Photovoltaic modules

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes: a substrate; a first battery layer, the first battery layer is arranged on the substrate, the first battery layer includes a plurality of batteries, the plurality of batteries are arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series; a lead-out electrode, the lead-out electrode has a plurality of lead-out electrodes, and the plurality of lead-out electrodes are connected to the plurality of batteries one by one; wherein a battery is connected between every two adjacent lead-out electrodes, and the two adjacent lead-out electrodes are used to derive the current of the connected batteries. The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application can accurately collect the current generated by the battery they are sandwiched by two adjacent lead-out electrodes, so that each battery can be tested and analyzed for performance such as EQE, QE, and IV, effectively improving the test accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells have a very broad application prospect due to their high energy conversion efficiency and low production cost. However, the cell structure of thin-film cells (such as perovskite solar cells) can lead to inaccurate external quantum efficiency (EQE) test results, making it difficult to test and analyze cell performance.

[0003] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Utility Model Content

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module to solve or alleviate one or more of the technical problems mentioned above.

[0005] As one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, including:

[0006] substrate;

[0007] A first battery layer, the first battery layer is arranged on the substrate, the first battery layer includes a plurality of batteries, and the plurality of batteries are arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series;

[0008] Lead-out electrodes, the lead-out electrodes are multiple, and the multiple lead-out electrodes are connected to the multiple batteries in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0009] A battery is connected between every two adjacent lead-out electrodes, and the two adjacent lead-out electrodes are used to lead out the current of the connected batteries.

[0010] Optionally, the lead-out electrode and the battery are welded or bonded with a conductive adhesive.

[0011] Optionally, the battery comprises:

[0012] a first electrode layer, wherein the first battery layer is disposed on the substrate;

[0013] a photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion layer being located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate;

[0014] The second electrode layer is located at a side of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the first electrode layer.

[0015] Optionally, the lead-out electrode is connected to the second electrode layer.

[0016] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer includes:

[0017] a first transmission layer, the first transmission layer being located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate;

[0018] a light absorbing layer, wherein the light absorbing layer is located on a side of the first transmission layer away from the first electrode layer;

[0019] The second transmission layer is located at a side of the light absorbing layer away from the first transmission layer.

[0020] Optionally, the battery further comprises:

[0021] A first wire groove is provided in the first electrode layer and is used to connect the photoelectric conversion layer and the substrate.

[0022] Optionally, the battery further comprises:

[0023] The second wire groove is provided in the photoelectric conversion layer, and the second wire groove is used to connect the second electrode layer of the previous battery and the first electrode layer of the next battery.

[0024] Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer includes a transparent conductive material.

[0025] Optionally, the photovoltaic assembly further includes:

[0026] a first packaging layer, the first packaging layer being located on a side of the first battery layer away from the substrate;

[0027] a second battery layer, the second battery layer being located on a side of the first packaging layer away from the first battery layer;

[0028] a second packaging layer, the second packaging layer being located on a side of the second battery layer away from the first packaging layer;

[0029] A back plate is located on a side of the second packaging layer away from the second battery layer.

[0030] Optionally, the material of the substrate includes glass material, and the material of the back panel includes glass material.

[0031] Optionally, the first battery layer includes perovskite batteries, and the second battery layer includes crystalline silicon batteries.

[0032] Optionally, the material of the first encapsulation layer includes an adhesive film material, and the material of the second encapsulation layer includes an adhesive film material.

[0033] The above technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application may have the following advantages:

[0034] A first battery layer is arranged on the substrate, and the first battery layer includes a plurality of batteries arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series. Electrodes of each battery in the first battery layer are led out, and based on the characteristics of alternating positive and negative electrodes of fully series-connected batteries, a battery is sandwiched between every two adjacent lead-out electrodes. Through two adjacent lead-out electrodes, the current generated by the battery they sandwich can be accurately collected, so that each battery can be tested and analyzed for performance such as EQE, QE, and IV, effectively improving the test accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the multiple drawings represent the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings only depict some embodiments disclosed in the present application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present application.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thin film battery provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of the thin-film battery EQE test provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 5 This is an example diagram of the EQE test of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 6 It is another structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 7 It is another structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 8 It is another structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Fig. 9 It is another structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Fig.10 This is a graph of EQR test results of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Description of reference numerals:

[0047] 1 substrate

[0048] 2. First battery layer

[0049] 3 Leading pole

[0050] 4 First packaging layer

[0051] 5 Second battery layer

[0052] 6 Second packaging layer

[0053] 7 Back Panel

[0054] 21. First electrode layer

[0055] 22 Photoelectric conversion layer

[0056] 23. Second electrode layer

[0057] 24 Third line slot

[0058] 211 First Line Slot

[0059] 221 First Transport Layer

[0060] 222 light absorption layer

[0061] 223 Second Transport Layer

[0062] 224 Second Line Slot DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other in the absence of conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0065] The following provides an explanation of the terms used in this application.

[0066] External Quantum Efficiency (EQE): The photoelectric conversion efficiency of a solar cell under external lighting conditions.

[0067] EQE test: Exposing a solar cell to a light source measures the relationship between the current generated by the solar cell and the photon energy of the incident light. This can be used to evaluate the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell at different wavelengths.

[0068] QE (Quantum Efficiency) test: The efficiency with which photons are absorbed and converted into electric current in a solar cell.

[0069] IV (Current-Voltage) Test: The current-voltage (IV) characteristic curve used to evaluate solar performance.

[0070] To facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application, the relevant technologies are described below:

[0071] After years of development, the efficiency of a single perovskite solar cell in the laboratory has reached 25.7%. In addition, compared with crystalline silicon cells, perovskite solar cells have the advantages of solution processing, abundant raw materials, and low production costs, and have very broad application prospects.

[0072] Unlike crystalline silicon cells, thin-film cells (such as perovskite solar cells) are based on a multi-cell series structure, which can reduce short-circuit current, increase open-circuit voltage, and reduce power loss caused by cell series resistance. Figure 1 shown.

[0073] However, the above battery structure will result in the battery being unable to obtain the correct value when measuring the external quantum efficiency. The specific reasons can be found in Figure 2 When one of the cells to be tested is illuminated by the monochromatic light of the EQE tester, the cell will generate current. The other cells that are not illuminated are in a dark state with no photogenerated current. Due to the diode characteristics of the photovoltaic cell in the dark state, the current generated by the illuminated cell will be cut off by the dark-state cell and cannot be collected by the test machine, resulting in a lower test current and inaccurate test results, making it impossible to test and analyze battery performance.

[0074] To this end, the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution for a photovoltaic module: (1) A method for electrode lead-out is developed, which utilizes the characteristics of the alternating positive and negative electrodes of the fully series-connected battery to lead out electrodes for each battery of the photovoltaic module, so as to test the EQE of the battery sandwiched between the two lead-out electrodes, thereby determining the wavelength response capability of the battery and the current deviation between the sub-batteries. (2) The lead-out electrode and the electrode can be connected by welding or bonding with conductive glue. After the lead-out electrode is connected to the battery, the EQE measurement can be performed by connecting two adjacent lead-out electrodes on the test machine. (3) Each battery can also be subjected to a separate QE test and IV test and analyzed. (4) A stacked battery combined with crystalline silicon technology is provided to further improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. See below for details.

[0075] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0076] like Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the photovoltaic module may include: a substrate 1 , a first battery layer 2 and a lead-out electrode 3 .

[0077] The structures and coordination relationships of the substrate 1 , the first battery layer 2 and the lead-out electrode 3 are described below.

[0078] The substrate 1 can be used to carry the solar cell, play a supporting and protective role to ensure the stability and reliability of the cell. Optionally, the substrate 1 can be a transparent glass or a flexible substrate. Among them, the transparent glass can greatly reduce the loss of light and improve the utilization rate of light.

[0079] The first battery layer 2 may be disposed on the substrate 1. The first battery layer 2 may be a battery array composed of a plurality of batteries. The battery may be a thin film battery, such as a perovskite solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) solar cell, or other types of batteries. For example, the first battery layer 2 is a perovskite solar cell array. Figure 3 As shown, the first battery layer 2 may include a plurality of adjacently arranged perovskite solar cells. Adjacent perovskite solar cells may be connected in series through an interconnection structure to form a first battery layer 2 with a full series structure. As previously mentioned, the series structure and the diode characteristics of the photovoltaic cell in the dark state make it impossible to perform EQE testing on the cells of the first battery layer 2. To this end, the embodiment of the present application can achieve EQE testing and ensure accuracy by designing the matching structure of the lead-out pole 3 and the first battery layer 2. The lead-out pole 3 may include a plurality of lead-out poles 3, and the plurality of lead-out poles 3 are connected one-to-one with the plurality of cells (perovskite cells) in the first battery layer 2 to lead out the electrodes of the cells.

[0080] In this embodiment, a first battery layer 2 is arranged on the substrate 1, and the first battery layer 2 includes a plurality of batteries arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series. Electrodes of each battery in the first battery layer 2 are led out, and based on the characteristics of alternating positive and negative electrodes of full-series batteries, a battery is sandwiched between every two adjacent lead-out electrodes 3. Through two adjacent lead-out electrodes 3, the current generated by the batteries they sandwich can be accurately collected, so that each battery can be tested and analyzed for performance such as EQE, QE, and IV, effectively improving the test accuracy.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, the lead-out electrode 3 and the battery can be connected by welding or by bonding with a conductive adhesive. It should be noted that the connection method between the lead-out electrode 3 and the battery can be selected according to actual needs, for example, clamping or pressure connection.

[0082] The above embodiment introduces that the current is extracted and collected by connecting the lead-out electrode 3 to the battery based on the characteristics of the series structure. The internal structure of the battery and the interconnection structure between the batteries are further exemplified below.

[0083] In an optional embodiment, the battery may include: a first electrode layer 21, a photoelectric conversion layer 22, and a second electrode layer 23. The first electrode layer 21 may be disposed on the substrate 1. Optionally, the material of the first electrode layer 21 may be a transparent conductive material to ensure good light transmittance, thereby improving the light absorption rate and reducing light energy loss. The photoelectric conversion layer 22 may be disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 21 away from the substrate 1 to absorb photons. When photons are absorbed, the material (such as perovskite) in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 excites electrons to transition to the conduction band, while leaving holes in the valence band to form electron-hole pairs. The electric field of light in the photoelectric conversion layer 22 separates electrons and holes, and guides them to the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 23, thereby forming a current and realizing photoelectric conversion. The second electrode layer 23 may be disposed on the side of the photoelectric conversion layer 22 away from the first electrode layer 21.

[0084] In this embodiment, effective photoelectric conversion can be achieved through the cooperation between the first electrode layer 21 , the photoelectric conversion layer 22 and the second electrode layer 23 .

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the lead-out electrode 3 may be connected to the second electrode layer 23 in the battery. Since the second electrode layers of each battery have the same polarity, electrodes may be led out on the back side (second electrode layer 23) of each battery to form a lead-out electrode 3. Based on the alternating positive and negative poles of the series-connected batteries, the current generated by the batteries between them can be accurately collected through two adjacent lead-out electrodes 3.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, the photoelectric conversion layer 22 may include a first transmission layer 221, a light absorption layer 222, and a second transmission layer 223. The first transmission layer 221 may be a hole transmission layer or an electron transmission layer, and may be located on the side of the first electrode layer 21 away from the substrate 1. The first transmission layer 221 may be prepared by one or more of a spin coating process, a thermal evaporation process, a scraping process, a coating process, or a printing process. The material of the first transmission layer 221 may be Sprio-OMeTAD, PTAA, NiO x , P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, CuSCN, CuAlO 2 Or one or more of Spiro-TTB, the thickness of the first transmission layer 221 can be 1nm-500nm. The light absorption layer 222 can be a perovskite layer, which can be located on the side of the first transmission layer 221 away from the first electrode layer 21. The light absorption layer 222 can be prepared by one or more of a spin coating process, a thermal evaporation process, a scraping process, a coating process or a printing process. The thickness of the light absorption layer can be 100nm-1000nm. The second transmission layer 223 can be an electron transmission layer or a hole transmission layer, which can be located on the side of the light absorption layer 222 away from the first transmission layer 221. The second transmission layer 223 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, which can be prepared by one or more of a solution process, a magnetron sputtering process, a spray pyrolysis process, a thermal evaporation process, an atomic layer deposition process, a scraping process, a coating process or a printing process. The material of the second transmission layer 223 can be SnO 2 、TiO 2 、ZnO 2 、ITO、FTO、IZO、Fullerene and derivatives、BaSnO 3 or one or more of AZO, the thickness of the second transmission layer 223 can be 1nm-500nm.

[0087] In this embodiment, the first transport layer 221 , the light absorption layer 222 and the second transport layer 223 cooperate with each other to transport electrons and holes to the first electrode layer 21 and the second electrode layer 23 , respectively, thereby forming a current and achieving effective photoelectric conversion.

[0088] In an optional embodiment, the battery may further include a first wire slot 211. Figure 4 As shown, a first wire groove 211 may be formed between the first electrode layers 21 of two adjacent batteries, so that the photoelectric conversion layer 22 is connected to the substrate 1 through the first wire groove 211, thereby further improving the stability and reliability of the battery structure.

[0089] In an optional embodiment, the battery may further include a second wire slot 224. Figure 4As shown, the second wire groove 224 can be arranged in the photoelectric conversion layer 22, so that the second electrode layer 23 of the previous battery is connected to the first electrode layer 21 of the next battery through the second wire groove 224, forming an interconnection structure, so that adjacent batteries can be connected in series with each other, thereby improving the output voltage of the component and reducing the current, and reducing the power loss caused by the battery string group.

[0090] In some embodiments, two adjacent batteries may further be provided with a third wire groove 24, which is located on a side of the second wire groove 224 away from the first wire groove 211. The third wire groove 24 may sequentially penetrate the second electrode layer 23 and the photoelectric conversion layer 22, so that all batteries in the first battery layer 2 are sequentially connected in series.

[0091] The above embodiments introduce the internal structure and interconnection structure of the battery. The photovoltaic module will be further designed to improve its photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0092] In an optional embodiment, if Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the photovoltaic module may also include: a first encapsulation layer 4, a second battery layer 5, a second encapsulation layer 6 and a backplane 7. The first encapsulation layer 4 may be made of an adhesive film, which is covered on the first battery layer 2. The second battery layer 5 may be a crystalline silicon battery, which is covered on the first encapsulation layer 4. The second encapsulation layer 6 may be made of an adhesive film, which may be laid on the second battery layer 5. The backplane 6 may be a transparent glass or a flexible substrate, etc., which may cover the second encapsulation layer 6. By stacking multiple layers, a perovskite-crystalline silicon stacked battery (4T stacked battery) may be formed. As shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the 4T stacked cell has better external quantum efficiency in different wavelength ranges than the non-stacked cell, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is further improved.

[0093] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0094] For the convenience of description, the orientation or position relationship indicated by orientation words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these orientation words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself. For example, if the device in the drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Therefore, the exemplary term "above..." can include both "above..." and "below..." orientations. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0095] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0096] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0097] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant field may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the authorization specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so that once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0098] It should also be noted that "one embodiment", "another embodiment", "embodiment", etc. mentioned in this specification refer to the specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment included in at least one embodiment generally described in this application. The same expression appearing in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with any embodiment, it is claimed that the realization of such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0099] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0100] It should also be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and the patent protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: substrate; A first battery layer, the first battery layer is arranged on the substrate, the first battery layer includes a plurality of batteries, and the plurality of batteries are arranged adjacent to each other and connected in series; Lead-out electrodes, the lead-out electrodes are multiple, and the multiple lead-out electrodes are connected to the multiple batteries in a one-to-one correspondence; A battery is connected between every two adjacent lead-out electrodes, and the two adjacent lead-out electrodes are used to lead out the current of the connected batteries.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead-out electrode and the battery are welded or bonded with conductive adhesive.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery comprises: a first electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer is disposed on the substrate; a photoelectric conversion layer, the photoelectric conversion layer being located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; The second electrode layer is located at a side of the photoelectric conversion layer away from the first electrode layer.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lead-out electrode is connected to the second electrode layer.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photoelectric conversion layer comprises: a first transmission layer, the first transmission layer being located on a side of the first electrode layer away from the substrate; a light absorbing layer, wherein the light absorbing layer is located on a side of the first transmission layer away from the first electrode layer; The second transmission layer is located at a side of the light absorbing layer away from the first transmission layer.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery also includes: A first wire groove is provided in the first electrode layer and is used to connect the photoelectric conversion layer and the substrate.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery also includes: The second wire groove is provided in the photoelectric conversion layer, and the second wire groove is used to connect the second electrode layer of the previous battery and the first electrode layer of the next battery.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the first electrode layer includes a transparent conductive material.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module further comprises: a first packaging layer, the first packaging layer being located on a side of the first battery layer away from the substrate; a second battery layer, the second battery layer being located on a side of the first packaging layer away from the first battery layer; a second packaging layer, the second packaging layer being located on a side of the second battery layer away from the first packaging layer; A back plate, wherein the back plate is located on a side of the second packaging layer away from the second battery layer.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The material of the substrate includes glass material, and the material of the back plate includes glass material.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first battery layer includes perovskite batteries, and the second battery layer includes crystalline silicon batteries.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The material of the first encapsulation layer includes an adhesive film material, and the material of the second encapsulation layer includes an adhesive film material.

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