Photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emission

Abstract

According to the photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emission, waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation is taken from the photovoltaic assembly with air as a medium and used for heating inlet air of the heat pump outdoor heat exchanger, the evaporation temperature of the heat pump end is increased, and therefore the operation COP of an air source heat pump is increased, and the energy utilization rate of the air source heat pump is increased. Especially in winter, waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation can be used for heating inlet air of the heat pump outdoor evaporator, the problems that due to the fact that the temperature of the heat pump outdoor evaporator end is too low, frosting is caused, and the COP of the heat pump system is too low are solved, photovoltaic assembly cooling is achieved, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and the quality and efficiency of the air source heat pump system are improved. And the photovoltaic system can provide electric power support for the building and the air source heat pump, and low carbonization or zero carbonization of the building energy supply system is assisted to be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic power generation and air source heat pump technology, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emission. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background technical information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Energy consumption of building construction is an important part of the overall energy consumption. The total carbon emissions from the entire building construction process account for a large proportion of energy-related carbon emissions, and the carbon emissions from the building operation stage account for the highest proportion. Therefore, energy conservation and carbon reduction during the building operation stage is very important.

[0004] The air source heat pump system uses the reverse Carnot cycle principle to continuously absorb low-grade heat energy that is difficult to use from the air and convert it into usable high-grade heat energy, thereby achieving hot water and heating in the building. When preparing hot water of the same volume and temperature rise, the operating cost of the air source heat pump is about 19.6% of that of the electric hot water boiler and about 27.4% of that of the gas boiler. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the air source heat pump system is affected by many factors during actual operation (mainly including environmental meteorological parameters, operating parameters, control schemes, etc.), and its operating COP is low, and there is still a large space for energy saving. The air source heat pump is greatly affected by the outdoor ambient temperature. The ambient temperature affects the heat exchange at the outdoor heat exchanger end of the heat pump, and then affects the evaporation temperature. The coefficient of performance of the heat pump often increases with the increase of the evaporation temperature. Especially in low temperature environments, the energy efficiency of the unit is significantly reduced due to the performance of the compressor, the performance of the outdoor heat exchanger and the inlet water temperature of the unit.

[0005] Solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy. It mainly consists of three parts: solar panels (modules), controllers and inverters. The current photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules is only about 20%, and it is even lower in actual application. Most of the solar radiation received by photovoltaic modules is dissipated in the form of heat energy, resulting in an increase in the operating temperature of photovoltaic panels. When the heat dissipation is poor, it can reach up to 80°C. The operating temperature of photovoltaic panels directly affects the photoelectric conversion efficiency and operating life. For example, when the temperature of crystalline silicon photovoltaic panels exceeds 40°C, the photoelectric conversion efficiency decreases by 0.3%-0.5% for every 1°C increase in surface temperature; after reaching its upper limit of operating temperature, the aging rate doubles for every 10°C increase. High temperature will accelerate the thermal degradation of the battery and cause irreversible structural damage to it. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model proposes a photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions. The utility model uses air as a medium to extract the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation from the photovoltaic components, and uses the waste heat to heat the inlet air of the heat pump outdoor heat exchanger, thereby increasing the evaporation temperature at the heat pump end, especially in winter. It can avoid frosting and low COP caused by low temperature at the evaporator end, thereby achieving cooling of the photovoltaic components, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and improving the quality and efficiency of the air source heat pump system. The photovoltaic system can provide power support for buildings and air source heat pumps, thereby helping to achieve low-carbon or zero-carbon building energy supply systems.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions, comprising a photovoltaic module, an air source heat pump subsystem and an air flow channel, wherein:

[0009] The photovoltaic module is used to obtain solar energy, convert part of the solar energy into electrical energy, and dissipate most of the solar energy in the form of heat energy, and use the dissipated heat energy to heat the air inlet of the evaporator of the air source heat pump subsystem;

[0010] The air source heat pump subsystem includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a cold water storage tank, a hot water storage tank and an expansion valve. The refrigerant in the evaporator exchanges heat with the air. One end of the evaporator is connected to the condenser, and a compressor is provided on the connecting pipeline. Heat exchange occurs in the condenser, and the generated hot water is transported to the hot water storage tank through the pipeline. The hot water in the hot water storage tank is used to supply heat users, and the cold water returned by the heat users is transported to the cold water storage tank. The cold water storage tank is connected to the condenser; the other end of the condenser is connected to the evaporator again through the expansion valve to form a loop;

[0011] The airflow channel includes a parallel airflow channel, an air duct, a control valve, a filter and a fan on the back of the photovoltaic module. The airflow channel is an airflow channel parallel to the photovoltaic module added on the back of the photovoltaic module, which can allow ambient air to flow through the back plate of the photovoltaic module to achieve the purpose of cooling; ribs are installed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and the heat exchange between the air and the photovoltaic module is strengthened by the ribs, which can further improve the heat exchange at the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the air-cooled photovoltaic module; the fan is used to act on the airflow channel to lead the air heated by the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation at the photovoltaic module to the evaporator of the air source heat pump through the air duct to react with the refrigerant in the evaporator. Heat exchange is carried out to increase the evaporation end temperature of the air source heat pump; the air duct includes an air flow channel and a bypass air duct at the back plate of the photovoltaic module. During photovoltaic power generation during the day, ambient air passes through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and the air is heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation. The air is then led to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump subsystem through a fan, and heat exchange occurs with the refrigerant in the evaporator; at night when photovoltaic power generation is not taking place, ambient air does not pass through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and ambient air passes through a filter and flows through the bypass air duct to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump subsystem, that is, the bypass air serves as the air inlet of the evaporation end of the heat pump to reduce the resistance loss caused by the air flowing through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the system also includes a first branch, which includes a battery and an inverter connected in sequence, one end of the battery is connected to the photovoltaic module, the other end of the inverter is connected to the compressor, and an electric meter is provided on the first branch.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the system further includes a second branch, the second branch includes an inverter, one end of the inverter is connected to the photovoltaic module, and the other end is connected to the compressor, and an electric meter is provided on the second branch.

[0014] As an optional implementation, the compressor is also connected to a power grid.

[0015] As an optional implementation, a plurality of back plate fins are arranged side by side at the back end of the photovoltaic module, a guide ramp is arranged at the lower end of the back plate fins, and the space between the guide ramp and each back plate fin forms an air flow channel.

[0016] As a further implementation, the guide inclined plate and the photovoltaic module are arranged in parallel;

[0017] The length of the airflow channel is the same as the length of the photovoltaic module, the width of the airflow channel is the same as the total width of the photovoltaic module, and the height of the airflow channel is 30-1000mm;

[0018] The thickness of the backplane fins is 0.5 - 10 mm; the relationship between the spacing D of the backplane fins and the width B of the photovoltaic module is: D < B, and the relationship between the height E of the backplane fins and the height N of the air flow channel is: E < N. The fin length F is the same as the length of the photovoltaic module.

[0019] As an alternative embodiment, the air flow channel is connected to the evaporator through a pipeline, and a first control valve is provided on the pipeline;

[0020] A bypass air duct is also provided. The air inlet of the bypass air duct does not pass through the air flow channel. A filter and a second control valve are provided on the bypass air duct.

[0021] As a further embodiment, the fan is provided at the end of the pipeline.

[0022] As an alternative embodiment, a water pump, a control valve and a flow meter are provided on the connecting pipeline between the hot water storage tank and the heat load of the heat user.

[0023] As an alternative embodiment, a water pump is provided on the connecting pipeline between the cold water storage tank and the condenser.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0025] The present utility model proposes an air source heat pump - solar photovoltaic complementary energy supply system, which takes the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation from the photovoltaic module with air as the medium and uses it to heat the incoming air of the outdoor heat exchanger of the heat pump, thereby increasing the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump. When the ambient cold air passes through the backplane of the photovoltaic module, the cold air absorbs the waste heat generated during the photovoltaic power generation process and is heated. The heated air is guided to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump through the air duct. Compared with the air source heat pump that directly exchanges heat with the ambient cold air, the evaporation end temperature of the air source heat pump can be increased, thereby increasing the COP of the air source heat pump.

[0026] In the present utility model, in a low - temperature environment, the evaporation temperature of the heat pump is relatively low, the suction specific volume of the compressor increases, but the theoretical suction volume remains unchanged, resulting in a decrease in the mass flow rate of the compressor, and the heating capacity of the system also decreases accordingly, and the COP decreases. The air source heat pump is greatly affected by the outdoor ambient temperature. The ambient temperature affects the heat exchange at the evaporation end of the heat pump, and thus affects the evaporation temperature. The performance coefficient of the heat pump often increases with the increase of the evaporation temperature. Especially in a low - temperature environment, restricted by the performance of the compressor, the performance of the evaporator and the water inlet temperature of the unit, the energy efficiency of the unit significantly decreases. When the air flows through the backplane of the photovoltaic module, it fully absorbs the waste heat of the photovoltaic module. By utilizing the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation to heat the evaporation end temperature of the air source heat pump, the efficient utilization of waste heat is realized, and the operating COP of the air source heat pump hot water system is improved.

[0027] The utility model uses air as a medium to take the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation from the photovoltaic components, and uses it to heat the inlet air of the outdoor evaporator of the heat pump, which can increase the temperature of the evaporation end and alleviate the problem of frosting of the heat pump.

[0028] Photovoltaic modules can provide electricity for air source heat pumps and clean electricity for residents, shopping malls, office buildings and other scenes, forming a photovoltaic power generation system. During the daytime photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic electricity can be used to supply heat pump compressors, and can also provide clean electricity for residents, shopping malls, office buildings and other scenes. The excess photovoltaic power can be stored in batteries. At this time, the ambient air passes through the air flow channel at the back of the photovoltaic module. The air is heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation, and then is led to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump subsystem through the fan, and heat exchange occurs with the refrigerant in the evaporator; at night when photovoltaic power generation is not available, the battery can be used to power the heat pump compressor. When the battery power is insufficient, it can be connected to the power grid. At this time, the ambient air does not pass through the air flow channel at the back of the photovoltaic module, and the bypass air is used as the air inlet of the heat pump evaporation end to reduce the resistance loss caused by the air flowing through the air flow channel at the back of the photovoltaic module.

[0029] The electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention not only meets the power consumption of the air source heat pump system, but also generates additional electricity to be stored in the battery for use by the heat pump system when the photovoltaic power generation system cannot work at night, and is used to provide clean electricity for residents, shopping malls, office buildings and other scenarios.

[0030] The utility model is equipped with an energy storage system, which specifically includes battery storage, heat storage, and cold water storage tanks, in order to make full use of solar energy and ensure the continuity and stability of the operation of the entire complementary system. When the user does not need hot water, the photovoltaic system and the air source heat pump system can still use solar energy to work, and the generated hot water can be stored in the hot water storage tank. When the user needs hot water, hot water can be taken from the hot water storage tank, reducing the user's waiting time; the same is true for the cold water storage tank. By storing cold water, the photovoltaic system and the air source heat pump system can operate normally and continuously, saving system start-up and stop time and increasing work efficiency; the power storage system can store excess photovoltaic power generation in the battery when the solar irradiance is greater than the first threshold value, and is used to provide power support for the air source heat pump subsystem when the solar irradiance is less than the first threshold value.

[0031] The utility model adds an air flow channel parallel to the photovoltaic module on the back of the photovoltaic module, which allows ambient air to flow through the back plate of the photovoltaic module to achieve the purpose of cooling; ribs are installed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and the heat exchange between the air and the photovoltaic module is enhanced by the ribs, which can further improve the heat exchange at the photovoltaic module, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the air-cooled photovoltaic module.

[0032] The utility model guides the air heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation at the photovoltaic module to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump through the air duct. The air duct is provided with a bypass air duct. During photovoltaic power generation during the day, the ambient cold air enters the photovoltaic module back panel cooling system, and is heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation and then sent to the evaporator end of the air source heat pump through the air duct. The hot air of the photovoltaic cooling system serves as the air intake of the heat pump evaporation end. At night, when photovoltaic power generation is not performed, the ambient cold air does not pass through the photovoltaic module back panel cooling system but directly flows to the heat pump evaporation end through the bypass air duct, so as to reduce the resistance loss caused by the air flowing through the air flow channel at the photovoltaic module back panel. The air circulation in the air duct is driven by a fan.

[0033] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near zero carbon emissions in an embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an airflow channel of a photovoltaic module back plate in an embodiment;

[0037] Figure 3 is a plan view of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the back panel fins of a photovoltaic module in one embodiment.

[0039] Among them, 1. solar energy, 2. back plate fins, 3. control valve a, 4. filter, 5. control valve b, 6. fan, 7. evaporator, 8. compressor, 9. condenser, 10. hot water storage tank, 11. water pump a, 12. control valve c, 13. flow meter, 14. heat user, 15. cold water storage tank, 16. water pump b, 17. expansion valve, 18. guide ramp, 19. photovoltaic module, 20. inverter a, 21. electric meter a, 22. battery, 23. inverter b, 24. electric meter b, 25. electric meter c, 26. power grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the utility model. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] A photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions, comprising a photovoltaic module, an air source heat pump subsystem and an air flow channel, wherein:

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic assembly 19 is used to obtain solar energy 1, convert a part of the solar energy into electrical energy, and most of the solar energy is lost in the form of heat energy, and the lost heat energy is used to heat the air inlet of the evaporator 7 of the air source heat pump subsystem;

[0047] The air source heat pump subsystem includes an evaporator 7, a compressor 8, a condenser 9, a cold water storage tank 15, a hot water storage tank 10 and an expansion valve 17. The refrigerant in the evaporator 7 exchanges heat with the air. One end of the evaporator 7 is connected to the condenser 9, and the compressor 8 is arranged on the connecting pipeline. Heat exchange occurs in the condenser 9, and the generated hot water is transported to the hot water storage tank 10 through the pipeline. The hot water in the hot water storage tank 10 is used to supply the heat user 14. The cold water returned by the heat user 14 is transported to the cold water storage tank 15. The cold water storage tank 15 is connected to the condenser 9; the other end of the condenser 9 is connected to the evaporator 7 again through the expansion valve 17 to form a loop;

[0048] The airflow channel includes a parallel airflow channel on the back of the photovoltaic module 19, an air duct, a control valve 3 and b control valve 5, a filter 4 and a fan 6. The airflow channel is an airflow channel parallel to the photovoltaic module 19 added to the back of the photovoltaic module 19, which allows ambient air to flow through the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19 to achieve the purpose of cooling; a back plate rib 2 is installed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19, and the heat exchange between the air and the photovoltaic module 19 is enhanced by the back plate rib 2, which can further improve the heat exchange at the photovoltaic module 19, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the air-cooled photovoltaic module 19; the fan 6 is used to act on the airflow channel to lead the air heated by the waste heat generated by photovoltaic power generation at the photovoltaic module 19 to the evaporator 7 of the air source heat pump through the air duct, so as to cool the evaporator 7 and the evaporator 7. 7 undergoes heat exchange with the refrigerant, thereby increasing the evaporation end temperature of the air source heat pump; the air duct includes an air flow channel and a bypass air duct at the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19. During photovoltaic power generation during the day, ambient air passes through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19, and the air is heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation. The air is then led to the evaporator 7 end of the air source heat pump subsystem through the fan 6, and heat exchange occurs with the refrigerant at the evaporator 7; at night when photovoltaic power generation is not taking place, ambient air does not pass through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19, and the ambient air passes through the filter 4 and the b control valve 5, and flows to the evaporator 7 end of the air source heat pump subsystem through the bypass air duct, that is, the bypass air serves as the air inlet of the heat pump evaporation end to reduce the resistance loss caused by the air flowing through the air flow channel at the back plate of the photovoltaic module 19.

[0049] It also includes a first branch, which includes a battery 22 and an inverter b23 connected in sequence, one end of the battery 22 is connected to the photovoltaic component 19, and the other end of the inverter b23 is connected to the compressor 8. An electric meter b24 is arranged on the first branch.

[0050] It also includes a second branch, which includes an inverter 20. One end of the inverter 20 is connected to the photovoltaic component 19, and the other end is connected to the compressor 8. An electric meter a21 is arranged on the second branch.

[0051] The photovoltaic assembly and the first branch and the second branch form a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0052] The compressor 8 is also connected to the power grid 26, and an electricity meter c25 is provided on the connection line.

[0053] A plurality of backplane fins 2 are arranged side by side at the back end of the photovoltaic module 19. A flow guiding inclined plate 18 is arranged at the lower end of the backplane fin 2. The space between the flow guiding inclined plate 18 and each backplane fin 2 forms an air flow channel.

[0054] As Figure 1 shown, in this embodiment, the flow guiding inclined plate 18 and the photovoltaic module 19 are arranged in parallel;

[0055] As Figure 2 shown, the length L of the air flow channel is the same as the length A of the photovoltaic module, the width M of the air flow channel is the same as the width B of the photovoltaic module, and the height N of the air flow channel should be 30 - 1000 mm.

[0056] As Figure 3 、 Figure 4 shown, the thickness C of the photovoltaic backplane fin 2 should be 0.5 - 10 mm; the relationship between the fin pitch D and the width B of the photovoltaic module is: D < B, and D is 5 - 200 mm; the relationship between the fin height E and the height N of the air flow channel is: E < N, and E is 10 - 900 mm, and the fin length F should be the same as the length A of the photovoltaic module.

[0057] The air flow channel is connected to the evaporator 7 through a pipeline, and a control valve a3 is provided on the pipeline. The fan 6 is arranged at the end of the pipeline.

[0058] This embodiment also provides a bypass air duct. The air inlet of the bypass air duct does not pass through the air flow channel on the back of the photovoltaic module 19. A filter 4 and a control valve b5 are provided on the bypass air duct. When the photovoltaic power generation stops, the ambient air does not pass through the air flow channel at the backplane of the photovoltaic module 19. The ambient air passes through the filter 4 and the control valve b5 and flows to the evaporator 7 end of the air source heat pump subsystem through the bypass air duct, that is, the bypass air serves as the inlet air of the heat pump evaporation end to reduce the resistance loss caused by the air flowing through the air flow channel at the backplane of the photovoltaic module 19.

[0059] A water pump a 11, a control valve c 12, and a flow meter 13 are provided on the connection pipeline between the hot water storage tank 10 and the heat load of the heat user 14.

[0060] A water pump b16 is provided on the connection pipeline between the cold water storage tank 15 and the condenser 9.

[0061] In order to meet the matching relationship of the complementary system, the rated power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system should be 1.5 - 10 times the rated power of the air source heat pump system.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Based on the system of the first embodiment, when the photovoltaic module 19 is irradiated by sunlight 1, the photovoltaic module 19 can convert part of the solar energy into electrical energy, and the other part of the solar energy is lost in the form of heat energy. When the ambient cold air is introduced into the air flow channel where the back plate fins 2 on the back of the photovoltaic module 19 are located through the fan 6, it is heated by the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic power generation at the photovoltaic module 19. The heated air is sent to the evaporator 7 end of the air source heat pump, and heat exchange occurs with the refrigerant in the evaporator 7. The refrigerant is vaporized into superheated gas. Then the compressor 8 compresses the refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure superheated gas by doing work, and then isobaric exothermic liquefaction is carried out in the condenser 9 to exchange heat with the water from the cold water storage tank 15 of the heat user. The hot water after heat exchange enters the hot water storage tank 10 for use by the heat user. After the heat exchange process with the user end is completed, the high-temperature and high-pressure superheated gas refrigerant is converted into low-temperature and high-pressure supercooled liquid refrigerant, and then enters the evaporator 7 again after the pressure is reduced by the expansion valve 17 to complete the next cycle.

[0064] The rated power generation capacity of the photovoltaic power generation system is at least 1.5 times the rated power of the air source heat pump hot water system. During a sunny day, the system is turned on and the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module 19 is connected to the air source heat pump subsystem through the second branch. The second branch includes an inverter a20. An electric meter a21 is also provided on the second branch. The second branch is connected to the compressor 8.

[0065] After meeting the user's hot water demand, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation is stored in the battery 22 through the first branch to provide power support for the air source heat pump subsystem at night. When the hot water demand of the heat user and the storage capacity of the battery 22 are met, the photovoltaic power generation system can be connected to the power grid 26 to provide clean electricity for scenes such as residents, shopping malls, and office buildings. The battery 22 is connected to an inverter b23 and an electric meter b24, and the battery 22 is connected to the compressor 8.

[0066] In rainy weather, the photovoltaic power generation system cannot work normally. The photovoltaic power generation system can also be connected to the battery 22. At this time, the incoming air passes through the filter 4 and the control valve b 5 to the evaporator 7, and the power of the battery is used to drive the compressor 8 to work, thereby generating hot water for heat users. When the power of the battery 22 is insufficient, the system is connected to the power grid 26, and the power of the power grid is used to drive the air source heat pump hot water system to work to meet the user's hot water needs.

[0067] When the photovoltaic power generation system is working, air flows through the air flow channel on the back of the photovoltaic module, and absorbs the waste heat of the photovoltaic module 19 during the flow, thereby achieving efficient utilization of the waste heat and cooling of the photovoltaic module 19, and increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 19. The air that has absorbed the waste heat can increase the evaporation temperature of the air source heat pump hot water system. According to the reverse Carnot cycle principle, the COP of the heat pump system will be improved; and during the low temperature period in winter, the evaporator 7 of the heat pump system will have the problem of frosting, which will reduce the efficiency of the heat pump, increase operating costs and shorten the life of the equipment. The air that has absorbed the waste heat can alleviate the frosting problem of the air source heat pump evaporator 7.

[0068] The hot water storage tank 10 and the cold water storage tank 15 are containers for storing hot water and cold water, just like the insulated water tank of the electric water heater. The complementary system needs to store the hot water produced by the air source heat pump hot water system and the cold water from the user 14 through the hot water storage tank 10 and the cold water storage tank 15. When the photovoltaic power generation system cannot work normally at night or on rainy days, the user can take hot water from the hot water storage tank 10 to maintain the reliability of the system; and the cold water storage tank 15 can store cold water for the circulation of the air source heat pump hot water system to maintain the continuity of the air source heat pump hot water system; the battery 22 can store the excess photovoltaic power generation in the battery during sunny days, and use it to provide power support for the air source heat pump subsystem at night and on rainy days, so as to maintain the stability, reliability and safety of the system.

[0069] When the spacing D between the back panel fins 2 at the back end of the photovoltaic module is in the range of 10 to 100 mm and the height E of the back panel fins 2 is in the range of 50 to 200 mm, the heat exchange effect with the incoming air is better and the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module is more uniform, which will extend the service life of the photovoltaic module 19.

[0070] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the utility model without creative labor shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions, characterized in that: It includes a photovoltaic module, an air source heat pump subsystem, and an air flow channel, where: The photovoltaic module is used to obtain solar energy, convert a part of the solar energy into electrical energy, and most of the solar energy is dissipated in the form of heat. The dissipated heat is used to heat the incoming air of the evaporator of the air source heat pump subsystem; The air source heat pump subsystem includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a cold water storage tank, a hot water storage tank, and an expansion valve. The refrigerant in the evaporator exchanges heat with air. One end of the evaporator is connected to the condenser, and a compressor is provided on the connecting pipeline. Heat exchange occurs in the condenser, and the generated hot water is transported to the hot water storage tank through a pipeline. The hot water in the hot water storage tank is used to supply heat users. The cold water returned by the heat users is transported to the cold water storage tank, and the cold water storage tank is connected to the condenser; the other end of the condenser is connected to the evaporator again through an expansion valve to form a loop; An air flow channel is provided at the back end of the photovoltaic module. The air flow channel is connected to the evaporator through a pipeline, and a first control valve is provided on the pipeline. A fan is provided at the end of the pipeline; A bypass air duct is also provided beside the air flow channel. The air inlet of the bypass air duct does not pass through the air flow channel. A filter and a second control valve are provided on the bypass air duct; When the photovoltaic module generates electricity, ambient air passes through the air flow channel at the back of the photovoltaic module backplane. The air is heated by the waste heat generated during photovoltaic power generation and is led to the evaporator of the air source heat pump subsystem by a fan to exchange heat with the refrigerant in the evaporator; when the photovoltaic does not generate electricity, the ambient air does not pass through the air flow channel at the back of the photovoltaic module backplane, and the ambient air flows to the evaporator of the air source heat pump subsystem through the bypass air duct after passing through the filter.

2. A photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The system further includes a first branch circuit, which includes a storage battery and an inverter connected in sequence. One end of the storage battery is connected to the photovoltaic module, the other end of the inverter is connected to the compressor, and an ammeter is provided on the first branch circuit.

3. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The system further includes a second branch circuit, which includes an inverter. One end of the inverter is connected to the photovoltaic module, and the other end is connected to the compressor. An ammeter is provided on the second branch circuit.

4. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The compressor is also connected to the power grid.

5. A photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of backplane fins are arranged side by side at the lower back end of the photovoltaic module. A diversion inclined plate is provided at the lower end of the backplane fins. The space between the diversion inclined plate and each backplane fin forms an air flow channel.

6. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The diversion inclined plate is arranged parallel to the photovoltaic module.

7. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the air flow channel is the same as the length of the photovoltaic module, the width of the air flow channel is the same as the total width of the photovoltaic module, and the height of the air flow channel is 30 - 1000 mm.

8. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the backplane fin is 0.5 - 10 mm; the relationship between the spacing D of the backplane fins and the width B of the photovoltaic module is: D < B, and the relationship between the height E of the backplane fins and the height N of the air flow channel is: E < N. The fin length F is the same as the length of the photovoltaic module.

9. The photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system with near-zero carbon emissions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump, a control valve, and a flow meter are provided on the connecting pipeline between the hot water storage tank and the heat load of the heat user.

10. A near-zero carbon emission photovoltaic-air source heat pump complementary energy supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: A water pump is provided on the connecting pipeline between the cold water storage tank and the condenser.

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