Low-voltage power supply energy storage system for cold chain system

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and relates to a low-voltage power supply energy storage system for a cold chain system. The system comprises an EMS, an original vehicle starting battery, a 48V generator ALT, a convergence module PDU, a DCDC module, a first inverter, a second inverter, a cold chain system high-pressure cooler and a plurality of battery packs. Wherein the EMS controls the battery pack to be powered on through a key, after the battery pack is powered on, 48V power supply is output to the confluence module PDU, and then the confluence module PDU supplies power to the DCDC module, the 48V generator ALT, the first inverter, the second inverter and the EMS; and after the first inverter and the second inverter are electrified, 48V power is boosted to 400V power through an internal DC-to-DC loop to be supplied to a high-voltage cooling machine of a cold chain system. The system effectively realizes efficient power management and energy optimization in the cold chain transportation process, has good flexibility and expandability, and is suitable for various cold chain power supply requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular relates to a low-voltage power supply energy storage system for cold chain systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the global energy transition and increasingly stringent environmental requirements, the automotive and marine industries are undergoing a comprehensive electrification transformation. In particular, the application of 48V electrical systems is gradually expanding from traditional auxiliary power systems in automobiles and ships to more complex application scenarios. Traditional 12V systems have limitations in load-bearing capacity, while the introduction of 48V battery systems, with their power capacity four times that of traditional 12V systems, brings significant advantages to vehicle and ship electrification systems. Based on the fundamental principle of the power equation P=V*I, the 48V system provides higher power, enabling the electrical system to support more loads, making it particularly suitable for systems requiring high power and long-term efficient and stable operation.

[0003] Against this backdrop, 48V systems have entered the cold chain system field. A cold chain supply chain is a temperature-controlled supply chain system widely used for perishable and temperature-sensitive products such as agricultural products, aquatic products, frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. The core function of this system is to ensure that products are maintained within a suitable low-temperature range during transportation, storage, and sales, thereby extending shelf life and ensuring product quality. Cold chain systems not only require rapid cooling capabilities but also the ability to maintain low temperatures for extended periods, thus achieving long-term insulation.

[0004] Traditional cold chain transportation systems rely on 380V AC power. However, due to the high power demands of cold chain systems, especially the stringent temperature control requirements in high-temperature environments, the power supply of traditional systems is often limited. While 48V low-voltage power supply systems offer higher power and capacity, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the system under long-term, high-load operation remains a technical challenge. Furthermore, traditional low-voltage systems typically cannot withstand high-power loads, making it difficult to meet the high-power discharge requirements of cold chain transportation systems. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application proposes a low-voltage power supply energy storage system for cold chain systems, which has the advantages of reducing fuel consumption, narrowing the range of high-voltage lines, and improving power safety compared to traditional 380V AC cold chain systems.

[0006] Specifically, the low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for cold chain systems described in this application includes: an EMS, a vehicle starter battery, a 48V generator ALT, a combiner module PDU, a DC-DC module, a first inverter, a second inverter, a high-voltage chiller for the cold chain system, and multiple battery packs.

[0007] The EMS controls the battery pack to power on via a button. After the battery pack is powered on, it outputs 48V power to the combiner module PDU. The combiner module PDU then supplies power to the DC-DC module, the 48V generator ALT, the first inverter, the second inverter, and the EMS. After the first inverter and the second inverter are powered on, they use their internal DC-to-DC circuits to boost the 48V power to 400V to supply power to the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system.

[0008] This application reduces the use of high-voltage lines by adopting a 48V low-voltage power supply system, thereby lowering the safety risks of the power system and improving its stability and reliability. By optimizing the coordinated operation of the battery pack and generator, the reliance on fuel oil in traditional 380V AC cold chain systems is reduced, thus lowering energy consumption and operating costs. Furthermore, the EMS module controls the power distribution of the entire system, ensuring that each component (such as the battery pack and inverter) receives a stable power supply at the appropriate time, achieving more efficient energy management and resource utilization.

[0009] Preferably, after the EMS is powered on, it outputs a 12V wake-up and power supply signal to the DC-DC module and the 48V generator ALT if there are no faults during self-testing.

[0010] Preferably, after the DC-DC module is powered on, the EMS sends a buck-boost mode command to the DC-DC module based on the initial voltage value returned by the CAN message of the DC-DC module. After the EMS evaluates the battery charging and discharging status, it sends a charge or discharge current command to the DC-DC module.

[0011] EMS synchronously assesses whether the 48V generator ALT is in a power generation state based on the rotational speed value returned by the 48V generator ALT. If it is in a charging state, it sends a charging current request to the 48V generator ALT based on the battery status.

[0012] The first and second inverters perform master-slave energy balancing based on the charging and discharging current requirements requested by the EMS, their own mains power, and the status of the solar panels.

[0013] The master-slave energy balancing includes:

[0014] If the solar panel's current photovoltaic energy is greater than the energy required by the current system load, then the solar panel supplies power to the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously replenishes the battery.

[0015] The master-slave energy balancing also includes:

[0016] If the solar panel's photovoltaic energy is less than the current system load's required energy, then priority will be given to powering the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system; if mains power is input, then both mains power and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously charge the battery; if there is no mains power input, then both the vehicle's starter battery and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system.

[0017] The multiple battery packs are all connected in parallel, and are also connected in parallel with the 48V generator ALT, the combiner module PDU, the DC-DC module, and the original vehicle starter battery.

[0018] The original vehicle starter battery is a 12V or 24V starter battery.

[0019] The first and second inverters convert 220V AC mains power to 48V to charge the battery pack and output 400V high-voltage power to power the high-voltage chiller in the cold chain system. They can integrate photovoltaic panels to use solar energy to charge the battery pack with 48V and output 400V high-voltage power to power the chiller unit.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This application proposes a low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for cold chain systems. It uses a 48V low-voltage battery pack as the basic energy source. After intelligent distribution by the PDU, the power is supplied to high-voltage refrigeration equipment via a DC-DC module and the inverter's internal boost circuit (48V→400V), significantly reducing the safety risks and costs of the high-voltage battery system. Simultaneously, the EMS dynamically regulates the DC-DC boost / buck mode to ensure precise matching between battery voltage and load demand, improving energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the EMS coordinates photovoltaic (PV), mains power, battery, and generator energy in real time. When PV is sufficient, PV directly supplies the high-voltage chiller and replenishes the battery, achieving zero-carbon power supply. When PV is insufficient, it automatically switches to a hybrid power supply mode of "PV + mains power" or "PV + battery," prioritizing chiller operation and extending battery life through intelligent replenishment logic. When there is no mains power, the battery and PV work together to support the chiller load, ensuring the system's off-grid operation capability. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following description is intended to disclose this application so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown, the low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for cold chain systems described in this application includes: an EMS, a vehicle starter battery, a 48V generator ALT, a combiner module PDU, a DC-DC module, a first inverter, a second inverter, a high-voltage chiller for the cold chain system, and multiple battery packs.

[0025] Preferably, the EMS serves as the control core of the entire system, equipped with a data display and energy management control panel. It can display and record the individual cell voltages, total voltage, current, and fault information of the battery pack in real time, while simultaneously monitoring the inverter's AC input power, frequency, and high-voltage discharge power consumption. The EMS can remotely control the power on / off operation of the battery pack and inverter, and supports real-time data tracking during cold chain transportation. Furthermore, the EMS integrates GPS and 4G modules, enabling online system upgrades and optimizations to ensure the system always remains up-to-date with the latest technology.

[0026] As a power combiner module, the PDU is responsible for the parallel charging of the battery pack and the charging of the inverter, and rationally distributes the power of each power module to ensure the stability of the power supply of the entire system.

[0027] The 48V alternator (ALT) is coupled to the vehicle's engine via a pulley, outputting a voltage of 40V-57.6V to charge the 48V lithium-ion battery. The EMS controls the alternator's start and stop, adjusting its SOC (State of Charge) to achieve controlled driving or idling charging functions.

[0028] The battery pack preferably uses 48V lithium iron phosphate energy storage batteries, which are composed of multiple battery cells (each with a voltage of 3.2V) connected in series, with a rated voltage of 51.2V and a capacity of 100Ah. Depending on the system requirements, 1 to 16 battery packs can be flexibly configured in parallel to meet the power needs of different compartments.

[0029] The EMS controls the battery pack to power on via buttons. Once powered on, the battery pack outputs 48V power to the PDU (Power Distribution Unit). Specifically, the 48V power output from the battery pack is first distributed by the PDU. The PDU's function is to distribute the power from the battery pack appropriately to various key components, including the DC-DC module, the 48V generator ALT, the two inverters (the first and second inverters), and the EMS itself. The PDU ensures that each component receives appropriate voltage and current, thereby guaranteeing the normal operation of each module.

[0030] This embodiment uses two inverters, a first inverter and a second inverter, which are responsible for converting 48V battery power into 400V high-voltage power to supply the high-voltage refrigerator in the cold chain system. Specifically: After receiving 48V power from the combiner module (PDU), the DC-DC conversion circuit inside the first and second inverters boosts the 48V voltage to 400V. The boosted power is then supplied to the high-voltage refrigerator in the cold chain system. The high-voltage refrigerator's function is to transfer heat from low-temperature regions to high-temperature regions through thermodynamic cycles, thereby maintaining a low-temperature environment. During cold chain transportation, the 400V high-voltage power provided by the inverter drives the refrigerator to ensure that the transported goods are preserved at a suitable temperature.

[0031] Preferably, after the EMS is powered on, it outputs a 12V wake-up and power supply signal to the DC-DC module and the 48V generator ALT if there are no faults during self-testing.

[0032] Preferably, after the DC-DC module is powered on, the EMS sends a buck-boost mode command to the DC-DC module based on the initial voltage value returned by the CAN message of the DC-DC module. After the EMS evaluates the battery charging and discharging status, it sends a charge or discharge current command to the DC-DC module.

[0033] The DC-DC module is used in the system for voltage conversion, especially to adjust the voltage level required by other systems from 48V battery power. The module supports both boost and buck charging modes. For example, when the 48V energy storage battery needs to charge a 12V or 24V startup battery, the DC-DC module will step down to provide the appropriate voltage; when the startup battery needs to feed power back to the 48V energy storage battery, the DC-DC module will boost the power.

[0034] EMS synchronously assesses whether the 48V generator ALT is in a power generation state based on the rotational speed value returned by the 48V generator ALT. If it is in a charging state, it sends a charging current request to the 48V generator ALT based on the battery status.

[0035] The 48V alternator ALT is coupled to the vehicle's original engine via a pulley. When the engine is running, the alternator outputs a voltage of 40V to 57.6V to supply power to the 48V energy storage battery. This alternator is regulated by the EMS, which controls its start and stop, and monitors its operating status via SOC (State of Charge) to ensure that the battery is recharged during driving or idling, maintaining a sufficient battery charge.

[0036] The first and second inverters perform master-slave energy balancing based on the charging and discharging current requirements requested by the EMS, their own mains power, and the status of the solar panels.

[0037] The master-slave energy balancing includes:

[0038] If the solar panel's current photovoltaic energy is greater than the energy required by the current system load, then the solar panel supplies power to the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously replenishes the battery.

[0039] The master-slave energy balancing also includes:

[0040] If the solar panel's photovoltaic energy is less than the current system load's required energy, then priority will be given to powering the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system; if mains power is input, then both mains power and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously charge the battery; if there is no mains power input, then both the vehicle's starter battery and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system.

[0041] The multiple battery packs are all connected in parallel, and are also connected in parallel with the 48V generator ALT, the combiner module PDU, the DC-DC module, and the original vehicle starter battery.

[0042] The original vehicle starter battery is a 12V or 24V starter battery.

[0043] The first and second inverters convert 220V AC mains power to 48V to charge the battery pack and output 400V high-voltage power to power the high-voltage chiller in the cold chain system. They can integrate photovoltaic panels to use solar energy to charge the battery pack with 48V and output 400V high-voltage power to power the chiller unit.

[0044] This application reduces the use of high-voltage lines by adopting a 48V low-voltage power supply system, thereby lowering the safety risks of the power system and improving its stability and reliability. By optimizing the coordinated operation of the battery pack and generator, the reliance on fuel oil in traditional 380V AC cold chain systems is reduced, thus lowering energy consumption and operating costs. Furthermore, the EMS module controls the power distribution of the entire system, ensuring that each component (such as the battery pack and inverter) receives a stable power supply at the appropriate time, achieving more efficient energy management and resource utilization.

[0045] Through the above embodiments, this system not only ensures stable power supply during cold chain transportation, but also improves energy utilization and the system's automated management capabilities, providing reliable technical support for future intelligent electric cold chain systems.

[0046] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this utility model should still be covered by the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for cold chain systems, characterized in that, The system includes: an EMS, a vehicle starter battery, a 48V alternator ALT, a combiner module PDU, a DC-DC module, a first inverter, a second inverter, a high-pressure chiller for the cold chain system, and multiple battery packs. The EMS controls the battery packs to power on via buttons. Once powered on, the battery packs output 48V power to the combiner module PDU, which then powers the DC-DC module, the 48V alternator ALT, the first inverter, the second inverter, and the EMS. The first and second inverters, upon receiving power, use internal DC-to-DC converters to boost the 48V voltage to 400V to power the high-pressure chiller for the cold chain system.

2. The low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: After the EMS is powered on, it outputs a 12V wake-up and power supply signal to the DC-DC module and the 48V generator ALT if there are no faults during self-testing.

3. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: After the DC-DC module is powered on, the EMS sends a buck-boost mode command to the DC-DC module based on the initial voltage value returned by the CAN message of the DC-DC module. After the EMS evaluates the battery charging and discharging status, it sends a charge or discharge current command to the DC-DC module.

4. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: EMS synchronously assesses whether the 48V generator ALT is in a power generation state based on the rotational speed value returned by the 48V generator ALT. If it is in a charging state, it sends a charging current request to the 48V generator ALT based on the battery status.

5. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: The first and second inverters perform master-slave energy balancing based on the charging and discharging current requirements requested by the EMS, the mains power, and the status of the solar panels.

6. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The master-slave energy balancing includes: If the solar panel's current photovoltaic energy is greater than the energy required by the current system load, then the solar panel supplies power to the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously replenishes the battery.

7. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The master-slave energy balancing also includes: If the solar panel's photovoltaic energy is less than the current system load's required energy, it will prioritize powering the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system. When mains power is available, both mains power and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system and simultaneously charge the battery. If there is no mains power, both the vehicle's starter battery and the solar panel will power the high-pressure chiller of the cold chain system.

8. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multiple battery packs are all connected in parallel, and are also connected in parallel with the 48V generator ALT, the combiner module PDU, the DC-DC module, and the original vehicle starter battery.

9. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The original vehicle starter battery is a 12V or 24V starter battery.

10. A low-voltage power supply and energy storage system for a cold chain system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first and second inverters convert 220V AC mains power to 48V to charge the battery pack and output 400V high-voltage power to power the high-voltage chiller in the cold chain system. They can integrate photovoltaic panels to use solar energy to charge the battery pack with 48V and output 400V high-voltage power to power the chiller unit.

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