An apparatus for producing base oil based on a fischer-tropsch synthesis process

Abstract

The utility model relates to base oil production technical field especially relates to a device of base oil production based on fischer tropsch synthesis process, a device of base oil production based on fischer tropsch synthesis process includes: bottom plate and multiple matched pipeline, coal gas shift reactor, agitator, light vacuum tower, heating assembly, the top left side fixedly connected with coal feeder of bottom plate, the top inside fixedly connected with the material frame of coal feeder, the right side fixedly connected with gasification furnace of coal feeder of bottom plate top, the rear side fixedly connected with coal gas shift reactor of gasification furnace of bottom plate top, the top inside fixedly connected with monitoring instrument of coal gas shift reactor, the inside fixedly connected with compressor of one side of coal gas shift reactor. The utility model solves the situation that domestic high -end lubricating oil base oil long -term dependence on imports, fills up the industrialization independent production supply's blank, alleviates our country to product's demand and the degree of dependence on foreign countries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of base oil production technology, and in particular to an apparatus for producing base oil based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. Background Technology

[0002] An apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process typically uses oil products from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as feedstock. The feedstock undergoes preliminary treatment in a pretreatment unit, followed by polymerization in a Lewis acid catalyst. It then proceeds through a series of processes including alkali washing, alkali separation, water washing, sedimentation, and dehydration. Next, the material enters a hydrogenation unit where it reacts under the influence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen. After gas-liquid separation, the product enters a fractionation unit, where it is collected as lubricating oil base oil according to the fractions. This process also requires supporting heating, cooling, and conveying equipment, as well as an instrumentation and control system to monitor and regulate parameters such as temperature and pressure to ensure stable operation of the unit.

[0003] Currently, only three companies in China possess the technology for indirect coal liquefaction in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: China Shenhua Group, Inner Mongolia Yitai Group, and Lu'an Chemical Group. However, only Lu'an Chemical Group has established and commercially operated a Fischer-Tropsch wax isomerization dewaxing deep processing technology to produce coal-based fully synthetic high-end lubricating oil base oils. Furthermore, the domestic production of high-end lubricating oil base oils is significantly insufficient. For a long time, China has lacked mature technology for the independent industrial production of high-end lubricating oil base oils, relying excessively on foreign technologies, resulting in a large dependence on imports. This not only restricts the development of related domestic industries but also exacerbates my country's demand for imported products and its dependence on foreign countries, placing China in a passive position in ensuring supply stability and responding to international market fluctuations. It also hinders the improvement of the economic added value of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil products.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

[0006] This utility model provides an apparatus for producing base oil based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, comprising: a base plate and multiple supporting pipelines, a gas shift reactor, a stirrer, a light pressure reducing tower, and heating components. A coal feeder is fixedly connected to the leftmost top of the base plate, and a feed frame is fixedly connected inside the top of the coal feeder. A gasifier is fixedly connected to the right side of the coal feeder at the top of the base plate. A gas shift reactor is fixedly connected to the rear side of the top of the base plate, behind the gasifier. Monitoring instruments are fixedly connected inside the top of the gas shift reactor. A compressor is installed inside one side of the gas shift reactor. A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is fixedly connected to the right side of the gasifier at the top of the base plate. A fractionation tower is fixedly connected to the right side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor at the top of the base plate. An agitator is fixedly connected to the top of the fractionation tower, and a feed inlet is fixedly connected inside the top of the agitator. A first feed pump is installed inside one side of the fractionation tower. A first hydrogenation reactor is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate, which is located on the right side of the fractionation tower. A first circulating hydrogen compressor is installed at the top of the first hydrogenation reactor. A light vacuum distillation tower is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate, which is located on the right side of the first hydrogenation reactor. A second hydrogenation reactor is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate, which is located on the right side of the light vacuum distillation tower. A second circulating hydrogen compressor is installed at the top of the second hydrogenation reactor. A heavy vacuum distillation tower is fixedly connected to the top right of the bottom plate. Three base oil stripping towers are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate, which is located behind the heavy vacuum distillation tower. A heating assembly is installed at the rear of the top of the bottom plate.

[0007] Preferably, the heating assembly includes a first heating furnace, a second heating furnace, a third heating furnace, a fourth heating furnace, and four supports. The bottom end of the first heating furnace is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate via the supports, located behind the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor. The bottom end of the second heating furnace is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate via the supports, located behind the first hydrogenation reactor. The bottom end of the third heating furnace is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate via the supports, located behind the light vacuum tower. The bottom end of the fourth heating furnace is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate via the supports, located behind the second hydrogenation reactor.

[0008] Preferably, the coal feeder is connected to the gasifier via a pipeline, and the gasifier is connected to the gas shift reactor via a delivery pump.

[0009] Preferably, the compressor is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor via a pipeline, and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor is connected to the fractionation tower via a pipeline.

[0010] Preferably, the fractionation tower is connected to the agitator via a filter pump, and the first feed pump is connected to the first hydrogenation reactor via a pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, the first hydrogenation reactor is connected to the light vacuum distillation tower via a pipeline, and the light vacuum distillation tower is connected to the second hydrogenation reactor via a second feed pump.

[0012] Preferably, the second hydrogenation reactor is connected to the heavy vacuum distillation tower via a pipeline, and the heavy vacuum distillation tower is connected to the multiple base oil product stripping towers via three pipelines respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the output end of the first heating furnace is fixedly connected to the rear side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, the output end of the second heating furnace is fixedly connected to the rear side of the first hydrogenation reactor, the output end of the third heating furnace is fixedly connected to the rear side of the light vacuum tower, and the output end of the fourth heating furnace is fixedly connected to the rear side of the second hydrogenation reactor.

[0014] Compared with related technologies, the apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process provided by this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] In terms of existing technology, this patented technology bypasses existing foreign technology routes through a relatively mature coal-to-oil process, solving the long-standing situation of domestic reliance on imports for high-end lubricating oil base oils, filling the gap in industrialized independent production and supply, and alleviating my country's demand for products and its dependence on foreign countries.

[0016] In terms of economic benefits, a coal indirect liquefaction project with a capacity of 1 million tons / year can be equipped with a 500,000-ton / year isomerization dewaxing production unit, with a base oil yield of over 60%, and the unit price of low-viscosity and medium-viscosity base oils reaching 10,000-12,000 yuan / ton. The economic added value of Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil products is greatly improved, bringing huge economic benefits; low-pour-point diesel has a wider range of applications and a broad market prospect. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a device for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process provided by this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of the base plate.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The process flow diagram shown is shown.

[0020] Numbered in the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Coal feeder; 3. Feed frame; 4. Gasifier; 5. Gas shift reactor; 6. Monitoring instrument; 7. Compressor; 8. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor; 9. Fractionating tower; 10. Agitator; 11. Feed inlet; 12. First feed pump; 13. First hydrogenation reactor; 14. First circulating hydrogen compressor; 15. Light vacuum distillation tower; 16. Second hydrogenation reactor; 17. Second circulating hydrogen compressor; 18. Heavy vacuum distillation tower; 19. Base oil stripping tower; 20. First heater; 21. Second heater; 22. Third heater; 23. Fourth heater. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0022] The specific implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 3 An apparatus for producing base oil based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, comprising: a base plate (1) and multiple supporting pipes. The base plate (1) is only for the convenience of displaying the overall process. At the top left of the base plate (1), a coal feeder (2) is fixedly connected. Inside the top of the coal feeder (2), a feed frame (3) is fixedly connected. On the right side of the coal feeder (2), at the top of the base plate (1), a gasifier (4) is fixedly connected. The coal feeder (2) and the gasifier (4) are connected by pipes. The coal feeder (2) is an important equipment for conveying raw coal. It can stably and quantitatively convey raw coal to the gasifier (4) fixedly connected inside the top according to production needs, providing raw materials for subsequent gasification reactions.

[0024] At the top rear side of the base plate (1), behind the gasifier (4), a gas shift reactor (5) is fixedly connected. The gasifier (4) and the gas shift reactor (5) are connected by a delivery pump, which provides power to the material so that the gas can smoothly enter the gas shift reactor (5). The gas shift reactor (5) is a key device for adjusting the composition of crude gas. A monitoring instrument (6) is fixedly connected inside its top. The monitoring instrument (6) can monitor important parameters such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition in the reactor in real time, providing accurate data for operators to adjust the reaction conditions in a timely manner. A gas shift reactor (5) is installed inside one side of the gas shift reactor (5). There is a compressor (7), which can compress the gas after the conversion reaction, increase the gas pressure, and meet the needs of subsequent reactions. On the right side of the gasifier (4), the top of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). The compressor (7) is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) through a pipe. The compressed gas enters the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) through this pipe. On the right side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8), the top of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected to the fractionation tower (9). The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) is connected to the fractionation tower (9) through a pipe. The product after the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction enters the fractionation tower (9) through this pipe for separation.

[0025] At the top of the base plate (1), a stirrer (10) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the fractionation tower (9). The fractionation tower (9) is connected to the stirrer (10) through a filter pump. The filter pump can transport materials such as stable heavy wax that need further processing in the fractionation tower (9) to the stirrer (10). The stirrer (10) is a device for fine processing of materials. An inlet (11) is fixedly connected inside its top to facilitate the addition of materials. A first feed pump (12) is installed inside one side of the fractionation tower (9). The first feed pump (12) can provide power for other intermediate oil products in the fractionation tower (9) to enter the first hydrogenation reactor (13) located on the right side of the fractionation tower (9) and fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (1) through a pipeline. The first hydrogenation reactor (13) is an important place for hydrogenation refining reaction. A first circulating hydrogen compressor (14) is installed at its top. The first circulating hydrogen compressor (14) can provide circulating hydrogen to the reactor to maintain the hydrogen partial pressure required for the reaction.

[0026] On the right side of the first hydrogenation reactor (13), a light vacuum distillation tower (15) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1). The first hydrogenation reactor (13) and the light vacuum distillation tower (15) are connected by a pipeline. The product after the reaction enters the light vacuum distillation tower (15) through this pipeline for vacuum fractionation. On the right side of the light vacuum distillation tower (15), a second hydrogenation reactor (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1). The light vacuum distillation tower (15) and the second hydrogenation reactor (16) are connected by a second feed pump. The second feed pump transports the material processed by the light vacuum distillation tower (15) to the second hydrogenation reactor (16). The top of the second hydrogenation reactor (16) is equipped with a... The second circulating hydrogen compressor (17) is used to provide circulating hydrogen for the reaction. A heavy and light pressure tower (18) is fixedly connected to the top right of the bottom plate (1). The second hydrogenation reactor (16) is connected to the heavy and light pressure tower (18) through a pipeline. The product after the reaction enters the heavy and light pressure tower (18) for further fractionation. Behind the heavy and light pressure tower (18), three base oil stripping towers (19) are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1). The heavy and light pressure tower (18) and the multiple base oil stripping towers (19) are respectively connected through three pipelines. The product after fractionation enters the base oil stripping tower (19) through these pipelines for final purification.

[0027] A heating assembly is installed on the rear side of the top of the base plate (1). The heating assembly includes a first heating furnace (20), a second heating furnace (21), a third heating furnace (22), a fourth heating furnace (23), and four supports. The bottom end of the first heating furnace (20) is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (1) via the supports, located behind the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). Its output end is also fixedly connected to the rear side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). The first heating furnace (20) provides the heat required for the reaction in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). The bottom end of the second heating furnace (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (1) via the supports, located behind the first hydrogenation reactor (13). Its output end is also fixedly connected to the rear side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). The rear side of the first hydrogenation reactor (13) is fixedly connected to provide heat to the first hydrogenation reactor (13). The bottom end of the third heating furnace (22) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) via a support and is located behind the light decompression tower (15). The output end is fixedly connected to the rear side of the light decompression tower (15) to provide heat support for the fractionation process of the light decompression tower (15). The bottom end of the fourth heating furnace (23) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) via a support and is located behind the second hydrogenation reactor (16). The output end is fixedly connected to the rear side of the second hydrogenation reactor (16) to provide suitable temperature conditions for the isomerization dewaxing reaction of the second hydrogenation reactor (16).

[0028] The working principle of the apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0029] Raw coal pretreatment and gasification: First, the raw coal is conveyed by the coal feeder 2, which sends it into the gasifier 3. In the gasifier 3, the raw coal undergoes a series of operations, including deashing, to generate crude coal gas. This step is the starting point of the entire process, providing the basic raw material for subsequent gas shift and synthesis reactions. The crude coal gas then enters the gas shift reactor 5 via a pump. In the gas shift reactor 5, the crude coal gas undergoes a shift reaction, adjusting its composition. A compressor 7 installed on one side of the gas shift reactor 5 compresses the gas to meet the pressure requirements of subsequent reactions. Simultaneously, a monitoring instrument 6 at the top of the gas shift reactor 5 monitors various parameters during the reaction process in real time, such as temperature, pressure, and gas composition, ensuring the reaction proceeds under suitable conditions. The coal gas after the shift reaction is further purified to generate purified gas with a certain hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of {1.4-1.8} and a sulfur content of S < 0.05 ppm.

[0030] Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Reaction: After being compressed by compressor 7, the purified gas enters the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor 8 through a pipeline. Under certain temperature and pressure conditions, and with the aid of an iron-based catalyst, the purified gas undergoes a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in reactor 8. This reaction produces three intermediate oil products: light naphtha, stabilized heavy oil, and stabilized heavy wax. During this process, the first heating furnace 20 provides the heat required for the reaction in reactor 8, ensuring that the reaction temperature is maintained within a suitable range {250-280℃} to guarantee the smooth progress of the reaction.

[0031] Intermediate oil separation and processing: The products after the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction enter fractionation column 9 for separation. Fractionation column 9 separates the products into three intermediate oils: light naphtha, stabilized heavy oil, and stabilized heavy wax. The stabilized heavy wax is pumped into agitator 10, which is filled with a filter medium composed of bleaching clay and diatomaceous earth. Impurities Fe and Fe³⁺ in the stabilized heavy wax are removed through physical filtration and adsorption, thus obtaining qualified heavy wax with the required color.

[0032] Hydrorefining reaction: Two other intermediate oil products, light naphtha and stabilized heavy oil, enter the first hydrorefining reactor 13 via the first feed pump 12. In the first hydrorefining reactor 13, the intermediate oil products undergo a hydrorefining reaction with hydrogen under the action of a refining catalyst. The first circulating hydrogen compressor 14 provides circulating hydrogen to the first hydrorefining reactor 13 to maintain the hydrogen partial pressure required for the reaction. At the same time, the second heater 21 provides heat to the first hydrorefining reactor 13, so that the reaction is carried out under suitable temperature {220-270℃} and pressure {2-3.6MPa} conditions. After the reaction, refined naphtha, liquid paraffin, and Fischer-Tropsch wax are obtained.

[0033] Light vacuum distillation treatment: The product from the first hydrogenation reactor 13 enters the light vacuum distillation tower 15, where it undergoes vacuum fractionation to further separate and purify the components. During this process, the third heater 22 provides heat to the light vacuum distillation tower 15, ensuring that the fractionation process takes place under suitable temperature conditions.

[0034] Isomerization and dewaxing reaction: Fischer-Tropsch wax treated by the light vacuum distillation tower 15 enters the second hydrogenation reactor 16 via the second feed pump. The second hydrogenation reactor 16 acts as an isomerization and dewaxing reactor, where the Fischer-Tropsch wax undergoes an isomerization and dewaxing reaction under the action of a precious metal catalyst. The second circulating hydrogen compressor 17 provides circulating hydrogen to the second hydrogenation reactor 16 to maintain the hydrogen partial pressure of the reaction. The fourth heating furnace 23 provides heat to the second hydrogenation reactor 16, ensuring the reaction proceeds under suitable temperature {210-250℃} and pressure {7.1-7.2MPa} conditions. The final product is a Class III+ fully synthetic high-end lubricating oil base oil with a viscosity index in the range of 120-155, along with other byproducts.

[0035] Final product fractionation and stripping: The product after the reaction in the second hydrogenation reactor 16 enters the heavy vacuum distillation tower 18, where the product is fractionated again to further separate products with different boiling point ranges. The fractionated products are then piped into three base oil stripping towers 19, where stripping is performed to further purify the product and finally obtain qualified base oil products and other by-products.

[0036] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process, characterized in that, include: The bottom plate (1) is connected to multiple supporting pipes. A coal feeder (2) is fixedly connected to the leftmost top of the bottom plate (1). A feed frame (3) is fixedly connected inside the top of the coal feeder (2). A gasifier (4) is fixedly connected to the right side of the coal feeder (2) at the top of the bottom plate (1). A gas shift reactor (5) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the bottom plate (1) behind the gasifier (4). A monitoring instrument (6) is fixedly connected inside the top of the gas shift reactor (5). A compressor (7) is installed inside one side of the gas shift reactor (5). A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) to the right side of the gasifier (4). A fractionation tower (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) to the right side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). A stirrer (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) at the rear side of the fractionation tower (9). An inlet (11) is fixedly connected inside the top of the stirrer (10). A first feed pump (12) is installed inside one side of the fractionation tower (9). A first hydrogenation reactor (13) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) at the right side of the fractionation tower (9). A first circulating hydrogen compressor (14) is installed at the top of the first hydrogenation reactor (13). A light pressure reducing tower (15) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) on the right side of the first hydrogenation reactor (13). A second hydrogenation reactor (16) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) on the right side of the light pressure reducing tower (15). A second circulating hydrogen compressor (17) is installed at the top of the second hydrogenation reactor (16). A heavy pressure reducing tower (18) is fixedly connected to the rightmost side of the top of the bottom plate (1). Three base oil stripping towers (19) are fixedly connected to the top of the bottom plate (1) on the rear side of the heavy pressure reducing tower (18). Heating components are installed on the rear top of the base plate (1).

2. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating assembly includes a first heating furnace (20), a second heating furnace (21), a third heating furnace (22), a fourth heating furnace (23), and four supports. The bottom end of the first heating furnace (20) is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate (1) via the supports, which is located behind the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8). The bottom end of the second heating furnace (21) is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate (1) via the supports, which is located behind the first hydrogenation reactor (13). The bottom end of the third heating furnace (22) is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate (1) via the supports, which is located behind the light vacuum tower (15). The bottom end of the fourth heating furnace (23) is fixedly connected to the top end of the bottom plate (1) via the supports, which is located behind the second hydrogenation reactor (16).

3. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coal feeder (2) is connected to the gasifier (4) via a pipeline, and the gasifier (4) is connected to the gas shift reactor (5) via a delivery pump.

4. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compressor (7) is connected to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) via a pipeline, and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8) is connected to the fractionation tower (9) via a pipeline.

5. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fractionation tower (9) is connected to the agitator (10) via a filter pump, and the first feed pump (12) is connected to the first hydrogenation reactor (13) via a pipeline.

6. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hydrogenation reactor (13) is connected to the light pressure reduction tower (15) via a pipeline, and the light pressure reduction tower (15) is connected to the second hydrogenation reactor (16) via a second feed pump.

7. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second hydrogenation reactor (16) is connected to the heavy vacuum distillation tower (18) via a pipeline, and the heavy vacuum distillation tower (18) is connected to the multiple base oil stripping towers (19) via three pipelines respectively.

8. The apparatus for producing base oils based on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output end of the first heating furnace (20) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor (8), the output end of the second heating furnace (21) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the first hydrogenation reactor (13), the output end of the third heating furnace (22) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the light pressure reduction tower (15), and the output end of the fourth heating furnace (23) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the second hydrogenation reactor (16).

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