An intelligent uniform temperature cabinet based on partition dynamic heat dissipation

Abstract

The application provides an intelligent uniform temperature cabinet based on partition dynamic heat dissipation, and belongs to the technical field of communication equipment cabinets.The application comprises a cabinet body and a control unit, the cabinet body is internally provided with a plurality of layers of equipment installation positions, a plurality of horizontal partitions are arranged in the cabinet body along the height direction, and the horizontal partitions separate the internal space of the cabinet body into a plurality of independent heat dissipation chambers;each heat dissipation chamber is provided with a fan module and a temperature sensor;the control unit is electrically connected with each temperature sensor and each fan module, respectively, independently adjusts the rotating speed of each fan module, and maintains the temperature in the same heat dissipation chamber within a preset range.Not only can the local hot spots be quickly eliminated, the equipment temperature is balanced, and the fan is prevented from idling or overrunning, but also the filter screen pressure difference monitoring and the auxiliary air inlet work cooperatively, further ensuring the reliability and maintenance convenience of long-term operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data center and communication equipment cabinet technology, and in particular to an intelligent uniform temperature cabinet based on zoned dynamic heat dissipation. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the density and power consumption of equipment such as servers and switches continue to rise, resulting in extremely uneven heat load distribution within server racks and increasingly prominent localized hotspot problems. Traditional server racks typically use a uniform fan array at the top or rear for overall heat dissipation. This centralized cooling method has the following drawbacks: 1. When cold air flows inside the cabinet, it is preheated by the equipment below, causing the air intake temperature of the equipment above to rise, resulting in an excessive temperature difference between the top and bottom, making it difficult to eliminate local hot spots through unified adjustment.

[0003] 2. Even if only a few devices are under heavy load and generate heat, the system often needs to increase the speed of all fans, resulting in a lot of ineffective power consumption and excessive noise, and poor energy saving effect.

[0004] 3. The lack of effective filtration and monitoring methods within the heat dissipation channels means that maintenance personnel cannot detect the gradual clogging of the filters in a timely manner, leading to a continuous decline in heat dissipation efficiency and threatening equipment safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a server rack that can independently adjust the airflow of each area based on the actual temperature of different areas inside the rack, and has a maintenance warning function, so as to significantly reduce energy consumption and noise while ensuring heat dissipation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above technical problems, this invention provides an intelligent uniform temperature cabinet based on zoned dynamic heat dissipation, which solves the problems of uneven heat dissipation, high energy consumption, and untimely maintenance of filters in existing cabinets.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is: An intelligent temperature-equalizing cabinet based on zoned dynamic heat dissipation includes a cabinet body with multiple equipment mounting positions inside. Several horizontal partitions are arranged along the height of the cabinet body, dividing the internal space into multiple vertically independent heat dissipation chambers. Each heat dissipation chamber is equipped with at least one independently controlled fan module and at least one temperature sensor. The cabinet also includes a control unit electrically connected to each temperature sensor and each fan module. The control unit receives temperature signals collected by each temperature sensor and independently adjusts the speed of each fan module based on the temperature difference between the heat dissipation chambers or the temperature difference between each heat dissipation chamber and a target temperature, thereby maintaining the temperature within the same heat dissipation chamber within a preset range.

[0008] Furthermore, the fan modules are located inside the rear door or rear panel of the cabinet. Each fan module includes at least one axial fan and a fan shroud. The outlet of the fan shroud is connected to the corresponding heat dissipation chamber, forming a partitioned independent air duct with air intake at the front and air exhaust at the rear of the cabinet.

[0009] Furthermore, the front door of the cabinet is a mesh door, and a detachable air filter is provided on the inner side of the front door corresponding to the position of each heat dissipation chamber. A differential pressure sensor is provided between the windward and leeward sides of the air filter, and the differential pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control unit. When the differential pressure on both sides of a filter exceeds a set threshold, the control unit issues a filter blockage alarm signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the cabinet side panel is provided with an auxiliary air inlet at least corresponding to one heat dissipation chamber. The auxiliary air inlet is equipped with an electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism, which is electrically connected to the control unit. When the control unit determines that the temperature of a heat dissipation chamber exceeds a first threshold and the fan module speed corresponding to the heat dissipation chamber has reached its upper limit and has been running for a certain period of time, it controls the electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism to open the corresponding auxiliary air inlet to increase the air intake cross-sectional area.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal partition is a detachable steel plate, which is detachably connected to the cabinet uprights, for example by screws or elastic clips; by adjusting the position of the horizontal partition, the volume of each heat dissipation chamber can be changed.

[0012] Furthermore, the control unit is installed on the top of the cabinet and includes an MCU controller, a signal acquisition circuit, a fan drive circuit, a display interaction module, and a communication interface. The MCU controller has a pre-set PID adjustment algorithm, which takes the temperature sensor feedback value of each heat dissipation chamber as input and the corresponding fan module speed as output to form a multi-loop closed-loop control.

[0013] Furthermore, the communication interface is used to communicate with an external management platform or fire alarm system. When a fire alarm signal is received, the control unit forcibly shuts down all fan modules and closes the electronically controlled opening and closing mechanisms of all auxiliary air inlets.

[0014] The operation of the server rack includes the following steps: S1. The control unit periodically reads the temperature values ​​of all temperature sensors and calculates the current temperature of each heat dissipation chamber; S2. For each heat dissipation chamber, compare its current temperature with the preset target temperature. If the difference exceeds the preset dead zone, calculate the target speed required by the fan module based on the PID algorithm. S3. Independently send corresponding control signals to each fan module to adjust its speed, so that the temperature of each heat dissipation chamber approaches the target temperature; S4. Simultaneously read the values ​​of each differential pressure sensor. If any differential pressure exceeds the set alarm threshold, a filter replacement reminder will be sent through the display interaction module and communication interface. S5. If the temperature of a heat dissipation chamber continues to be higher than the first threshold and its fan module has been running at the maximum speed, determine whether it is necessary to open the side auxiliary air inlet and close it after the condition is removed.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are This invention utilizes horizontal partitions to construct multiple independent heat dissipation chambers within the cabinet. Combined with distributed temperature sensors and independently controllable fan modules, it achieves true "zoned, on-demand cooling." This not only rapidly eliminates localized hotspots and ensures uniform equipment temperature, but also prevents fans in unnecessarily cooled areas from idling or over-running, significantly reducing overall fan power consumption and operating noise. Simultaneously, the coordinated operation of filter differential pressure monitoring and auxiliary air inlets further ensures long-term operational reliability and ease of maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a front-view perspective three-dimensional structural diagram of the cabinet of the present invention; Figure 2 A front view of the internal heat dissipation chamber and horizontal partition after the front door is removed; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the layout of the fan module inside the rear door; Figure 4 System connection diagram for the control unit; Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the side auxiliary air inlet and the electronically controlled opening and closing mechanism; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main flow of the control method of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of markings in the attached diagram: 1-Cabinet; 11-Front door; 12-Rear door; 13-Side panel; 2-Horizontal partition; 3-Heat dissipation chamber; 4-Equipment mounting position; 5-Fan module; 51-Axial fan; 52-Fan shroud; 6-Temperature sensor; 7-Control unit; 71-MCU controller; 72-Display interaction module; 73-Communication interface; 8-Air filter; 9-Differential pressure sensor; 10-Auxiliary air inlet; 101-Electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this invention discloses an intelligent temperature-equalizing cabinet based on zoned dynamic heat dissipation, wherein, Figure 1 Show the overall cabinet shape, the relationship between the front door and side panels, and the main external markings.

[0020] The cabinet is rectangular, with a mesh front door that reveals the right side panel, while the rear is obscured.

[0021] The dimensions are marked as 2000mm in total height, 600mm in total width, and 1200mm in total depth.

[0022] Figure 2 The front view is shown with the front door removed, revealing the internal structure. Horizontal partitions divide the cabinet into four independent heat dissipation chambers, each with multiple pairs of equipment mounting positions. The location of temperature sensors is marked on the side wall of each layer (center of the side wall).

[0023] Figure 3 In the middle, the rear door opens twice, revealing the fan modules installed inside. Each heat dissipation chamber corresponds to one fan module, with a total of four sets. Each set has two axial fans and a gradually expanding fan shroud. The fan shroud outlet is tightly fitted to the rear opening of the heat dissipation chamber, forming an independent air duct.

[0024] Figure 4 In the middle, the control unit collects temperature and differential pressure signals, independently drives each fan module and auxiliary air inlet, and connects to the display module and external communication interface. Figure 5 In the middle, take a partial view of the right side panel corresponding to the central chamber (front view of the side panel). The auxiliary air inlet opening size is approximately 200mm × 300mm, with an externally mounted motor-driven louver. Mark the connection lines between the electronically controlled opening and closing mechanism and the MCU.

[0025] This invention includes a standard 19-inch cabinet 1, which has a mesh front door 11, a double rear door 12, and two side panels 13. Inside the cabinet 1, three horizontal partitions 2 are detachably installed along the height direction. The horizontal partitions 2 are made of 1.5mm thick cold-rolled steel plates and are fixed to four uprights with screws. The horizontal partitions 2 divide the internal space of the cabinet into four heat dissipation chambers 3 that isolate airflow in the vertical direction. Each heat dissipation chamber 3 has multiple pairs of equipment mounting positions 4 for installing standard servers and other equipment.

[0026] On the inside of the rear door 12, a fan module mounting bracket is welded to each heat dissipation chamber 3, and a set of fan modules 5 are fixed to it by bolts. Figure 3 As shown, the fan module 5 includes two parallel axial fans 51 and a gradually expanding fan shroud 52. The outlet of the fan shroud 52 is tightly fitted to the rear opening of the heat dissipation chamber 3, forming an independent exhaust channel. The mesh of the front door 11 forms the air inlet surface. Cold air enters from the front door, flows through the equipment, absorbs heat, and is then extracted by the rear door fan module. Due to the obstruction of the horizontal partition 2, the airflow in each chamber does not interfere with each other.

[0027] A digital temperature sensor 6, preferably a DS18B20, is centrally mounted on the inner side wall of each heat dissipation chamber 3 to collect the temperature of that chamber in real time. All signal lines from the temperature sensors 6, as well as the power and control lines from the fan module 5, are routed to a control unit 7 mounted on the top of the cabinet 1. The core of the control unit 7 is an ARM Cortex-M based MCU controller 71, which integrates signal acquisition circuitry, multi-channel PWM fan drive circuitry, an LCD display and interaction module 72, and an RS485 communication interface 73. The MCU controller 71 internally incorporates a multi-loop PID control algorithm, using the feedback value from the temperature sensor 6 of each heat dissipation chamber 3 as the process variable and the PWM duty cycle of the corresponding fan module 5 as the manipulated variable, to independently perform closed-loop control.

[0028] Inside the front door 11, each heat dissipation chamber 3 has a removable air filter 8 embedded in its corresponding air intake area. The filter 8 is a G4 grade non-woven pleated filter. A micro differential pressure sensor 9 is connected between the windward and leeward sides of the filter 8, and the analog output of the differential pressure sensor 9 is connected to the acquisition circuit of the control unit 7. When the differential pressure of a filter exceeds a preset alarm limit (e.g., 150Pa) due to dust accumulation, the control unit 7 displays a blockage icon for the filter in that chamber on the LCD screen and pushes an alarm message to the host computer management platform via the communication interface 73, prompting maintenance personnel to replace it in time.

[0029] On the two side panels 13 of the cabinet 1, two auxiliary air inlets 10 are provided in the areas corresponding to the two middle heat dissipation chambers. An electrically controlled louver driven by a micro stepper motor is installed on the outside of the auxiliary air inlet 10 as an electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism 101. The drive circuit of the electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism 101 is also controlled by the control unit 7. When the temperature sensor 6 in a heat dissipation chamber detects that the temperature exceeds a first threshold (e.g., 38°C), and the control unit 7 determines that the PWM duty cycle of the fan module 5 corresponding to that chamber has reached 100% and lasted for more than 60 seconds, it drives the electrically controlled louver on the corresponding side to open, introducing additional cold air from the side to participate in the circulation; after the temperature drops below a second threshold (e.g., 33°C) and lasts for 30 seconds, the louver closes, restoring the normal front air intake and rear air exhaust mode to reduce cooling waste.

[0030] The communication interface 73 can also be connected to the dry contact signal of the fire alarm system. When a fire alarm signal is received, the control unit 7 immediately enters the safety mode, forcibly sets the speed of all fan modules 5 to zero, and closes the electronic control opening and closing mechanism 101 of all auxiliary air inlets to block the intake of external oxygen and delay the spread of fire.

[0031] Figure 6 This describes the control process for an intelligent temperature-controlled cabinet. The process incorporates zoned PID temperature control, filter differential pressure warning, intelligent opening and closing of auxiliary air intake, and fire alarm linkage safety strategies.

[0032] After power-on initialization; the temperature of each chamber is collected cyclically; for each chamber, if the fire alarm signal is valid, all fans are forcibly stopped and the louvers are closed, and the process ends; otherwise, the temperature deviation is calculated; if the deviation is within the dead zone, the current speed is maintained; if the deviation exceeds the dead zone, the PID controller is run to calculate the new duty cycle and update the PWM output; at the same time, the values ​​of each differential pressure sensor are read, and if any exceed the limit, an alarm is pushed; further, it is checked whether there is a chamber with a full duty cycle and a temperature still exceeding the first threshold. If so, the corresponding side louvers are opened; if not, but the louvers were previously open and the temperature has fallen below the second threshold, the louvers are closed; then the next cycle begins.

[0033] As can be seen, this invention achieves a high degree of temperature balance inside the cabinet through multiple synergies, including structural separation, independent sensing, independent airflow adjustment, and auxiliary air intake and filter maintenance early warning. At the same time, it minimizes operating energy consumption and noise, and improves the overall reliability and intelligence level of the data center or equipment room.

[0034] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is used only to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent temperature-equalizing cabinet based on zoned dynamic heat dissipation, comprising a cabinet body and a control unit, characterized in that, The cabinet has several layers of equipment mounting positions inside. Several horizontal partitions are arranged along the height direction inside the cabinet, which divide the internal space of the cabinet into several vertically independent heat dissipation chambers. Each heat dissipation chamber is equipped with at least one independently controlled fan module and at least one temperature sensor. The control unit is electrically connected to each temperature sensor and each fan module respectively, and is used to receive the temperature signals collected by each temperature sensor, and independently adjust the speed of each fan module according to the temperature difference between each heat dissipation chamber or the temperature difference between each heat dissipation chamber and the target temperature, so that the temperature in the same heat dissipation chamber is maintained within a preset range.

2. The cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fan modules are located inside the rear door or back panel of the cabinet. Each fan module includes at least one axial fan and a fan shroud. The outlet of the fan shroud is connected to the corresponding heat dissipation chamber, forming a partitioned independent air duct with air intake at the front and air exhaust at the rear of the cabinet.

3. The cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet's front door is a mesh door, and a removable air filter is installed on the inner side of the front door corresponding to the position of each heat dissipation chamber. A differential pressure sensor is installed between the windward and leeward sides of the air filter, and the differential pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control unit. When the differential pressure on both sides of a filter exceeds a set threshold, the control unit issues a filter blockage alarm signal.

4. The cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet side panel is provided with an auxiliary air inlet at least one location corresponding to a heat dissipation chamber. The auxiliary air inlet is equipped with an electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism, which is electrically connected to the control unit. When the control unit determines that the temperature of a heat dissipation chamber exceeds a first threshold and the fan module speed corresponding to the heat dissipation chamber has reached its upper limit and has been running for a predetermined time, it controls the electrically controlled opening and closing mechanism to open the corresponding auxiliary air inlet to increase the air intake cross-sectional area.

5. The cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal partition is a detachable steel plate, which is detachably connected to the cabinet columns. By adjusting the position of the horizontal partition, the volume of each heat dissipation chamber can be changed.

6. The cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is installed on the top of the cabinet and includes an MCU controller, a signal acquisition circuit, a fan drive circuit, a display interaction module, and a communication interface. The MCU controller has a pre-set PID adjustment algorithm, which takes the temperature sensor feedback value of each heat dissipation chamber as input and the corresponding fan module speed as output to form a multi-loop closed-loop control.

7. The cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication interface is used to communicate with an external management platform or fire alarm system. When a fire alarm signal is received, the control unit forcibly shuts down all fan modules and closes the electronic opening and closing mechanisms of all auxiliary air inlets.

8. The cabinet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rack operation process includes the following steps: S1. The control unit periodically reads the temperature values ​​of all temperature sensors and calculates the current temperature of each heat dissipation chamber; S2. For each heat dissipation chamber, compare its current temperature with the preset target temperature. If the difference exceeds the preset dead zone, calculate the target speed required by the fan module based on the PID algorithm. S3. Independently send corresponding control signals to each fan module to adjust its speed so that the temperature of each heat dissipation chamber approaches the target temperature. S4. Simultaneously read the values ​​of each differential pressure sensor. If any differential pressure exceeds the set alarm threshold, a filter replacement reminder will be sent through the display interaction module and communication interface. S5. If the temperature of a heat dissipation chamber continues to be higher than the first threshold and its fan module has been running at the maximum speed, determine whether it is necessary to open the side auxiliary air inlet and close it after the condition is removed.

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