internal volume of the equipment compartment; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the start time; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the end of the test; To verify the duration; Standard atmospheric pressure; The calculated equivalent leakage rate is compared with the threshold corresponding to the preset protection level to determine whether the sealing performance of the module interface and the cabin meets the standard.

[0038] Furthermore, after the module is disassembled and the hatch is closed, the main control unit first controls the in-cabin air supply unit to fill the cabin with clean, dry compressed air. Once the cabin pressure stabilizes to the set value, a timer begins. High-precision differential pressure sensors deployed within the cabin collect absolute cabin pressure data in real time over a fixed period. After the verification period ends, the equivalent leakage rate formula is used to calculate the value, which is then compared with the threshold corresponding to the preset protection level. The system automatically outputs a result indicating that the sealing performance meets the standard. The physical meaning and typical engineering values ​​of each parameter in the formula are as follows: The equivalent leakage rate of the cabin, in units of , is the core indicator for measuring the overall sealing performance of the cabin; V is the effective internal volume of the equipment cabin, and for a typical 19-inch standard rack-mount 5G integrated equipment cabin, the value is . ; To verify the absolute pressure inside the cabin at the start time, the pressure is typically increased to slightly above the standard atmospheric pressure, with a typical value being [value missing]. ; The absolute pressure inside the chamber at the end of the verification is collected in real time by an internal differential pressure sensor with an accuracy of ±10Pa; t is the verification duration, which is typically set to 300s to balance detection accuracy and verification efficiency. The standard atmospheric pressure is taken as 101325 Pa, the standard value at sea level. The preset protection level threshold is determined according to the design protection level of the equipment compartment. The equivalent leakage rate threshold corresponding to the IP65 outdoor protection level is usually set as follows: .

[0039] For example, after the baseband processing module is replaced and the hatch is locked, the cabin main control unit automatically starts the protection and sealing verification procedure: first, dry air is introduced into the cabin until the air pressure stabilizes, and the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the start of the verification is recorded. A 300-second countdown was initiated for verification, during which the cabin pressure was continuously monitored. The absolute cabin pressure was collected at the end of 300 seconds. Substituting the parameters into the formula, we get: The calculated value is less than the value corresponding to the IP65 protection level. The system automatically determines that the sealing performance of the cabin and module interface after the module disassembly and reassembly meets the standard and can be put into normal outdoor operation. If the calculated value exceeds the threshold, a sealing failure alarm is triggered, prompting maintenance personnel to check sealing components such as the door sealing strip and module interface sealing ring. After eliminating the leakage point, the system will re-verify to ensure that the cabin protection performance meets the requirements for outdoor operation.

[0040] After the module is registered and connected to the network, the side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit 10 is simultaneously connected to the hot-swappable bus system, receives the zoned temperature control strategy issued by the cabin-level main control unit 2, and calculates the target heat dissipation airflow for each functional area according to the following formula: In the formula: For the first Target airflow for each functional area; For the first Correction coefficient for heat dissipation structure of each functional area; For the first The total real-time operating power of each functional area; For the first Real-time ambient temperature of each functional area; The reference operating temperature set for the system; This is the maximum allowable temperature rise threshold for this area; Furthermore, the zoned intelligent heat dissipation control in this section is executed after the module is registered and stably running on the network. The side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit 10 is synchronously connected to the control link through the hot-swappable bus system, receiving the zoned temperature control strategy issued by the cabin-level main control unit 2. Based on the real-time load and temperature data of each functional area, it dynamically calculates the air volume requirement of each area through the target heat dissipation air volume formula, and adjusts the fan speed and operating mode accordingly to achieve precise heat dissipation matched to the load of each area, avoiding the energy consumption redundancy caused by uniform heat dissipation throughout the cabin; the physical meaning and typical engineering values ​​of each parameter in the formula are as follows: The target cooling airflow for the i-th functional area, in units of This is the target for controlling the output air volume of the fans in the corresponding area; is the heat dissipation structure correction coefficient for the i-th functional area. It is dimensionless and determined by the area's airflow resistance, module heat dissipation structure, and installation density. The typical value is 1.25 for the baseband processing area with dense components and high airflow resistance, 0.9 for the energy storage battery area with smooth airflow, and 1.1 for the rectifier power supply area. The real-time total operating power of the i-th functional area, in W, is obtained by real-time reporting and summarization of the slave MCUs of each module in this area; The real-time ambient temperature of the i-th functional area is in °C and is collected by a temperature sensor with an accuracy of ±0.5 °C built into the area. The reference operating temperature set for the system, in °C, is typically set to 25 °C for 5G base station equipment; This is the maximum allowable temperature rise threshold for the region, expressed in °C. It represents the maximum allowable difference between the ambient temperature and the reference temperature. The upper limit of the temperature resistance of devices in the baseband processing area is typically 20 °C, while the temperature-sensitive energy storage battery area is typically 15 °C, and the rectifier power supply area is typically 18 °C.

[0041] For example, at a certain operating moment, the real-time total operating power of the baseband processing area inside the cabin... Real-time ambient temperature =33℃, heat dissipation structure correction factor =1.25, maximum temperature rise threshold =20℃\); Total real-time operating power of the energy storage battery area =200W, real-time ambient temperature =30℃, =0.9, =15℃; Real-time total power of rectifier power supply area =500W, real-time ambient temperature =32℃, =1.1, =18℃, reference operating temperature =25℃; Substituting into the formula, the target air volume for the baseband processing area can be obtained. Target air volume for energy storage battery area Target air volume in rectifier power supply area ; After the cabin-level main control unit sends the target air volume of each area to the side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit, the heat dissipation unit adjusts the fan speed of each independent air duct accordingly. The fan in the high-load baseband area increases the speed to output the corresponding air volume, while the fan in the low-load energy storage area maintains low speed operation. When the power of the area changes due to module plugging and unplugging, the system recalculates the target air volume in real time and adjusts it dynamically, so as to reduce heat dissipation energy consumption and operating noise while ensuring the heat dissipation needs of each area.

[0042] After all verifications are passed, the cabin-level main control unit 2 automatically updates the equipment ledger, operation and maintenance records and module life prediction data, and synchronizes them to the remote operation and maintenance platform.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figures 1-4 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment is applied to an integrated outdoor 5G base station equipment cabin deployed along urban roads. The equipment cabin adopts a 19-inch standard rack structure with an effective internal volume of 1.0m³ and an IP65 protection rating. It has three layers of layered guide rails inside, from top to bottom, to connect the baseband processing module 5, the rectifier power supply module group 9, and the energy storage battery module group 8. The top layer of the cabin has a fixed cabin-level main control unit 2, and the side walls are vertically arranged with a main hot-swappable bus 6. Each guide rail has a corresponding top-level hot-swappable backplane bus 3. Both of these integrate a CANFD signal bus and a -48V DC power supply bus, forming a horizontal and vertical dual-channel plug-in network. The main hot-swappable bus trunk circuit is connected in series with a bus isolation protection module 4. Each module power supply branch is equipped with a corresponding module-level branch power distribution switch 7. The inner side walls of the cabin have independent air ducts and side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation units 10 for the three functional areas.

[0045] Under normal operating conditions, the rectifier power supply module is connected to 220V AC mains power and outputs -48V DC to power the entire cabin load. The energy storage battery module is in floating charging standby mode. The baseband processing module handles the service processing of three 5G cells. The cabin-level main control unit coordinates the power scheduling and status monitoring of the entire cabin. Each module has a built-in slave MCU that independently collects the operating parameters of its own module and executes local protection. The two interact in real time through the CANFD bus, forming a two-level distributed control architecture.

[0046] When a rectifier power supply module experiences an excessive output ripple fault due to component aging, the module's built-in slave MCU first detects that the output voltage ripple exceeds the first-level warning threshold and autonomously activates local current limiting protection. Simultaneously, it reports the fault code and operating parameters to the cabin-level master control unit via the CANFD signal bus. Upon receiving the alarm, the cabin-level master control unit confirms the module's fault and insufficient redundancy capacity, generates a maintenance replacement instruction, and synchronizes it to the remote maintenance platform. Once maintenance personnel arrive with a spare rectifier module, the live replacement process can be initiated without powering down the entire cabin: the cabin-level master control unit executes tiered isolation control, first issuing a software power-off instruction to the slave MCU of the faulty rectifier module. The slave MCU completes an orderly soft shutdown within 250ms, including load transfer, DC output disconnection, and AC input soft shutdown. Simultaneously, the cabin-level master control unit outputs control signals to drive the corresponding branch's module-level branch power distribution switch, which operates within 60ms. The AC / DC power supply circuit of the module is physically disconnected, forming a dual power-off protection of orderly software power-off and physical hardware isolation. At the same time, the TVS transient suppression device built into the bus isolation protection module clamps the 120V voltage spike generated at the moment of power failure to within the 58V safety threshold, absorbs the surge energy of 160J of a single pulse, and blocks the conduction of the surge along the main bus to the baseband processing module and the energy storage battery module group. During operation and maintenance, the branch power distribution switches of the baseband area and the energy storage area are in the control lock state, the power supply circuit is continuously conducting, and the corresponding modules maintain normal operation. When the operation and maintenance personnel accidentally touch the slot lock of the adjacent energy storage battery module, the energy storage module slave control MCU detects the abnormal action through the slot contact sensor, immediately triggers an 82dB@1m buzzer alarm and a 2Hz red indicator light flashing, and reports the accidental touch alarm to the cabin-level main control unit within 15ms to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to operate in accordance with regulations.

[0047] After the maintenance personnel unplugged the faulty rectifier module along the layered guide rails, they pushed the spare rectifier power supply module with a rated power of 3000W into the corresponding guide rail and plugged it into the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus. During the plugging process, the 3.3V low-voltage handshake pin, which uses a long contact design, was connected first, providing power only to the module's built-in slave MCU, while the main power circuit remained disconnected. After the slave MCU was powered on, it reported the module's unique identification ID, rated input 220VAC, rated output -48VDC, rated current 62.5A, and other hardware parameters, as well as the factory safety check code, to the cabin-level main control unit via the CANFD signal bus. The cabin-level main control unit then sequentially verified the module type and slot function matching, the validity of the safety check code, and the electrical parameters. After the busbar specifications are matched, a unique bus communication address is assigned to the module, and corresponding control parameters and multi-level alarm thresholds are matched: the control parameters are a 300ms power-on soft start time and a 62.5A rated output current limit; the first-level warning thresholds are overvoltage 56V, undervoltage 43V, output overcurrent 68A, and overtemperature 65℃; the second-level protection thresholds are overvoltage 58V, undervoltage 40V, output overcurrent 75A, and overtemperature 70℃. After the parameters are configured, the cabin-level main control unit controls the corresponding branch power distribution switch to first turn on the module's standby power supply. After the module completes internal circuit self-test, protection logic verification, and feedback of normal signals, the main power circuit is then turned on step by step. The module automatically completes registration and network access, and switches into the power supply circuit to bear the load.

[0048] After the module connection is stable, the system automatically initiates a multi-dimensional verification process: First, electrical parameter verification is completed, checking that the module output voltage is stable within the range of -48V±0.5V and the output current ripple is ≤200mV, thus determining that the electrical performance meets the standards; then, functional verification is completed, verifying that the module's current sharing function and AC / DC switching function are normal; finally, protection and sealing verification is performed, with the cabin-level main control unit controlling the cabin air pressure to stabilize to the initial absolute pressure. Initiate a 300-second timer for verification. At the end of the verification, collect the absolute air pressure inside the cabin. Substituting into the equivalent leakage rate formula, we can calculate... Approaching the IP65 protection level The threshold was reached, triggering a minor leak alert. Maintenance personnel inspected and tightened the hatch latches before recalibrating. The leak was measured. The leakage rate was calculated. If the value is below the threshold, the sealing performance is deemed to meet the standard.

[0049] After the sealing test is passed, the side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit is synchronously connected to the bus, receives the zoned temperature control strategy issued by the cabin-level main control unit, collects the operating parameters of each zone in real time, and calculates the target heat dissipation airflow: reference operating temperature Set to 25℃, real-time total power of the baseband processing area Real-time temperature =34℃, heat dissipation structure correction factor Maximum temperature rise threshold =20℃, calculate the target air volume Total real-time operating power of the rectifier power supply area Real-time temperature =36℃, heat dissipation structure correction factor Maximum temperature rise threshold =18℃, calculated target air volume Total real-time operating power of the energy storage battery area Real-time temperature =29℃, heat dissipation structure correction factor Maximum temperature rise threshold =15℃, calculate the target air volume ; The heat dissipation unit adjusts the fan speed of each air duct according to the calculation results. The fan in the high-load rectifier area is increased to the corresponding speed to meet the heat dissipation requirements, while the low-load energy storage area maintains low speed operation to achieve precise temperature control in each zone.

[0050] After all verifications are completed, the cabin-level main control unit automatically updates the equipment ledger, records the serial number, installation time, and rated parameters of the new module, updates the module's runtime and lifespan prediction data, and synchronizes all maintenance data, including fault alarms, replacement process, and verification results, to the remote maintenance platform, forming a closed-loop process from fault triggering and live replacement to verification archiving. The entire replacement process takes about 8 minutes, during which the baseband processing module's services are uninterrupted, and the energy storage battery module remains in standby power throughout the process, without requiring the entire cabin to be shut down, thus achieving rapid live maintenance of 5G base station equipment.

[0051] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A 5G base station integrated equipment cabin facilitating rapid disassembly and assembly for operation and maintenance, characterized in that, It includes an integrated equipment compartment (1), a compartment-level main control unit (2), a top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3), a bus isolation protection module (4), multiple sets of pluggable functional modules, a main hot-swappable bus (6), a module-level branch power distribution switch (7), and a side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit (10). The integrated equipment cabin (1) has a layered guide rail structure inside and a cabin mounting and fixing lug (101) on the outside. The cabin-level main control unit (2) is fixedly installed on the top layer of the cabin body; The main hot-swappable bus (6) is arranged vertically along the inner wall of the cabin. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3) is provided with multiple layers. The top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3) is electrically connected to the main hot-swappable bus (6) to form a dual-channel plug-in network. The bus isolation protection module (4) is connected in series in the main circuit of the main hot-swappable bus (6); The multiple sets of pluggable functional modules are plugged into the top hot-swappable backplane bus (3) of the corresponding layer through the layered guide rail, and together with the cabin-level main control unit (2), they form a two-level distributed control architecture. The module-level branch circuit breaker (7) is electrically connected to each pluggable functional module in a one-to-one correspondence. The side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit (10) is installed on the inner side wall of the cabin and is communicatively connected to the cabin-level main control unit (2).

2. The 5G base station integrated equipment cabin convenient for quick assembly and disassembly of operation and maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3) and the main hot-swappable bus (6) have built-in CAN FD signal bus and DC power bus; The CAN FD signal bus carries the communication data transmission between each module and the cabin-level main control unit (2).

3. The 5G base station integrated equipment cabin convenient for quick assembly and disassembly of operation and maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple sets of pluggable functional modules include a baseband processing module (5), an energy storage battery module group (8), and a rectifier power supply module group (9). Each pluggable functional module integrates a module-level slave MCU; The module-level slave MCU is independently responsible for the status acquisition, local protection and instruction execution of its own module. It interacts with the main hot-swappable bus (6) and the cabin-level master control unit (2) through the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3) to form a module-level autonomous node of a two-level distributed control architecture.

4. A control method for an integrated 5G base station equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance, characterized in that... The control method, applied to the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment described in claims 1 to 3, which facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance, includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a two-level domain control architecture: The cabin-level main control unit (2) is the control center of the entire cabin, and the top-level hot-swappable backplane bus (3) and the main hot-swappable bus (6) are the connection carriers to build a two-level distributed control system of cabin-level centralized management and module-level local autonomy. Step 2, Low-voltage handshake module automatic authentication and matching: When the pluggable functional module is inserted, it first completes identity authentication and automatic parameter configuration through the low-voltage circuit, and then completes automatic registration and network access by powering on step by step. Step 3, Zone-based linkage and hierarchical security operation and maintenance: When receiving operation and maintenance instructions or identifying faults, only the target module is subjected to dual isolation of software power-off and hardware disconnection, while the other non-target modules remain powered on. Step 4: Multi-dimensional automatic verification and data closure: After the module is disassembled and assembled, it automatically completes multi-dimensional verification of electrical, functional and sealing aspects, updates operation and maintenance data and synchronizes it to the remote platform, forming a closed loop for the entire process.

5. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly and maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The specific process of automatic authentication and matching of the low-voltage handshake module in step two is as follows: After the pluggable functional module is inserted into the interface, the 3.3V low-voltage handshake circuit is first connected, and the module-level slave control MCU built into the module reports the identity ID, hardware parameters and security verification code to the cabin-level master control unit (2). After the main control verification is passed, a unique bus address is assigned, the corresponding control parameters and alarm thresholds are matched, and then the standby power and working power of the module are turned on step by step.

6. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dual isolation in step three specifically means that the cabin-level main control unit (2) sends a software power-off command to the target module, and at the same time, the module-level branch power distribution switch (7) of the corresponding circuit is physically disconnected. The bus isolation protection module (4) suppresses the electrical surge generated during the insertion and removal process on the main hot-swappable bus (6) in real time.

7. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly and maintenance according to claim 6, characterized in that, During operation and maintenance, the high-voltage circuit in the area where the non-target module is located remains physically locked; when the module-level slave control MCU detects an accidental touch on the non-target area, it immediately triggers an on-site audible and visual warning and simultaneously reports the alarm information to the cabin-level master control unit (2).

8. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective seal verification described in step four involves detecting pressure changes over a fixed period using an internal differential pressure sensor, and calculating the equivalent leakage rate of the cabin using the following formula: In the formula: The equivalent leakage rate of the cabin; The effective internal volume of the equipment compartment; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the start time; To verify the absolute air pressure inside the cabin at the end of the test; To verify the duration; Standard atmospheric pressure; The calculated equivalent leakage rate is compared with the threshold corresponding to the preset protection level to determine whether the sealing performance of the module interface and the cabin meets the standard.

9. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly, assembly, and maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that, After the module is registered and connected to the network, the side-mounted intelligent heat dissipation unit (10) is synchronously connected to the hot-swappable bus system, receives the zoned temperature control strategy issued by the cabin-level main control unit (2), and calculates the target heat dissipation airflow for each functional area according to the following formula: In the formula: For the first Target airflow for each functional area; For the first Correction coefficient for heat dissipation structure of each functional area; For the first The total real-time operating power of each functional area; For the first Real-time ambient temperature of each functional area; The reference operating temperature set for the system; This is the maximum allowable temperature rise threshold for this region.

10. The control method for the 5G base station integrated equipment compartment that facilitates rapid disassembly and maintenance according to claim 4, characterized in that, After all verifications are passed, the cabin-level main control unit (2) automatically updates the equipment ledger, operation and maintenance records and module life prediction data, and synchronizes them to the remote operation and maintenance platform.

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