Low viscosity and high flash point paos solvent

Abstract

A C 16 alkane composition containing at least 90 wt% of C 16 alkane and having a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt, a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 2 to 3.6 cSt, and a flash point of 115 to 140°C and / or a pour point of -60 to -30°C. A C 24 alkane composition containing at least 90 wt% of C 24 alkane and having a 100°C kinematic viscosity of 2 to 3 cSt, a 40°C kinematic viscosity of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt, and a flash point of 185 to 215°C and / or a pour point of -95 to -70°C. An alkane composition containing 5 to 95 wt% of C 16 alkane and 95 to 5 wt% of C 24 alkane, the wt% being based on the C 16 alkane and the C 24 alkane.

Description

Citation of relevant applications

[0001] This application was filed on April 7, 2025 as a PCT international patent application and claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Patent Application Nos. 63 / 631,542 and 63 / 631,550, filed on April 9, 2024, the full disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to C produced from 1-octene dimer and trimer. 16 To C 24 Alkanes, and more specifically C4 hydrocarbons with favorable viscosity, flash point, and pour point properties. 16 Alkane composition, C 24 Alkane compositions and mixed C 16 -C 24 Alkane composition. Background Technology

[0003] Alkanes of various carbon numbers are used as low-viscosity solvents in many applications. However, low flash points, volatility, and flammability limit the applications of certain alkanes. Therefore, it is advantageous to develop alkane compositions that combine low viscosity and high flash points. Consequently, this invention is generally aimed at these objectives. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This summary is provided to introduce, in a simplified form, selected concepts that will be further described in the following detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify essential or necessary features of the claimed subject matter. Nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0005] This document describes alkane compositions. A first composition conforming to this disclosure may contain at least 90% by weight C. 16 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer), and in some respects, at least 95% by weight or at least 98% by weight of C 16 Alkanes. The first composition may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (KV100) in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt, a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (KV40) in the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt, and a flash point in the range of 115 to 140°C and / or a pour point in the range of -60 to -30°C.

[0006] The second alkane composition provided herein may contain at least 90% by weight C. 24 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), and in some respects, at least 95% by weight or at least 98% by weight of C 24Alkane. The second composition may have a KV100 in the range of 2 to 3 cSt, a KV40 in the range of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt, and a flash point in the range of 185 to 215 °C and / or a pour point in the range of -95 to -70 °C.

[0007] The third alkane composition provided herein may contain (a) 5 to 95% by weight of C 16 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) and (b) 95 to 5% by weight of C 24 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer). These weight percentages are based on these two components, not the overall composition. However, based on the overall composition, the third alkane composition may contain, for example, (a) 40 to 90 wt% or 58 to 80 wt% C. 16 Alkanes and (b) 10 to 60 wt% or 14 to 30 wt% C 24 Alkanes. As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the sum of these and other components does not exceed 100% by weight. For example, the third alkane composition may also contain (c) 0.5 to 20% by weight or 2 to 8% by weight of C 32 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene tetramer).

[0008] The foregoing summary and the following detailed description are illustrative and merely explanatory. Therefore, the foregoing summary and the following detailed description should not be considered limiting. Furthermore, features or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. For example, certain aspects and embodiments may involve various combinations and sub-combinations of features described in the detailed description.

[0009] definition To more clearly define the terms used herein, the following definitions are provided. Unless otherwise specified, the following definitions apply to this disclosure. If a term is used in this disclosure but is not specifically defined herein, the definition in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd Edition (1997) may be applied, provided that the definition does not conflict with any other disclosure or definition applied herein, or render any claim to which the definition applies uncertain or invalid. If any definition or usage provided in any document incorporated herein by reference conflicts with the definition or usage provided herein, the definition or usage provided herein shall prevail.

[0010] In this document, the features of the subject matter can be described such that combinations of different features are conceivable within a particular aspect. For each aspect and / or feature disclosed herein, all combinations are considered that will not adversely affect the compositions, processes, and / or methods described herein, with or without an explicit description of a particular combination. Furthermore, unless otherwise expressly stated, any aspect or feature disclosed herein may be combined to describe inventive compositions, processes, and / or methods conforming to this disclosure.

[0011] In this disclosure, while compositions and processes / methods are described as “comprising” various components or steps, unless otherwise stated, compositions and processes / methods may also be described as “substantially consisting of various components or steps” or “consisting of various components or steps.” Unless otherwise specified, the terms “an,” “a,” and “the,” are intended to include a plurality of alternatives, such as at least one. For example, unless otherwise specified, the disclosure of “additive” is intended to cover one additive, or a combination of two or more additives.

[0012] Generally speaking, elemental families use Chemical and Engineering News The numbering scheme indicated in the version of the periodic table published in 1985, 63(5), 27, indicates the elements. In some cases, a group of elements may be indicated by the common name assigned to that group; for example, alkali metals indicate Group 1 elements, alkaline earth metals indicate Group 2 elements, transition metals indicate Groups 3-12 elements, and halogens or halides indicate Group 17 elements.

[0013] For any particular compound or group disclosed herein, unless otherwise specified, any name or structure presented (generally or specifically) is intended to cover all conformational isomers, regio isomers, stereoisomers, and mixtures thereof that can be produced by a particular set of substituents. Unless otherwise specified, the name or structure (generally or specifically) also covers all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other optical isomers (if any), whether enantiomers or racemic forms, and mixtures of stereoisomers, as known to those skilled in the art. For example, general references to pentane include n-pentane, 2-methyl-butane, and 2,2-dimethylpropane; and general references to butyl include n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.

[0014] Unless otherwise specified, the terms “contact” and “combination” are used herein to describe compositions and processes / methods in which materials or components are contacted or combined together in any order, in any manner, and for any duration. For example, materials or components may be blended, mixed, slurried, dissolved, reacted, treated, impregnated, compounded, or contacted or combined in some other manner or by any suitable method or technique.

[0015] The term "hydrocarbon" refers to a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen. Other identifiers may be used to indicate the presence of a specific group in a hydrocarbon (e.g., halohydrocarbons indicate the presence of one or more halogen atoms that replace an equal number of hydrogen atoms in the hydrocarbon).

[0016] The term "alkane" refers to a saturated hydrocarbon compound. Alkanes can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. Therefore, an alkane composition may contain straight-chain alkanes, or branched alkanes, or cyclic alkanes, or mixtures or combinations of straight-chain alkanes, branched alkanes, and cyclic alkanes.

[0017] The term "olefin" refers to a hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon double bond that is not part of an aromatic ring or aromatic ring system. Unless otherwise specified, the term "olefin" includes aliphatic and aromatic, cyclic and acyclic, and / or straight-chain and branched hydrocarbons having at least one carbon-carbon double bond that is not part of an aromatic ring or ring system. Olefins having only one, only two, or only three carbon-carbon double bonds can be identified by using the terms "single," "di," "tri," etc., in the name of the olefin. Olefins can be further identified by the position of the carbon-carbon double bond.

[0018] The term "α-olefin" refers to any olefin having a carbon-carbon double bond between the first and second carbon atoms in its longest continuous carbon chain. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the term "α-olefin" includes straight-chain and branched α-olefins and α-olefins that may have more than one non-aromatic carbon-carbon double bond. The term "n-α-olefin" refers to a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon monoolefin having a carbon-carbon double bond between the first and second carbon atoms. The term "linear intra-olefin" refers to a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon monoolefin having a double bond not between the first and second carbon atoms.

[0019] The term oligomer refers to a product containing 2 to 20 monomer units. The terms "oligomery product" and "oligomery product" include all products prepared by an "oligomery" process, including both "oligomers" and products that are not "oligomers" (e.g., products containing more than 20 monomer units, or solid polymers), but exclude other non-oligomery components in the oligomerization reactor effluent, such as unreacted monomers, organic reaction media, hydrogen, and other components. Oligomery products typically refer to compositions prior to hydrogenation. These terms may also be used herein to include homooligomers, cooligomers, etc.

[0020] "Polyalphaolefin" (PAO) is a mixture of hydrogenated (or alternatively, substantially saturated) oligomers containing units derived from alpha-olefin monomers. Unless otherwise specified, PAO may contain units derived from alpha-olefin monomer units that can be the same (hydrogenated or substantially saturated alpha-olefin homooligomers) or different (hydrogenated or substantially saturated alpha-olefin cooligomers). Generally, the alpha-olefin monomer used to produce polyalphaolefin can be any alpha-olefin monomer described herein. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the process used to produce PAO may leave a portion of the hydrogenated monomer (e.g., less than 1 wt% based on the total amount of PAO) remaining in the PAO, and this amount of hydrogenated monomer can be specified.

[0021] This invention discloses several types of scopes. When any type of scope is disclosed or claimed, it is intended to individually disclose or claim every possible number that such scope could reasonably cover, including the endpoints of the scope and any sub-scopes and combinations thereof covered therein. For example, when a chemical moiety having a certain number of carbon atoms is disclosed or claimed, it is intended to individually disclose or claim every possible number that such scope might cover, consistent with the disclosure herein. For example, as used herein, a compound is C 16 To C 24 The disclosure of alkanes, or in other words alkanes having 16 to 24 carbon atoms, refers to compounds that may have 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 carbon atoms, and any range of carbon atoms between these two numbers (e.g., C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 ... 16 To C 24 Alkanes), and also include any combination of carbon atoms (e.g., C10, C20, C30, C40, C50, C60, C7 ... 16 To C 18 and C 22 To C 24 Alkanes).

[0022] Similarly, C, which conforms to aspects of the present invention 16 Another representative example of the kinematic viscosity (KV40) of an alkane composition at 40°C is as follows. By disclosing that KV40 is in the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt, it is intended to state that KV40 can be any value within that range, and may include, for example, any range or combination of ranges from 2 to 3.6 cSt, such as 2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.2 to 3.6 cSt, 2.2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.2 cSt, 2.4 to 3 cSt, 2.6 to 3.2 cSt, 2.6 to 3 cSt, or 2.7 to 2.9 cSt. Similarly, all other ranges disclosed herein should be interpreted in a manner similar to these examples.

[0023] Generally, quantities, sizes, formulations, parameters, ranges, or other quantities or characteristics are expressed as “about” or “approximately”, whether or not explicitly stated. Claims include equivalents of quantities or characteristics, regardless of whether they are modified by the terms “about” or “approximately”.

[0024] Although any methods, apparatus, and materials similar to or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice or testing of this invention, typical methods, apparatus, and materials are described herein.

[0025] All publications and patents mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for the purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, the constructs and methods described in the publications and patents, which may be used in conjunction with the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This article discloses C 16 Alkane composition, C 24 Alkane compositions and mixtures of C 16 -C 24 Alkane compositions. These compositions can be derived from 1-octene dimers and trimers (and optionally tetramers), which are produced by oligomerization of 1-octene, followed by separation of one or more fractions with a specific carbon number, and then hydrogenation. Metallocene catalysts can be used as oligomerization catalysts to form 1-octene oligomers, although other catalyst systems may be employed.

[0027] One object of the present invention is to produce alkane compositions having a favorable combination of low viscosity and high flash point, particularly compared with conventional n-alkanes or polyalphaolefins (PAOs) of the same carbon number.

[0028] Another object of the present invention is to produce alkane compositions with a favorable combination of low viscosity and low pour point, particularly compared with conventional n-alkanes or polyalphaolefins (PAOs) of the same carbon number.

[0029] Another objective is to produce alkane compositions that retain the liquid phase over a wide range of temperature and storage conditions. For example, alkane compositions may have an advantageous combination of low pour point and high flash point, particularly compared to conventional n-alkanes or polyalphaolefins (PAOs) with the same number of carbon atoms.

[0030] Other benefits of the disclosed alkane compositions include high saturation, high oxidative stability and chemical inertness, high heat capacity, low electrical conductivity and low density (low specific gravity).

[0031] C 16 Alkane Composition The first alkane composition disclosed herein may contain at least 90% by weight of C. 16The first alkane composition is characterized by a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt, a kinematic viscosity (KV40) at 40°C in the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt, and a flash point in the range of 115 to 140°C and / or a pour point in the range of -60 to -30°C. In some aspects, the first composition may contain at least 92% by weight of C. 16 Alkanes, at least 95% by weight C 16 Alkanes, at least 97% by weight of C 16 Alkanes, at least 98% by weight C 16 Alkanes or at least 99% by weight of C 16 Alkanes. Therefore, C in the first composition 16 The illustrative and non-limiting ranges for the amount of alkanes may include 90 to 99.5% by weight, 92 to 99% by weight, 95 to 99.9% by weight, 97 to 99.5% by weight, 98 to 99.9% by weight, or 99 to 99.9% by weight, etc.

[0032] In other words, the first alkane composition may comprise a monomeric unit derived from 1-octene. The repeating unit of the first alkane composition may be predominantly a 1-octene monomeric unit. Therefore, the first alkane composition may comprise at least 90% by weight, and more typically, at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, or at least 98% by weight of 1-octene monomeric units. Thus, for example, the first alkane composition may comprise at least 99% by weight (or 100% by weight) of 1-octene monomeric units.

[0033] The first alkane composition has a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C that typically falls within the range of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt. For example, the first alkane composition may have a minimum KV100 of 0.9, 1, or 1.1 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV100 of the first alkane composition may be 1.5, 1.4, or 1.3 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the first alkane composition may range from any minimum KV100 disclosed herein to any maximum KV100 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the first alkane composition may include the following ranges: 1 to 1.5 cSt, 1 to 1.4 cSt, 1 to 1.3 cSt, 1.1 to 1.5 cSt, 1.1 to 1.4 cSt, or 1.1 to 1.3 cSt. KV100 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0034] The kinematic viscosity (KV40) of the first alkane composition at 40°C may fall within the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt. For example, the first alkane composition may have a minimum KV40 of 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, or 2.7 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV40 of the first alkane composition may be 3.6, 3.4, 3.2, 3, or 2.9 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity of the first alkane composition at 40°C may be in the range of any minimum KV40 disclosed herein to any maximum KV40 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of the kinematic viscosity of the first alkane composition at 40°C may include the following ranges: 2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.2 to 3.6 cSt, 2.2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.2 cSt, 2.4 to 3 cSt, 2.4 to 3 cSt, 2.6 to 3.2 cSt, 2.6 to 3 cSt, or 2.7 to 2.9 cSt. KV40 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0035] The flash point of the first alkane composition typically ranges from 115 to 140 °C. For example, the minimum flash point of the first alkane composition may be 115, 120, or 125 °C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum flash point may be 140, 135, or 130 °C. Generally, the flash point of the first alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum flash point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum flash point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of the flash point of the first alkane composition may include the following ranges: 115 to 135 °C, 115 to 130 °C, 120 to 140 °C, 120 to 135 °C, 120 to 130 °C, 125 to 135 °C, or 125 to 130 °C. The flash point is determined according to ASTM D92.

[0036] The pour point of the first alkane composition typically falls within the range of -60 to -30°C. For example, the minimum pour point of the first alkane composition may be -60, -55, or -50°C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum pour point may be -30, -35, or -40°C. Generally, the pour point of the first alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum pour point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum pour point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of the pour point of the first alkane composition may include the following ranges: -60 to -35°C, -60 to -40°C, -55 to -30°C, -55 to -35°C, -55 to -40°C, -50 to -30°C, -50 to -35°C, or -50 to -40°C. The pour point is determined according to ASTM D5950.

[0037] Although not limited thereto, the first alkane composition generally has a density in the range of 0.773 to 0.782 g / cc at 15°C. In one aspect, the first alkane composition may have a minimum density of 0.773, 0.774, 0.775, 0.776, or 0.777 g / cc; additionally or alternatively, the maximum density of the first alkane composition may be 0.782, 0.781, 0.780, 0.779, or 0.778 g / cc. Generally, the density of the first alkane composition at 15°C can range from any minimum density disclosed herein to any maximum density disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the density of the first alkane composition at 15°C may include the following ranges: 0.774 to 0.781 g / cc, 0.775 to 0.780 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.779 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.778 g / cc, 0.777 to 0.779 g / cc, or 0.777 to 0.778 g / cc. The density is determined according to ASTM D4052.

[0038] C 24 Alkane Composition The second alkane composition disclosed herein may contain at least 90% by weight of C. 24 The second alkane composition is characterized by a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C in the range of 2 to 3 cSt, a kinematic viscosity (KV40) at 40°C in the range of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt, and a flash point in the range of 185 to 215°C and / or a pour point in the range of -95 to -70°C. In some aspects, the second composition may contain at least 92% by weight of C. 24 Alkanes, at least 95% by weight C 24 Alkanes, at least 97% by weight of C 24 Alkanes, at least 98% by weight C 24 Alkanes or at least 99% by weight of C 24 Alkanes. Therefore, C in the second composition 24 The illustrative and non-limiting ranges for the amount of alkanes may include 90 to 99.5% by weight, 92 to 99% by weight, 95 to 99.9% by weight, 97 to 99.5% by weight, 98 to 99.9% by weight, or 99 to 99.9% by weight, etc.

[0039] In other words, the second alkane composition may comprise a monomeric unit derived from 1-octene. The repeating unit of the second alkane composition may be predominantly a 1-octene monomeric unit. Therefore, the second alkane composition may comprise at least 90% by weight, and more typically, at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, or at least 98% by weight of 1-octene monomeric units. Thus, for example, the second alkane composition may comprise at least 99% by weight (or 100% by weight) of 1-octene monomeric units.

[0040] The second alkane composition has a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C that typically falls within the range of 2 to 3 cSt. For example, the second alkane composition may have a minimum KV100 of 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, or 2.4 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV100 of the second alkane composition may be 3, 2.9, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, or 2.5 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the second alkane composition can range from any minimum KV100 disclosed herein to any maximum KV100 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the second alkane composition may include the following ranges: 2.1 to 2.9 cSt, 2.2 to 2.8 cSt, 2.3 to 2.7 cSt, 2.3 to 2.6 cSt, 2.3 to 2.5 cSt, 2.4 to 2.7 cSt, 2.4 to 2.6 cSt, or 2.4 to 2.5 cSt. KV100 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0041] The kinematic viscosity (KV40) of the second alkane composition at 40°C can fall within the range of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt. For example, the second alkane composition may have a minimum KV40 of 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, or 8.6 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV40 of the second alkane composition may be 9.7, 9.6, 9.5, 9.4, 9.3, 9.2, 9.1, 9, 8.9, or 8.8 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity of the second alkane composition at 40°C can range from any minimum KV40 disclosed herein to any maximum KV40 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the kinematic viscosity of the second alkane composition at 40°C may include the following ranges: 7.8 to 9.6 cSt, 7.9 to 9.5 cSt, 8 to 9.4 cSt, 8.1 to 9.3 cSt, 8.2 to 9.2 cSt, 8.3 to 9.1 cSt, 8.4 to 9 cSt, 8.5 to 8.9 cSt, or 8.6 to 8.8 cSt. KV40 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0042] The flash point of a second alkane composition typically ranges from 185 to 215 °C. For example, the minimum flash point of a second alkane composition may be 185, 188, 190, 192, or 194 °C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum flash point may be 215, 205, 202, 200, or 198 °C. Generally, the flash point of a second alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum flash point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum flash point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of flash points for second alkane compositions may include the following ranges: 185 to 205 °C, 185 to 200 °C, 188 to 202 °C, 190 to 215 °C, 190 to 205 °C, 192 to 200 °C, or 194 to 198 °C. Flash point is determined according to ASTM D92.

[0043] The pour point of a second alkane composition typically falls within the range of -95 to -70°C. For example, the minimum pour point of a second alkane composition may be -95, -90, -88, or -85°C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum pour point may be -70, -75, -78, or -80°C. Generally, the pour point of a second alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum pour point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum pour point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the pour point of a second alkane composition may include the following ranges: -90 to -70°C, -90 to -75°C, -88 to -75°C, -88 to -78°C, or -85 to -80°C. The pour point is determined according to ASTM D5950.

[0044] Although not limited thereto, the second alkane composition typically has a density in the range of 0.799 to 0.808 g / cc at 15°C. In one aspect, the second alkane composition may have a minimum density of 0.799, 0.800, 0.801, 0.802, or 0.803 g / cc; additionally or alternatively, the maximum density of the second alkane composition may be 0.808, 0.807, 0.806, 0.805, or 0.804 g / cc. Generally, the density of the first alkane composition at 15°C can range from any minimum density disclosed herein to any maximum density disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the density of the second alkane composition at 15°C may include the following ranges: 0.799 to 0.808 g / cc, 0.800 to 0.807 g / cc, 0.801 to 0.806 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.804 g / cc, 0.803 to 0.805 g / cc, or 0.803 to 0.804 g / cc. The density is determined according to ASTM D4052.

[0045] C 16 -C 24 Alkane Composition The third alkane compositions disclosed herein may contain (a) 5 to 95% by weight of C 16 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) and (b) 95 to 5% by weight of C 24 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), and these weight percentages are based on C. 16 Alkanes and C 24 The total weight of alkanes. For example, a third alkane composition may have a minimum amount of C 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, or 50% by weight. 16 Alkanes; additionally or alternatively, C in the third alkane composition 16 The maximum amount of alkanes can be 95, 90, 85, 75, or 65% by weight. Generally, the C20% in a third alkane composition is... 16 The amount of alkanes can range from any minimum amount disclosed herein to any maximum amount disclosed herein. Therefore, the C in the third alkane composition... 16 Suitable non-limiting ranges for the amount of alkanes may include the following: 10 to 90 wt%, 50 to 90 wt%, 15 to 85 wt%, 50 to 85 wt%, 25 to 75 wt%, or 35 to 65 wt% of C. 16 Alkanes. As mentioned above, these weight percentages are based on C20. 16 Alkanes and C 24 Total weight of alkanes.

[0046] Alternatively or additionally, based on the total weight of the composition, the third alkane composition may contain (a) 40 to 90% by weight of C 16 (b) Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) and 10 to 60% by weight of C 24 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer). Based on the total weight of the composition, the C content of the third alkane composition is... 16 Other suitable amounts of alkanes may include, but are not limited to, 50 to 85% by weight, 55 to 95% by weight, or 58 to 80% by weight of C. 16 Alkanes. Additionally or alternatively, based on the total weight of the composition, the C3 in the third alkane composition... 24 Other suitable amounts of alkanes may include, but are not limited to, 10 to 50% by weight, 10 to 30% by weight, or 14 to 30% by weight of C. 24 Alkanes. As will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, the sum of these and other components does not exceed 100% by weight.

[0047] Optionally, the third alkane composition may also contain (c) C 32 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene tetramer). When present, the C content in the third composition is [value missing] based on the total weight of the composition. 32 The amount of alkanes can range from 0.5% to 20% by weight of C. 32Within the range of alkanes. In the third alkane composition, C 32 Other suitable amounts of alkanes may include, but are not limited to, 1 to 12% by weight, 1 to 9% by weight, or 2 to 8% by weight of C. 32 Alkanes. These weight percentages are based on the total weight of the third alkane composition.

[0048] The third alkane composition has a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C that typically falls within the range of 1 to 2.9 cSt. For example, the third alkane composition may have a minimum KV100 of 1, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.3 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV100 of the third alkane composition may be 2.9, 2.5, 2, or 1.6 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the third alkane composition can range from any minimum KV100 disclosed herein to any maximum KV100 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the third alkane composition may include the following ranges: 1 to 2.9 cSt, 1 to 2.5 cSt, 1 to 2 cSt, 1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.1 to 2.5 cSt, 1.1 to 2 cSt, 1.1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.2 to 2.5 cSt, 1.2 to 2 cSt, 1.3 to 2.9 cSt, or 1.3 to 2.5 cSt. KV100 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0049] The kinematic viscosity (KV40) of the third alkane composition at 40°C may fall within the range of 2 to 9.5 cSt. For example, the third alkane composition may have a minimum KV40 of 2, 2.5, 3, or 4 cSt; additionally or alternatively, the maximum KV40 of the third alkane composition may be 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7, 6, 5, or 4 cSt. Generally, the kinematic viscosity of the third alkane composition at 40°C may range from any minimum KV40 disclosed herein to any maximum KV40 disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of the kinematic viscosity of the third alkane composition at 40°C may include the following ranges: 2 to 9.5 cSt, 2 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 7 cSt, 2.5 to 5 cSt, 2.5 to 4 cSt, 3 to 8 cSt, 3 to 6 cSt, 4 to 9 cSt, or 4 to 6 cSt. KV40 is determined according to ASTM D7042-04.

[0050] The flash point of a third alkane composition typically ranges from 100 to 200 °C. For example, the minimum flash point of a third alkane composition may be 100, 120, 130, or 140 °C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum flash point may be 200, 190, 180, 160, or 150 °C. Generally, the flash point of a third alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum flash point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum flash point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges of flash points for third alkane compositions may include the following ranges: 100 to 200 °C, 100 to 150 °C, 120 to 180 °C, 120 to 160 °C, 130 to 190 °C, 130 to 160 °C, or 140 to 180 °C. Flash point is determined according to ASTM D92.

[0051] The pour point of a third alkane composition typically falls within the range of -85 to -35°C. For example, the minimum pour point of a third alkane composition may be -85, -80, -75, or -70°C; additionally or alternatively, the maximum pour point may be -35, -40, or -45°C. Generally, the pour point of a third alkane composition may be within the range of any minimum pour point temperature disclosed herein to any maximum pour point temperature disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the pour point of a third alkane composition may include the following ranges: -85 to -35°C, -80 to -40°C, -75 to -40°C, -75 to -45°C, or -70 to -45°C. The pour point is determined according to ASTM D5950.

[0052] Although not limited thereto, third alkane compositions generally have a density in the range of 0.776 to 0.805 g / cc at 15°C. In one aspect, the third alkane composition may have a minimum density of 0.776, 0.778, or 0.780 g / cc; additionally or alternatively, the maximum density of the third alkane composition may be 0.805, 0.803, 0.800, 0.795, or 0.790 g / cc. Generally, the density of the third alkane composition at 15°C can range from any minimum density disclosed herein to any maximum density disclosed herein. Therefore, suitable non-limiting ranges for the density of the third alkane composition at 15°C may include the following ranges: 0.776 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.790 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.800 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.795 g / cc, or 0.780 to 0.790 g / cc. The density is determined according to ASTM D4052.

[0053] fluid composition Fluid compositions are also covered herein. Such fluid compositions may comprise any alkane composition described herein and additives (one additive, two or more additives). For example, in one aspect, the fluid composition may comprise a first C 16 Alkane compositions and additives (one additive, two or more additives). On the other hand, fluid compositions may contain a second C 24 Alkane compositions and additives (one additive, two or more additives). In another aspect, the fluid composition may contain a third C. 16 -C 24 Alkane compositions and additives (one additive, two or more additives).

[0054] In addition to alkane compositions, fluid compositions may contain any suitable amount of a single additive or any suitable amount of two or more additives. As will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art, specific additives (or additives) may be included to impart specific properties to the fluid composition (or alkane composition), depending, of course, on the end application of the fluid composition (or alkane composition). Illustrative and non-limiting examples of suitable additives may include anti-wear additives, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers / reducers, detergents, demulsifiers, defoamers, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors / corrosion inhibitors, metal passivators, pour point depressants, or thickeners. Any combination of two or more of these additives may also be present.

[0055] For additives that can be used with alkane compositions and are present in fluid compositions, general information on additives that may be used herein can be found in “Lubricants and Lubrications,” edited by T. Mang and W. Dresel, Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim (2001); “Lubrication Fundamentals,” 2nd ed., Revised and Expanded, ExxonMobil Lubricants and Specialties, DM Pirro, AA Wessol, CRCPress 2001; “Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance, and Testing,” edited by George E. Totten, Steven R. Westbrook, Rajesh J. Shah, ASTM (2003), ISBN 0-8031-2096-6; Chapter 9 Additives and AdditiveChemistry, pp. 199-248, “Lubricants and Related Products,” Klamann, VerlagChemie, Deerfield Beach, FL, ISBN 0-89573-177-0; “Lubricant Additives”, MWRanney, published by Noyes Data Corporation, Parkridge, NJ (1973); and “Lubricant Additives”, CV Smallheer and RK Smith, published by the Lezius-Hiles Co., Cleveland, OH (1967).

[0056] Viscosity index improvers (also known as viscosity modifiers and viscosity adjusters) provide high-temperature and low-temperature operability for fluid compositions. These additives impart shear stability at high temperatures and acceptable viscosity at low temperatures. Suitable viscosity index improvers may include high molecular weight hydrocarbons, olefin polymers and copolymers, polyesters, and viscosity index improver dispersants that function as both viscosity index improvers and dispersants. Viscosity index improvers can have molecular weights in the ranges of 10,000 Da to 1,000,000 Da, 20,000 Da to 500,000 Da, or 50,000 Da to 200,000 Da.

[0057] Viscosity index improvers may include polymers and copolymers of methacrylates, butadiene, olefins, or alkylated styrene. Exemplary viscosity index improvers include, but are not limited to, copolymers of polyisobutylene, ethylene and propylene, hydrogenated block copolymers of styrene and isoprene, polyacrylates (e.g., polymers and / or copolymers of various long-chain acrylates), and polymethacrylates (e.g., polymers and / or copolymers of various long-chain alkyl methacrylates). Generally, viscosity index improvers may be used in amounts from 0.01% to 6% by weight, 0.01% to 5% by weight, or 0.01% to 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

[0058] Dispersants are additives used to keep oxidation products (generated during the use of a fluid composition) suspended in the fluid composition to prevent debris buildup, deposit formation, and to inhibit corrosive wear and other types of damage by neutralizing acidic products (e.g., combustion products), which can scratch bearings and clog lubricant passages. Dispersants can be ash-containing or ashless depending on their nature. Dispersants may include, but are not limited to, alkenyl succinic acids or anhydride derivatives (e.g., succinimides, succinates, or succinate amides), phenolates, Mannich-base condensates (e.g., condensation products of alkylphenols, amines, and aldehydes), hydrocarbon-substituted amines, sulfonates, sulfurized phenolates, salicylates, naphthenates, stearates, carbamates, thiocarbamates, and phosphorus derivatives in metallic and non-metallic forms. Suitable dispersants may contain a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain, wherein the polar group contains at least one element selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus. Patents describing dispersants that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,036,003; 3,087,936; 3,172,892; 3,200,107; 3,219,666; 3,254,025; 3,272,746; 3,275,554; 3,322,670; 3,329,658; 3,316,177; 3,438,757; 3,341,542; 3,413,347; 3,438,757; 3,444,170; 3,449,250; 3,454,555; 3,454,607; 3,519,565; 3,541,012; 3,565,804; and 3,630. 904; 3,632,511; 3,652,616; 3,666,730; 3,687,849; 3,697,574; 3,702,300; 3,703,536; 3,704,308; 3,725,277; 3,725,480; 3,726,882; 3,751,365; 3,75 5,433; 3,756,953; 3,787,374; 3,798,165; 3,803,039; 3,822,209; 3,948,800; 4,100,082; 4,234,435; 4,426,305; 4,454,059; 4,767,551; and 5,705,458, etc. Generally, based on the total weight of the fluid composition, the dispersant can be used in amounts from 0.1% to 18% by weight, 0.1% to 15% by weight, or 0.1% to 8% by weight.

[0059] Detergents are additives used to maintain overall cleanliness by keeping sludge, carbon, and deposit precursors suspended in a fluid composition. Many detergents are chemically similar to dispersants. Detergents that can be used in fluid compositions may include sulfates, sulfonates, phenolates, carboxylates, phosphates, carboxylic acids, and salicylates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. For example, suitable detergents may include, but are not limited to, sulfonated alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and sulfurized alkylphenols treated with alkaline earth metal hydroxides or oxides (e.g., CaO, Ca(OH)₂, BaO, Ba(OH)₂, MgO, or Mg(OH)₂). Sulfonated alkyl aromatic compounds may be produced by sulfonation of C9 to C9... 80 (or C6 to C) 60 The preparation of sulfonic acids from alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (having one or more alkyl groups), wherein the alkyl groups may independently be C3 to C4. 70 The alkyl group, and the aromatic moiety may be benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, or biphenyl. Alkylphenols and / or sulfurized alkylphenols may have one or more C4 to C5 groups. 30 Alkyl groups. The detergent used in the fluid composition may be neutral (i.e., produced using only a base or alkaline earth compound sufficient to neutralize the sulfonated alkyl aromatic compound, alkylphenol, or sulfurized alkylphenol) or excessively alkaline (i.e., produced using more base or alkaline earth compound than is required to neutralize the sulfonated alkyl aromatic compound, alkylphenol, or sulfurized alkylphenol). Generally, the detergent may be used in amounts from 0.01% to 6.0% by weight, 0.05% to 5.0% by weight, or 0.1% to 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

[0060] Defoamers (or antifoaming agents) are additives used to delay the formation of stable foam in fluid compositions. Defoamers that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, organosilicon compounds (e.g., polysiloxanes, such as silicone oils or polydimethylsiloxanes, etc.) and organic polymers. Defoamers can be used in combination with demulsifiers. Generally, the maximum amount of defoamer can be 1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, or 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

[0061] Antioxidants are additives used to delay the oxidative degradation of alkanes or other oils in fluid compositions. Oxidative degradation can produce deposits, sludge, and / or increase the viscosity of fluid compositions on metal surfaces. Antioxidants that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, hindered phenols (ashless); neutral or basic metal salts of hindered phenols; hindered phenolic carboxylic acid (e.g., propionic acid) ester derivatives; bis-hindered phenols; alkylated and non-alkylated aromatic amines; sulfurized alkylphenols; alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of sulfurized alkylphenols; dialkylthio or dithiophosphate copper; copper salts of carboxylic acids (natural or synthetic); and copper salts of dithiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate, sulfonic acids, phenols, acetylacetonate, and alkenyl succinic acid or anhydrides (neutral, basic, or acidic). Patents describing antioxidants that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, U.S. Patents 4,798,684 and 5,084,197. Generally, antioxidants can be used in amounts of 0.01% to 5% by weight, 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, or 0.01% to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the fluid composition.

[0062] Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives are compounds used to reduce friction and wear on metal parts. Anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, metal alkyl thiophosphates (e.g., having C1 to C2). 18 Alkyl thiophosphonate zinc (alkyl group), metal dialkyl dithiophosphate (e.g., having C1 to C1), 18 Alkyl thiophosphonate zinc (alkyl group), sulfurized C3 to C 30Aliphatic or aryl aliphatic hydrocarbons (acyclic or cyclic), polysulfides of thiophosphates, polysulfides of thiophosphate esters, thiophosphoryl disulfides, combinations of alkyl thiocarbamoyl compounds (e.g., bis(dibutyl)thiocarbamoyl) with molybdenum compounds (e.g., diisopropyl dithiophosphoric acid molybdenum sulfide) and phospholipids (e.g., dibutyl hydrogen phosphite), thiocarbamates, thiocarbamate / molybdenum complexes (e.g., molybdenum-thioalkyl dithiocarbamate trimer complexes), and / or glycerides (e.g., monooleate, dioleate, and trioleate, monopalmitate, and monomyristate). Patents describing anti-wear additives and / or extreme pressure additives that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, U.S. Patent Nos. 2,443,264; 2,471,115; 2,526,497; 2,591,577; 3,770,854; 4,501,678; 4,941,984; 5,034,141; 5,034,142; 5,084,197; and 5,693,598. Generally, the total amount of anti-wear additives and extreme pressure additives used in the fluid composition can be from 0.01% to 8% by weight, 0.01% to 5% by weight, or 0.01% to 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In one aspect, the anti-wear additive is phosphorus-based.

[0063] Rust inhibitors are additives that protect lubricated metal surfaces from chemical corrosion by water or other contaminants. Rust inhibitors can function by: 1) wetting the metal surface with an oil film, 2) absorbing water into a water-in-oil emulsion, and / or 3) adhering to the metal to form a non-reactive surface, and other potential modes of action. Rust inhibitors that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, zinc dithiophosphate, metal phenolates, basic metal sulfonates, fatty acids, and amines. Generally, the amount of rust inhibitor used in a fluid composition can be from 0.01% to 5% by weight, 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, or 0.01% to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0064] Corrosion inhibitors are additives that reduce the degradation of metal parts in contact with a fluid composition. Corrosion inhibitors that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, thiadiazoles and triazoles. Patents describing corrosion inhibitors that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, U.S. Patent Nos. 2,719,125; 2,719,126; and 3,087,932. Generally, the amount of corrosion inhibitor used in the fluid composition can be from 0.01 wt% to 5 wt%, 0.01 wt% to 2.5 wt%, or 0.01 wt% to 1.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. Corrosion inhibitors can also improve wear resistance and EP properties.

[0065] Pour point depressants are additives that lower the minimum temperature at which a fluid composition will flow or pour. Pour point depressants that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, condensation products of haloparaffins and aromatic compounds, vinyl carboxylate polymers, and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, and allyl vinyl ethers. Patents describing pour point depressants that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, U.S. Patent Nos. 1,815,022; 2,015,748; 2,191,498; 2,387,501; 2,655,479; 2,666,746; 2,721,877; 2,721,878; and 3,250,715. Generally, the amount of pour point depressant used in a fluid composition can be from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, 0.01% by weight to 2.5% by weight, or 0.01% by weight to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0066] Sealing compatibility additives are compounds that cause elastomeric seals to swell and function by inducing a chemical reaction in a fluid or a physical change in the sealing elastomer. Sealing compatibility additives that can be used in fluid compositions include, but are not limited to, organophosphates, aromatic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters (e.g., butyl benzyl phthalate), and polybutenyl succinic anhydride. Generally, the amount of sealing compatibility additive used in the fluid composition can be from 0.01% to 3% by weight, 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, or 0.01% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0067] If desired, the alkane composition may be combined with one or more other base oils to form a fluid composition. One base oil may be used, or two or more different base oils may be used. Generally, when a base oil is present in the fluid composition, but not specifically limited thereto, the amount of base oil (or total base oil, if two or more are present) in the fluid composition is in the range of 1 to 45% by weight; alternatively, 5 to 40% by weight; alternatively, 5 to 25% by weight; or alternatively, 10 to 30% by weight.

[0068] In one respect, the base oil may be a Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, or Group V base oil, and any combination thereof. These base oil classes are those specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API). In another respect, the base oil may be a polyalphaolefin (i.e., a polyalphaolefin other than the alkane compositions described herein), a GTL fluid, or a combination thereof. Additional information regarding GTL fluids that may optionally be used in the fluid compositions disclosed herein can be found in “GTL – an emerging route to clean fuels and products,” Hydrocarbon Asia, November / December 2003, pp. 44–49; “Shell gas-to-liquid (GTL) base oil converting natural gas-to-base oils for lubricants,” Shell Lubricants; and “The Shell GTL Process: Towards a World Scale Project in Qatar: the Pearl Project,” DGMK-Conference, Synthesis Gas Chemistry, October 4–6, 2006, Dresden.

[0069] The alkane compositions disclosed herein and the fluid compositions derived therefrom can be used in a wide variety of formulations or products in numerous applications and industries. As a non-limiting example, the fluid composition can be a lubricant composition, and this lubricant composition can be used in transmission or drivetrain fluids, including fluids or lubricants for transmissions (e.g., manual / clutch transmissions and automatic transmissions for automobiles and trucks / buses, agricultural machinery transmissions), gearboxes (e.g., gears for automobiles and trucks / buses, agricultural machinery gears), axle assemblies (e.g., transmission drive axles, drive shafts), differentials, and related hydraulic fluids (e.g., for agricultural equipment and construction vehicles); engine oils (e.g., for internal combustion engines such as gasoline or diesel or hybrid engines) in automobiles, trucks / buses, agricultural equipment, aircraft, etc.; and greases (e.g., for any vehicle application, such as automobiles, trucks / buses, agricultural equipment, aircraft). As another non-limiting example, the fluid composition can be an immersion coolant composition.

[0070] Catalyst systems and oligomerization processes Low-viscosity PAO or alkane compositions conforming to aspects of this invention can be produced using any suitable catalyst system. Illustrative examples of catalyst systems that can be used to produce the disclosed compositions may contain BF3; alkylaluminum, alkylaluminum halides, aluminum trihalides, or any combination thereof; supported metal oxides; acidic ionic liquids; metallocene compounds; clay, acidic clay, or acid-washed clay; or acidic ion exchange resins. Representative catalysts are described, for example, in US 2020 / 0207682 A1.

[0071] A representative process for producing alkane compositions may include contacting an olefin feedstock containing at least 98 wt% C8 olefin (e.g., 95+ wt% 1-octene) with a suitable catalyst system (e.g., a metallocene-based catalyst system) under oligomerization conditions to form an oligomer product, and using one or more separation steps to separate C8 olefins from the oligomer product. 16 olefin products (or C) 24 olefin products, or mixed C 16 -C 24 (olefin products), and hydrogenate the corresponding olefin products to produce C 16 Alkane composition (or C 24 Alkane compositions, or mixtures of C 16 -C 24 (Alkane compositions). Unreacted 1-octene monomers can also be separated and recycled.

[0072] Any suitable oligomerization temperature, oligomerization reaction pressure, hydrogen partial pressure (if used), oligomerization reaction vessel (or multiple vessels), catalyst system, catalyst deactivation technique, separation technique (e.g., flash evaporation, distillation, etc.), and hydrogenation process and catalyst can be used. These are illustrated in representative U.S. patents 8,536,391, 9,334,203, 9,745,230, 9,266,793, and 9,708,549.

[0073] Example The present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Various other aspects, embodiments, modifications, and equivalents will arise in those skilled in the art upon reading this description without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

[0074] Kinematic viscosity at 100°C and 40°C was determined using an Anton Paar SVM 3001 automated kinematic viscometer according to ASTM D7042-04 (Stabinger viscometer method) at the corresponding temperatures, and results are reported in centistokes (cSt). Pour point is a measure of the temperature at which the sample will begin to flow under carefully controlled conditions. Pour point was determined using a CPP 5Gs automated turbidity and pour point analyzer according to ASTM D5950 (automated tilt method), and results are reported in °C. Flash point was determined using a PAC Herzog OptiFlash Cleveland Open Cup instrument according to ASTM D92 (but with an electric ignition source instead of a gas flame), and results are reported in °C. Density was determined according to ASTM D4052. Thermal conductivity was obtained using a Flucon thermal conductivity meter according to ASTM D7896-19.

[0075] Example 1 is a distilled C8 dimer fraction separated from the product of a metallocene-catalyzed 1-octene oligomerization reaction, which was then hydrogenated to form C8. 16 Alkane composition. Example 1 contains about 95-98% by weight of hydrogenated 1-octene dimer (and about 95-98% by weight of C). 16 Alkanes).

[0076] Example 2 is a distilled C8 trimer fraction separated from the product of a metallocene-catalyzed 1-octene oligomerization reaction, which was then hydrogenated to form C8 trimer. 24 Alkane composition. Example 2 contains about 95-98% by weight of hydrogenated 1-octene trimer (and about 95-98% by weight of C). 24 Alkanes).

[0077] Example 3 is a mixture of C8 oligomers isolated from the products of a metallocene-catalyzed 1-octene oligomerization reaction, which was then hydrogenated to form C8 oligomers. 16 -C 24 Alkane compositions (having some C 32 Alkanes).

[0078] To fractionate a sample of the metallocene-catalyzed 1-octene oligomerization product, a BR Instrument D2892 crude oil distillation system was used. The vacuum was set to 10 Torr, and the heater was set to 100% until 95°C, at which point the heater was reduced to 65%. Distillation was stopped after all light components had been distilled (approximately 1-2% of the total volume). Further distillation was used to separate C. 16 and C 24 Fraction. In this case, the vacuum is set to 10 Torr and the heater is set to 100% until 95°C, at which point the heater is reduced to 65%. When the top temperature of the column is in the range of 142-162°C, C is collected. 16Distillate. When the temperature at the top of the column is in the range of 215-235℃, C is collected. 24 Fractions. GC analysis was used to confirm the cleanliness of the sample fractionation.

[0079] The sample was hydrogenated in a Zipperclave reactor using 6% by weight of Johnson Matthey HTC Ni 500 hydrogenation catalyst at 900 psig H2 and 200 °C for 6 hours. Complete hydrogenation of the fraction was confirmed by testing the alkane composition sample using a bromine index test.

[0080] Comparative Example 4 (Example C4) is a nominal 2 cSt (KV100) PAO (PAO 2) based on 1-decene dimer. Comparative Example 5 (Example C5) is a nominal 2.5 cSt (KV100) PAO (PAO 2.5) based on 1-dodecene dimer. Comparative Example 6 (Example C6) is hexadecane (C 16 Alkanes).

[0081] The features of these embodiments are summarized in Table 1. First, refer to Embodiment 1, C... 16 The alkane composition, with respect to Example C4 (C 10 Compared to the dimer (PAO 2), Example 1 advantageously has lower viscosity (KV100 and KV40) and significantly lower density. Compared to Example C6 (hexadecane), which has the same carbon number and comparable viscosity, Example 1 has a much lower pour point, thus indicating that the composition of Example 1 will remain in the liquid phase over a much wider temperature range than Example C6. Example 1 contains about 5% by weight of C8 or C9. 24 Under these conditions, the typical values ​​for KV100 (cSt) are 1.1-1.22, KV40 (cSt) are 2.6-3.0, the density (g / cc) at 15°C is 0.776-0.779, the pour point (°C) is -42 to -47, and the flash point (°C) is 120-130.

[0082] Now refer to Example 2, C 24 The alkane composition, with respect to Example C5 (C 12 Compared to the dimer (PAO 2.5), Example 2 has a similar combination of viscosity and a more advantageous lower density. Surprisingly, at the same carbon number, Example 2 also has a lower pour point and a higher flash point compared to Example C5, thus indicating that Example 2 will remain in the liquid phase over a much wider temperature range than Example C5. Also surprisingly, Example 2 has a lower pour point and a higher flash point compared to Example C4 (C... 10 The dimer (PAO2) has a lower pour point and a higher flash point compared to other dimers. Example 2 contains approximately 5% by weight of C. 16 Or C 32Under these conditions, the typical values ​​for KV100 (cSt) are 2.35-2.55, KV40 (cSt) are 8.2-9.1, the density (g / cc) at 15°C is 0.802-0.804, the pour point (°C) is -76 to -86, and the flash point (°C) is 188-198.

[0083] Now refer to Example 3, C 16 -C 24 The alkane composition, with respect to Example C4 (C 10 Compared to the dimer (PAO 2), Example 3 advantageously exhibits lower viscosity (KV100 and KV40) and significantly lower density. Depending on the relevant amounts of dimer, trimer, and tetramer, the pour point and flash point of the alkane composition of Example 3 are close to those of Example C4 (C 10 The value of dimer (PAO 2).

[0084] Table 2 summarizes eighteen (18) different C 16 -C 24 (and some C) 32 The compositional breakdown of olefin compositions (labeled A to R) refers to mixtures of C8 oligomers isolated from the metallocene-catalyzed 1-octene oligomerization reaction products but prior to hydrogenation (e.g., as in Example 3). For these 18 experiments, the dimer (C... 16 The content of olefins is in the range of 63-82% by weight, and the content of trimer (C) is in the range of 63-82% by weight. 24 The olefin content is in the range of 12-27% by weight, and the tetramer (C 32 The olefin content is in the range of 1-6% by weight. In these examples, the dimers, trimers, and tetramers comprise about 94-99% by weight of the composition. The remainder is predominantly composed of... <C 14 Hydrocarbons, including residual 1-octene (monomer) reactants. Depends on the relative dimer (C... 16 olefins) and trimers (C 24 The olefin content, KV100, KV40, density, pour point, and flash point values ​​were effectively within the ranges of those in Examples 1 and 2. The weight percentages in Table 2 were determined by gas chromatography with a mass detector, specifically a 7890A / 5979C GCMS equipped with a ZB-5HT Inferno30M x 250µm x 0.10µm column, at a flow rate of 1 mL / min, held at 35°C for 10 min, then increased to 380°C at 20°C / min, and held for 3 min.

[0085] Table 1. Characteristics of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples C4-C6.

[0086] *Literature Melting Point Table 2. C of the AR example 16 -C 32 The content of oligomer products in the olefin composition.

[0087] The invention has been described above with reference to various aspects, embodiments, and specific examples. Many variations will occur to those skilled in the art based on the above detailed description. All such apparent variations are within the full scope of the appended claims. Other aspects of the invention may include, but are not limited to, the following (aspects are described as “comprising”, but alternatively, may be “substantially composed of” or “consisting of”): Aspect 1. An alkane composition comprising at least 90% by weight (or at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, at least 98% by weight, or at least 99% by weight) C 16 The alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) is characterized by: a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt (KV100), a kinematic viscosity at 40°C in the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt (KV40), a flash point in the range of 115 to 140°C, and / or a pour point in the range of -60 to -30°C.

[0088] Aspect 2. The composition as defined in aspect 1, wherein the KV100 (kinematic viscosity at 100°C) is in any range disclosed herein, such as 1 to 1.5 cSt, 1 to 1.4 cSt, 1 to 1.3 cSt, 1.1 to 1.5 cSt, 1.1 to 1.4 cSt or 1.1 to 1.3 cSt.

[0089] Aspect 3. The composition as defined in aspect 1 or 2, wherein the KV40 (kinematic viscosity at 40°C) is in any range disclosed herein, such as 2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.2 to 3.6 cSt, 2.2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.2 cSt, 2.4 to 3 cSt, 2.6 to 3.2 cSt, 2.6 to 3 cSt, or 2.7 to 2.9 cSt.

[0090] Aspect 4. The composition as defined in any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flash point is in any range disclosed herein, such as 115 to 135°C, 115 to 130°C, 120 to 140°C, 120 to 135°C, 120 to 130°C, 125 to 135°C, or 125 to 130°C.

[0091] Aspect 5. The composition as defined in any of the preceding aspects, wherein the pour point is within any range disclosed herein, such as -60 to -35°C, -60 to -40°C, -55 to -30°C, -55 to -35°C, -55 to -40°C, -50 to -30°C, -50 to -35°C, or -50 to -40°C.

[0092] Aspect 6. The composition as defined in any of the preceding aspects, wherein the composition is further characterized by a density at 15°C within any range disclosed herein, for example, 0.773 to 0.782 g / cc, 0.774 to 0.781 g / cc, 0.775 to 0.780 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.779 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.778 g / cc, 0.777 to 0.779 g / cc or 0.777 to 0.778 g / cc.

[0093] Aspect 7. An alkane composition comprising at least 90% by weight (or at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, at least 98% by weight, or at least 99% by weight) C. 24 The alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer) is characterized by: a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of 2 to 3 cSt (KV100), a kinematic viscosity at 40°C in the range of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt (KV40), a flash point in the range of 185 to 215°C, and / or a pour point in the range of -95 to -70°C.

[0094] Aspect 8. The composition as defined in aspect 7, wherein the KV100 (kinematic viscosity at 100°C) is in any range disclosed herein, such as 2.1 to 2.9 cSt, 2.2 to 2.8 cSt, 2.3 to 2.7 cSt, 2.3 to 2.6 cSt, 2.3 to 2.5 cSt, 2.4 to 2.7 cSt, 2.4 to 2.6 cSt, or 2.4 to 2.5 cSt.

[0095] Aspect 9. The composition as defined in Aspect 7 or 8, wherein the KV40 (kinematic viscosity at 40°C) is in any range disclosed herein, such as 7.8 to 9.6 cSt, 7.9 to 9.5 cSt, 8 to 9.4 cSt, 8.1 to 9.3 cSt, 8.2 to 9.2 cSt, 8.3 to 9.1 cSt, 8.4 to 9 cSt, 8.5 to 8.9 cSt, or 8.6 to 8.8 cSt.

[0096] Aspect 10. The composition as defined in any one of Aspects 7 to 9, wherein the flash point is in any range disclosed herein, such as 185 to 205°C, 185 to 200°C, 188 to 202°C, 190 to 215°C, 190 to 205°C, 192 to 200°C, or 194 to 198°C.

[0097] Aspect 11. The composition as defined in any one of Aspects 7 to 10, wherein the pour point is in any range disclosed herein, such as -90 to -70°C, -90 to -75°C, -88 to -75°C, -88 to -78°C, or -85 to -80°C.

[0098] Aspect 12. The composition as defined in any one of Aspects 7 to 11, wherein the composition is further characterized by a density at 15°C within any range disclosed herein, for example, 0.799 to 0.808 g / cc, 0.800 to 0.807 g / cc, 0.801 to 0.806 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.804 g / cc, 0.803 to 0.805 g / cc or 0.803 to 0.804 g / cc.

[0099] Aspect 13. An alkane composition comprising: (a) 5 to 95% by weight C 16 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) and (b) 95 to 5% by weight of C 24 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), the weight % based on the C 16 Alkanes and the C 24 Total weight of alkanes.

[0100] Aspect 14. A composition as defined in aspect 13, wherein said composition comprises any amount of C disclosed herein. 16 Alkanes, for example, 10 to 90 wt%, 50 to 90 wt%, 15 to 85 wt%, 50 to 85 wt%, 25 to 75 wt%, or 35 to 65 wt% of the C 16 Alkanes, the weight % based on the C 16 Alkanes and the C 24 Total weight of alkanes.

[0101] Aspect 15. A composition as defined in Aspect 13 or 14, wherein the alkane composition comprises: (a) 40 to 90 wt%, 50 to 85 wt%, 55 to 95 wt%, or 58 to 80 wt% of the C 16 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer), and (b) 10 to 60 wt%, 10 to 50 wt%, 10 to 30 wt%, or 14 to 30 wt% of the C 24Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the composition.

[0102] Aspect 16. A composition as defined in any one of Aspects 13 to 15, wherein the alkane composition further comprises (c) 0.5 to 20% by weight, 1 to 12% by weight, 1 to 9% by weight, or 2 to 8% by weight of C. 32 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene tetramer), the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the composition.

[0103] Aspect 17. A composition as defined in any one of Aspects 13 to 16, wherein the composition has a KV100 (kinematic viscosity at 100°C) within any range disclosed herein, such as 1 to 2.9 cSt, 1 to 2.5 cSt, 1 to 2 cSt, 1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.1 to 2.5 cSt, 1.1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.2 to 2.5 cSt, 1.2 to 2 cSt, 1.3 to 2.9 cSt or 1.3 to 2.5 cSt.

[0104] Aspect 18. A composition as defined in any of Aspects 13 to 17, wherein the composition has a KV40 (kinematic viscosity at 40°C) in any range disclosed herein, such as 2 to 9.5 cSt, 2 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 7 cSt, 2.5 to 5 cSt, 2.5 to 4 cSt, 3 to 8 cSt, 3 to 6 cSt, 4 to 9 cSt or 4 to 6 cSt.

[0105] Aspect 19. A composition as defined in any one of Aspects 13 to 18, wherein the composition has a flash point in any range disclosed herein, such as 100 to 200°C, 100 to 150°C, 120 to 180°C, 120 to 160°C, 130 to 190°C, 130 to 160°C, or 140 to 180°C.

[0106] Aspect 20. A composition as defined in any one of Aspects 13 to 19, wherein the composition has a pour point in any range disclosed herein, such as -85 to -35°C, -80 to -40°C, -75 to -40°C, -75 to -45°C, or -70 to -45°C.

[0107] Aspect 21. A composition as defined in any one of Aspects 13 to 20, wherein the composition has a density at 15°C within any range disclosed herein, for example, 0.776 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.790 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.800 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.795 g / cc or 0.780 to 0.790 g / cc.

[0108] Aspect 22. A fluid composition comprising an alkane composition and an additive as defined in any of the preceding aspects.

[0109] Aspect 23. A fluid composition as defined in Aspect 22, wherein the additive comprises anti-wear additives, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers / reducers, detergents, demulsifiers, defoamers, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors / corrosion inhibitors, metal passivators, pour point depressants, thickeners, or any combination thereof.

[0110] Aspect 24. A fluid composition as defined in Aspect 22 or 23, wherein the fluid composition is a lubricant composition or an immersion coolant composition.

Claims

1. An alkane composition comprising: (a) 5 to 95% by weight of C 16 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer); and (b) 95% to 5% by weight of C 24 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), The weight % is based on C. 16 Alkanes and the C 24 Total weight of alkanes.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises an amount of C within the range of 16 Alkanes: 10 to 90 wt%, 50 to 90 wt%, 15 to 85 wt%, 50 to 85 wt%, 25 to 75 wt%, or 35 to 65 wt% of the C 16 Alkanes, the weight % based on the C 16 Alkanes and the C 24 Total weight of alkanes.

3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkane composition comprises: (a) 40 to 90 wt%, 50 to 85 wt%, 55 to 95 wt%, or 58 to 80 wt% of the C 16 Alkanes (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer); and (b) 10 to 60 wt%, 10 to 50 wt%, 10 to 30 wt%, or 14 to 30 wt% of the aforementioned C 24 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer), The weight percentage is based on the total weight of the composition.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alkane composition further comprises (c) 0.5 to 20% by weight, 1 to 12% by weight, 1 to 9% by weight, or 2 to 8% by weight of C. 32 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene tetramer), the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the composition.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition has a KV100 (kinematic viscosity at 100°C) in the range of 1 to 2.9 cSt, 1 to 2.5 cSt, 1 to 2 cSt, 1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.1 to 2.5 cSt, 1.1 to 2 cSt, 1.1 to 1.6 cSt, 1.2 to 2.5 cSt, 1.2 to 2 cSt, 1.3 to 2.9 cSt, or 1.3 to 2.5 cSt.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition has a KV40 (kinematic viscosity at 40°C) in the range of 2 to 9.5 cSt, 2 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 8.5 cSt, 2.5 to 7 cSt, 2.5 to 5 cSt, 2.5 to 4 cSt, 3 to 8 cSt, 3 to 6 cSt, 4 to 9 cSt, or 4 to 6 cSt.

7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition has a flash point in the range of 100 to 200°C, 100 to 150°C, 120 to 180°C, 120 to 160°C, 130 to 190°C, 130 to 160°C, or 140 to 180°C.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition has a pour point in the range of -85 to -35°C, -80 to -40°C, -75 to -40°C, -75 to -45°C, or -70 to -45°C.

9. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition has a density in the range of 0.776 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.778 to 0.790 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.803 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.800 g / cc, 0.780 to 0.795 g / cc, or 0.780 to 0.790 g / cc at 15°C.

10. An alkane composition comprising at least 90% by weight (or at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, at least 98% by weight, or at least 99% by weight) C. 16 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene dimer) and characterized by: Kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 cSt; Kinematic viscosity (KV40) at 40°C in the range of 2 to 3.6 cSt; and Flash point in the range of 115 to 140°C and / or pour point in the range of -60 to -30°C.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the KV100 is in the range of 1 to 1.5 cSt, 1 to 1.4 cSt, 1 to 1.3 cSt, 1.1 to 1.5 cSt, 1.1 to 1.4 cSt, or 1.1 to 1.3 cSt.

12. The composition of claim 10 or 11, wherein the KV40 is in the range of 2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.2 to 3.6 cSt, 2.2 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.4 cSt, 2.4 to 3.2 cSt, 2.4 to 3 cSt, 2.6 to 3.2 cSt, 2.6 to 3 cSt, or 2.7 to 2.9 cSt.

13. The composition of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the flash point is in the range of 115 to 135°C, 115 to 130°C, 120 to 140°C, 120 to 135°C, 120 to 130°C, 125 to 135°C, or 125 to 130°C.

14. The composition of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the pour point is in the range of -60 to -35°C, -60 to -40°C, -55 to -30°C, -55 to -35°C, -55 to -40°C, -50 to -30°C, -50 to -35°C, or -50 to -40°C.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the composition is further characterized by a density at 15°C in the range of 0.773 to 0.782 g / cc, 0.774 to 0.781 g / cc, 0.775 to 0.780 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.779 g / cc, 0.776 to 0.778 g / cc, 0.777 to 0.779 g / cc, or 0.777 to 0.778 g / cc.

16. An alkane composition comprising at least 90% by weight (or at least 92% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight, at least 98% by weight, or at least 99% by weight) C. 24 Alkane (hydrogenated 1-octene trimer) and characterized by: Kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100°C in the range of 2 to 3 cSt; Kinematic viscosity (KV40) at 40°C in the range of 7.7 to 9.7 cSt; and Flash point in the range of 185 to 215°C and / or pour point in the range of -95 to -70°C.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the KV100 is in the range of 2.1 to 2.9 cSt, 2.2 to 2.8 cSt, 2.3 to 2.7 cSt, 2.3 to 2.6 cSt, 2.3 to 2.5 cSt, 2.4 to 2.7 cSt, 2.4 to 2.6 cSt, or 2.4 to 2.5 cSt.

18. The composition of claim 16 or 17, wherein the KV40 is in the range of 7.8 to 9.6 cSt, 7.9 to 9.5 cSt, 8 to 9.4 cSt, 8.1 to 9.3 cSt, 8.2 to 9.2 cSt, 8.3 to 9.1 cSt, 8.4 to 9 cSt, 8.5 to 8.9 cSt, or 8.6 to 8.8 cSt.

19. The composition of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the flash point is in the range of 185 to 205°C, 185 to 200°C, 188 to 202°C, 190 to 215°C, 190 to 205°C, 192 to 200°C, or 194 to 198°C.

20. The composition of any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the pour point is in the range of -90 to -70°C, -90 to -75°C, -88 to -75°C, -88 to -78°C, or -85 to -80°C.

21. The composition according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the composition is further characterized by a density at 15°C in the range of 0.799 to 0.808 g / cc, 0.800 to 0.807 g / cc, 0.801 to 0.806 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.805 g / cc, 0.802 to 0.804 g / cc, 0.803 to 0.805 g / cc, or 0.803 to 0.804 g / cc.

22. A fluid composition comprising an alkane composition and an additive as described in any one of claims 1 to 21.

23. The fluid composition of claim 22, wherein the additive comprises anti-wear additives, dispersants, viscosity modifiers, friction modifiers / reducers, detergents, demulsifiers, defoamers, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors / corrosion inhibitors, metal passivators, pour point depressants, thickeners, or any combination thereof.

24. The fluid composition of claim 22 or 23, wherein the fluid composition is a lubricant composition or an immersion coolant composition.

Images