A workbench for manual soldering of PCBA

Abstract

The application discloses a workbench for manual welding of PCBA and relates to the technical field of PCBA welding.The workbench is used to solve the problems of disconnection between preheating and welding operation, uneven temperature field and poor positioning accuracy in the prior art.The workbench comprises a preheating box body, a PCBA placing panel is detachably installed on the upper surface of the preheating box body, a preheating air port is arranged in the middle of the PCBA placing panel, PCBA placing supports are arranged on the two sides of the preheating air port, and the preheating box body and the PCBA placing panel are positioned and connected through a guiding positioning assembly; a hot air inlet is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of one side of the preheating box body, a hot air outlet is arranged at the upper part of the side wall of the other side of the preheating box body, a flow guide baffle is arranged at the bottom of the preheating box body, and a heat reflection lining layer is arranged on the inner cavity of the preheating box body and the surface of the flow guide baffle.The preheating and the welding operation are integrated, the uniform preheating and the accurate positioning of the PCBA are realized, the manual welding quality and the production efficiency are improved, and the risk of thermal damage is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of PCBA manual soldering technology, and more particularly to a workbench for PCBA manual soldering. Background Technology

[0002] In electronic assembly production, for PCBAs (Printed Circuit Board Assemblies) containing through-hole components, PCBAs are typically placed on a standard soldering workbench or simple tray, and manual soldering is performed using a soldering iron. When a PCBA has large grounding pads or large copper foil areas, due to the large heat capacity and rapid heat dissipation of the pads and copper foil, local heating with a soldering iron alone is insufficient to ensure sufficient solder melting and penetration. Therefore, it is often necessary to extend the soldering iron contact time and increase the soldering iron tip temperature to ensure soldering reliability.

[0003] However, the above methods have obvious drawbacks: insufficient heating time can easily lead to defects such as poor solder penetration, cold solder joints, and false solder joints, resulting in repeated rework and reduced production efficiency; prolonged or repeated local high-temperature heating can cause excessive thermal stress on the PCB substrate, which can easily cause solder pads to lift, copper foil to peel off, board delamination, or even thermal damage to components, seriously affecting the soldering quality and service life of the product.

[0004] Therefore, preheating is often introduced in production to improve thermal conditions. However, existing solutions generally separate the preheating equipment from the soldering workbench, making it difficult to create a PCBA manual soldering workbench that combines uniform preheating and precise positioning. Specific shortcomings are as follows: 1. Disconnection between preheating and soldering operations. When using independent preheating equipment, the PCBA needs to be transferred between the preheating station and the soldering station. During the transfer process, heat is quickly lost, making it difficult to maintain a stable preheating temperature. When soldering manually, the problems of poor solder penetration and thermal shock caused by the sudden drop in temperature still cannot be avoided.

[0005] 2. Uneven preheating temperature field. Existing preheating devices mostly use a single heat source for direct blowing or localized radiation heating, lacking effective airflow guidance and heat reflection design. This results in uneven heating of the PCBA, making it impossible to achieve uniform preheating. Localized thermal stress concentration still exists during soldering, and the risk of thermal damage such as pad lifting and copper foil peeling cannot be fundamentally reduced.

[0006] 3. Poor PCBA positioning accuracy. Conventional soldering workbenches or brackets lack reliable fixing and limiting structures suitable for multi-size PCBAs. During the soldering process, the circuit board is prone to displacement, which not only affects the accuracy of manual soldering operations, but also easily causes the soldering iron to accidentally touch surrounding solder joints and components, increasing the soldering defect rate.

[0007] 4. Insufficient structural versatility and ease of operation. The internal volume of existing preheating devices is mostly fixed, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the shape and height of PCBA and components. There is a lack of panel and bracket structures that can be quickly changed, making it difficult to meet the needs of frequent switching in small-batch, multi-variety production. At the same time, the hot air source interface lacks a standardized quick-installation design, often requiring additional adapters, making disassembly and assembly operations cumbersome and affecting work efficiency.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a PCBA manual soldering workbench that integrates uniform preheating and precise positioning functions, has a simple structure, and is easy to operate, in order to improve soldering heat management, enhance soldering quality and production efficiency, and meet the flexible operation needs of manual soldering scenarios with multiple varieties and small batches. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a workbench for manual soldering of PCBA, which can achieve precise positioning and reliable fixation of PCBA, and integrates the functions of preheating and soldering operation table into one.

[0010] The technical solution to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a PCBA manual soldering workbench, including a preheating box with a PCBA placement panel detachably mounted horizontally on the upper surface, the PCBA placement panel having a preheating air vent with an area not less than that of the PCBA in the middle, and the PCBA placement panels on both sides of the preheating air vent having PCBA placement brackets for fixing the PCBA, the preheating box and the PCBA placement panel being positioned and connected by a guide positioning component. A hot air inlet is provided on the lower part of one side wall of the preheating chamber, and a hot air outlet is provided on the upper part of the other side wall. The bottom of the preheating chamber is also provided with a flow guide baffle that can cooperate with the hot air inlet and hot air outlet to form a forced hot air convection channel in the preheating chamber. The inner surface of the preheating chamber and the surface of the flow guide baffle are both covered with a heat reflective lining.

[0011] As a further improvement of the invention, the PCBA placement bracket includes a mounting plate horizontally disposed on the upper surface of the PCBA placement panel. An adjustment slot extending perpendicular to the edge of the PCBA is provided through the surface of the mounting plate. A locking screw is provided in the adjustment slot, which slides with the inner wall of the adjustment slot and is threadedly connected to the PCBA placement panel. The mounting plate is connected to one end of an L-shaped support plate near the PCBA, and the other end of the L-shaped support plate extends to the bottom surface of the PCBA.

[0012] As a further improvement of the invention, the preheating box includes multiple sub-boxes stacked at a fixed layer spacing along the height direction. Sealing ridges and ridge grooves are provided between the mating end faces of adjacent sub-boxes, and adjacent sub-boxes are also positioned and connected by a guide positioning component.

[0013] As a further improvement to the invention, the guide positioning component includes a vertically arranged positioning pin and a positioning hole, wherein the positioning pin and the positioning hole are detachably plugged in, and a magnetic fixing component is embedded at the bottom of the positioning hole.

[0014] As a further improvement to the invention, the flow guide baffle is provided in two pieces and is arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the hot air inlet. The flow guide baffle forms a 45° angle with the side wall and bottom of the preheating box.

[0015] As a further improvement to the invention, the heat-reflective liner is a tin foil layer.

[0016] As a further improvement to the invention, the hot air inlet is a circular through hole with its center 10 mm from the bottom wall of the preheating box; the hot air outlet consists of three circular through holes arranged in a horizontal direction, with the center of each hot air outlet 10 mm from the top wall of the preheating box, and the diameter of each hot air outlet is 10 mm.

[0017] Beneficial effects Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the invented PCBA manual soldering workbench are: 1. By integrating the PCBA placement panel onto the preheating chamber, the PCBA can be directly hand-soldered at the same workstation without any transfer after preheating. This completely eliminates heat loss and temperature drop during the transfer process, ensuring temperature stability throughout the soldering process and fundamentally solving the problems of poor solder penetration and thermal shock caused by the disconnect between preheating and soldering. 2. Through the convection layout of bottom air intake and top air exhaust, combined with the guide baffle set at a specific angle and the full-coverage heat reflective liner, a uniform and stable forced hot air convection circulation is formed in the cabinet, so as to achieve uniform preheating of the entire PCBA and effectively avoid the risk of heat damage such as pad lifting, copper foil peeling and board delamination caused by local overheating or uneven heating. 3. By using the PCBA placement bracket, the PCBA can be quickly and accurately positioned and reliably fixed. During the soldering process, the PCBA displacement can be effectively prevented, avoiding accidental contact of the soldering iron with surrounding solder joints and components. This improves the accuracy and safety of manual soldering and reduces soldering defects. 4. The preheating chamber, with its stackable and modular structure, allows for height adjustment to suit specific needs. The PCBA placement panel can also be quickly disassembled to match the size of the preheating vents with the PCBA specifications. Combined with the magnetic quick-release design of the guide and positioning components, the entire workbench is easy to assemble and disassemble, highly versatile, and can flexibly adapt to the frequent switching of PCBA specifications in multi-variety, small-batch manual soldering production. This significantly reduces tooling costs and improves production efficiency.

[0018] The invention will become clearer from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are used to explain embodiments of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention during use; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the preheating chamber of the present invention.

[0021] The components are: 1-Preheating chamber; 2-PCBA placement panel; 3-PCBA placement bracket; 4-Positioning pin; 5-Sealing strip; 6-Guide baffle; 7-Hot air inlet; 8-Hot air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0023] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; of course, they can also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; furthermore, they can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example: Specific embodiments of the invention are as follows Figure 1-2 As shown, a workbench for manual soldering of PCBA includes a preheating chamber 1, a PCBA placement panel 2, a PCBA placement bracket 3, a guide and positioning assembly, a flow guide baffle 6, a hot air inlet 7, a hot air outlet 8, and a heat reflective liner.

[0026] The preheating chamber 1 has a detachable horizontally mounted PCBA placement panel 2 on its upper surface. A through-hole preheating air vent is located in the center of the PCBA placement panel 2, with an opening area no smaller than the area of ​​the PCBA to be soldered, ensuring that hot air completely covers and directly acts on the back of the PCBA. PCBA placement brackets 3 are provided on both sides of the preheating air vent on the PCBA placement panel 2 to support and fix the PCBA. The preheating chamber 1 and the PCBA placement panel 2 are quickly positioned and detachably connected via a guide positioning assembly. A hot air inlet 7 is located on the lower part of one side wall of the preheating chamber 1, and a hot air outlet 8 is located on the upper part of the other side wall. A baffle 6 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the preheating chamber 1. This baffle 6, in conjunction with the hot air inlet 7 and the hot air outlet 8, forms a regular forced hot air convection channel within the preheating chamber 1. All inner surfaces of the preheating chamber 1 and the surface of the baffle 6 are covered with a heat-reflective liner.

[0027] By directly integrating the PCBA placement panel 2 onto the preheating chamber 1, this workbench combines the functions of preheating and soldering into one unit. During soldering operations, after the PCBA has undergone uniform preheating at the preheating vent, no station transfer is required, and operators can directly perform manual soldering on the PCBA at the same station. This integrated design fundamentally eliminates heat loss and temperature drops during PCBA transfer after preheating, ensuring that the PCBA remains in a stable preheating temperature environment throughout the entire soldering process. This effectively solves the problems of poor solder penetration and thermal shock caused by the disconnect between preheating and soldering.

[0028] During preheating, hot air enters the preheating chamber 1 through the hot air inlet 7 located at the lower part of one side wall. It first impacts the baffle 6, which guides the airflow towards both sides of the preheating chamber 1, preventing direct hot air from causing excessively high local temperatures. Subsequently, the hot air rises within the chamber and, through the combined action of the heat-reflective lining on the inner surface and the baffle 6, reduces heat loss and continuously homogenizes the temperature field within the chamber. Finally, it is evenly discharged from the hot air outlet 8 at the upper part of the other side wall, forming a forced hot air convection circulation from bottom to top in a unidirectional direction. This convection layout, combined with the heat-reflective structure, ensures a highly uniform temperature field within the chamber, achieving uniform preheating of the entire PCBA and effectively avoiding the risk of thermal damage such as pad lifting, copper foil peeling, and board delamination caused by localized overheating or uneven heating.

[0029] To achieve precise positioning and reliable fixation of the PCBA, such as Figure 1As shown, each PCBA placement bracket 3 includes a mounting plate horizontally positioned on the upper surface of the PCBA placement panel 2. The mounting plate has a through-hole adjustment slot, the extension direction of which is perpendicular to the edge of the corresponding PCBA. A locking screw passes through the adjustment slot, sliding within it, and its lower end is threaded to the PCBA placement panel 2. An L-shaped support plate is connected to one end of the mounting plate near the PCBA. The other end of the L-shaped support plate extends horizontally below the lower surface of the PCBA to be soldered, providing support for the bottom edge of the PCBA. When adapting to different PCBA sizes, simply loosen the locking screw, move the mounting plate back and forth along the adjustment slot to the appropriate position, and then tighten it again. The L-shaped support plate will then precisely support the edge of the PCBA, achieving rapid and accurate positioning and reliable fixation. This adjustable positioning structure effectively prevents PCBA displacement during soldering, improves the accuracy and safety of manual soldering operations, and reduces soldering defects caused by accidental contact with the soldering iron.

[0030] To further enhance the adaptability of this workbench to different usage scenarios and PCBA specifications, such as Figure 2 As shown, the preheating chamber 1 is configured as a stacked, modular structure, consisting of multiple independent sub-chambers stacked at fixed intervals along the height direction. Between the mating surfaces of adjacent sub-chambers, mutually cooperating sealing protrusions 5 and protrusion grooves are provided to form a stacked seal, effectively preventing hot air leakage from the interlayer seams and ensuring preheating efficiency. Adjacent sub-chambers are also connected and positioned quickly between upper and lower layers using a guide positioning assembly. Specifically, the guide positioning assembly includes a vertically positioned positioning pin 4 and a positioning hole. The positioning pin 4 and the positioning hole are detachably plugged in, and a magnetic fastener is embedded at the bottom of the positioning hole. When the positioning pin 4 is inserted into the positioning hole, the magnetic fastener magnetically attracts the positioning pin 4, achieving reliable interlayer fixation without additional tools. The same guide positioning assembly structure is also used between the PCBA placement panel 2 and the preheating chamber 1 for quick assembly and disassembly.

[0031] By increasing or decreasing the number of stacked sub-boxes, operators can flexibly adjust the internal height and volume of the preheating box 1 according to the actual welding height requirements. Simultaneously, the PCBA placement panel 2 can be quickly replaced as a whole to match the preheating vent size requirements of different PCBA specifications. This design makes the workbench highly versatile, easy to assemble and disassemble, and can flexibly adapt to the operational needs of frequent PCBA specification changes in small-batch, multi-variety production, significantly reducing tooling investment costs and improving production efficiency.

[0032] To ensure uniform hot air diffusion, two baffles 6 are provided, arranged opposite each other on both sides of the hot air inlet 7. Both baffles 6 form a 45° angle with the side wall and bottom of the preheating chamber 1, which can efficiently disperse the hot air entering the chamber and guide it evenly to the sides and top, further promoting the uniformity of the temperature field inside the chamber, enhancing the uniform preheating effect on the PCBA, and reducing the risk of thermal damage.

[0033] To achieve better heat reflection and insulation performance, the heat-reflective liner is preferably a tin foil layer. The tin foil layer completely covers the inner wall of the preheating chamber 1 and the upper surface of the flow guide baffle 6. By efficiently reflecting heat radiation, it reduces heat loss from the chamber to the outside, thereby improving the heat energy utilization rate, and works in conjunction with forced convection to achieve a uniform temperature distribution inside the chamber.

[0034] Regarding the specific dimensions and layout of the hot air inlet and outlet, in this embodiment, the hot air inlet 7 is a circular through-hole, with its center 10mm above the bottom wall of the preheating chamber 1. This inner diameter forms a transition fit with the outer diameter of the standard hot air gun outlet, allowing for direct insertion and connection, achieving sealed hot air input and convenient operation. The hot air outlet 8 consists of three circular through-holes evenly arranged horizontally, with the center of each outlet 8 10mm above the inner top wall of the preheating chamber 1, and a diameter of 10mm for each outlet. This design with multiple evenly distributed outlets ensures uniform and smooth exhaust of hot air, maintaining stable pressure and temperature within the chamber, avoiding localized stagnation and temperature fluctuations caused by poor exhaust, thereby ensuring that the PCBA remains at a stable process temperature throughout the preheating and soldering process.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A worktable for manual soldering of a PCBA, characterized in that, The preheating box (1) includes a PCBA placement panel (2) that is detachably mounted horizontally on the upper surface. The PCBA placement panel (2) has a preheating air vent with an area not less than that of the PCBA in the middle. Both sides of the PCBA placement panel (2) are provided with PCBA placement brackets (3) for fixing the PCBA. The preheating box (1) and the PCBA placement panel (2) are connected by a guide positioning component. The preheating box (1) has a hot air inlet (7) on the lower part of one side wall and a hot air outlet (8) on the upper part of the other side wall. The bottom of the preheating box (1) is also provided with a flow guide baffle (6) that can cooperate with the hot air inlet (7) and the hot air outlet (8) to form a forced hot air convection channel in the preheating box (1). The inner surface of the preheating box (1) and the surface of the flow guide baffle (6) are both covered with a heat reflective liner.

2. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PCBA placement bracket (3) includes a mounting plate horizontally set on the upper surface of the PCBA placement panel (2). An adjustment slot extending perpendicular to the edge of the PCBA is provided through the surface of the mounting plate. A locking screw is provided in the adjustment slot that slides with the inner wall of the adjustment slot and is threadedly connected to the PCBA placement panel (2). The mounting plate is connected to one end of an L-shaped support plate near the PCBA, and the other end of the L-shaped support plate extends to the bottom surface of the PCBA.

3. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preheating box (1) includes multiple sub-boxes stacked at a fixed layer spacing along the height direction. Sealing ridges (5) and ridge grooves are provided between the mating end faces of adjacent sub-boxes, and adjacent sub-boxes are also positioned and connected by guide positioning components.

4. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The guide positioning component includes a vertically arranged positioning pin (4) and a positioning hole. The positioning pin (4) and the positioning hole are detachably plugged in, and a magnetic fixing component is embedded at the bottom of the positioning hole.

5. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two baffles (6) are provided and are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the hot air inlet (7). The baffles (6) form a 45° angle with the side wall and bottom of the preheating box (1).

6. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-reflective liner is a tin foil layer.

7. The PCBA manual soldering workbench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot air inlet (7) is a circular through hole with its center 10 mm from the bottom wall of the preheating box (1); the hot air outlet (8) consists of three circular through holes arranged in a horizontal direction, with the center of each hot air outlet (8) 10 mm from the inner top wall of the preheating box (1), and the diameter of each hot air outlet (8) is 10 mm.

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